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Published in last 1 year | In last 2 years| In last 3 years| All| Most Downloaded in Recent Month | Most Downloaded in Recent Year| All Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks Toggle Thumbnails Select Research Progress of Tea Quality Evaluation Technology LIU Qi, OUYANG Jian, LIU Changwei, CHEN Hongyu, LI Juan, XIONG Ligui, LIU Zhonghua, HUANG Jian'an Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 316-330.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220416.001 Abstract （1521）      PDF（pc） （812KB）（2687）       Knowledge map    Save The quality of tea is the embodiment of the shape and inner quality of tea, and evaluating the quality of tea quickly and accurately is essential for tea trade and processing. Sensory evaluation, composition analysis and detection, and emerging technologies are the main tea quality evaluation techniques at present. This article summarized the research progress of three major evaluation technologies in recent years, and focused on the development trend of emerging technologies. Sensory evaluation is greatly influenced by subjective factors, but combined with quantitative description and analysis can reduce the influence of subjectivity. Component analysis detection has high threshold, difficult operation, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the results obtained are relatively accurate. Emerging technologies are simple, fast, and non-destructive, but at present they cannot achieve satisfactory accuracy. In the tea product diversification today, only multi-dimensional comprehensive utilization of multiple methods can quickly and efficiently detect the quality of tea, and provide assistance for the healthy and efficient development of the tea industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Liupao Tea MA Wanjun, MA Shicheng, LIU Chunmei, LONG Zhirong, TANG Baojun, LIN Zhi, LYU Haipeng Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 289-304.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.001 Abstract （1904）      PDF（pc） （1369KB）（1974）       Knowledge map    Save Liupao tea is a kind of distinctive dark tea products in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with a long history of production and marketing. It has unique flavor quality characteristics and health-care effects, which has attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, the research progress on chemical composition and biological activity of Liupao tea over the last 20 years was reviewed, and the future research interests of Liupao tea were also discussed preliminarily. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 7-13+29.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.002 Abstract （559）      PDF（pc） （66KB）（1893）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Primitive Morpheme in Sensory Terminology and Flavor Wheel Construction of Chinese Tea ZHANG Yingbin, LIU Xu, LU Chengyin Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 474-483.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20190530.001 Abstract （2474）      PDF（pc） （891KB）（1889）       Knowledge map    Save The critical work of perfecting sensory terms is to further set the rules for the complex terms by extracting, classifying and defining primitive morphemes. Based on the standard GB/T 14487—2017 (Terms of tea sensory tests), a total of 137 primitive morphemes were extracted, including 48 appearance and brewed leaves terms, 17 color terms, 46 aroma terms, 13 flavor terms and 13 degree terms. These primitive morphemes were also defined in English and Japanese. Through the analysis of the composition and semantics of these terms, Chinese tea color wheel, taste wheel, aroma wheel and sensory attributes wheel were constructed depending on practical tea sensory evaluation experience. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Recent Advance on Quality Characteristics and Health Effects of Dark Tea WANG Ruru, XIAO Mengchao, LI Daxiang, LING Tiejun, XIE Zhongwen Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (2): 113-124.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.02.001 Abstract （1166）      PDF（pc） （765KB）（1717）       Knowledge map    Save Dark tea is made from fresh leaves or mature shoots of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Its manufacture process includes fixing, rolling, stacking and drying. The healthy benefits of dark tea attracted much attention. So far, a large number of in vitro experiments and animal model studies have revealed the potentially preventive effects of functional components in dark tea on some diseases, including hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and many other diseases. During the past ten years, there had made a huge advance in research on functional components and healthy benefits of dark tea. These results not only provided a reliable theoretical basis for better understanding of health effects of dark tea, but also played an important role in promoting dark tea consumption. In this paper, the characteristics of dark tea and the progress of health effects of dark tea during the past five years were reviewed. The direction for future research was also proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Research Advance on Tea Biochemistry WAN Xiaochun, LI Daxiang, ZHANG Zhengzhu, XIA Tao, LING Tiejun, CHEN Qi Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.002 Abstract （1375）      PDF（pc） （1093KB）（1715）       Knowledge map    Save Tea biochemistry is a subject of life science on Camellia Sinensis. It mainly focus on characteristic secondary metabolites of tea plants, especially those in the fresh tea shoots using biochemical and molecular techniques as research tools. Those metabolites include catechins, caffeine, theanine and volatile terpenes, which contribute greatly to tea quality and healthy effects. The major research fields of tea biochemistry involve the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in tea plants, their transformation during tea processing and their effects on final tea quality and healthy function. Recently, there have several breakthroughs in the metabolites biosynthesis pathway, tea genome, specific tea germplasm metabolome, the processing metabolome, as well as the chemistry of tea quality. Since tea biochemistry is the fundamental in tea science, its achievements provide the theoretical basis and method approaches to tea cultivation and breeding, tea primary and further processing, tea trading and tea culture. With the development of tea industry and life science & technology, it is believed that the advancement of tea biochemistry will push forward tea industry to a high level at the sustainable development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(17) Select Identification and Expression Pattern Analysis of NUDIX Gene Family in Camellia sinensis CHEN Zhenyan, ZHANG Xiangqin, CHEN Lan, XIE Siyi, LIU Shuoqian, TIAN Na Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 159-172.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.002 Abstract （454）      PDF（pc） （2179KB）（1602）       Knowledge map    Save NUDIX hydrolase belongs to pyrophosphatase, which plays an important role in information transmission, plant growth coordination and responses to adversity stresses. In this study, 43 NUDIX family genes were identified based on the tea (Camellia sinensis) genome, and analyzed by bioinformatics and fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results show that the protein molecular weight of 43 CsNUDXs rang from 11.8~89.2 kDa, with 102 to 342 amino acids. The theoretical isoelectric point was from 4.49 to 9.26, and 18.6% of them were stable proteins. According to the evolutionary relationship, CsNUDXs is divided into six subfamilies. Cis-acting element analysis of promoter shows that CsNUDXs have many functional elements related to hormone response, adversity stress, growth and development. The expression patterns of CsNUDXs in different organs were analyzed. It was found that the expression levels of CsNUDX3 and CsNUDX7 were high in fruits, while the expression levels of CsNUDX22 and CsNUDX25 were extremely low in fruits, and the expression level of CsNUDX30 was extremely low in old leaves. In addition, the results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR show that the expression levels of CsNUDXs, such as CsNUDX1, CsNUDX2 and CsNUDX33 increased first, then decreased and then increased under the treatment of 1 mmol·L-1 MeJA. However, under the treatment of 1 mmol·L-1 SA, the expression levels of CsNUDX4, CsNUDX12 and CsNUDX22 decreased first, then increased and then decreased. While under the treatment of 300 mmol·L-1 NaCl, the expression levels of CsNUDX2, CsNUDX4 and CsNUDX22 increased first and then decreased. In summary, the basic characteristics and functions of CsNUDXs were preliminarily analyzed by bioinformatics technology, and it was found that CsNUDXs could respond to high salt stress, MeJA and SA treatments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Classification and Identification of Different Aromatics in Tea Made from Different Cultivar of Fenghuang Dancong ZHOU Chunjuan, ZHUANG Donghong, GUO Shoujun, ZHU Hui, MA Ruijun, WU Qinghan Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (6): 609-616.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.06.023 Abstract （992）      PDF（pc） （837KB）（1546）       Knowledge map    Save The volatile compositions of 17 kinds of Fenghuang Dancong Tea with different aromatics were analyzed using a combination of simultaneous distillation extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SDE-GC/MS), then compared with their ancestor, narcissus series tea, and the non-narcissus series tea. The results showed that according to the aroma pattern similar to or higher than the rate of 95% , they are classified into seven aroma patterns: Huangzhi aroma(gardenia Magnolia fragrance), Xingren aroma(almond fragrance), Milan aroma (honey-orchid fragrance), Zhilan aroma(iris orchid fragrance), Yulan aroma(magnolia fragrance), Juduozai whose aroma pattern was not identified and Gong aroma. The similarity are different not only between each aromatics and varieties, but also between each aromatics and their original variety. By analyzing the difference in the aroma components of different Fenghuang Dancong tea with same aroma pattern, it showed that Dancong tea with different aroma pattern has content differences on the common components, and each also has its characteristic components. For example, the isoeugenol in the Dancong tea with Zhilan aroma, α-cadinol in the Huangzhi aroma, torreyol, β-ionone and caryophyllene in the Milan aroma and the 4-terpenol in the Juduozai Dancong tea, and methyl anthranilate of the Gong aroma. These components may be the characteristic aroma composition in the respective Fenghuang Dancong tea, and can be used as one of the important basis in the aroma pattern classification in the Fenghuang Dancong tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Effects of Key Genes of Jasmonic Acid Synthesis and Transduction Pathway in Tea Plant on Terpenoids during Oolong Tea Processing LU Li, ZHAN Dongmei, ZHOU Chengzhe, ZHU Chen, XIE Siyi, XU Kai, TIAN Caiyun, LAI Zhongxiong, GUO Yuqiong Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 91-108.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.007 Abstract （412）      PDF（pc） （3811KB）（1524）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, we analyzed the key genes of jasmonic acid synthesis and signal transduction pathway in tea plants, explored their expression patterns and investigated their effects on the formation of terpenoids during oolong tea processing. There are 11 key gene families in this pathway, including 133 candidate genes. The analysis of cis-acting elements shows that the promoter regions of the key genes of the pathway contained a large number of cis-acting elements, including jasmonic acid response, damage response and anaerobic induction response. qRT-PCR analysis shows that most of the genes of this pathway showed an upward trend during the withering process, reached the highest in the second shaking process, significantly decreased in the fourth shaking process, and slightly increased in the process before green removal, and the key genes of this pathway could respond to various stresses during oolong tea processing. HS-SPME-GC-MS detected 73 terpenoids, mainly including linalool, geraniol and α-farnesene and other substances with flower and fruit flavor. Correlation analysis shows that CsLOX11, CsLOX12, CsAOS2, CsAOC1, CsACX4, CsACX8, CsMYC2-4, CsMYC2_15, CsMYC2_21 and β-pinene, limonene and myrcene are positively correlated, and CsOPR2, CsTPL6 and CsLUG4 are positively correlated with trans nerolidol, α-farnesene and ionone, among which CsTPL6 was significantly positively correlated with 35 terpenoids. In summary, the key genes of jasmonic acid synthesis and signal transduction pathway of tea plants are involved in regulating the formation of terpenoids during oolong tea processing, and this study laid a foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism of aroma formation during oolong tea processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Review on the Technique of Tea Decaffeination XU Yong-quan, YIN Jun-feng, YUAN Hai-bo, CHEN Jian-xin, WANG Fang Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.01.001 Abstract （928）      PDF（pc） （367KB）（1511）       Knowledge map    Save It is reported that tea has many medical functions. However, consumers prefer decaffeinated tea and tea products due to caffeine’s negative disadvantageous. Decaffeination is realized by different methods, including the traditional methods such as water decaffeination, solvent extraction, adsorption separating and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The recent developmental microbial and enzymatic degradation and breeding low caffeine tea varieties are also developed for removal of caffeine. The investigation on tea decaffeination was reviewed, and the feasibility was discussed in this paper. The techniques of water decaffeination combined with adsorption separating, microbial and enzymatic degradation as well as low caffeine tea breeding were regarded as the main developmental direction of tea decaffeination by the authors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(15) Select Sensory Characteristics of Tea Polyphenols and It’s Effects on Astringency of Tea TONG Hua-rong, JIN Xiao-fang, GONG Xue-lian Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (2): 79-86.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.02.001 Abstract （834）      PDF（pc） （483KB）（1457）       Knowledge map    Save There are a large amount of tea polyphenols in tea. Tea polyphenols show great effects on astringency of tea taste. Astringency is the principal sensory notes of tea tastes, and show a great influence on the total sensory quality of tea. This paper reviews the sensory characteristics of tea polyphenols, analysis of astringency and the effects of tea polyphenols on astringency of tea infusions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Type and Mode of the Development of Tea Culture Resource SHEN Xuezheng, SU Zhucheng, WANG Xufeng Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 299-306.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.015 Abstract （564）      PDF（pc） （670KB）（1444）       Knowledge map    Save Chinese tea culture converged the local economy and agriculture to form the tea cultural industry. Based on the theory of cultural resource, this thesis divided the tea culture heritage resources into 5 major types. And further more, we subdivided it into 15 basic categories. Meanwhile, in view of the different types of tea cultural heritage resources, we put forward 13 main development mode, which promote the regional economy and advance the tea industry transformation and upgrading. Then, taking Fujian Province, Wuyi area, TAETEA as the case, respectively, we summed up 3 kinds of development mode of tea cultural heritage resource, from a province, a region, a business point of view, namely comparative advantage model, point axis development model and the extended model industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select The Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Stephanitis chinensis YANG Jinhong, XIE Manchao, WEN Xinru, CHEN Ruiru, KONG Weiqing Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 839-850.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.007 Abstract （391）      PDF（pc） （2159KB）（1434）       Knowledge map    Save In order to obtain the characteristics of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) and explore phylogenetic relationship, the mitogenome sequence of Stephanitis chinensis collected from Ankang city, Shaanxi Province was determined by Illumina and Sanger sequencing methods. The result shows that the mitogenome of S. chinensis is 18 085 bp in length, including 37 coding genes [13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs], and one control region of 3 678 bp. The gene organization of S. chinensis is the same as the ancestral gene order of insect mitogenome. The AT content of whole mitogenome is 78.10%. Among the 13 PCGs, six start with the typical ATG, seven start with ATT or ATA, and ten end with the typical TAA or TAG. Only cox2, atp6 and cox3 terminate with T. The highly occurred codons in the PCGs are UUA, AUU, UUU and AUA, and the top 4 amino acids are Leu, Ile, Phe and Ser. There are 23 mismatches of GU, UU, GA and AA in 22 tRNAs. All the tRNAs could form the common clover-leaf secondary structures, except trnS1(GCU), which lacks the DHU arm. The control region contains 3 type of non-tandem repeats and 4 (TTAG)n in the front-end region (FER) and one tandem repeat in the back-end region (BER), and several stem-loop structures. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Stephanitis mendica has the closest relationship with S. chinensis. All the insects from Tingidae were clustered together, and placed at the base part of the phylogenetic tree. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis on the Competitiveness and Complementarity of Tea Trade between China and RCEP Members LI Zheng, LIU Ding, HUO Zenghui, CHEN Fuqiao Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 740-752.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.010 Abstract （1501）      PDF（pc） （532KB）（1386）       Knowledge map    Save The signing of RCEP had facilitated intra-regional trade liberalization. It is of great practical significance to investigate the impact of RCEP on China's tea import and export trade. Based on the tea trade data of China and other RCEP members from 2011 to 2020, combining the analysis of the current situation of intra-regional import and export trade, this study calculated several indicators such as revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), export similarity index (ESI), trade complementarity index (TCI), trade intensity index (TI) and intra-industry trade index (GL) to measure the competitiveness and complementarity of bilateral tea trade. The results indicate that the tea export competitions between China, Vietnam and Indonesia were more prominent. China's tea export had long-term comparative advantages, and the comparative advantages of green tea export were obvious, while the comparative advantages of China's export of large packaged black tea lag behind Indonesia and Vietnam. China's tea export was highly similar to Japan, Thailand, Singapore and South Korea, and had strong competitiveness in export structure. In addition, the tea trade between China and New Zealand, Brunei, Australia was highly complementary. China's tea trade with Indonesia, New Zealand and Vietnam was mainly intra-industry trade in some years, while with Australia and Myanmar was mainly inter-industry trade. Finally, under the framework of RCEP agreement, strategies including expanding potential markets, dealing with technical barriers to trade and optimizing export structure were proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select An Analysis of the Spiritual Core and Value of the Chinese Tea Culture: A Case Study of Etiquette, Customs, Ceremonies and Traditions of Chinese Tea ZHOU Zhixiu, XUE Chen, RUAN Haogeng Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (2): 272-284.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210406.001 Abstract （1233）      PDF（pc） （555KB）（1349）       Knowledge map    Save In the Chinese tea cultural system, the etiquette, customs, ceremonies and literatures of tea are interactive and complementary, which build up the major part of Chinese tea culture and become important media of its spiritual core as well. In this paper, the etiquette, customs, ceremonies and literatures of Chinese tea, as an example, are disserted in the aspects of its historical formation and forms. On the basis of previous research, the spirit of Chinese tea culture is investigated, of which the core is concluded as Harmony, Respect, Rectitude, Beauty and Reality, realizing the sublimation from the physical to the spiritual level. The inheritance, promotion and development of Chinese tea culture and its spiritual core are of critically important era value for guiding the construction of socialist core value, firming the confidence in national culture and building a harmonious society. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis on Development Scale ofChineseTea Industry in 2020 JIANG Yong-wen, CHEN Xiao-xiong, ZHU Jian-miao, YANG Shuang-xu Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (3): 273-282.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.03.013 Abstract （745）      PDF（pc） （374KB）（1341）       Knowledge map    Save This paper analyzed achievements and developing factors of Chinese tea industry since the 21th century and made predictive parsing to the external environment, supplying ability and demand of tea in five to ten years. It was considered, though the development of Chinese tea industry was restricted by market demand and production factors, that it would have a relative broad space for development. Chinese tea industry could develop steadily in future on the conditions to solve its present issues, grasp market chance, improve competitive ability and quicken the pace of upgrade. It was predicted that the total tea output of China would be 1785000 tons in 2015 and 2200000 tons in 2020. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11) Select Regulatory Effect and Mechanism of EGCG on Metabolic Disorders in High-fructose Diet Mice ZHOU Jihong, CHEN Wei, DING Lejia, WANG Yuefei Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 399-410.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.012 Abstract （345）      PDF（pc） （3419KB）（1314）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on high-fructose diet-induced metabolic disorders. Fifteen male SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal diet group (NCD), high-fructose diet group (HFD), and high-fructose diet supplemented with 1% EGCG group (HFE), with 5 mice in each group. After 8 weeks of feeding, the body weight, energy utilization rate, ALT and AST levels, as well as tissue morphology staining of the mice were measured. Furthermore, hepatic TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and intestinal IL-6 inflammatory cytokine levels were detected by ELISA. The expressions of Srebp-1c, Tlr4, Myd88 in liver and Zo-1, Occludin, Tlr4 and Myd88 in intestine were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin were detected by IHC. The results show that dietary supplementation of EGCG could effectively reduce high-fructose diet-induced body weight gain, fat accumulation, hepatic and intestinal inflammatory responses, and could improve the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the expression of Zo-1 and the protein expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin. It also modulated lipid metabolism by reducing the expression level of Srebp-1c in liver, and downregulated the expression levels of inflammatory-related genes (Tlr4 and Myd88) in colon and liver. The results above suggest that dietary supplementation of EGCG has a preventive effect on high-fructose diet-induced metabolic disorders and inflammatory responses, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the gut-liver axis mediated by the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on the Bitterness of Green Tea MA Yuanyuan, CAO Qingqing, GAO Yizhou, LIU Yuyi, DENG Sihan, YIN Junfeng, XU Yongquan Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 1-16.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.001 Abstract （964）      PDF（pc） （602KB）（1302）       Knowledge map    Save Tea, as a hobby drink, the flavor is its first quality attribute. The presentation of its taste is the comprehensive perception effect of the human taste organs on the flavor components in tea infusion, which is generally manifested as bitter, astringent, fresh, sweet and other sensory experiences. Among them, bitterness is the most easily perceived taste attribute, and as a crucial factor affecting the flavor quality of tea. Meanwhile, due to the bitter taste, summer and autumn tea resources are faced with the dilemma of large abandonment, resulting in a great waste of resources. Based on this, this paper reviewed the physiological basis of bitter perception and the evaluation methods of bitter taste perception. Taking green tea infusion as the main carrier, the bitter taste components of tea were systematically integrated, and the interaction effect between other taste monomers and bitter compounds, as well as the regulatory mechanism of post-treatment on the bitter taste of tea infusion were discussed. It was expected to enrich the theoretical basis of taste chemistry and clarify the flavor characteristics of bitter compounds of tea, the taste mechanism and the interaction effect between taste substances, and provide theoretical reference for promoting the high-value utilization and taste regulation of summer and autumn tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Expression Analysis and Functional Identification of CsTT2 R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor in Tea Plants WANG Yuyuan, LIU Renjian, LIU Shaoqun, SHU Canwei, SUN Binmei, ZHENG Peng Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 463-476.