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茶叶科学 ›› 2008, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 207-213.doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.03.007

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田间条件下不同园龄茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求规律的研究

尤雪琴1,2, 杨亚军1, 阮建云1,*   

  1. 1. 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,农业部茶叶化学工程重点开放实验室,浙江 杭州 310008;
    2. 中国农业科学院研究生院,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2008-03-20 修回日期:2008-04-15 出版日期:2008-06-15 发布日期:2019-09-16
  • 通讯作者: *
  • 作者简介:尤雪琴(1981— ),女,浙江宁波人,硕士研究生,主要从事茶树营养遗传育种研究。
  • 基金资助:
    农业部行业专项项目(nyhyzx07-021); 农业部“948”项目(2006-G16)

Requirement on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium by Tea Plants with Different Ages under Field Conditions

YOU Xue-qin1,2, YANG Ya-jun1, RUAN Jian-yun1,*   

  1. 1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Tea Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China;
    2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2008-03-20 Revised:2008-04-15 Online:2008-06-15 Published:2019-09-16

摘要: 本文通过分析大田条件下1、2、3、5和10龄龙井43茶园头年秋天整株茶树、第二年采摘新稍、修剪物和落叶的生物量以及氮、磷、钾养分量,研究不同园龄茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求规律。1龄茶园到5龄茶园,茶树地上部生物量、氮、磷、钾养分量分别增加约32倍、21倍、25倍、29倍,到10龄茶园,与5龄茶园相比,仅分别增加约71%、17%、13%、14%。从1龄到2龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为90.01、5.71、31.11 kg/hm2,从2龄到3龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为122.74、9.63、45.14 kg/hm2,从3龄到4龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为144.03、10.33、47.99 kg/hm2。幼龄茶树经过定型修剪后,吸收的养分有一部分通过修剪物和落叶回归土壤,因茶树生长(不包括修剪物和落叶等)并留存在茶树上的养分量占总量的43.9%、48.7%、61.3%左右。进入青年期,如5龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别约为164.4、12.68、71.29 kg/hm2。进入采摘后,茶树所需的养分主要用于新稍生长,一部分分配到修剪物和落叶之中,因茶树生长(不包括修剪物和落叶等)并留存在茶树上的氮、磷、钾养分量比较稳定且只占较少份额(氮、磷、钾养分量分别仅约为7.54、0.53、5.44 kg/hm2)。本试验对田间条件下不同生育期的茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求量的研究建立了试验分析方法,为进一步研究茶树养分需求规律提供了一条新的思路。

关键词: 茶树, 氮, 磷, 钾, 养分需求规律

Abstract: In order to study on requirement on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by tea plants with different ages under field conditions, the biomass on up-ground parts of Longjing 43 tea plants aged 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years in the fall of the first year, and the young shoots, the fallen leaves and the pruning on the second year under different N, P and K application was investigated. The biomass of up-ground parts in tea plants aged 5 years and the concentration of N, P and K in tea plants increased 32, 21, 25, 29 times respectively as compared with those aged one year. The biomass and the concentration of N, P and K in tea plants aged 10 years only increased approximately by 71%, 17%, 13%, 14% respectively as compared with those aged 5 years. The annual requirement of N, P and K for tea plants aged 1~2 years under field conditions is 90.01, 5.71, 31.11 kg/hm2 respectively. The annual requirement of N, P and K for tea plants aged 2~3 years is 122.74, 9.63, 45.14 kg/hm2 respectively. The annual requirement of N, P and K for tea plants aged 3~4 years is 144.03, 10.33, 47.99 kg/hm2 respectively. After pruning, the absorbed N, P and K in part is recovered to the soil through pruning and fallen leaves, the amounts of N, P and K in tea plants used for growth (pruning and fallen leaves are excluded) account for 43.9%, 48.7%, 61.3% of the total respectively. The annual requirement of N, P and K of young tea plants (for example, 5 years aged tea plants) is about 164.4, 12.68, 71.29 kg/hm2 respectively. The concentration of N, P and K in the plucking tea plants is mainly used in the growth of tea shoots, and maintain in a stable state and only share a small part of the total (approximately 7.54, 0.53 and 5.44 kg/hm2). A research method on the requirement on N, P and K of tea plants with various growing stage under field conditions was established in this investigation, thus provides a new idea for the further investigation on the nutrient requirement of tea plants.

Key words: tea plant, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nutrient requirement

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