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.005 Abstract （514）      PDF（pc） （2544KB）（1272）       Knowledge map    Save Catechin is one of the most characteristic secondary metabolites in tea plants and the main component affecting tea quality and flavor. It possessesrich pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-virus, lipid lowering and weight loss, etc. In this study, the function of a catechin biosynthetic regulator CsTT2 was preliminarily identified using phylogenetic analysis, gene expression pattern analysis and molecular biology experiments. The results show that CsTT2 was a R2R3-MYB transcription factor that shares a branch withthe MYB transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana that regulates secondary metabolites. The expression levels of CsTT2 and catechin biosynthesis genes were relatively high in the apical bud tissue of tea plants with higher total catechin content. The results of subcellular localization, yeast assay and dual luciferase reporting system further reveal that CsTT2 was located into the nucleus and the protein it encodes possessed transcriptional activation capacity. CsTT2 could bind to the promoter of a key catechin biosynthetic gene ANR to activate its expression. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Characteristics of Fungal Community Structure in Tea Rhizosphere Soil Interplanted with Ganoderma lucidum Based on High-throughput Sequencing Technology HAN Haidong, ZHOU Liuting, HUANG Xiaoyun, YU Chengran, HUANG Xiusheng Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (4): 513-524.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.009 Abstract （356）      PDF（pc） （1541KB）（1272）       Knowledge map    Save The tea plantation with Ganoderma lucidum is an ecological cycle intercropping model of resource utilization of tea processing waste, and the composite community formed can cover the ground more thoroughly and play an important role in improving the soil microbial community structure and maintaining the balance of soil microbiological system. In this study, we investigated the changes of tea rhizosphere soil fungal community structure in uncropped (CK), intercropping 1 year (A1), intercropping 2 years (A2) and intercropping 3 years (A3) using Miseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that: (1) compared with CK, interplanting Ganoderma lucidum significantly increased the contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic carbon in tea rhizosphere soil, with soil of A3 having the highest increase, reaching 32.36%, 13.01%, 69.21% and 9.56%, respectively. (2) The α diversity index shows that the observed species and Chao1 index of tea rhizosphere soil fungal community were CK>A3>A1>A2. ACE index, Shannon index and Simpson index showed A3>CK>A1>A2. (3) The β diversity index shows that the composition and structure of fungal community in tea rhizosphere soil of A2 were relatively different from those of CK, A1 and A3. (4) Through taxonomic analysis, it is found that tea rhizosphere soil fungi were distributed in 18 phyla, 48 classes, 135 orders, 309 families and 632 genera. At phylum level, Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of CK, A1 and A3, with relative abundances of 71.28%, 68.74% and 51.79%, respectively. Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum of A2 with a relative abundance of 64.48%. At the genus level, compared with CK, the contents of Ceratobasidium, Mortierella, Piedraia and Saitozyma in A1 were significantly increased by 59.14, 1.34, 3.70 and 1.92 times, respectively (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Archaeorhizomyces in A2 decreased significantly by 76.81%, while that of Tomentella and Cladophialophora increased by 788.43 and 36.24 times, respectively (P<0.05). The Mortierella and Ganoderma in A3 soil significantly increased 1.09 and 0.81 times, respectively (P<0.05). In summary, the interplanting Ganoderma lucidum in tea gardens can effectively regulate the composition and structure of tea rhizosphere soil fungal community, improve the soil micro-ecological environment and this study provided a theoretical basis for the technical model to promote the sustainable green development of tea plantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Review on Aroma Change during Black Tea Processing LIU Fei, WANG Yun, ZHANG Ting, TANG Xiaobo, WANG Xiaoping, LI Chunhua Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 9-19.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.002 Abstract （956）      PDF（pc） （772KB）（1261）       Knowledge map    Save Aroma, as an important character of black tea, influences the intuitive judgment of tea drinkers. Black tea got various scents by the volatile compounds from glycosides hydrolyzation, carotenoids and lipids degradation, Maillard reaction pathway, and caramelization reaction. This paper reviewed the influencing factors involved in aroma formation during black tea processing from fresh tea leaves, withering, rolling, fermentation, to drying. The prospects for future research trends of black tea aroma were also suggested. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Leaching Pattern of Internal Substances and Xenobiotic Pollutants during Tea Brewing CHEN Hongping, LIU Xin, LU Chengyin, QIU Jing Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 63-76.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200117.008 Abstract （1328）      PDF（pc） （497KB）（1247）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the recent literatures, the dissolving, releasing and transformation patterns of tea internal compounds and exogenous contaminants were summarized and discussed in this study. Physicochemical properties of chemicals and tea brewing methods are the internal and external cause affecting extraction rates of chemicals during tea brewing. Internal cause plays a crucial role in extraction rates, while external cause is more prominent for the leaching of tea internal substances. Water solubility of chemicals is positively correlated with extraction rates, while octanol-water partition is negatively correlated with extraction rates. Increasing water temperature is helpful for increasing extraction rates of chemicals and their concentrations in tea infusion. Brewing time is negatively correlated with extraction rates in a period of time, while the concentrations of chemicals in tea infusion increase with the brewing time. Compared with other pesticides, most of neonicotine pesticides and carbamate pesticides have higher extraction rates over 60%. The results of extraction rates of metal elements in tea infusion are quite different, and extraction rates of fluorine, nickel and cobalt have high extraction rates over 50%, while extraction rates of lead range from 20% to 50%. Metabonomic analysis based-high resolution mass spectrometry technique is a promising and powerful method for profiling extracting pattern of chemicals during tea brewing. Meanwhile, extracting behavior of toxic compounds during tea brewing will be deeply understood by using thermodynamic theory and kinetic model of mass extraction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study and Prospect of Soil Acidification Causes and Improvement Measures in Tea Plantation FAN Zhanhui, TANG Xiaojun, ZHENG Dan, YANG Qin, CHEN Guangnian, LI Xiaowen, SUN Jiabin Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 15-25.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200117.006 Abstract （1310）      PDF（pc） （364KB）（1220）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the acidification of tea garden soil has become increasingly serious due to the influences of internal and external factors. Soil acidification of tea plantation mainly manifests as soil structural deterioration, reduced fertility and increased heavy metal content. These variations can affect the growth and development of tea trees and reduce the tea quality, and may even harm human health, seriously threaten the sustainable development of tea plantation. This paper reviewed the research advance on soil acidification of tea plantations in recent years, summarized the causes, harms and improvement measures for soil acidification, and finally proposed the future research directions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Nomenclature, Typification, and Natural Distribution of Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Theaceae) ZHAO Dongwei Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 491-499.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.007 Abstract （1032）      PDF（pc） （547KB）（1214）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Theaceae) is a globally cultivated plant for beverages. The efforts to clarify its nomenclature and type are reviewed here. Griffith proposed Camellia sect. Thea (L.) Griff. as a name at new rank rather than a new taxon in 1854 based on Art. 41.4 of the Shenzhen Code. Camellia sealyana T.L. Ming is excluded from sect. Thea because of its abaxially punctate leaves and free styles. Masters did not validly publish Thea assamica in 1844, but this Latin name was validated in 1847 by Hooker. Steenis first proposed the new combination, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze var. assamica (Hook.) Steenis, in 1949, and this is the accurate scientific name for Assam tea. The specimen, W. Griffith s.n. (K000939670) at herbarium K, was designated as the neotype of T. assamica in 2021. Seven known heterotypic synonyms of C. sinensis var. assamica and their protologues and types were summarized here. Although Darlington and Ammal proposed the new combination, C. assamica, in 1945, Assam tea is, however, widely accepted as a variety of C. sinensis based on morphological, geological, and phylogenetic analyses. If the specific rank was applied, the earlier heterotypic name of Assam tea, C. theifera published in 1838, would gain priority over C. assamica. Then the widely used epithet “assamica” might be conserved under Art. 14 of the Shenzhen Code. The natural distribution of Assam tea was summarized based on the comprehensive examination of specimens collected from China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. The status of natural populations of Assam tea in each country was discussed with the different applications of utilization and conservation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Tea Beer CHEN Dequan, ZHU Yan, ZOU Chun, YIN Junfeng, CHEN Jianxin, XU Yongquan Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (2): 169-178.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.005 Abstract （983）      PDF（pc） （708KB）（1210）       Knowledge map    Save Tea beer is a new type of beer, obtained by adding tea or tea extract in the brewing process with the dual flavor characteristics of tea and beer. The development of tea beer would not only enrich the types, flavors, and physiological effects of beer, but also improve the utilization rate and additional value of tea resources and benefit for the common development of tea and beer industries. However, the studies of tea beer on pretreatment of raw materials, fermentation and clarification technologies were still not mature. Therefore, this paper systemically summarized the processing technologies of tea beer, including the pretreatment of raw materials, fermentation and clarification technologies. Based on that, we made the prospects for the future of tea beer, aiming to provide a reference for the research and development of tea beer in depth. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening and Identification of Strains against Fusarium solani Isolated from Camellia sinensis and Analysis of its Biocontrol and Growth Promotion Characteristics DENG Xiaoxu, XIE Xia, PAN Yamei, ZHAO Fenghua, JIANG Shuangfeng, XU Wen, ZHANG Jie, SUN Runhong, XIA Mingcong, YANG Lirong Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 67-77.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.005 Abstract （436）      PDF（pc） （973KB）（1207）       Knowledge map    Save Fusarium solani is a pathogen that could cause collar canker and dieback of Camellia sinensis. To obtain strains with strong antagonistic activity against F. solani, a total of 56 endophytic strains were isolated and purified from healthy leaves of tea trees collected from a tea garden in Xinxian, Xinyang, Henan province by dilution plate method and were screened in dual cultures with F. solani. The strain was identified based on morphological characteristics, physiological, biochemical and molecular tests. Biocontrol and growth-promoting traits and antibacterial spectrum test were also detected. The effects on the mycelial growth of F. solani were evaluated by ferment product and volatile test by buckle culture. The results show that strain YB-1476 exhibited the strongest antagonistic activity against F. solani with growth inhibition rate of 63.31% and was identified as Bacillus velezensis. Strain YB-1476 could produce siderophore, indoleacetic acid, and be able to secrete β-1,3-glucanase, cellulase and solubilize phosphorus. Furthermore, strain YB-1476 displayed strong antagonistic activity against Bipolaris sorokinana, Fusarium graminearum PH-1, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Alternaria solani and growth inhibition rates were 65.03%, 42.32%, 51.67%, 52.33% and 63.22%, respectively. In addition, ferment products show that the growth inhibition rates of the original fermentation broth, 10-fold, and 100-fold dilutions were 66.67%, 51.85%, 18.52%, respectively and the volatile test shows that growth inhibition rate against F. solani was 53.37%. The above results demonstrate that B. velezensis YB-1476 is a strain with great application potential to control collar canker and dieback of tea trees. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Bioactivities and Synthesis of Theanine LU Yi, GUO Wen-fei, NI Jie-er, YANG Xian-qiang Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 1-5.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.001 Abstract （697）      PDF（pc） （451KB）（1180）       Knowledge map    Save The recent researches have found that theanine, an unique and important component in tea plants, has many bioactivities, and made it get more and more attention. The property, bioactivities, and industrial preparation of theanine are reviewed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(58) Select Analysis of the Effect of Different Full Firing Methods on the Aroma of Jinmudan Congou Black Tea Based on Sensomics Characterization WEI Hao, LAN Tianmeng, MIAO Yiwen, MENG Qing, KUN Jirui, ZHANG Yu, TONG Huarong Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 109-123.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.010 Abstract （503）      PDF（pc） （1412KB）（1161）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effect of different full firing methods on the aroma of black tea, four full firing methods, namely high temperature (80 ℃), low temperature (40 ℃), dehydrated hot air (heat pump) and vacuum freezing, were used to process Congou black tea samples using the fresh autumn tea leaves of ‘Jinmudan’. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), odor activity value (OAV), aroma character impact value (ACI) and aroma evaluation methods were used to compare the types and contents of key aroma compounds and their contribution to the aroma of black tea by different full firing methods. The results show that there were significant differences between the four full firing methods in terms of aroma type, classes and content of aroma compounds. The results of aroma evaluation show that: high temperature dried black tea showed an unpleasant sulky odor. Low temperature dried black tea showed no floral odor and a heavy grassy odor. Heat pump dried black tea showed a refreshing floral odor. Vacuum freezing dried black tea showed a harmonious odor with good retention of floral and fruit odor and no grassy odor. The contents of linalool and its oxides, which were determined as active aroma components by OAV and GC-O, were significantly lower in low temperature full-fired black tea. While the contents of active aromas such as (Z)-2-pentenol, which present a grassy aroma, were significantly higher than that of traditional high temperature full-fired black tea, and the contents of linalool and its oxides, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, methyl salicylate, geraniol, etc., which show floral and fruit aromas in heat pump full-fired black tea, were significantly higher than that of traditional high-temperature full-fired black tea. The contents and contribution of linalool and its oxides, benzaldehyde, benzylaldehyde, methyl salicylate, geraniol and (Z)-2-pentenol, which show floral and fruity aromas, were higher in black tea full-fired by heat pump than in black tea full-fired by other full firing methods. The results of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable importance in projection (VIP) show that the OPLS-DA model was reliable and 19 compounds with VIP value higher than 1 were screened. The results show that both heat pump and freeze-drying technologies can effectively reduce the sulky aroma of traditional high temperature full firing processes and can be used to improve the floral and fruit aroma of black tea. This study provided a technical reference and theoretical guidance for the improvement of aroma quality in black tea and process selection in processing practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Main Physical Properties of Tea Leaves in High-quality Green Tea Processing LI Chen, AI Zeyi, YU Zhi, CHEN Yuqiong, NI Dejiang Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 705-714.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.009 Abstract （1080）      PDF（pc） （580KB）（1149）       Knowledge map    Save Taking one bud and one bud with one leaf of tea as the test materials, the variations of physical properties of tea leaves such as bulk density, texture and tensile properties in needle-shaped green tea processing were studied by the method of constant weight and graduated cylinder, TPA and stress-strain tensile test. As a result, the bulk density of tea leaves was first increased and then decreased, with the peak in the rolled leaves (water content 56%-58%). it was sharply decreased during the post-forming, fixing and drying processes. The plasticity presented the same trend with the maximum appeared in the rolling process. It then remained a high level in the forming process (water content 58%-23%), and declined significantly during the fixing and drying processes. The trend of elasticity was opposite to the plasticity, with the lowest level in the rolling and forming processes (water content 58%-23%). Less variation was observed in flexibility during the whole processing. The tensile process of tea leaves undergoed linear, nonlinear and plastic deformation to fracture stages. The trend of maximum force was decreased first and then increased (water content 56%-57%). The tensile strength was increased during the whole processing. The elastic modulus varied a little before the rolling process and then increased significantly. The correlation analysis shows that the tensile strength of tea leaves was significantly and negatively correlated with water content in the processing, and the diversification of main physical properties of one bud and one bud with one leaf in processing were not exactly the same. Besides the similar level of plasticity and flexibility, the bulk density, elasticity and maximum force of one bud were higher than that of one bud with one leaf. While the plasticity, tensile strength and elastic modulus showed an opposite trend. In the whole processing, apart from the similar level of plasticity and flexibility, the bulk density and elasticity of one bud in each process were higher than that of one bud with one leaf, but the elastic modulus and tensile strength showed an opposite trend. the maximum force of one bud with one leaf was significantly higher than that of one bud after the rolling process. In conclusion, the differences in raw materials should be emphasized in the principles of mechanical design and processing techniques. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Cellulase and Pectinase in the Extraction of Tea Leaves GONG Yu-lei, WEI Chun, WANG Zhi-biao, SHEN Xue-liang Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 311-321.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.004 Abstract （1030）      PDF（pc） （1179KB）（1132）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is one of the most widely consumed soft beverages. Tea beverages more excellent in flavor and formation of less deposits are more preferred. With the development of modern biotechnology, the microbial enzymes are applied in the extraction process of tea leaves. The cell walls of tea leaf and proteins are easy to be hydrolyzed, and the formation of precipitates can be avoided. The extract yields of polyphenols, thearubigins and amino acids were increased. And the tea qualities including color, odour and flavor improved accordingly. In this article, the hydrolytic enzymes including cellulase, pectinase, tannase and protease are introduced in detail, and their applications in tea extraction process are reviewed. The prospects of complex enzymes system in tea extraction process are also previewed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Research Progress in Flavor Chemistry of Chinese Dark Tea HE Huafeng, ZHU Hongkai, DONG Chunwang, YE Yang, GUI Anhui, GAO Mingzhu Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (2): 121-129.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.003 Abstract （741）      PDF（pc） （674KB）（1099）       Knowledge map    Save As the unique kind of tea, Chinese dark tea characterize with the tasty and stale aroma which refers to the pile fermentation. This review summarized the recent progress in flavor chemistry research of Chinese dark tea. Analyzed with the chemistry property of the aroma components, derivatives of methoxyl benzene and allylaldehyde were clarified as the characteristic components of the flavor of Chinese dark tea. Subsequently, as well as microorganism, the effect of the processing procedure, such as pile fermentation, drying, storage and et al, on the aroma quality were declared. Also, the affection of the raw material and the extraction method of flavor were indicated. Therefore, separation and characterization of the characteristic flavor compounds, the transformation mechanism of the functional group on the skeleton of aroma molecular and the participation of microorganism in the formation of the flavor of Chinese dark tea will be the research topic in future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 57-61.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.012 Abstract （533）      PDF（pc） （41KB）（1098）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparative Study of the Aroma Components of Several Oolong Teas JI Weibin, LIU Panpan, XU Yongquan, JIANG Yongwen, CHEN Jianxin, YIN Junfeng Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (5): 523-530.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.05.011 Abstract （773）      PDF（pc） （900KB）（1092）       Knowledge map    Save Oolong teas are mainly produced in the south and north of Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan, and they have unique aroma qualities in different producing districts. The sensory evaluation and HS-SPME/GC-MS were applied to analyze the aroma qualities and aroma components of typical Oolong teas from the four producing districts in this study. The results showed that, the main aroma components include alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, ester, hydrocarbon, phenols and nitrogenous compounds. However, the aroma components of the Oolong teas from different districts showed large differences. Trans-nerolidol (40.96%) and α-farnesene (20.00%) were found as the major aroma components of high-mountain Oolong tea from Taiwan. While trans-nerolidol (46.22%), indole (15.20%) and α-farnesene (23.01%) were found as the major aroma components of fresh scent-flavor Tieguanyin from south of Fujian province. Linalool and its oxidates (11.87%), ionones (5.26%) and 3-hexenyl ester, (z)-hexanoic acid (5.05%) were the major aroma components of Shuixian from north of Fujian province, and trans-nerolidol (31.43%) and indole (35.83%) were found as the major aroma components of Wuye dancong from Guangdong province. The aroma Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Effects of Exogenous 5-ALA on the Chlorophyll Synthesis and Fluorescence Characteristics and Gene Expression of Key Enzymes in Tea Plants under Drought Stress YANG Ni, LI Yimin, Li Jingwen, TENG Ruimin, CHEN Yi, WANG Yahui, ZHUANG Jing Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (2): 187-199.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.010 Abstract （503）      PDF（pc） （667KB）（1090）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the regulation mechanism of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on the chlorophyll synthesis and fluorescence characteristics of tea plants in response to drought stress, tea cultivar 'Shuchazao' was used as the experimental material in this study. Under PEG-6000 simulated drought stress environment and 5-ALA spraying pretreatment, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in tea seedling leaves were detected, and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the expressions of key enzyme genes in tea leaves were further determined. The results show that exogenous 5-ALA significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in tea leaves under drought stress. Exogenous 5-ALA alleviated the decreases of maximum fluorescence (Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ [Y(Ⅱ)], maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), potential activity of PSⅡ(Fv/Fo), photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR) of PSⅡ reaction center, and the increases of initial fluorescence (Fo) and nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (qN). At the same time, exogenous 5-ALA induced the expressions of chlorophyll synthesis (CsHEMA1, CsHEME1, CsLIN2) and carbon assimilation-related enzymes (CsSBPase, CsTK) in tea plant under drought stress. The study demonstrates that spraying exogenous 5-ALA can effectively alleviate the degradation of chlorophyll and damage to PSⅡ reaction center of tea leaves under drought stress, maintain the higher photosynthetic activity, and improve the photoprotection ability of tea leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Review on the Regulation Technique of Withering Process and the Change in Physical and Chemical Properties of Leaves HUA Jin-jie, YUAN Hai-bo, JIANG Yong-wen, LIU Ping, WANG Wei-wei Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (5): 465-472.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.05.005 Abstract （840）      PDF（pc） （569KB）（1085）       Knowledge map    Save The withering is an important process of fermented tea, such as black tea and oolong tea, significantly affected the sensory quality of tea. With water constantly lost in the withering process, the respiration of fresh leaf is carrying on continuously, the endoplasmic components are also dramatically changed and the physical characteristics of withering leaves are also prompted to change. All of these provided specific substances and leaves basis for the follow-up processes and the quality of finished tea. This paper illustrates the dynamic variation of the physical properties and biochemical components in the withering process, and conducted a systemic review on the regulation and control technology on the key parameters of current withering. The facility withering technology, which can accurately control these parameters including environment conditions, such as temperature, humidity, light conditions and aeration conditions, will become the important direction of withering development in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16) Select Review and Prospect on the Research of Spider Ecology in Chinese Tea Garden GAO Yu, SUN Xiao-ling, JIN Shan, ZHANG Zheng-qun, BIAN Lei, LUO Zong-xiu, CHEN Zong-mao Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (2): 160-166.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.02.001 Abstract （599）      PDF（pc） （629KB）（1056）       Knowledge map    Save Spiders which are abundant in Chinese tea plantations are the most important species of natural enemy for controlling the populations of many pests. Spider ecology in tea gardens of china was corresponding to the investigation on the development of pest control by spiders. The spider taxa and the dynamics on major pests population in tea gardens, community diversity of spiders, the influences of cultivation and methods of management to the community diversity, the impact of ecological factors on the spider, predatory behavior ecology and chemical ecology of spider were briefly reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the new development of spider ecology in tea gardens of china in recent years was also summarized. Chemical ecology of spider would be an important aspect on the research and development of biological control in tea garden in future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Advances in Research on the Regulation of Tea Polyphenols and Effects on Intestinal Flora ZHOU Fang, OUYANG Jian, HUANG Jian'an, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 619-630.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.001 Abstract （937）      PDF（pc） （604KB）（1051）       Knowledge map    Save Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an abnormal multi-metabolic disease that comprises a combination of various diseases such as hypertension, abnormal blood sugar, dyslipidemia and obesity. Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the characteristics secondary metabolites in tea leaves. The latest studies show that TPs can improve the disorder of gut flora (GF) and modulate the co-metabolism of Host-GF by the intervention & treatment to achieve the goal of improving MS. This paper systematically summarized the absorption and metabolism of TPs and the effects of TPs on GF in in vitro fermentation models, animal experiments, and clinical trials. The underlying mechanism among TPs-GF-Host was described, which would facilitate further exploring the effects of TPs on human health based on the theory of intestinal flora and developing functional products of TPs. In addition, it also provided theoretical foundation for developing functional products associating with TPs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1999, 19 (02): 93-103.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1999.02.003 Abstract （854）      PDF（pc） （3755KB）（1045）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress and Prospect on Computer Vision Technology Application in Tea Production HUANG Fan, LIU Fei, WANG Yun, LUO Fan Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 81-87.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.009 Abstract （1102）      PDF（pc） （578KB）（1043）       Knowledge map    Save As a non-destructive, real-time, fast, objective and economical detection method, computer vision technology had been gradually applied in tea production including cultivation, plant protection processing, evaluation and other fields, which had made great progress. This paper briefly described the principle, current status and development prospects of computer vision technology in tea industry, which provided a reference for further application of computer vision technology in tea industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on Colored Substances in Tea LONG Piaopiao, SU Shengxiao, ZHANG Liang Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 593-606.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.010 Abstract （778）      PDF（pc） （733KB）（1037）       Knowledge map    Save The color of tea leaves and infusions is an important attribute to tea flavor and quality. Colored substances contain chromophore and auxochrome groups, which contribute to producing different shades of green, yellow, and red hue in tea infusion. As the concentrations of colored substances increase, the tea infusions’ color will increase accordingly, presenting different colors such as yellowish-green, reddish-yellow and reddish-brown. Furthermore, fermentation (enzymatic oxidation) and drying stages during processing, as well as temperature, pH, and concentration in sensory evaluation, affect the color and brightness of tea infusions. This review revealed the color formation mechanisms by summarizing the chemical structures, color characteristics, coloration mechanisms and other factors of color substances in tea. It also provided a theoretical evidence for the quality improvement of tea flavor and the innovation of processing technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) Growth under Light Regulation GAI Shujie, WANG Yixiong, LI Lan, LIU Shuoqian, LI Yinhua, CHENG Xiao, XIA Mao, LIU Zhonghua, ZHOU Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 753-767.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.005 Abstract （832）      PDF（pc） （882KB）（1034）       Knowledge map    Save The growth and development of tea plants are affected by external environmental factors, and light is one of the most important factors, which can affect the growth and secondary metabolites of tea plants alone or in coordination with other environmental factors such as temperature, etc. This paper introduced the research progress of light regulation of tea plant growth and metabolic at domestic and abroad in recent years. The main points of discussion were the effects of different spectral bands, photon flux and photoperiod on tea plant growth, types and contents of metabolites. It’s mainly for clarifying the light regulated metabolic process of tea plant growth, analyzing the light regulated mechanism, and providing theoretical support for the development of light regulated metabolic technology that can be used in production practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on the Health Functions of Tea Polyphenols and Development of Healthy Foods WU Xin-rong, WANG Yue-fei, ZHANG Shi-kang, XU Ping, YANG Xian-qiang Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 501-505.   Abstract （814）      PDF（pc） （182KB）（1015）       Knowledge map    Save As a great natural antioxidant, tea polyphenols (TP) and its health function has been one of hot-topic studies at home and abroad. This paper reviewed the new outcomes of epidemiological and clinical studies on tea and health, which including prevention and treatment of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases by TP. Meanwhile the current development and prospects on healthy foods of TP were also mentioned. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(14) Select Tea Buds Detection Model Using Improved YOLOv4-tiny FANG Mengrui, LÜ Jun, RUAN Jianyun, BIAN Lei, WU Chuanyu, YAO Qing Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 549-560.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.009 Abstract （707）      PDF（pc） （1758KB）（1012）       Knowledge map    Save Precise detection of tea buds is a prerequisite for intelligent mechanical picking of tea. Aiming at the problems of poor salience and high missed detection rate of small-scale buds caused by different sizes of tea leaves and the cover of other tea leaves, this paper proposed a kind of tea buds detection model based on improved YOLOv4-tiny. In this model, a 52×52 shallow feature layer was added in the neck network to promote the attention of YOLOv4-tiny network to small target buds. A convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was introduced to suppress the background noise and improve the salience of buds, and a bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) was used to integrate characteristic information of different scales, so as to propose the YOLOv4-tiny-Tea, a high performance light weight tea buds detection model. The results of model training and performance testing on the same training set and test set show that for the YOLOv4-tiny-Tea model, the detection precision and recall rate were 97.77% and 95.23% respectively, which were 5.58% and 23.14% higher than those before modification. An ablation experiment verified the effectiveness of the modified network structure in detecting different scales of buds, and a comparison of YOLOv4-tiny-Tea model with three YOLO algorithms found that the F1 value of YOLOv4-tiny-Tea model was 12.11%, 11.66% and 6.76% higher than F1 values of YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and YOLOv5l models respectively. The number of parameters in YOLOv4-tiny-Tea model was merely 13.57%, 13.06% and 35.05% of the three network models. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper effectively improved the detection precision of buds under different scales, greatly reduced the missed detection rate of buds for small size or under shading, and significantly bettered the detection precision based on a lightweight computation overhead. Therefore, the method can meet the needs of agricultural robots for real-time detection and embedded development, thus providing a reference for intelligent tea buds picking. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of the Light-harvesting Chlorophyll-protein Complex Gene CsLhcb2 and Its Response to Low Temperature in Tea Plants HU Zhihang, QIN Zhiyuan, LI Jingwen, YANG Ni, CHEN Yi, LI Tong, ZHUANG Jing Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 183-193.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.007 Abstract （371）      PDF（pc） （1246KB）（1004）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is one of the important cash crop in China. Its growth and development will be affected by different adversity, leading to the decline of tea quality and yield. Light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex mainly affects the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, and also plays important roles in adaptation to environmental stresses. In order to study the characteristics of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex in tea plants, the gene CsLhcb2 encoding the light-harvesting protein complex was cloned from tea cultivar ‘Longjing 43’, and the sequence characteristics, phylogenetic tree, physical and chemical properties, subcellular localization, secondary structure, tertiary structure and its expression profiles under low temperature treatment were analyzed. The results show that the open reading frame of CsLhcb2 gene is 798 bp, encoding 265 amino acids. This gene contains a typical of Chloroa-b-bind conservation domain. The similarity of CsLHCB2 amino acid sequence with 15 plant species was 91.32%. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows that the CsLHCB2 protein of tea plant was closely related to Datura stramonium, Sedum alfredii and Vitis vinifera, and far from Dendrocalamus latiflorus and Phyllostachys edulis. The relative molecular weight of CsLHCB2 protein is 28 662.77 and the theoretical isoelectric point is 5.69, which belongs to hydrophilic protein. Subcellular localization prediction results show that CsLHCB2 protein is mainly located in chloroplasts. Quantitative RT-PCR results show that CsLhcb2 gene may participate in the process of low temperature stress in tea plants. Under normal temperature treatment, the relative expression level of CsLhcb2 gene showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing within a photoperiod (24 h). ‘Longjing 43’ and ‘Shuchazao’ reached their peak value at 1 h after light treatment, and 'Baiyeyihao' reached their peak value at 6 h after light treatment. Under low temperature of 4 ℃ treatment, the expression of Lhcb2 of the three tea cultivars all reached the peak at 12 h of light treatment, among which the expression level of CsLhcb2 in ‘Shuchazao’ was the highest, which was 1.18 and 1.98 times higher than that of ‘Longjing 43’ and ‘Baiyeyihao’, respectively. The results provided a reference for further research on the role of light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex response to low temperature in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Advances of Fluoride Accumulation Mechanisms in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) XING Anqi, WU Zichen, XU Xiaohan, SUN Yi, WANG Genmei, WANG Yuhua Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 301-315.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220416.003 Abstract （1239）      PDF（pc） （876KB）（999）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is a hyper fluoride (F) accumulation plant, whose F content in tea leaves is much higher than other plants, without any toxic symptoms. However, F is not an essential element for tea plant growth, and under high F stress, F affects the normal growth of plants by destroying the cell structure and inhibiting enzyme activities. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the future study of F accumulation in tea plants, the research progresses in the absorption, enrichment and accumulation/detoxification mechanisms of F in tea plants were reviewed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Aroma Characteristics and Volatile Components of Zhenghe White Tea with Different Storage Years HUANG Wei, ZHANG Lingzhi, ZHANG Jialin, LIN Fuming, RONG Jiefeng, XIAO Chunyan, YUE Penghang, YU Huazhu, SUN Weijiang, HUANG Yan Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 667-680.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.006 Abstract （577）      PDF（pc） （1492KB）（995）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the aroma characteristics of Zhenghe white tea with different storage years, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze the aroma characteristics and volatile components of Zhenghe white peony tea stored for 0, 5, 10 and 15 years. The results show that the aroma characteristics of Zhenghe white peony tea varied significantly among different storage years. The aroma characteristics of BMD0 were mainly pekoe, fresh, sweet and floral. With the extension of storage time, the pekoe, fresh, sweet and floral weakened, while the stale flavour and woody increased. A total of 66 volatile components were detected in Zhenghe white peony tea with different storage years, mainly alcohols, esters and acids, with the highest alcohol content in BMD0 and BMD5, and the highest ester content in BMD10 and BMD15. With the extension of storage time, the total volatile components decreased significantly, and the composition and proportion of relative contents changed significantly. The Orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) model could effectively discriminate Zhenghe white peony tea with different storage years. A total of 14 volatile components were screened based on relative odor activity value (rOAV)>1, while 30 volatile components were screened based on variable importance for the projection (VIP)>1. Based on rOAV value>1 and VIP value>1, 6 major volatile components were screened, including β-ionone, α-ionone, nerolidol, benzyl alcohol, benzeneacetaldehyde, linolenic acid. This study provided a theoretical reference and basis for the scientific storage of white tea and the flavour analysis of aged white tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Characteristic Aroma Components of Jasmine Tea AN Huimin, OU Xingchang, XIONG Yifan, ZHANG Yangbo, LI Juan, LI Qin, LI Qian, LI Shi, HUANG Jian'an Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 225-237.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.009 Abstract （1477）      PDF（pc） （521KB）（993）       Knowledge map    Save Jasmine tea is unique to China reprocessing tea. The aroma is the most important factor for its quality. In this study, a Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of volatile components in green tea and jasmine tea. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA) and aroma activity value method (Odor activity value, OAV) were used to identify characteristic aroma of jasmine tea ingredients, and explore their effects on tea quality. The results show that: 70 kinds of volatile components were identified in green tea and jasmine tea. Totally 13 characteristic aroma components were identified in jasmine tea, namely 3-hexene-1-ol, benzyl alcohol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol, leaf alcohol esters of acetic acid, methyl benzoate, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, cis-3-hexenyl isovalerate, methyl 2-aminobenzoate, cis-3-hexenyl benzene formate, indole and α-farnesene. These characteristic aroma components were closely correlated with the jasmine tea quality, except phenylethanol. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the evaluation, regulation and promotion of Jasmine tea quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Recent Advances in Catechin Biomedical Nanomaterials YU Rongxin, ZHENG Qinqin, CHEN Hongping, ZHANG Jinsong, ZHANG Xiangchun Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 447-462.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.004 Abstract （624）      PDF（pc） （2659KB）（992）       Knowledge map    Save Catechins are a kind of bioactive substances rich in tea, which have the functions of anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. However, due to the high activity of phenolic hydroxyl groups, catechins are easy to lose in vitro and in vivo activities, resulting in lower bioavailability. The recent development of nanobiotechnologies is expected to solve the problem of low bioavailability of catechins through ligand design, accurate synthesis and intelligent regulation, which can expand its application in the field of life and health. In this review, a summary on the progress of catechin biomedical nanomaterials in recent years, including the anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, drug delivery and anti-virus activities, was firstly made. Later, the construction and biological mechanism of catechin biomedical nanomaterials were discussed in detail. Finally, future perspectives on the design and application of novel catechin nanomaterials were provided. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Rewiew on Taste Characteristic of Catechins and Its Sensory Analysis Method ZHANG Yingna, JI Weibin, XU Yongquan, YIN Junfeng Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (1): 1-9.   Abstract （633）      PDF（pc） （736KB）（987）       Knowledge map    Save Taste is the most important quality characteristics of tea infusion. Green tea taste is formed by the interaction of polyphenols, caffeine, amino acids, carbohydrates and metal ions. Polyphenols are the main taste substances of green tea infusion, with catechins as the major components of polyphenols. Catechins are the main contributors of the bitterness and astringency of green tea infusion. Varied intensities of bitterness and astringency of green tea infusions were caused by the different compositions and interactions of catechins. Sensory analysis by human is still the major method for the taste evaluation of tea infusion, which is irreplaceable nowadays. This paper reviewed the taste characteristics of catechins, interactions of taste substances, sensory-analysis method of taste substances, which aimed to improve the theory system of the taste characteristics of catechins and their interactions, and to lay the foundation for the use of sensory-analysis method in relative studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Codon Usage Bias and Phylogenesis in the Chloroplast Genome of Ancient Tea Tree Camellia taliensis in Forest-tea Garden TONG Yan, HUANG Hui, WANG Yuhua Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 297-309.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.010 Abstract （393）      PDF（pc） （571KB）（983）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia taliensis is one of the important tea plants which is often grown in forest-tea gardens, which participated in the origin and domestication of C. sinensis var. assamica. To determine the codon usage bias pattern and its main influencing factors in the chloroplast genome of C. taliensis, neutral plotting, ENC-plot, PR2-plot analyses were performed and the optimal codons were found. The results show that the GC content of 54 CDS sequences was 37.68%, while GC1 and GC2 content were 46.44% and 39.77%, higher than GC3 (27.67%), indicating that the third base of the codon preferred to end in A/U. The effective codon number (ENC) ranged from 35.64 to 56.67 , with an average value of 46.1, demonstrating weak codon usage bias in chloroplast genome of C. taliensis. Neutral plotting, ENC-plot, PR2-plot analyses show that the main factor affecting the codon usage bias of the C. taliensis chloroplast genome was natural selection. In total, 11 optimal codons were identified in the chloroplast genome of C. taliensis. Although phylogenetic trees constructed by matK gene and CDS sequence display different topological structures, all trees show that C. taliensis and C. gymnogyna are clustered into one branch and are closely related to cultivated tea plant. This study provided the basis for analyses of genetic evolution, phylogeny and improved agronomic traits of C. taliensis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of the Total Content of Polyphenols in Kudincha by Folin-Ciocalteu Colorimetry LIU Li-xiang, Tanguy Laura, LIANG Xing-fei, SUN Yi, YE Hong, ZENG Xiao-xiong Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (2): 101-106.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.02.006 Abstract （656）      PDF（pc） （236KB）（982）       Knowledge map    Save A quantitative method for the determination of the total content of polyphenols in kudincha was studied by using FC method (Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetry ) with chlorogenic acid as standard. The results showed that the total polyphenol contents of kudincha could be well calculated according to their colorimetric absorption at 747 nm by applying Folin-Ciocalteu reagent 3.0 ml and saturated Na2CO3 4.5 ml at 30℃ for 30 min, and the linear range of standard curve was 20.0~100.0 mg/L. Stability, precision, repetition and recovery rate were in the range of 0.887%~1.416% by RSD (relative standard deviation). There are not any differences for the results obtained by FC method and ferrous tartrate colourimetry. Therefore, FC method is convenient, fast, and accurate to determine the total polyphenols of kudincha. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(51) Select Biochemical and Molecular Biological Basis on The Anticarcinogenic Activity of Tea Polyphenolic Compounds CHEN Zong-mao Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (2): 83-93.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.02.001 Abstract （686）      PDF（pc） （496KB）（978）       Knowledge map    Save The progress in the investigation of anticarcinogenic activity of tea polyphenols and its biochemical and molecular biological mechanisms in the world in recent 5 years were analyzed and reviewed in this paper. The mechanism of anticarcinogenic activity was discussed from the following 5 aspects: antioxidative activity, modulation on the key enzymes, blockage of signal transduction, antiangiogenic activity and the apotopsis of cancer cells. The developmental prospect and the investigational tendency of tea polyphenols in the future were discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(44) Select Effect of Temperature-controlled Pile-fermentation on Aroma Quality of Primary Dark Tea CHEN Hui, YANG Liling, CHEN Jinhua, HUANG Jian'an, GONG Yushun, LI Shi Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 717-730.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220830.001 Abstract （505）      PDF（pc） （1026KB）（977）       Knowledge map    Save Sensory quality evaluation of the primary dark tea under traditional, 45℃, 50℃ controlled pile-fermentation was performed. Meanwhile, volatile components were compared and analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). The results show that compared with traditional and 50℃-controlled pile-fermentation, the primary dark tea under 45℃-controlled pile-fermentation presented better aroma pleasure, purity and concentration. Furthermore, it appeared less impurity odor. A total of 24 key different volatile components were obtained from traditional and temperature-controlled pile-fermentation. The relative contents of α-cedrene, neophytadiene, olivetol, δ-cadinol, carvacrol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, (Z)-7-hexadecenal, trans-β-ionone were significantly higher under the temperature-controlled pile-fermentation than those under traditional pile-fermentation. The research results could provide basis and reference for improving aroma quality of primary dark tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Transmembrane Fluoride Uptake by Tea Roots XU Jiajia, GUANG Min, SHI Shulin, GAO Hongjian Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 365-371.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.001 Abstract （935）      PDF（pc） （313KB）（975）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant is a fluoride hyper-accumulator and most of fluoride is accumulated in the leaves. Drinking tea is an important way to absorb fluoride for human, which affects human health. Fluoride is usually absorbed from the soil by tea roots. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of transmembrane fluoride uptake by the tea roots were still poorly documented. Therefore, this paper reviewed the active and passive pathways of fluoride uptake by the roots of tea. The active transmembrane uptake fluoride process and molecular mechanism by H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, the role and microscopic process of ion channel and Al-F complexation by passive fluoride uptake were analyzed. The main influencing factors and control measures of fluoride accumulation in tea roots were also investigated. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of transmembrane fluoride uptake, regulate the selective fluoride uptake in tea roots, and ensure the tea quality and safety for consumption, cloning, expression, and functional verification of transport proteins and genes related to fluoride transmembrane uptake in tea plant should receive more attention in future studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress on Purine Alkaloids Metabolismin Tea and Other Plants ZHOU Chen-yang, JIN Ji-qiang, YAO Ming-zhe, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (2): 87-94.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.002 Abstract （572）      PDF（pc） （464KB）（965）       Knowledge map    Save Purine alkaloids (e.g. caffeine) can be found in many plants. As excessive intake of caffeine could have side effects on human health, it would be of great significance to obtain a low caffeine level cultivar by regulating metabolism of purine alkaloids. The present paper summarized the distribution, biosynthesis and catabolism (including main and minor pathways) of purine alkaloids, then enzymes and cloning of related genes involved in metabolism of purine alkaloids in tea and other plants. Finally, the exiting problems and possible ways of breeding low caffeine tea cultivars are discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8) Select Integrated Nutrient Management in Tea Plantation to Reduce Chemical Fertilizer and Increase Nutrient Use Efficiency RUAN Jianyun, MA Lifeng, YI Xiaoyun, SHI Yuanzhi, NI Kang, LIU Meiya, ZHANG Qunfeng Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 85-95.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200117.003 Abstract （1497）      PDF（pc） （1210KB）（953）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is an important agricultural industry with great comparative advantage in southern China. However, there are some problems in tea fertilization inducing large nutrient loss, higher production cost and environmental risks. These problems are mainly excessive nutrient input, low proportion of specialized compound fertilizer for tea, low substitution rate of organic nutrients and low efficient application methods such as surface broadcasting. This paper summarized previous results and formulated a technical strategy of integrated nutrient management in tea plantation (INMT) including optimizing nutrient input amounts, properly replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizers, choosing right fertilizer products, improving fertilization methods and ameliorating soil properties. Optimization of nutrient input amounts was achieved by controlling whole annual N input on the basis of tea type and yield level, and P and K on their relevant ratio to N and soil test if available. Limits of top input for these nutrients were suggested. Reasonable replacement ratio of organic fertilizer was recommended at 25%-50% of the total N input. A compound fertilizer with specialized formula for tea was developed and tested in more than 70 plantations across the main tea producing areas, efficiently increasing yield and quality while saving nutrient input. Fertilizer application was improved through changing topdressing period and adopting deep and mechanical application.Integrated nutrient management of tea was evaluated in 9 farmers’ and cooperative tea plantations. The average yield was increased by 9% in contrast with 42% reduction of average nutrient input. The tea quality was maintained or improved as indicated by slightly increased contents of amino acids and tea polyphenols. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Black Tea on the Physiological Regulation and Disease Prevention in Gastrointestinal Tract DU Yu, YUAN Haibo, CHEN Xiaoqiang, HU Ting, JIANG Yongwen Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (1): 10-16.   Abstract （672）      PDF（pc） （648KB）（952）       Knowledge map    Save Fresh leaves are processed into black tea by a series of enzymatic oxidation and other reactions. There are some distinctions in the flavor and functional chemicals between black tea and other tea. The black tea is endued with numerous health care functions by its chemical components, which play roles in the physiological regulation and illness prevention in gastrointestinal tract. The functional components in black tea can keep the intestinal flora balance by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, protect the gastrointestinal mucosa by preventing oxidation of tissues, repairing oxidative damages and interaction with gastric mucus, glutathione and other substances. It can also adjust digestion and absorption by interaction with the enzyme digestion and promoting gastrointestinal peristasis, prevent gastrointestinal disease by interaction with the immune system regulatory factors, related transcription factors and enzymes. This paper reviews the recent advance in physiological regulation and disease prevention by black tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for Timing of Spring Bud Flush in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) WANG Liubin, WU Liyun, WEI Kang, WANG Liyuan Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (6): 747-756.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.06.012 Abstract （376）      PDF（pc） （1696KB）（950）       Knowledge map    Save The timing of spring bud flush (TBF) is an important agronomic trait of tea plants, which has great effects on the flavor quality and economic benefits of tea. In this study, to discover key candidate genes regulating TBF, a F1 population of ‘Longjing 43’× ‘Baihaozao’ comprising 327 offspring was used and a two years’ investigation of TBF were performed in the tea garden. Based on the high-density genetic map constructed from the F1 population, QTL mapping for the sprouting index (SPI) of tea plants was performed using MapQTL 6.0 and GACD 1.2 software. The phenotypes of SPI in 2022 and 2023 show significant trait segregation and exhibit obvious quantitative trait characteristics in the progeny population. MapQTL 6.0 was identified as a primary QTL (qSPI-5-1), which explained 18.30% (2022) and 7.60% (2023) of phenotypic variations, respectively. GACD1.2 software identified two stable QTLs (qSPI-1, qSPI-5-2), which explained 2.75%-18.40% of phenotypic variations. While qSPI-5-2 and qSPI-5-1 were largely overlapped. The confidence intervals of the above QTLs were compared to the reference genome of tea plants, and 23 candidate genes related to the TBF were found by function annotation analysis. These results provided theoretical references for further investigation on the regulatory genes and molecular mechanisms of spring bud flushing in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Tea Projects Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1999 to 2019 XIONG Xingping, ZHANG Xinzhong, YANG Zhenwei Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 305-318.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.002 Abstract （1218）      PDF（pc） （380KB）（945）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the tea projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 1999 to 2019, a statistical analysis was carried out from the aspects of supporting year, category, department, nature of the supporting units, distribution of the supporting regions, project leaders and branches of disciplines. The current situation, characteristics and development trends of basic tea research in China were explored and the existing problems and shortcomings were discussed and analyzed. The purpose of study was to provide reference for the selection of ideas and scientific research development for tea scientists. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Gallic Acid in Pu-erh Tea LU Hai-peng, LIN Zhi, GU Ji-ping, GUO Li, TAN Jun-feng Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (2): 104-110.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.02.002 Abstract （852）      PDF（pc） （484KB）（941）       Knowledge map    Save Gallic acid is a characteristic phenolic compound in Pu-erh tea with notable bioactivity. The content of gallic acid in Pu-erh tea, the change of gallic acid during the pile-fermentation, and the relation between extract fraction bioactivity and its gallic acid content were studied. Results showed that the average content of gallic acid in Pu-erh tea was 9.01βmg/g, but striking dissimilarity existed between the different samples; The gallic acid content first increased to some extent then decreased during the pile-fermentation of the solar green tea of [Camellia sinensis (Linn.) var. assamica (Masters) Kitamura]. It was found that the extracted fractions which rich in gallic acid showed higher antioxidative activities by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(29) Select Review on Tea Sediment Formation and Its Controlling Methods XU Yongquan, YIN Junfeng Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (4): 337-346.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.04.001 Abstract （974）      PDF（pc） （689KB）（927）       Knowledge map    Save Sediment easily forms during the process and storage of tea beverage, instant tea powder and concentrated tea, which not only has an unattractive appearance, but also detracts from the flavor quality of tea products. However, there are no clear forming mechanism and controlling methods of tea sediment because the forming of tea sediment is rather complicated and lacks satisfactory solution. And at present, most of tea beverage producers remove tea sediment or inhibit tea sediment formation by physically removal or chemically de-creaming. These methods not only cause a great loss of active ingredients and decrease healthy functions, but also influence the appearance and inherent quality of the products, and then hinder the development of Chinese tea-beverage industry. Tea cream, the turbid phenomenon produces when tea infusion cools, is the previous process of tea sediment formation. It was reported that tea sediment can be divided into reversible and irreversible sediment. And their chemical constituents, formation mechanism and influencing factors were distinctly different. In order to effectively control the sediment in tea beverage, this paper summarizes the chemical components participating in tea sediment formation, the factors and the mechanism of tea sediment formation, and the controlling methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Development Trends and Technical Requirements of Tea Beverage in China Mainland YIN Jun-feng, XU Yong-quan, YUAN Hai-bo Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 588-592.   Abstract （434）      PDF（pc） （204KB）（913）       Knowledge map    Save Through discussing the development model of beverage in the world and analyzing the development trends of tea beverage industry in China mainland, the main technical requirements for promoting development of tea beverage in China mainland are put forward. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(10) Select Development and Reproduction of Ectropis grisescens and Ectropis obliqua Based on the Two-Sex Life Table GE Fanxing, SHI Fan, CHENG Chunxi, CHEN Lilin Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 828-838.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.008 Abstract （408）      PDF（pc） （1012KB）（913）       Knowledge map    Save Ectropis grisescens Warren and Ectropis obliqua Prout are two serious defoliators in tea gardens, which affect both yield and quality of tea. In the study, using the age-stage two-sex life table, the growth and development indices, age-stage-specific survival rate, age-stage-specific fecundity, age-stage-specific life expectancy, age-stage-specific reproductive value, and population parameters of tea geometrid were measured and the differences of the parameters were analyzed. The results show that the developmental duration of the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th instar larvae, the total duration of larvae, the pupal stage, and the adult longevity of E. grisescens (3.22, 2.55, 1.43, 4.56, 15.34, 7.98, and 7.59 d, respectively) were significantly lower than those of E. obliqua (4.07, 3.05, 2.16, 5.71, 18.83, 8.88, and 10.65 d, respectively). The survival rates of the 2nd to 5th instars larvae of E. grisescens were 100.00%, 95.00%, 62.00% and 96.00%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of E. obliqua (93.00%, 71.00%, 45.00% and 80.00%, respectively). The mean generation duration of E. grisescens was 32.412 d, which was significantly shorter than that of E. obliqua (36.016 d). The age-stage-specific survival rate and intrinsic rate of increase of E. grisescens were higher than those of E. obliqua, and the mean generation duration was shorter than that of E. obliqua. The population of E. grisescens could expand more rapidly. The results provided basic data for the lab population rearing of E. grisescens and E. obliqua, and provided theoretical basis for the competition mechanism and the selection of population control strategies of the two sibling species. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Parameter Optimization and Experimental Study of Tea Twisting Machine Based on EDEM LI Bing, LI Weining, BAI Xuanbing, HUANG Jianhong Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 375-385.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.008 Abstract （720）      PDF（pc） （3748KB）（911）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the problems caused by unstable quality in the process of tea twisting, the 6CR-40 tea twisting machine was taken as the research object in this study. The three-dimensional modeling of tea twisting machine was established based on Solidworks. The numerical simulation of the twisting process of tea twisting machine was carried out by the discrete element simulation software EDEM. The influences of various experimental factors on the performance indexes of tea twisting machine were obtained. The quadratic orthogonal rotation test was carried out and the Design-Expert was used to optimize the solution and obtain the best combination of structural parameters of twisting quality. The results showed that: when the twisting barrel rotational speed, the prismatic height, twisting plate inclination angles, forming rate of tea and breaking rate of tea were 42 r·min-1, 10 mm, 3.8°, 88.55% and 1.83% respectively, the tea twisting machine had a good quality of twisting. The results of verification test and simulation optimization were basically consistent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification and Expression Analysis of Terpene Synthesis Related Genes during the Withering of White Tea CHEN Xuejin, WANG Pengjie, LIN Xinying, GU Mengya, ZHENG Yucheng, ZHENG Zhilin, YE Naixing Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 363-374.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.007 Abstract （909）      PDF（pc） （1459KB）（901）       Knowledge map    Save Terpenes are the important secondary metabolites in plants and play an important role in the composition of the volatile aroma of tea plants. In this study, 141 tea plant terpenoid synthesis-related genes were identified from the tea plant genome database. Their expression specificities in different tissues were analyzed. Sixteen terpene synthetic genes which were highly expressed in the apical buds and young leaves of tea plants were screened. The results of bioinformatics methods show that the phylogenetic relationship divides the genes related to terpene synthesis of tea plant, Arabidopsis and grape into four subfamilies. The terpenoid synthesis related genes contain 5 to 14 exons and a large number of cis-related elements closely related to light response, plant growth and development, hormone and stress response according to the upstream promoter region analysis. Fluorescence quantitative detection showed that the expressions of CsMVK, CsDXS and CsGGPS were significantly up-regulated during the withering process of white tea. The expressions of CsDXR, CsMCT, CsCMK, CsMCS, CsHDS, CsGPPS and CsGGPPS showed the highest expressions at 4 h and 24 h after withering. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for further exploring the functions of terpenoid synthesis related genes in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Transcriptome Analysis of the Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) Infected by Tea Blister Blight SUN Yunnan, XU Yan, RAN Longxun, JIANG Huibing, SONG Weixi, XIA Lifei, CHEN Linbo, LIANG Mingzhi Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 113-124.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.01.001 Abstract （856）      PDF（pc） （798KB）（895）       Knowledge map    Save Illumina HiSeq2500, a high-through transcriptome sequencing technology, was applied for transcriptome analysis of tea leaves infected by tea blister blight. Through differential expression analysis, a total of 359 differentially expressed genes (DEGs）were identified after infection, of which 248 were up-regulated and 111 were down-regulated. With GO function annotation classifications, a total of 216 genes were divided into 122 function categories. The mainly involved functional categories included biological synthesis process, catalytic activity, cell process and many other physiological and biochemical processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that a total of 106 genes were annotated to 47 metabolic pathways, with monoterpenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, ribosome, nitrogen metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction pathway significantly enriched. There were 32 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs). Those TFs were classified into 16 families. qRT-PCR of randomly selected differentially expressed genes was used to validate transcriptome result, which showed high consistence. The result shows that tea tree response to pathogen infection is a complicated process. A number of genes were induced or suppressed. Disease-resistant transcription factors were highly activated and up-regulated. This study provided a theoretical basis for identifying tea resistance genes and potential molecular mechanism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances in Tea Plant Genetics and Breeding LIANG Yuerong, SHI Meng Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (2): 103-109.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.001 Abstract （826）      PDF（pc） （567KB）（892）       Knowledge map    Save Advances in germplasm enhancement of tea breeding, techniques for identification of new tea cultivars, changes in breeding objectives, improvement of breeding program, achievements of tea breeding, system of propagation and extension of new tea cultivars were reviewed in this paper, which provides useful information for further studies in tea genetics and breeding. Hybridization is still the major method for innovating tea breeding materials, and the physical and chemical mutagenesis methods have been extensively used, while transgenic technique remains to be further improved. Combination of the high resolution inspecting equipments and the gene identification technology with the forecasting models established by computer technology made the early identification of tea cultivars more accurate. The breeding target has been diversified after going through yield breeding, quality breeding and early flushing breeding stages. Improving early identification accuracy and shortening breeding cycle will be the aim for tea breeding technology development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Analysis of the Saponin Contents and Composition in Tea Seeds of Different Germplasms CHEN Yuhong, GAO Ying, HAN Zhen, YIN Junfeng Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 705-716.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.005 Abstract （842）      PDF（pc） （1571KB）（891）       Knowledge map    Save Tea saponins are abundant in the seeds of Camellia sinensis with specific biological activities. Their contents and composition in tea seeds of different germplasms remain unclear. In this study, seeds from 21 tea germplasms were collected from the same region of Zhejiang and used as experimental materials to determine the basic characteristics, saponin contents and composition. Correlation analysis between germplasm and saponin composition was also performed. The results show that the seed weight, shell kernel ratio and saponin content of different tea seeds were significantly different (P<0.05). The saponin content detected by UV spectral method and HPLC ranged from 30.82% to 48.16% and 16.93% to 31.82%, respectively. ‘Huangguanyin' had the highest saponin content in tea seeds. Totally 68 tea seed saponin monomers were detected simultaneously using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer（UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS）. Theasaponin E1 had the highest relative intensity. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) shows that the 21 tea seed germplasms can be distinguished into 2 groups according to tree type with 21 different Camelliasaponin B1/B2, Theasaponin A5/A6, Camelliasaponin C1/C2 and Assamsaponin G were the most significant characteristic substances of semi-tree form and arbor form resources. The results of the study laid the foundation for the selection and value-added utilization of tea seed saponins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Predation of Plexippus setipes on Ectropis grisescens Larvae WANG Weitong, ZHOU Xiaogui, ZHANG Xinxin, WANG Zhibo, ZHANG Dayu, XIAO Qiang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 515-524.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.002 Abstract （468）      PDF（pc） （421KB）（886）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the control potential of Plexippus setipes on Ectropis grisescens, studies about the predator functional response, predation selectivity and intraspecific competition of P. setipes on E. grisescens larvae were conducted under indoor conditions. The results show that the P. setipes preferred to feed on the early stage larvae of the E. grisescens. There were significant differences in the predation ability among different developmental stages of P. setipes. Specifically, the adult spider had the strongest predation ability to hunt 17.44 larvae per day of the first instar of the E. grisescens, while the juvenile spider had relatively weak predation ability with only a daily of 2.33 larvae of the first instar. The predator functional response of P. setipes was in accordance with the Holling Ⅱ model. The Searching efficiency of P. setipes decreased with the increase of E. grisescens population. The predation selectivity shows that P. setipes showed positive preference (Ci > 0) for 1st and 2nd instar E. grisescens larvae along with negative preference (Ci < 0) for 3rd instar larvae. The predatory effect of P. setipes on E. grisescens larvae was also influenced by their own population density. There was a strong intraspecific competition, which was consistent with the Hasse Ⅱ model. This study indicates that P. setipes had a strong predatory ability and control potential on E. grisescens larvae, providing a theoretical basis for exploring the use of spiders in tea plantations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Review on Pro-oxidative Properties of EGCG on Cell CHEN Yijun, XIONG Ligui, HUANG Jian′an, GONG Yushun, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (2): 130-136.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.004 Abstract （812）      PDF（pc） （519KB）（886）       Knowledge map    Save EGCG, which is the most abundant catechin in tea, has been demonstrated to possess a wide range of biochemical and pharmacological activities. Recent investigations have revealed that EGCG functions as a pro-oxidant. In this review, we discussed the pro-oxidative mechanism of EGCG in cell culture. Auto-oxidation of EGCG, influenced by the media types, dose- and time-dependent of EGCG addition, contents of serum and pH value etc., forms environmental oxidative stress in cell medium. Furthermore, EGCG produce intracellular ROS and mtROS, and trigger the Fenton reaction to create OH- indirectly. In particular, pro-oxidation of EGCG regulate intracellular transcription factors, signalling pathways, and cell surface receptor to exert many biological actions in cell. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select The Antiviral Properties of Tea XIONG Ligui, LIU Sihui, HUANG Jian'an, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (2): 143-158.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.02.001 Abstract （1137）      PDF（pc） （566KB）（878）       Knowledge map    Save Tea (Camellia sinensis) is known as a global health beverage, and global tea consumption increases due to its biological activities. In the last 30 years, antiviral activities of tea and its components, especially tea polyphenols, with different modes of action were demonstrated on diverse families of viruses, such as influenza virus, coronavirus, hepatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, etc. This review summarized the current knowledge on the antiviral activities of tea and its components. Most of these studies demonstrated antiviral properties of tea and its components by in vitro biochemical or cell experiments with little rodent and clinical studies. Therefore, it is still unclear whether the antiviral effects of daily tea consumption are available. More large-scale randomized intervention and epidemiological/clinical studies are needed to confirm clinical efficacy of tea and its components. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Different Types of Water Quality on the Sensory Properties and Main Chemcial Compositions of Longjing Tea Infusions GONG Zhiping, YIN Junfeng, CHEN Gensheng Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 215-224.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.008 Abstract （964）      PDF（pc） （508KB）（864）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand the effect of water quality on the flavor of tea infusions, six typical drinking water (including tap water, Wahaha Purified water, Hupao cold spring water, C cell vitality small molecule group water, 5100 Tibet glacier mineral water, Jianlong volcano cold mineral water) were selected as the research objects. The effects of different types of water quality on the flavor quality and chemical composition of tea infusions were studied by sensory evaluation and component analysis. The results show that the purified water and Hupao cold spring water were weakly acidic, and had low Ca2+, Mg2+ and total ion contents, which were more suitable to brew Longjing tea. In terms of the quality of flavor, it could better control the bitterness, astringency and freshness of tea soup, and reflect the richness and purity of the unique aroma of the tea infusions. Through the analysis of flavor substances, with the increase of ion concentration of drinking water, the contents of tea polyphenols, amino acids, EGCG, ester catechins and oxalic acid in the tea infusions were significantly reduced. The contents of caffeine and total sugar were not significantly different. The flavonoid content slightly increased. The mineral water with higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ effectively inhibited the release of 17 characteristic aroma components of Longjing tea infusions, such as linalool, Trans-butyrate-3-hexene ester, dodecane, tetradecyl, cis-3-Hexenyl isovalerate, geraniol and β-ionone. This study analyzed the effect of water quality on the composition of tea flavor substances and the volatility of aroma substances, and preliminarily determined that the water quality factor was the main reason for the taste difference of Longjing tea infusions. This research preliminarily illuminated the effect of water quality on the flavor composition and aroma volatilization of tea infusions,and the results provided a theoretical basis for tea flavor chemistry, scientific tea making and water selection for tea beverage manufacturing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 130-133.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.012 Abstract （465）      PDF（pc） （95KB）（863）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Polyphenols of Old Fu Brick Tea on the Elderly Intestinal Flora WU Genliang, HOU Aixiang, LI Ke, LI Zongjun Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 319-330.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.013 Abstract （640）      PDF（pc） （1529KB）（860）       Knowledge map    Save To reveal the influences of tea polyphenols of old Fu brick teas on the diversity and composition of intestinal microflora in the elderly, the tea polyphenols were extracted and purified from Fu brick teas stored for 1 year and 7 years, and the isometric tea polyphenol extracts were added into the mixed medium of intestinal flora of elderly men (65 years) for the anaerobic static culture in vitro. The contents of tea polyphenols and short chain fatty acids（SCFAs）of the seven years’ tea group（O group）, one year’s tea group（N group） and the blank group（B group） were determined at 0βh, 4βh, 8βh, 12βh and 24βh. High-throughput sequencing of intestinal flora and relative bioinformatics analysis were also performed. The results showed that the polyphenols of seven years’ Fu brick tea had better effects on the increase of SCFA contents, the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora of the elderly as compared with the control. The relative abundance of Escherichia and γ-Proteobacteria_B38 at 4βh and 12βh were significantly reduced, and the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium were also increased in O group. The above results showed that the tea polyphenol of seven years’ Fu brick tea is more beneficial to the improvement of intestinal microflora in the elderly, which was of a high potential value to the health of elderly. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress on Tea Classification and Discussion on Liupu Tea’s Attribution WU Ping Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (4): 408-416.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.04.014 Abstract （785）      PDF（pc） （659KB）（860）       Knowledge map    Save By describing the theory and method of tea classification in China and foreign countries, and the special manufacturing technology and the quality characteristic of dark tea, it was regarded that whatever the semi-finished or the finished tea of Liupu tea, both of them were under the process of pilling up and color changing and according with the theory of tea classification, and the related standard and regulation, so could be called as dark tea, according to the investigation on the method of piling up and color changing in the various manufacturing stages of processing process of Liupu tea, the major factors influencing the piling up and color changing and the sensory quality characteristics of semi-finished tea and finished tea. However, the finished tea have received two times of piling up and color changing processes in comparing with the semi-finished tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Correlative Factors of Sensory Quality of High-quality Green Tea WANG Tong-he, HU Min, ZHANG Jiu-qian, LI Hong Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (1): 33-38.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.01.005 Abstract （540）      PDF（pc） （264KB）（859）       Knowledge map    Save The factors of tea sensory evaluation by biological statistical software SAS9.0 were conducted according to the results of sensory evaluation from Tea Culture Festival in Xinyang city from 2004 to 2007. Results showed that the correlation between liquor color and aroma, taste, infusion was significant, but the correlation between appearance and the other factors was not significant. It was showed that the taste﹥aroma﹥liquor color﹥infusion﹥appearance in comparing with total quality score. The score proportion of color 23, aroma 23, taste 24, appearance 30 was rather reasonable. The correlative equation of each factor and total quality score was established by the method of stepwise regression with the DPS data processing software as follows: Y=25.8852+0.731X1+0.702X2+1.02X3+1.2204X4+1.03X5 Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16) Select Research Progress of Proanthocyanidins in Tea GAO Chenxi, HUANG Yan, SUN Weijiang Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 441-453.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.04.002 Abstract （1062）      PDF（pc） （517KB）（858）       Knowledge map    Save Proanthocyanidins are an important kind of polyphenols in tea leaves, and regarded as natural antioxidants. In recent years, proanthocyanudins in tea leaves had attracted widespread attention. Relative research would promote the study on polyphenol metabolic pathways during tea growth process. Moreover it is of great significance in conducting fundamental research on tea plant biochemistry. Based on domestic and overseas research status, this study summarized the relationship between proanthocyandins and anthocyandins, the biosynthetic pathways of procyanidins in tea and the condensation mechanism of proanthocyandins. The types, the application status and content difference of proanthocyanidins were also concerned in an attempt to discuss the development trend in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1993, 13 (01): 51-59.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1993.01.009 Abstract （836）      PDF（pc） （2644KB）（855）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparative Study on the Structure and Hypoglycemic Activity of Several Tea Polysaccharides LIU Danqi, REN Fazheng, LI Jingming, HOU Caiyun Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 652-660.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.004 Abstract （962）      PDF（pc） （1225KB）（853）       Knowledge map    Save To study and compare the composition, blood sugar lowering effect and composition of WTP, GTP and BTP. Shoumei, Longjing and Bailingongfu were selected as representatives of white tea, green tea and black tea, and the composition, molecular weight of tea polysaccharides were determined. The mice diabetes model was induced by streptozotocin, metformin was used as a positive control to study the hypoglycemic effect of tea polysaccharides, and qPCR was used to determine the expression level of related genes in mice liver. The results showed that the molecular weights of WTP, GTP and BTP are 18 180 Da, 19 470 Da and 8 745 Da, respectively. The selected tea polysaccharides have hypoglycemic effect, the fasting blood glucose decline rates of WTP, GTP and BTP were 53.2%, 52.8% and 61.6%, respectively. Tea polysaccharides can all improve glucose tolerance, down-regulate the expression of Foxo1, G6Pc, PEPCK and TXNIP genes in mice and there are some differences. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Advances on the Drought-Resistance Mechanism and Strategy of Tea Plant LIU Shengchuan, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (2): 111-121.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.02.001 Abstract （926）      PDF（pc） （975KB）（851）       Knowledge map    Save Drought is one of the pivotal meteorological disasters affecting tea production. Responses of tea plant to drought and rehydration are very complex, so it is vital to study drought-resistance mechanism for exploring relative genetic resources, improving water use efficiency and drought resistance, developing water-saving and drought-resistance cultivation and subsequent reducing losses. Here, effects of drought stress on growth, development, production and quality of tea were presented. We try to provide a brief insight into how tea plant responds to drought and rehydration. Some recent studies on strategies for water-saving and drought-resistance cultivation and subsequent recovery had been reviewed, and major research trends were discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Construction of Flavor Wheel and Quantitative Sensory Description Analysis of Pu'er Tea and Fu Brick Tea CHEN Guohe, HU Tengfei, XIE He, FU Wenjie, ZHAI Yuke, BAO Sudou, AN Qin, WANG Chao, WANG Yingzi, LIU Zhonghua, HUANG Jian'an Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 631-644.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.008 Abstract （485）      PDF（pc） （1988KB）（845）       Knowledge map    Save Flavor wheel is a simple and easy method to understand descriptor system, which is convenient for consumers to communicate the sensory flavor attributes of Pu'er tea and Fu brick tea. In this study, by establishing a sensory evaluation team, sensory evaluation was conducted on the flavor of Pu'er tea and Fu brick tea, and the flavor wheels of Pu'er tea and Fu brick tea were drawn from two dimensions: aroma and taste. On this basis, a vocabulary for quantitative sensory description of Pu'er tea and Fu brick tea was established by setting reference samples with different intensities for 23 typical sensory descriptions. Furthermore, using the M-value method combined with analysis of variance and multivariate statistical analysis, the main sensory descriptors that can better describe Pu'er tea and Fu brick tea were selected. A total of 7 aroma descriptors (woody, sweet aroma, herbal, ferment, glutinous, jujube and aged) and 5 flavor descriptors (sweet taste, bitter, astringent, sour and mellow and thick) were selected for Pu'er tea, and 5 aroma descriptors (woody, sweet aroma, herbal, aged and fungal floral) and 5 flavor descriptors (sweet taste, bitter, astringent, sour and mellow and thick) were identified for Fu brick tea, and these descriptors can better evaluate the sensory quality characteristics of Pu'er tea and Fu brick tea samples. The results of this study provide application value for distinguishing and evaluating the sensory flavor characteristics of Pu'er tea and Fu brick tea, as well as in the development of their products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Flavor Analysis and Flavor Wheel Establishment of Ten Top Famous Tea in Zhejiang Province ZHANG Yingbin, JIN Shouzhen, WANG Guoqing, YU Liangzi, ZHOU Sujuan, LIU Xin, LU Chengyin Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 225-232.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.004 Abstract （871）      PDF（pc） （742KB）（822）       Knowledge map    Save 78 samples of different grades（including top famous tea and special famous tea in Zhejiang province）were collected in this research. Through the sensory evaluation, an obvious flavor changes between different grades were found. While processing the data of chemical compounds in different grade samples with discriminant analysis, a well judgment can be shown, which is essentially in agreement with the sensory evaluation result. The quantity of samples with different aroma and taste types was counted, and then the characteristics of each tea were summarized. Flavor wheels were drawn after the analysis and reconstitution of the flavor types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Science Innocation and Sustainable Development of Tea Industry CHEN Zong-mao, SUN Xiao-ling, JIN Shan Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (5): 463-472.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.05.008 Abstract （673）      PDF（pc） （716KB）（821）       Knowledge map    Save After glancing over the information on the development of world tea industry in the period of 1910~2009 and the development of China tea industry in the period of 1950~2010, the relationship between the development of world tea industry and China tea industry as well as the development of tea science and technology was analyzed. Research discovered that those years with more rapid development of science and technology and more creating achievements were accompanied with the rapid development of tea industry. Lists of some important influencing achievements in the development of tea industry were enumerated in this paper. Based on these, seven gaps were discussed in comparing to the world major tea producing countries. In discussing on the future sustainable development of China tea industry, six strategic scientific problems influencing the sustainable development were put forward. Lastly, six tentative ideas including the modern biological technology and traditional breeding technique, the introduction of environmental science and ecological science into the tea production were advanced for the scientific creation of tea industry in the future 10~15 years in this paper. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(14) Select Progress in the Research of Biosynthesis of Volatile Terpenoids and Their Glycosides in Tea Plant HE Zhi-rong, XIANG Wei, XU Yan, GAO Li-ping, XIA Tao, WEI Shu Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.01.008 Abstract （921）      PDF（pc） （690KB）（820）       Knowledge map    Save Tea aromatic quality is largely dependent on the spectrum and abundance of volatile terpenoids and their glycosides produced and accumulated in tea leaves. Very often, the compounds of monoterpenes (C10) and sesquinterpene (C15) possess pleasant floral scent, contributing significantly to tea aromatic quality. However, studying on the biosynthesis pathway of these volatile terpenoids and their glycosides in tea plant is just at beginning. In this review, speed-limiting biosynthetic steps and related enzymes in plant volatile terpenoid biosynthesis pathways are summarized. The genes encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) as well as terpenoid synthases are proposed as key enzymes for volatile terpenoid biosynthesis. Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase may affect biosynthesis and accumulation of glycosides of volatile terpenoids in tea plant while glycosidase play a key role in the glycoside hydrolysis and release of glycosidically bound terpenoid volatiles during tea leaf processing. Manipulation of these genes may control the flux of the terpenoid metabolism towards the volatile terpenoid biosynthesis. The factors influencing tea aromatic quality such as tea cultivars, growing management, processing ways are also discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(17) Select Preliminary Study on Fractions and Correlative Properties of Theabrownin from Pu-erh Tea YANG Xin-he, WANG Li-li, HUANG Jian-an, WU Wen-liang, LIU Zhong-hua Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (3): 187-194.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.03.006 Abstract （659）      PDF（pc） （520KB）（818）       Knowledge map    Save The water extract of pu-erh tea was extracted with chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol in turn. The remaining water pigment-theabrownin obtained was installed in hydroxypropyl glucan gel (sephadex LH-20) column with acetone-aqueous solution for elution and the fractions of theabrownin were collected respectively and their physico-chemical and spectral properties were studied preliminarily. The results indicated that the 40% acetone-aqueous solution was the optimum eluent and flow was 0.05BV/h and classification of theabrownin was best in presenting 6 obvious strips in column, with difference of their chromatism parameter values, total reducing power, pH value, conventional component, UV and IR spectroscopy scanning, and stability etc. The study further demonstrated complexity of compositions and properties of theabrownin. At the same time, this investigation laid a foundation for the further research of bioactivities and chemical essence of theabrownin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Research Progress on the Volatile Compounds of Premium Roasted Green Tea SHI Yali, ZHU Yin, MA Wanjun, YANG Gaozhong, WANG Mengqi, SHI Jiang, PENG Qunhua, LIN Zhi, LYU Haipeng Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 285-301.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.03.001 Abstract （1048）      PDF（pc） （622KB）（818）       Knowledge map    Save Aroma is one of the key indicators to evaluate tea quality, and aroma quality is formed by the complex interactions between different volatile compounds. Premium roasted green teas generally have characteristics of excellent flavor quality, and are the most typical and representative Chinese green tea. In recent years, studies on their volatile compounds had increased gradually and made good progress. However, there were very few systematic explanations on the composition characteristics in aroma compounds of diverse high-quality roasted green teas. Therefore, the present study summarized the research progression in volatile compounds of premium roasted green teas in recent twenty years, enumerated the aroma compounds, illuminated the common compounds, and further discussed the key aroma compounds. These results will provide scientific evidence for the flavor evaluation and aroma quality control for the premium roasted green tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Re-analysis of the Phenomena and Causation of Flourishing Tea Culture in Tang Dynasty JIA Yue-qian, BAO Gong-min, ZHU Jian-qing Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (1): 72-78.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.1.012 Abstract （597）      PDF（pc） （250KB）（817）       Knowledge map    Save The paper re-analyzes the phenomena and causation of flourishing tea culture in Tang dynasty in China, which would help to clarify amphibolous view whether tea culture was first flourishing in Tang dynasty (A.D. 608~907) or North Song dynasty (A.D. 960~1127). The authors point out that Tang dynasty is a landmark time in the formation of tea culture and set the base tone of the subsequent development of tea culture. The paper lists six initial phenomena of flourishing tea culture in Tang dynasty and indicates six possible causations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Effects of Intercropping Functional Plants on the Ecosystem Functions and Services in Tea Garden SHI Fan, HUANG Hongjing, CHEN Yanting, CHEN Lilin Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (2): 151-168.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.011 Abstract （780）      PDF（pc） （1493KB）（816）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the main measures of habitat management, reasonable intercropping of functional plants in tea garden can shade tea bushes and keep them warm, conserve water and soil, increase fertility and promote growth, as well as maintain micro-habitat stability. It also can attract natural enemies, repel pests, reduce the damage caused by diseases, insects, and weeds in tea garden, therefore it is beneficial for improving the quality and efficiency of the tea. However, unreasonable intercropping will destroy the micro-habitat of tea garden, compete for nutrients, thus affecting the growth of tea plants. In this paper, the intercropping of functional plants and their effects on the ecosystem functions and services in tea garden in recent years were reviewed. These effects mainly included the species, management models, functions and common problems with the most widely used functional plants, as well as the regulatory effects of intercropping of functional plants on the growth and development of tea plants, tea quality and yield, and tea pests. The ultimate goal of this paper was to provide guidance for the application of intercropping measures to promote the comprehensive regulation of pests in tea garden, and enhance the ecosystem functions and services of tea garden. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Changes of Physical and Chemical Components during the Frying Process of Green Tea by Computer Vision WU Xun, LIU Fei, CHEN Zhiwei, WANG Yuwan, CHEN Lin, TU Zheng, ZHOU Xiaofen, YANG Yunfei, YE Yang, TONG Huarong Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 194-204.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.006 Abstract （821）      PDF（pc） （965KB）（812）       Knowledge map    Save In order to find out the physical and chemical changes during the frying process of green tea, the computer vision technology was applied to real-time monitor the changes of color and shape, and chemical changes were simultaneously measured. The results show that with the increase of frying time, (1) the radius of curvature of unfinished tea gradually decreased, which showed the highest decreasing rate from 10-30 min. R, G, B and average gray value decreased first and then rose. The consistency value was opposite to their trends, with the extreme value in 20 min. H value increased significantly, S value decreased significantly. (2) Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids decreased significantly, while gallocatechin gallate (GCG) increased significantly. Experimental results show that the radius of curvature was highly correlated with water content and leaf temperature. H was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b. S was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a, carotenoids and epicatechin gallate (ECG). The linear fit of EGCG and H values showed the highest value at 0.922 1. In the future, water content, leaf temperature and H value could be monitored online to predict changes of the radius of curvature and chemical composition during frying. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Distribution in Aggregates from Yellow-red Soils Under Tea Plantations with Different Fertilizer Managements WANG Limin, HUANG Dongfeng, LI Qinghua, HE Chunmei, ZHANG Hui, LIU Cailing, LI Fangliang, HUANG Yibin Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (4): 342-352.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.002 Abstract （638）      PDF（pc） （819KB）（808）       Knowledge map    Save Application of livestock manures and plant residues is a feasible practice to largely mitigate soil-degradative trends by increasing amounts of organic matter. However, long-term effects of fertilization regimes on the distribution of organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in aggregate size fractions were poorly documented in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) plantations in subtropical areas. A 10-year study was thus conducted to elucidate the impacts of fertilization patterns on the stability and allocation of TOC, TN and C/N ratio within water stable aggregate (WSA) fractions in soils under non-fertilization control (CK), chemical fertilizers only (CF), and integrated use of chicken manure and legume straw with chemical fertilizers (IF), respectively. Soil (0-20 cm) samples were collected and separated into ≥2, <2-1, <1-0.5, <0.5-0.25 and <0.25-0.106βmm aggregate classes by wet sieving, and finally used for TOC and TN analysis. The results showed that the IF treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased TOC and TN storage in all aggregate fractions relative to that of CK. Irrespective of the fertilization patterns, tea soils in subtropical China stored higher amounts of TOC and TN in the ≥2βmm water-stable fraction. In terms of the TOC and TN storage, the order of different aggregate fractions in IF- and CF-treated soils was (≥2β mm ) > (<0.5-0.25βmm) > (<1-0.5βmm) > (<2-1βmm) > (<0.25-0.106βmm), whereas that of CK-treated soils was (≥2βmm) > (<1-0.5βmm) > (<0.5-0.25βmm) > (<2-1βmm) > (<0.25-0.106βmm). Furthermore, the percentage of WSA ≥2βmm ranged from 54.95% under CK to 66.97% under IF treatment. Furthermore, TOC and TN adhered to WSA ≥2βmm, which accounted for 33.31%~45.45% of TOC and 33.76%~46.60% of TN in bulk soils under all treatments. Meanwhile, the IF treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates as compared to that in CK- and CF- treated soils. However, a lower C:N ratio was observed in different aggregate fractions in IF-treated soils compared with that of CK. Additionally, WSA ≥2βmm was positively and significantly correlated with TN and TOC contents. In conclusion, the IF treatment improved aggregate stability, increased C and N storage in bulk soil and aggregates, and thus enhanced soil quality in tea farms in subtropical China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of The Preventing Effects of Tea on Aging and Aged-related Pathologies DAI Shen, LU Yan, YU Penghui, GONG Yushun, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 23-33.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.003 Abstract （744）      PDF（pc） （684KB）（803）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, the anti-aging effects of tea in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila flies and mice were reviewed. The main functional components (tea polyphenols, theanine and caffeine) were especially emphasized. The beneficial functions of tea in preventing age-related diseases were summarized. Furthermore, the latest research on its mechanism of regulating the nutrient-sensing signaling networks was expounded. Finally, the future research direction was briefly discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Characteristic Flavor Substances in Tea Aroma Type Distilled Spirit Based on GC-MS and GC-O HUANG Cui, WANG Fengli, CHEN Yaolin, YU Jiajun, WANG Wei, DU Sufeng, SONG Tao, CAI Zhongshui, XUE Jie, WU Yun Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 703-717.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.002 Abstract （375）      PDF（pc） （880KB）（803）       Knowledge map    Save As a further extension of the deep processing technology of tea raw materials, tea aroma type distilled spirit combines the aroma of tea and wine, and has a unique flavor. In order to clarify the changes of flavor substances of tea aroma type distilled spirit under different processes, solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the flavor components. The odor specific magnitude estimation method and Odor activity value method in liquid-liquid extraction/gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry were used to determine the characteristic flavor substances and their contribution to the overall flavor. The results show that 76 kinds of aroma substances were detected, including 32 esters, 14 alcohols, 10 aldehydes and ketones, 4 acids, 13 terpenes and 3 other substances. Gas chromatography-olfactometry mass spectrometry analysis results show that there were 21 aroma compounds that could be smelled, and 12 key aroma compounds were identified by OAV and OSME together, including linalool (rose flowers), anisole (herbal), ethyl caprate (fruit), ethyl caproate (wine aroma) and so on. The results show that different kinds of microorganisms, fermentation methods and distillation technology significantly affected the composition and contents of flavor substances in tea aroma type distilled spirit. The results of this study have important guiding significance for the characteristic aroma characterization and quality control of tea aroma type distilled spirit. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Tea Aroma Based on CiteSpace Visual Analysis YIN Xia, HUANG Jian'an, HUANG Jing, BAO Xiaocun, ZHOU Lingyun, LI Wei, LIU Hongyan, ZHANG Shuguang, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 143-156.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.001 Abstract （1077）      PDF（pc） （1249KB）（800）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, the literatures collected by WOS (Web of science) and CNKI from 1979-2019 were taken as the research object. CiteSpace's bibliometric method was used to analyze the aroma quality of tea from the aspects of age, author, institution, country, research hotspot, evolution trend, etc. The results show that the literatures of tea aroma research had a significant growth trend since 2006. Currently, a stable core group of authors had been formed but there were little cooperation among these groups. China had the largest research influence in this field, followed by Japan and the United States. The hot research areas mainly focused on the following topics: the mechanism of aroma formation, the extraction and detection methods of aroma substances, and the key aroma compounds. According to the time zone map, the research progress and development stage of tea aroma at present were pointed out. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Black Tea on Regulating Serum Lipid in Mice Fed with a High-fat Diet CHEN Jinhua, TAN Bin, GONG Yushun, HUANG Jian′an, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (4): 384-396.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.04.012 Abstract （573）      PDF（pc） （1872KB）（798）       Knowledge map    Save ：The lipid metabolic disturbance model method was used to investigate the regulatory effects of Black Tea (BT) at different dosages (5 times, 10 times and 20 times of adult daily consumption) on serum lipid levels in hyperlipoidemia mice. In present study, blood lipid levels, body weight, and related enzymes of liver and serum were measured, and the histopathological changes in tissues of liver were also examined. It was found that the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver index were significantly lower (P<0.01) in BT-treated mice compared with the high hyperlipoidemia model mice, while serum levels of apoA1, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatictriglyceridelipase (HL) and total lipase, and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) actives and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) actives were significantly higher after treatment with BT (P<0.01). Additionally, serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was slightly increased. Moreoverr, body weight was reduced, and the liver lesions were attenuated to some degree in BT-treated mice. The results suggested that BT showed a positive effect on regulating the serum lipid and reducing the liver injury induced by high fat diet. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select The Historic Position of Hunan Tea Culture SHI Zhao-peng Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.01.001 Abstract （752）      PDF（pc） （379KB）（797）       Knowledge map    Save The historic position of Hunan tea culture was discussed from the historic legends, excavated culture relics and historic records. Some records in the “Tea Classic” by Luyu were texturally investigated by the author. The tea cup come from the Yue Zhou stove(one of six china stoves in Tang dynasty)was the texturally investigated and compared with the Changsha china stove of Tang dynasty. These two china stoves of Tang dynasty in Hunan province created ceramic glaze and decoration which had great scientific value in ancient Chinese china field. Besides, the history of Jun-shan and Bai he-lin tea mentioned in the “Tang State history” was discussed by the author also. The relationship of tea and Zen which has long controversy in tea field was discussed in the paper and agrees with the idea that the original place is the Xia Shan temple of Shi Men in Hunan province written by Yuang Wu Ke Qing in Song dynasty. The important historic role of dark tea in Hunan province in the union of all ethic groups and in the tea economy was put forward by the author. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Effect of Fu Brick Tea on Improving Metabolic Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes Mice DAI Xinyue, GE Binggang, ZHANG Xuwen, LIU Wenwu, DUAN Jichun, FU Donghe Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (1): 63-75.   Abstract （523）      PDF（pc） （1841KB）（795）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate whether Fu brick tea (FBT) water extract can attenuate metabolic disorders in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) by regulating gut microbiota, a T2DM mouse model was established with streptozocin and 400 mg·kg-1 FBT water extract administration. Diet, and water consumption, body weight, fasting glucose and glucose tolerance in mice were observed. Serum levels of insulin (INS), total bile acid (TBA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were examined. Histopathological changes of ileum and pancreas were also observed. Furthermore, fecal samples were analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The results show that FBT reduced the serum lipid metabolism levels, blood glucose, and inflammatory cytokines. Simultaneously, FBT treatment significantly ameliorated pathological changes in the pancreas and ileum. Moreover, the diversity, structure and composition of T2DM-disrupted gut microbiota were restored by the supplementation of FBT. T2DM-induced increase in the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was remarkably restored by FBT. FBT increased the growth of many key beneficial bacteria, including Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium, Enterorhabdus, Prevotella_9, A2, Acetatifactor, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Faecalibacterium, Coriobacteriaceae and Eggerthellaceae. Collectively, the study showed that FBT might alleviate dysbacteriosis and metabolic disorders in T2DM by increasing beneficial flora. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Recent Advances on Tea Flowering Mechanisms LIU Ying, HAO Xinyuan, ZHENG Mengxia, WANG Xinchao, XIAO Bin, YANG Yajun Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.001 Abstract （668）      PDF（pc） （747KB）（793）       Knowledge map    Save Flowering is an important sign of changing to reproductive growth for plants. Therefore, the formation of flower organs is important for the transmission of genetic information. Tea plant is a valuable cash crop species originated from the southwestern China, whose active blossoms last a long period. In production, the consumption of large amount of nutrients by exuberant reproductive growth seriously affects the yield and quality of tea. On the contrary, in cross breeding, tea plant has the features of self-incompatibility and low seed fertility. In order to gain insight into the timetable of floral bud differentiation and development, influencing factors and molecular regulation mechanisms, it is necessary to disclose the flowering mechanism of tea plant to provide a theoretical basis for fine breeding, high-efficiency production and improving breeding efficiency. Currently, researches on tea plant flowering had made some progresses, but not deep and systematic enough. This paper introduced recent advances in flowering regulation in tea plant and other plant species, flower bud differentiation and floral development. Useful thoughts for current problems and future research directions in tea plant flowering were also provided. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Review on Theasinensins in Tea XU Bin, XUE Jinjin, JIANG Heyuan, ZHANG Jianyong, WANG Yan Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (4): 315-323.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.04.001 Abstract （852）      PDF（pc） （714KB）（792）       Knowledge map    Save Theasinensins (TSs) are produced by oxidation of catechins. Catechins, due to tea rolling, come into and contact with enzymes during tea processing, TSs are generated. The research achievements indicated the physiological function, recently, rising concern of TSs. The article summarized the discovery of TSs, mechanism of TSs formation, analytical method, separation and preparation, pharmacological action. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Isolation of CsRAV2 Transcription Factor Gene of Tea Plant and its Expression Analysis WU Zhijun, LI Xinghui, FANG Wanping, ZHOU Lin, ZHAO Zhen, ZHUANG Jing Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (3): 297-306.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.03.013 Abstract （430）      PDF（pc） （1481KB）（792）       Knowledge map    Save The RAV transcription factor, one subfamily of AP2/ERF family transcription factor, includes several genes that encode proteins involved in the development and regulation of abiotic/biotic resistance in higher plant. The CsRAV2 genes, which encoding to the RAV transcription factor, were cloned from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cultivars ‘Anjibaicha’ and ‘Yingshuang’ by PCR and RT-PCR using DNA and cDNA as template, respectively. Then, nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequence, phylogenetic tree, and molecular modeling were predicted and analyzed. The lengths of CsRAV2 genes from the two tea plant cultivars were 1 089 bp, encoding 362 amino acids. No intron was found in the CsRAV2 gene. The transcription factor of CsRAV2 contained two distinct DNA domains mainly found in higher plants RAV family factors, one AP2 domain together with one B3 domain. The CsRAV2 were hydrophilic protein. The protein of CsRAV2 from tea plant and AtRAV from Arabidopsis had similar three-dimension structure. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the expression profiles showed that the CsRAV2 gene was tissue-specific expressed in the two tea plant cultivars. The highest expression levels of the CsRAV2 gene were found in the root. The CsRAV2 gene was induced by high temperature, low temperature, PEG and high-salinity treatment, respectively. There were differences profiles between different teacultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Review on the Changes of Biochemical Components and the Influencing Factors in Piling Process of Yellow Tea HUA Jinjie, JIANG Yongwen, YUAN Haibo, YIN Junfeng, ZHONG Weibiao, YU Shuping, XIE Qiantu Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 203-208.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.001 Abstract （586）      PDF（pc） （498KB）（791）       Knowledge map    Save During the piling process, dramatic changes of biochemical components in tea leaves are occurred under heat and humid effects: the content of chlorophyll drops sharply under oxidative degradation reactions, the composition and proportion of catechins are significantly changed under oxidation and isomerization reactions, the contents of amino acids and soluble sugar are also been changed. These changes provide an important material foundation for the unique quality formation of yellow tea: yellow soup, yellow leaves, mellow taste, etc. This paper reviewed the dynamic variation of quality biochemical compositions and microorganism in the piling process, the key influencing factors of piling process, as well as puts the prospects for the future research trends of piling technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Did the “Belt and Road” Initiative Promote the Export of China's tea? ——An Empirical Study Based on the Generalized DID WANG Chunxiao, GAO Feng, CHEN Fuqiao, ZENG Liang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (6): 865-875.   Abstract （1014）      PDF（pc） （538KB）（791）       Knowledge map    Save The “Belt and Road” Initiative is a great opportunity for China's tea export. But the existing literatures are short of the evaluation of the policy effect. Based on the panel data of China and 40 major tea importing countries and regions, the difference-in-difference model (Generalized DID) was used to evaluate the promote effect of the “Belt and Road” Initiative to China's tea export. The results show that under the control of other variables, the “Belt and Road” Initiative had a positive effect to promote the growth of the export value of China's tea. Products heterogeneity analysis shows that the “Belt and Road” Initiative significantly promoted the export growth of green tea, but it had no significant effect on black tea. In addition, among the control variables, the improvement of per capital GDP and economic openness could significantly promote the export growth of China's tea. Finally, some suggestions were put forward for China's tea export trade to seize the opportunity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Study on Screening Germplasm Resources of Tea Plant with High Ester-Catechin Content LIN Jin-ke, CHEN Rong-bin, CHEN Chang-song, YOU Xiao-mei, ZHANG Ying-gen, CHEN Lin, LI Xiu-feng Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (1): 30-36.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.01.006 Abstract （566）      PDF（pc） （418KB）（790）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen special germplasm resources of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) with high ester-catechin content, 780 tea plant resources in the Tea Variety Garden of Fujian were utilized as material. According to the appearance of tea plant, 45 tea plant resources were screened as candidate. The ester-catechin contents of spring tea shoots, summer tea shoots and autumn tea shoots in 45 cultivars or lines were analyzed by isocratic elution HPLC. The result was as follows: ester-catechin content of tea plant shoots varied greatly with cultivars or lines. In spring tea shoots, summer tea shoots, autumn tea shoots, and the ester-catechin contents in 45 cultivars or lines were in the range of 5.21%~24.03%、3.05%~20.31%、2.89%~19.66%, averaged 16.08%、14.73%、9.96%, respectively. The variation coefficients were 22.26%、24.10%、40.76%, respectively. The ester-catechin contents in the shoot of the same cultivars in different season, mostly: spring tea shoots >summer tea shoots >autumn tea shoots. There were 5 cultivars and lines(033、505、509、524、1005), which the annual average ester-catechin contents exceeded 19%. These could be considered as special tea plant germplasm resources with high ester-catechin contents and be used as important materials of both quality genetic improvement and the extraction of ester-catechin from tea plant. There were 8 cultivars and lines(033、505、509、510（1）、510（2）、524、1001、1005), which the ratio of ester-catechin contents to total catechins content exceeded 80%（ordinary level is 68%）. These could be used as special materials for extracting the tea polyphenols or catechins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Trade & Dissemination of China Dark Tea JI Xiao-ming Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (3): 159-165.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.03.001 Abstract （480）      PDF（pc） （316KB）（786）       Knowledge map    Save Dark tea has been a great part of traditional China tea. The historical trade way and the market evolution of the main kinds of dark tea, which are from Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, were discussed according to a great deal of historical records. The author believed that dark tea originated from Ya’an, and put forward some opinion and argument. The author also discussed the relationship of tea trade and historical trade achievement in northwest. The important historical role and affects on Chinese politics, economy, and culture were discussed in the paper, too. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Recent Advance on Anti-cardiovascular Inflammation of Major Characteristic Compounds in Tea YAO Min, LI Daxiang, XIE Zhongwen Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 1-14.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20191202.004 Abstract （1011）      PDF（pc） （632KB）（786）       Knowledge map    Save Chronic inflammation is one of the important causes of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and myocardial infarction. Inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β can induce many cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Tea is rich in characteristic compounds. These compounds play preventive and therapeutic roles for cardiovascular diseases by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines production, and regulating the signal pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK and Tolls-like receptors. In this review, we summarized the recent advance of the main characteristic compounds in tea on preventing inflammation related cardiovascular diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Withering Temperature on Dynamic Changes of Main Biochemical Components and Enzymatic Activity of Tea Fresh Leaves HUA Jinjie, YUAN Haibo, WANG Weiwei, JIANG Yongwen, LIU Qianlu, CHEN Gensheng, WANG Fang Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (1): 73-81.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.014 Abstract （541）      PDF（pc） （615KB）（786）       Knowledge map    Save By using of two leaves and a bud shoot as fresh tea leave material, setting three different withering temperature (20, 28, 36℃), sampled leaves with different moisture content, then the contents of tea polyphenols, total amino acids, flavonoids, total soluble protein, soluble sugar, PPO activity, and POD activity were determined to study the effect of withering temperature on dynamic changes of main biochemical components and enzymatic activity of tea fresh leaves, and the effects of different withering temperature on main biochemical components of rolled leaves, fermented leaves and fired tea were also analysed. The results show that with the increasing of withering time, moisture content of tea fresh leaves decrease gradually, the contents of tea polyphenols, total soluble protein and soluble sugar decrease gradually accordingly, and the contents of tea polyphenols were no difference between 28℃ and 36℃, but are obviously higher than that in 20℃; the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar are negatively correlated with temperature; the contents of total amino acids and flavonoids increase gradually, and are positively correlated with temperature; the released amount of CO2 decreased at first, then increase and decrease finally, and the amount is the largest when the withering light temperature is 36℃; polyphenol oxidase activity shows a slow downward trend, peroxidase activity shows an upward trend, and they are the highest at 28℃. The contents of theaflavins, thearubigins, and polyphenols are also the highest at 28℃; the results of sensory evaluation also shows that the liquor color and taste of black tea at 28℃ had the highest score, with the best quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Application of Retention Index on Volatile Compound Identification of Tea and Development of Retention Index Database LIN Jie, CHEN Ying, SHI Yuanxu, WANG Xiaochang Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (3): 261-270.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.03.008 Abstract （611）      PDF（pc） （835KB）（785）       Knowledge map    Save Standard mixture of n-alkanes and n-alkanes in samples were applied respectively to determine the retention index (RI) of tea volatiles. The linear correlation coefficients of retention time with carbon number for the two methods were both above 0.99, indicating quite good reliability for calculating RI. With the applying of RI, the correct identification rate of the volatiles increased from 46.67% to 74.67%. Meanwhile, RI enabled effective identification of the isomers contained in tea volatiles, and greatly increased the identification accuracy. Data in relevant literatures were summarized to construct a RI database for HP-innowax column. The RI database could also improve the efficiency of compound identification using HP-innowax column. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Construction of Polyphenol Self-assembly Antibacterial Biomaterials and Progress in Their Applications XU Wei, YU Rongxin, ZHANG Xiangchun, ZHANG Yiwen, CHEN Hongping, TIAN Baoming, ZHENG Qinqin, WU Yuanyuan, XIA Chen, WEI Bing Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 1-15.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.004 Abstract （677）      PDF（pc） （4782KB）（785）       Knowledge map    Save Bacterial infection, a leading cause of global mortality, can result in various diseases. While antibiotics are the primary treatment for infections, their excessive and irrational use has led to the emergence of a variety of bacterial drug resistance, posing a serious threat to human health. Plant polyphenols have natural antibacterial properties, but the instability of the phenolic hydroxyl structure limits their bioavailability. To solve this problem, researchers have explored the self-assembly of polyphenols with other substances to construct new nano-biomaterials. These biomaterials not only enhance the stability and bioavailability of polyphenols but also exhibit synergistic antibacterial activity, showing a great promise in the field of antibacterial applications. This review examined the construction strategies and antibacterial properties of different types of polyphenol self-assembled biomaterials developed in recent years, including polyphenol-metal, polyphenol-hydrogel, polyphenol-chitosan, polyphenol-protein and polyphenol-liposome. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects of the novel polyphenol self-assembling biomaterials in the field of antibacterial application were discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 1-6.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.001 Abstract （337）      PDF（pc） （57KB）（784）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Miang (Thai Fermented Tea) and Its Cuisine BOUPHUN Tunyaluk, XU Wei, JIANG Yihe, ZHU Qi Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 645-652.   Abstract （2109）      PDF（pc） （1011KB）（783）       Knowledge map    Save Miang is an edible pickled tea or traditional tea leaf fermented product in household by local people in northern Thailand, which is made from the fresh tea leaves. This article went through the history of Miang, discussed its standard and method of plucking, stated the similar teas made in other Asian countries, such as China, Japan, Laos and Myanmar. Miang has long history and is very important for the northern Thai local economy. It also discussed its chemical constituents and the microorganisms responsible for the natural fermentation process as well as its benefits derived by humans. Challenges faced in the conducting its manufacturing industry and promoting it for better development in the future were also introduced. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on The Status of Chinese Tea Consumption and Factors of Tea Consumer’s Behavior GUAN Xi, YANG Jiang-fan, XIE Xiang-ying, LIN Li-qiong Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (6): 546-551.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.06.006 Abstract （900）      PDF（pc） （619KB）（783）       Knowledge map    Save By using logistic models and data from China Health and Nutrition Survey, the paper analyze the status of tea consumption in China and its influencing factors. The results showed that the consumer's age, gender, urban and rural areas, education, income and region affect the drinking behavior of consumers, the factor of age, education level and income showed significant positive effect on the consumer’s drinking, while male and urban consumers have higher possibility of drinking tea comparing to the female and rural consumer, and consumers in central-eastern region have lower possibility of drinking tea comparing to the western consumers. Based on the conclusion, the corresponding policy recommendations were put forward. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Review on Enzymatic Biosynthesis of Theanine CHEN Lin, ZHANG Zheng-zhu, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Ying-gen, WAN Xiao-chun Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.01.001 Abstract （643）      PDF（pc） （350KB）（781）       Knowledge map    Save As a characteristic component in tea plant (Camellia sinensis), theanine has many favorable physiological effects, such as promoting relaxation, enhancing memory, neuroprotection, modulation of chemotherapy, etc. So far, seven kinds of enzyme have been discovered by which theanine can be synthesized. They are respectively named as theanine synthetase, glutamine synthetase, γ-glutamylmethylamide synthetase, glutamate synthetase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutaminase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. The two representative reaction types for theanine biosynthesis are linking reaction between glutamic acid and ethylamine in the presence of ATP and γ-glutamyl transfer reaction in which γ-glutamyl group from hydrolysis of glutamine is transferred to ethylamine. In order to apply and develop the exiting methods for microbial production of theanine, the ways involved in enzymatic synthesis of theanine are systematically summarized in this paper. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Study on Main Microbes on Quality Formation of Yunnan Puer Tea during Pile-fermentation Process ZHOU Hong-jie, LI Jia-hua, ZHAO Long-fei, Han Jun, YANG Xing-ji, YANG Wei, WU Xin-zhuang Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (3): 212-218.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.03.012 Abstract （775）      PDF（pc） （976KB）（779）       Knowledge map    Save The investigation on microbes during the pile-fermentation process of Yunnan puer tea shows that the main microbes are Aspergillus niger, Penicllium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus gloucus, Saccharomyces, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus candidus, Bacterium etc. The number of Aspergillus niger is the most among them, and it produce glucoamylase, pectinase, cellulase ect. The next is Saccharomyces. Besides it possesses rich nutrition which is helpful to human heath, enzymatic system, physiologicial active substances, the yeast can produce vitamin B1, B2 and C etc. These microbes play direct and indirect roles on quality formation of puer tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress on the Modification of Tea Polyphenols and Antioxidant Properties of Lipid-soluble Tea Polyphenols YING Le, ZHANG Shi-kang, WANG Yue-fei, ZHU Yue-jin, YANG Xian-qiang Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 511-515.   Abstract （645）      PDF（pc） （180KB）（768）       Knowledge map    Save Producing good quality lipid-soluble tea polyphenols (LTP) was the research focus at home and abroad. Tea polyphenols’ modification by solvent, emulsion and molecular modification were reviewed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages among these three methods were compared. The antioxidant properties of liphophilic tea polyphenols and its mechanism were introduced. Its antioxidant properties in different antioxidant systems were compared. And the application of LTP as antioxidants was forecasted. At the same time, the developing direction of LTP production was proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(15) Select Research Progress of N- methyltransferases Involved in Caffeine Biosynthesis YAN Changyu, REN Qiujing, CHEN Xiaofang, LI Bin, CHEN Zhongzheng Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (6): 531-540.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.06.013 Abstract （745）      PDF（pc） （697KB）（767）       Knowledge map    Save Caffeine is one of the main quality and functional components in beverage such as tea, coffee, etc. At present, a xanthosine→7-methylxanthosine→7-methylxanthine→theobromine→caffeine pathway is supported as the major route to caffeine, and it is synthesized through three methylation reactions by N- methyltransferase and a nucleosidase reaction by nucleoside hydrolase. N- methyltransferases(NMTs) are important enzymes in caffeine synthesis process. In this paper, the profile of caffeine in plant and the pathway of caffeine synthesis were introduced, and the research progress on the enzymology properties, gene cloning and expression, the relationship of gene function and structure of NMTs involved in caffeine biosynthesis were mainly reviewed. Finally, the research emphasis in the field for the future was discussed and prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Study on Chemistry and Bioactivities of Tea Polysaccharides XU Zhong-xi, WANG Kun-bo Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (2): 75-81.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.02.001 Abstract （558）      PDF（pc） （280KB）（766）       Knowledge map    Save The recent researches have found that tea polysaccharide has many bioactivities, such as anti-thrombosis, reducing blood-sugar, blood-lipid and pressure depressing and strengthening the body's immunity. It can be used in curing diabetes and cardiovascular disorder as healthy foods and subsidiary medicine. The methods of extraction and purification, determination of purity and molecular weight, chemical composition, and bioactivities of tea polysaccharide are summarized. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(39) Select Research Advance of Tea Plant Genome and Sequencing Technologies WANG Pengjie, YANG Jiangfan, ZHANG Xingtan, YE Naixing Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (6): 743-752.   Abstract （1260）      PDF（pc） （564KB）（763）       Knowledge map    Save The tea plant has the characteristics of high heterozygosity, large genome and high duplication, which has led to the slow progress of the preliminary research on the tea plant genomes. The rapid development of genome sequencing technologies has strongly promoted the deciphering and improvement of the tea plant genomes. This article reviewed the development of genome sequencing technologies, and classified the assembly and research progress of tea plant genomes in recent years according to the draft level, chromosome level and haplotype level. By discussing the future application and development direction of tea plant genomes, it provided a reference for the functional genomics research and precision molecular breeding in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Tea Rhizosphere Microorganisms HUANG Fangfang, LI Qin, HUANG Jian'an Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 715-723.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.002 Abstract （735）      PDF（pc） （339KB）（762）       Knowledge map    Save The rhizosphere microbial community is rich in variety and quantity, which affects the physiology and development of plants and is called the second genome of plants. The specific ecosystem of tea rhizosphere is very important for the growth and health of tea plants, and understanding the microbes in the rhizosphere of tea plants is very important to improve the function of its rhizosphere ecosystems. Based on the ecological functions of rhizosphere microorganisms and the progress of their research methods, the research progress of tea rhizosphere microorganisms from the aspects of the diversity of tea rhizosphere microorganisms, its influencing factors and prospects for the urgent research directions was summarized. The paper provided a reference for improving the micro-environment of tea plants and tea quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (02): 171-176.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.02.002 Abstract （509）      PDF（pc） （100KB）（760）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Tea Quality Control and Equipment Development REN Guangxin, JIN Shanshan, LI Luqing, NING Jingming, ZHANG Zhengzhu Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 707-714.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.001 Abstract （1025）      PDF（pc） （1236KB）（756）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is an economic crop with Chinese characteristics and a high value-added natural beverage. Rapid and accurate nutrition diagnosis and quality monitoring are inevitable requirements for ensuring the quality of tea products. The limitations of traditional tea quality assessment methods and recent emerging rapid detection techniques were revealed in this study. The characteristics of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology and the evolution of keywords from the published studies on the application of the NIRS method in the field of tea were presented. The research progress on the rapid detection of key components of tea products, the quality control of tea products, the development of the digital fast NIRS analyzer, and the development of technical standards were reviewed in detail. The development directions of the NIRS technology in the field of tea analysis were proposed and discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Matcha Powder with Different Particle Sizes ZHANG Hui, WANG Huifang, LIU Yanyan, FAN Zhengrong, ZHANG Zhengzhu, LIU Zhengquan Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 464-473.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.012 Abstract （915）      PDF（pc） （870KB）（753）       Knowledge map    Save Taking the physicochemical characteristics as indicators, the tea was superfine grinding by a production type ball mill to obtain Matcha with medium particle size of 117.094, 60.176, 40.041, 30.646, 25.282, 21.090, 19.199 and 14.209 µm, and to explore the physicochemical characteristics of Matcha at different particle sizes. The results show that with the pulverization time prolonged, the particle size of the powder gradually decreased and the degree of cell breakage increased remarkably. However, the functional group structure of the main component of the tea powder did not change. When the particle size was refined to a certain extent, the specific surface area and surface energy increased, the particles were in an unstable energy state, and prone to adhesion and agglomeration. The bulk density of the powder reduced, which was related to the increase of the porosity of the powder. Due to the increased specific surface area of the tea sample, the internal substances of the powder exposed, so that the water content and total water content reduced. The brightness of tea powder gradually increased, and the greenness increased. With the pulverization time prolonged, the content of tea polyphenols, free amino acids and other substances increased first and then decreased, while the contents of ascorbic acid and EGCG tended to reduce. The above results show that the superfine grinding process had a significant impact on the physicochemical characteristics of Matcha. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Characteristics of Cream Formation in Green Tea Infusion XU Yong-quan, YIN Jun-feng Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 527-532.   Abstract （517）      PDF（pc） （222KB）（752）       Knowledge map    Save The characteristic of green tea cream formation was studied by comparing the amount of tea cream, the contents and participation ratio of the main chemical components in cold green tea infusion. The results showed that the amount of tea cream from different green tea infusions vary significantly. Protein, caffeine, polyphenols, flavones, ester-catechins (including EGCG, GCG, ECG and CG), Ca2+, Na+ and Ni2+ were found to be prone to participate in green tea cream formation. Stepwise regression analysis shows caffeine and ester-catechins were the principal constitutes of green tea cream, and the amount of tea cream could be forecasted by their contents: Cream (g/L)=-172.071+0.129×Ccaffeine+0.024×Cesters-catechins (R2=0.936). The results of this study will help to reveal the mechanism of green tea cream formation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Characterization of the Key Aroma in Corn-scented Congou Black Tea Manufactured from Camellia nanchuanica by Sensory Omics Techniques OUYANG Ke, ZHANG Cheng, LIAO Xueli, KUN Jirui, TONG Huarong Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 397-408.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220506.003 Abstract （625）      PDF（pc） （1290KB）（751）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia nanchuanica is endemic to Nanchuan district, Chongqing and has a high development value. In this study, the characteristic aroma of corn-scented Congou black tea from Camellia nanchuanica was analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), odor activity value (OAV) and aroma character impact value (ACI). The results show that 22 key aroma compounds with OAVs≥1 were identified in the corn-scented black tea. Dimethyl sulfide had the highest OAV (1 187.32), and its ACI was 51.56%. A total of 26 odor-active compounds were perceived by GC-O. Dimethyl sulfide had a higher olfactory intensity, which had a “corn-like” odor. The results obtained by the OAV approaches and by GC-O method for key aroma identification were in good agreement. The importance of dimethyl sulfide in corn-scented black tea was verified by aroma recombination and omission test. Focusing on the analysis of the active aromas of corn-scented black tea would provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of this prized tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Metabolomics Application in the Study of Tea Quality Formation YU Xinlei, AI Yujie, QU Fengfeng, AI Zeyi, LIU Shuyuan, CHEN Yuqiong, NI Dejiang Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 20-32.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.003 Abstract （1097）      PDF（pc） （795KB）（751）       Knowledge map    Save Metabolomics, an important branch of systems biology, mainly study the changes of small molecule metabolites affected by the internal and external environments (gene or environmental changes). Metabolomics has been widely applied in the field of natural medicine development, botany, microbiology and food safety researches. The application of metabolomics in tea science has also been developed rapidly in recent years. In this article, the application of metabolomics in three major aspects of tea researches (growth and development, the quality formation during processing and the evaluation of tea function) was reviewed and discussed. We believed that metabolomics would play an irreplaceable role in the analysis of gene function, the regulation of metabolic network, the cultivation and the quality improvement in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Changes of China's Tea Production Layout WU Qinyao, YANG Jiangfan, LIN Cheng, GUAN Xi Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (2): 290-300.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20211210.001 Abstract （736）      PDF（pc） （554KB）（750）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the agricultural location theory, comparative advantage theory and rational "economic man" hypothesis, a theoretical analysis framework taking cultural factors and factors affecting the changes in China's tea production layout into account was constructed using data from 16 tea-producing provinces across the country from 1993 to 2018. The panel data of the district expounded the characteristics and laws of the changes in China's tea production layout, and clarified the main influencing factors and driving mechanisms that affected the changes in China's tea production layout. The results show that: (1) After the reform and opening up, from 1993 to 2018, China's tea industry had agglomerated and expanded in terms of production scale, and the tea production space had changed significantly, with significant differences in characteristics. (2) The layout of tea yield was based on natural resources, consumer demand, and culture. The factors like technological progress and social and economic factors had a profound impact on the layout of tea production over time, and resulted in differences in tea-producing provinces across the country. (3) Natural resources and technological progress were the basis and prerequisite for changes in the layout of tea production. The decisive conditions for changes in the layout of tea production were consumer demand and socio-economic factors. Brand building and policy support were also important supplementary factors for the current development of the tea industry. On this basis, this article proposed to optimize the layout of tea production according to local conditions, strengthen the protection of land resources, rationally plan the area of tea gardens, maintain the continuous and stable development of the tea industry, attach importance to technological innovation and application to improve the level of tea yields and use the inter-regional interaction of tea production to achieve policy recommendations such as improving the overall efficiency of the tea industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification investigation of Tea Based on HSI Color Space and Figure WANG Jian, DU Shi-ping Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (6): 420-424.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.001 Abstract （529）      PDF（pc） （527KB）（748）       Knowledge map    Save The figure characteristics of tea and improved neural-network, computer vision and image processing were combined together to realize automatic identification of external quality of tea leaf. Firstly a tea-leaf image was obtained by a digital camera directly. The parameters of tea HSI model and parameters of the figure was extracted to identify tea leaf after image conversion and preprocess. Then completed automatically identify of tea-leaf through the Genetical-Neural network. The experiments reveal that the method improves the consistence between computer inspection and manual inspection. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11) Select Productivity and Quality Response of Tea to Balanced Nutrient Management Including K and Mg RUAN Jian-yun, WU Xun Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (s1): 21-26.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.s1.005 Abstract （589）      PDF（pc） （294KB）（744）       Knowledge map    Save This paper summarized results of experiments with potassium and magnesium fertilization on different tea types, carried out in various tea growing areas of China. Analysis of typical soil samples from various tea growing regions indicated that the supplying capacities of K and Mg in more than half samples were classified as deficient and did not meet the demands of tea plant under present production levels. Fertilization with K and Mg greatly increased yields of the major tea types, e.g. green tea, black tea, and Oolong tea. In addition to improved productivity, it is shown that quality, e.g. free amino acids, polyphenols, caffeine as well as theaflavin and thearubigin contents of black tea were largely increased. Resistances to drought and diseases were also improved by K application. Field experiments showed that potassium chloride had similar effect as potassium sulphate. The overall results confirmed that balanced nutrition including the nutrients K and Mg is an important measure to improve productivity of tea. A preliminary recommendation of K and Mg fertilization rates based on soil K and Mg status was proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(32) Select Research Advance in Synthesis and Pharmacological Effects of EGCG Derivatives LIU Min, RAO Guowu, HUA Yunfen Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (2): 119-130.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.02.002 Abstract （785）      PDF（pc） （800KB）（744）       Knowledge map    Save (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the important catechins in tea, has efficient bioactivity of cell experiment in vitro and animal models in vivo. However, it was not being fully utilized because of the disadvantages of poor liposolubility and stability, as well as low bioavailability, which was resulted from its ‘polyhydroxy’ chemical structure. Excitingly, the molecular modification would be used to improve the physicochemical character of EGCG. This review will summarize the methods on molecular modification of EGCG and investigation of biological activities, which hopes to provide worthful references to the further study of EGCG. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Application of Enzyme Engineering Technology in Tea Deep-processing and Its Perspectives WANG Bin, JIANG He-yuan, ZHANG Jiang-yong, WANG Yan, HUANG Yong-dong Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 521-526.   Abstract （433）      PDF（pc） （240KB）（741）       Knowledge map    Save This paper summarized the application situation of enzyme engineering technology in the biosynthesis of theaflavins, theanine and catechins (EGCG) derivatives, the extraction of polyphenols and polysaccharide, the clarification and flavor preservation of tea beverage in recent years, and discussed the perspectives of enzyme engineering technology applying in tea deep-processing in the coming future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Effect of Ca2+ on the Chemical Components and Sensory Quality of Extracted Green Tea Infusion XU Yong-quan, CHEN Gen-sheng, ZHONG Xiao-yu, WANG Fang, YANG Yu-zhou, YUAN Hai-bo, YIN Jun-feng Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (3): 230-236.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.03.010 Abstract （718）      PDF（pc） （361KB）（739）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of different Ca2+ concentration（0~100mg/L）on the chemical components and sensory quality of extracted green tea infusion was investigated. The results showed that, with the increasing of Ca2+ concentration, the turbidity of tea infusion increased, pH decreased; the contents of total solids and free amino acids increased, the contents of tea polyphenols and protein decreased, but there was no significant difference in the contents of caffeine and flavones; the contents of EGC increased, the contents of C, EGCG, GCG, ECG and CG decreased, but there was no significant difference in the contents of EC; the contents of Al3+, Cu2+, Na+, Zn2+ decreased, and the contents of K+, Mg2+, Mn2+ increased; tea infusion turned turbid, ripe and sulks odour enhanced, and bitter and astringency strengthened. The effect of Ca2+ on tea infusion quality maybe arisen by participating in tea cream formation, inducing epimerisation of catechins and appearing decomposition reaction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Correlation Analysis Between Selenium Accumulation in Tea Leaves and Soil Factors in Selenium-rich Areas ZHANG Haojie, HAO Xinyuan, ZHOU Chao, WANG Lu, WANG Xinchao, YANG Yajun, ZENG Jianming, SUN Lengxue, DAI Juhui, XIANG Jun, LUO Hong, WANG Chaoyang, ZHANG Xiangui, LIU Tao Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 465-477.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.04.003 Abstract （725）      PDF（pc） （2170KB）（739）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant is a selenium-rich species and selenium-enriched tea products consumption is a safe and effective way to replenish selenium. Though the selenium content in fresh tea leaves can be affected by many environmental factors, selenium accumulation characteristics and main influencing factors of tea plants in selenium-rich areas were rarely reported. In this study, adult tea plants and rhizosphere soils from tea plantations in Enshi, Hubei and Ankang, Shaanxi were taken as research objects. Combined with various indicators such as total selenium content in soil and plant samples, the effect of selenium content in rhizosphere soil on the accumulation characteristics of selenium in tea plant was clarified. In addition, the importance of 9 important soil characteristics related factors such as soil pH and selenium content in selenium-rich areas were analyzed. Through grouping and overall correlation analysis of 186 representative soil samples and fresh tea samples, it was confirmed that there was a significant correlation between the total selenium contents in teas and soils (correlation coefficient r=0.59, P<0.01). Moreover, the total selenium content in tea was also significantly related to organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen, zinc contents in soil and sulfur, zinc contents in shoots. The related factors of selenium content in soils and teas in Ankang and Enshi areas were also analyzed. A reliable mathematical model of selenium content in tea shoots on soil organic matter, sulfur, selenium and zinc contents was proposed. The goodness of fit was 0.512 6, reaching a highly significant level (P<0.01). The above results were of great significance to improve the production technology of selenium-enriched fresh tea leaves in selenium-enriched tea areas and further revealed the selenium accumulation mechanism in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Different Drying Technologies during Raw Tea Processing on the Quality of Green Tea Beverage YUAN Haibo, HUA Jinjie, DENG Yuliang, LI Jia, DONG Chunwang, YANG Yanqin, WANG Jinjin, HUANG Yinquan, YIN Junfeng, JIANG Yongwen Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 631-637.   Abstract （607）      PDF（pc） （340KB）（736）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the appropriate drying technology during raw tea processing, leaching behaviors and quality stabilities of tea samples prepared from raw materials dried by different methods or degree of drying were compared. The results revealed that (1) Raw tea dried by frying showed the highest contents of tea polyphenols when processed under low temperature, whereas those dried by baking-frying, or baking-frying-backing showed the highest contents of tea polyphenols when processed under high temperature. (2) In respect of color stability, tea soup prepared from baking-dried tea showed significantly elevated L value after sterilization or during storage, with the average L value increased by 2.035-3.905. Meanwhile tea soup prepared from baking-dried tea also showed higher anti-discoloration, with a/b value during low-temperature storage increased by 19.5%. (3) In respect to sensory flavor, most tea soups showed yellow-green color and ripe aroma while tea samples processed by baking-drying remained green, bright and fresh without any ripe taste. Besides, tea samples processed by baking-drying also showed superior flavor stability during storage irrespective of temperatures. In conclusion, baking approach during raw tea process was proposed with the optimized drying content between 5%-6%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Corpulent-reducing Function of Tea GONG Jin-yan, JIAO Mei, WU Xiao-qin, ZHANG Ying Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (3): 179-184.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.03.014 Abstract （758）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（731）       Knowledge map    Save Obesity may occur after long period of disorders in appetite and energy metabolism regulations. With the increasing of obesity incidence, searching for the high effective corpulent-reducing medicine became the common wish of research. Tea has been widely used as healthy drink for thousands of years, its function of corpulent-reducing has brought more and more attention all over the world. In this paper, researches of corpulent-reducing function of tea and its mechanism have been summarized. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(19) Select The Ameliorative Effect of L-theanine on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-induced Depression in Rats PENG Bin, LIU Zhonghua, LIN Yong, LIN Haiyan, HUANG Jian'an Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (4): 355-363.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.04.006 Abstract （629）      PDF（pc） （826KB）（730）       Knowledge map    Save The ameliorative effect of L-theanine on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in rats and the possible mechanism were investigated. The model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats was established, and the antidepressant effect of L-theanine was evaluated through sucrose preference test, open-field test and light/dark box test. Then, the contents of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), adrencocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined by ELISA analysis for exploring the underlying mechanism. Also, the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum and hippocampus were measured. The results showed that, compared with control group, the percentage of sucrose preference, the numbers of crossing and rearing, and the number of entries into light box and total duration time in model group were very significantly lower, which demonstrated the model was successfully established. Compared to the model group, the behavior of CUMS-induced depression was significantly ameliorated by the administration of L-theanine, especially that with high dose. Meanwhile, L-theanine could significantly increase the contents of 5-HT and NA, decrease the contents of ACTH and CORT in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats, increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and prefrontal cortex, which further demonstrated the antidepressant function of L-theanine. The underlying mechanism might be mainly related to the enhanced secretion of monoamine neurotransmitter. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Study on the Change of Aroma Constituents During Pu-erh Tea Process LU Hai-peng, ZHONG Qiu-sheng, WANG Li, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (2): 95-101.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.003 Abstract （518）      PDF（pc） （254KB）（729）       Knowledge map    Save The change of aroma constituents in Pu-erh raw tea during the pile-fermentation process were determined by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Results showed that the alcohols and hydrocarbons decreased distinctively, however, the heterocyclic oxygen compounds and esters increased distinctively during the pile-fermentation process. 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene was the most abundant component among the heterocyclic oxygen compounds, and its content reached the highest when the pile-fermentation process finished, and some main aromatic components, and relative contents which were obvious differences in Pu-erh raw tea and Pu-erh tea were analyzed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(32) Select Advances on the Research of Fungi in Pu-erh Tea ZHAO Zhenjun, LIU Qinjin Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (3): 205-212.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.03.001 Abstract （504）      PDF（pc） （651KB）（728）       Knowledge map    Save During the process of Pu-erh tea post-fermentation, fungal action plays an important role in forming its specific flavor and taste. This paper summarizes the fungal colonization, the effect of fungi on the quality of Pu-erh tea and also introduces the safety of fungi. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Preparation, Analysis and Application of Black Tea Flavor Used in Cigarette JIANG Mei-hong, BAO Chong-yan, NIAN Xiao-kui, LIU Li-fen, ZHU Dong-lai, ZHE Wei Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (2): 117-119.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.02.004 Abstract （527）      PDF（pc） （403KB）（727）       Knowledge map    Save The black tea flavor used in cigarette was made from Yunnan black tea leaf by using special technique. The product possessed the characteristic aroma of Yunnan black tea and as well as the flavor roasting aroma. The volatile compositions in the flavor were collected with SDE, and forty-eight compositions were identified and determined by GC-MS, the flavor substances contained in tobacco, such as (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol,1,6- octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, phenylethyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol were been defined there, those low aliphatic acids 2-methyl-butanoic acid, hexanoic acid and benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, 3-methyl-butanal, etc are important ingredients which devoted to the tobacco. The black tea cigarette flavor was added into cigarettes as tobacco flavoring and evaluated by panelists, the results indicated that the extract could enrich the tobacco flavor, reduce the irritancy of smoke and improve taste obviously. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Differences of Phenolic Components in Puer Raw Tea with Various Storage Periods and Their Effects on the in vitro Antioxidant Capacities MA Bingsong, WANG Jiacai, XU Chengcheng, REN Xiaoying, MA Cunqiang, ZHOU Binxing Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (1): 51-62.   Abstract （742）      PDF（pc） （1203KB）（726）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the changes of phenolic compounds and other quality components and their influences on antioxidant abilities during the storage and aging of puer tea, contents of 17 phenolic compounds, 3 purine alkaloids and other quality components in 18 puer tea samples of 6 series with 3 different storage periods were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other methods. Additionally, in vitro antioxidant abilities including ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH scavenging ability (DPPH), ABTS free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (HSA) and superoxide anion radical scavenging ability (SSA) were determined in all puer raw teas. Combined with sensory evaluation results, multivariate statistical analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to realize the discrimination between new and aged tea during the storage. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed 7 catechins were highly significantly (P<0.01) decreased, while ellagic acid and flavonoids like quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol levels were also highly significantly (P<0.01) increased during the storage and aging. And, new puer tea had the highest FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, but the lowest SSA compared with the aging and aged puer teas. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed that the catechins including catechin (C), gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) impacted FRAP, DPPH and ABTS of puer raw tea during the storage and aging. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Antifungal Effect and Mechanism of Berberine on Different Colletotrichum Species Causing Tea Brown Blight Disease ZHANG Zhipeng, CHENG Qinghua, XIE Jingkang, WAN Yuhe, TONG Huarong, CHEN Yingjuan Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 367-375.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.03.006 Abstract （540）      PDF（pc） （2110KB）（722）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the application prospects of berberine on the prevention and control of tea diseases, the antifungal activity of berberine against five different Colletotrichum species (C. fioriniae, C. karstii, C. chongqinggense, C. camelliae and C. gloeosporioides) were studied and the differences in antifungal activities were compared. The results show that berberine has the best inhibitory effect on both C. camelliae and C. chongqinggense, reaching 100% at the concentration of 12 mg·mL-1, followed by C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii and C. fioriniae. The EC50 (Concentration for 50% of maximal effect) of the five Colletotrichum species were 2.828, 3.288, 4.164, 4.778 mg·mL-1 and 5.104 mg·mL-1, respectively. The conidial and hyphal morphology of five Colletotrichum species under the treatment of berberine were examined, showing that berberine had a significant impact on the mycelial and conidial growth of five Colletotrichum species. With the increase of berberine concentration, part of hyphae expanded irregularly and the conidia grew abnormally. Results of the biological activity of Colletotrichum species show that the cell structure was damaged, the permeability of cell membrane was increased and the cell oxidative stress response was enhanced. Results of this study firstly confirm the antifungal activity and application prospects of berberine against Colletotrichum species, which provided a new approach and theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tea disease caused by Colletotrichum. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Response Analysis of the CsMDHAR Gene Under the Abiotic Stress in Camellia sinensis LIN Shijia, LI Hui, LIU Hao, TENG Ruimin, LIU Jingyu, WANG Shuang, ZHUANG Jing Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 495-505.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.001 Abstract （655）      PDF（pc） （1290KB）（719）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, a MDHAR gene (CsMDHAR) was cloned from Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Longjing 43’ based on the transcriptome data of tea plant. Sequence analysis shows that the open reading frame length of CsMDHAR was 1β305βbp, encoding 434 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 47.21βkDa and the theoretical isoelectric point of 5.99. CsMDHAR was a hydrophilic protein, including two unordered regions and 32 phosphorylation sites. CsMDHAR belonged to Pyr-redox-2 super-family containing a highly conserved region called FAD domain, and mainly composed of α-helix and random coil. PlantCARE and PLACE database prediction analysis suggest that there were many cis-elements related to light, hormones and stress resistance in the 1β000βbp upstream region of CsMDHAR gene. The expression profiles of CsMDHAR, CsAO and CsAPX in tea cv ‘Longjing 43’ and ‘Yingshuang’ under high temperature, low temperature, drought, and salt treatments were detected by qRT-PCR. The results indicate that the expression profiles of CsMDHAR, CsAO and CsAPX were suppressed under 4℃, and there were no significantly differences in ‘Longjing 43’ and ‘Yingshuang’. However, the expression profiles of CsMDHAR gene were upregulated under 38℃ or 200βg·L-1 PEG treatments in ‘Longjing 43’, with the highest 2.5 and 5 times of the control at 8βh and 2βh, respectively. In addition, the expression trends of CsAO and CsAPX in both cultivars were similar under NaCl (200βmmol·L-1) treatment, but the variation ranges were different, which might be related to the different stress response in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances in the Application of Metabolomics in the Study of Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism of Tea Plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] MAO Chun, HE Ji, WEN Xuefeng, WU Chuanmei, YI Chengxi, LIAN Jianhong, GUO Wenmin Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 607-620.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.009 Abstract （754）      PDF（pc） （477KB）（717）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is a leafy perennial crop, and its physiological metabolism is significantly affected by external environmental factors. Main biochemical components such as amino acids, caffeine and tea polyphenols not only give tea unique flavor quality and health characteristics, but also are important contributors to the resistance of tea plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Metabolomics technologies have the characteristics of high throughput, high sensitivity and systematization. They can identify and quantify tea metabolites comprehensively, accurately and quickly. The in-depth study of metabolomics provides a technical platform for the further development and utilization of tea metabolites. This paper reviewed the applications of metabolomics in the study of physiological and biochemical metabolism (photosynthesis, respiration, carbon and nitrogen metabolism) and metabolism of main quality biochemical components (flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, etc.) of tea plants in recent years, and prospected the future applications of metabolomics in the field of tea, so as to provide some theoretical references for further tea management, cultivar breeding and quality improvement. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Glyphosate and Aminomethyl Phosphonic Acid Residue in Green Tea by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry YANG Yaqin, FENG Shuhui, HU Yongjian, LI Yuanyuan, WANG Huifeng, LIU Jinxi, ZHONG Hongjian Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 125-132.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20191202.003 Abstract （839）      PDF（pc） （791KB）（716）       Knowledge map    Save An efficient method for the determination of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) in green tea was developed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Green tea samples were extracted with water, preliminary purified by dichloromethane and followed by purification with PCX and HLB combined solid phase extraction columns, derived with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butanol (HFB), then determined by GC-MS. For glyphosate, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 mg·kg-1, showing good linearity with coefficient R2=0.999 3 in the concentration range from 2-100 ng·mL-1. For AMPA, itsLOQ was 0.02 mg·kg-1, showing good linearity with coefficient R2=0.999 2 in the concentration range from 1-100 ng·mL-1. At the spiked levels of 0.25 mg·kg-1 and 0.50 mg·kg-1, the average recoveries of glyphosate in green tea were 90.8% and 93.2%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.93% and 6.74%. At the spiked levels of 0.10 mg·kg-1 and 0.20 mg·kg-1, the average recoveries of AMPA in green tea were 85.8% and 95.4%, with RSD of 10.5% and 5.16%. The proper impurity purification, small impurity interference and high recovery rate made this method suitable for residue detection of glyphosate and its metabolite APMA in green tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Development of a CRISPR/Cas9 Constructed for Genome Editing of Caffeine Synthase in Camellia sinensis TANG Yuwei, LIU Liping, WANG Ruoxian, CHEN Yuhong, LIU Zhonghua, LIU Shuoqian Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (4): 414-426.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.04.010 Abstract （966）      PDF（pc） （1013KB）（716）       Knowledge map    Save CRISPR/Cas9 technology (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) is a novel and powerful approach for targeted genome editing, such as targeted gene knock out or site-directed mutagenesis in a simple and easy way. Since its establishment, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique has been successfully applied in many eukaryotic organisms, including more than 10 plant species. However, it has not been available for genome editing of tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] due to the difficulty in constructing CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector. The present work developed an efficient method to construct a CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector for genome editing a tea caffeine synthase (TCS) by using general PCR, overlapping PCR and golden gate cloning technology. The present work would promote the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in genomic modification in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison and Analysis of Characteristic Aroma Components of Eight Main Jasmine Teas in Fuzhou FU Tianlong, GUO Chen, FU Tianpu, PENG Shanshan, LIN Xingrong, RAO Genghui, CHEN Nan, ZHANG Junjie Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (5): 656-664.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.011 Abstract （1454）      PDF（pc） （348KB）（712）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, the simultaneous distillation and extraction method and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the aroma components of eight different jasmine teas in Fuzhou. At the same time, the internal standard method was used to determine the relative content of each aroma, and the results were compared and analyzed. The results show that there were more than 47-55 kinds of volatile components with 26 common volatile components, including alcohols, aldehydes, esters, acids, ketones, phenyl, heterocyclic compounds, hydrocarbons and a small amount of other compounds. The range of terpene index was 0.937-0.970. The range of JTF index was 2.752-5.632. According to the comprehensive assessment, the grades of eight jasmine teas were evaluated. As a whole, jasmine Longya, jasmine Zhenwang and ecological scented tea had the highest quality, followed by jasmine Yinhao, jasmine Longhao, and jasmine Dabaihao, while the qualities of jasmine Bailongzhu and premium scented tea were the lowest. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for distinguishing jasmine tea quality in Fuzhou effectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Dynamic Change of Main Biochemical Components of Premium Green Tea Fresh Leaves during Spreading YIN Jun-feng, XU Yong-quan, YUAN Hai-bo, YU Shu-ping, WEI Kun-kun, CHEN Jian-xin, WANG Fang, WU Rong-mei Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (2): 102-110.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.004 Abstract （672）      PDF（pc） （289KB）（712）       Knowledge map    Save By using of a leaf and a bud shoot as fresh tea leaves material, and spread continuously (78%~61%), spread leaves with different moisture content were fixed with liquid nitrogen and freeze-dried. then the contents of tea polyphenols and catechin components, total amino acids and free components, caffeine, total chlorophyll, Vc and total soluble sugar were determined to study the dynamic change of biochemical components of fresh tea leaves during spreading. Results showed that with increasing of spreading time, moisture content of fresh tea leaves decreased rapidly gradually, weight of dry substance decreased; contents of tea polyphenols and total catechins decreased at first and then increased during spreading, total esters-catechins decreased gradually, but GC could not be detected in fresh tea leaves and spread tea leaves, content of total amino acids increased, but different free amino acid have different changing trends during spreading; content of caffeine and total soluble sugar increased while total chlorophyll and Vc decreased gradually. Different biochemical components of fresh tea leaves changes in different rules during spreading. This study provides supplied some theory for improving the quality of premium green tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(48) Select Research Progress and Discussion on Fungal Contamination of Dark Tea JIANG Yihe, XU Wei, ZHU Qi Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 227-236.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.002 Abstract （643）      PDF（pc） （1086KB）（705）       Knowledge map    Save Microbial extracellular enzyme catalytic activity is the key factor of dark tea quality formation, and the later storage causes changes in the microbiological system in dark tea. To explore the potential food safety risks of fungus system in dark tea products, the research results of dark tea fungi pollution were reviewed. It showed that a variety of contaminating fungal toxins could be detected in dark tea samples, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxins, deoxynivalenol. Studies showed that toxin exposure of dark tea samples were low, and multi-active components of dark tea could down-regulate part of genes associating with aflatoxins, thus inhibited aflatoxin production in dark tea matrix samples. It was pointed out that it is safe to produce and drink dark tea regularly, and the development direction of dark tea processing is the application of directional fermentation technologies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Thinking on the Taxonomy of Camellia sect. Thea YANG Shixiong Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (4): 439-453.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.04.001 Abstract （1180）      PDF（pc） （863KB）（701）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sect. Thea, a group of high economic value, is extremely complicated in taxonomy because of the diversity and the continuity of interspecies morphological characters. There exist lots of controversies of current classification systems about sectional taxonomic circumscription and species definition. Here the taxonomic history of Sect. Thea was systematically reviewed. Some taxonomists’ views on the causes of the taxonomic confusion and how to improve the taxonomy were also presented. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Diversity Analysis of Leaf Phenotype and Biochemical Components in Tea Local Population Resources TANG Lu, LI Changle, GE Yue, WANG Pu, ZHAO Hua, WANG Mingle, WANG Yu, GUO Fei, NI Dejiang Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (4): 473-488.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.008 Abstract （472）      PDF（pc） （528KB）（698）       Knowledge map    Save In order to protect tea germplasm resources and promote tea germplasm innovation, the phenotypic character and biochemical component diversity of 32 tea germplasm resources from 12 provinces were studied. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of 16 phenotypic character ranged from 0.81 to 1.94, and the phenotypic genetic diversity of the test population was high. The cumulative contribution rate of the six phenotypic characters including leaf area, leaf shape, leaf upper surface, young shoot pubescence, leaf tip shape and leaf cross section were 71.78%, which was the main factor causing the phenotypic difference of the tested tea population. Based on the determination results of biochemical components in two years, the variation coefficient of caffeine content (17.95% and 14.55%) was the largest, followed by the variation coefficient of tea polyphenol content (13.61% and 8.11%). The variation coefficient of free amino acid (5.62% and 7.52%) was the lowest. Cluster analysis based on the results of biochemical component content determination was conducted to divide the tested tea tree populations into three groups, each including different types of germplasm. From the geographical distribution of the tested tea populations, the content of biochemical components showed regional differences. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of Key Volatile Components of “Peach Fragrance” in Blended Peach Oolong Tea XU Lili, WANG Jiatong, ZHU Yin, SHI Jiang, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 237-249.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.005 Abstract （558）      PDF（pc） （1678KB）（695）       Knowledge map    Save The combination of natural flowers and fruits with traditional tea can significantly enrich the flavor of blended tea. The blended peach oolong tea has the characteristic flavor quality of oolong tea and peach, which is popular in tea consumers. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the formation mechanism of the characteristic flavor quality of commercially available blended peach oolong tea. In this study, stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze 14 blended peach oolong tea samples with typical “peach fragrance” properties. A total of 14 alcohols, 3 phenols, 3 nitrogen heterocycles, 6 oxygen heterocycles, 8 lactones, 14 aldehydes, 16 ketones, 8 alkenes, 5 organic acids and 41 esters were identified. Among them, γ-decalactone (16.75%), γ-undecalactone (11.72%), linalool (10.31%), δ-decalactone (10.23%), phytol acetate (5.28%), γ-octanolactone (4.77%), trans-β-ionone (3.30%) were the most abundant volatile components. In addition, the results of sensory evaluation and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis show that trans-β-ionone, damascenone, linalool, δ-decalactone, isoamyl acetate, γ-undecanoic acid lactone, phytol acetate and ethyl caproate were the key flavor contributing compounds of blended peach oolong tea, and their contributions to “peach fragrance” were further analyzed by comparing with the aroma components of peach essential oil. The results of this study enriched the theoretical basis of aroma quality chemistry of blended tea, and provided scientific basis for cross-border utilization and quality evaluation of traditional tea and natural flowers and fruits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress on the Neuroprotective Effects of Tea LI Da-xiang, XIAN Shu, YANG Wei, WAN Xiao-chun Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (2): 79-86.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.001 Abstract （663）      PDF（pc） （440KB）（695）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is a natural healthy beverage and recent medicinal researches have been proven that teas have the neuroprotection function. In the neuroprotective effects of tea, catechins, L-theanine and caffeine work together to modulate the nervous system especially central nervous system in a multi-targets way through multiple pathways. Tea showed the free radical Scavenging function via the antioxidative roles. Besides, it showed the function of modulation the neurotransmitters as glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine etc. and their related receptors, prevention of tau protein phosphorylation and intracellular calcium overloads, regulation of protein kinase C signal transduction pathway, modulation of inflammatory factors, elevation of the neurotrophic factors’ level, elimination of vascular risk factors and attenuation of neuron apoptosis. Recent progress on the neuroprotective effects of tea was reviewed in this paper. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Advances in Researches on Catechins Acylation Modification LIU Xiao-hui, JIANG He-yuan, ZHANG Jian-yong, YUAN Xin-yue, CUI Hong-chun Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.1.001 Abstract （542）      PDF（pc） （287KB）（695）       Knowledge map    Save Researchers and the general public have been paid more and more attention to catechins due to their distinctive and extensive bioactivities, but the further applications are restricted because its liposoluble is not high, unstability and low bioavailability in vivo. This paper reviewed the research progress of acylation modificated catechins and their physiological activities as well as the prospects of development． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(17) Select A New Disease of Tea Plant Caused by Phoma adianticola YANG Wen, CHEN Yao, CHEN Xiaojun, YAO Yongjing, ZHOU Yufeng Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 59-67.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.008 Abstract （538）      PDF（pc） （1328KB）（695）       Knowledge map    Save This paper aims to study the pathogen isolation and identification of a kind of disease causing browning on tea buds. The pathogenic strain was obtained according to Koch's Rule. The results of morphological observation of strains and the rDNA ITS molecular identification under the condition of PDA culture showed that the pathogen was a fungus of phoma. The pathogenic strain was further identified in according to the identification procedures of phoma. After 7 days on the OA and MA culture medium, the average diameter of colonies was 6.0-6.4 cm. Pycnidia were globose with 1-2 ostioles, glabrous or with some hyphal outgrowths. Conidia were ellipsoidal, aseptate, usually with two polar guttules, mostly (4.9-6.3) μm× (2.1-2.8) μm in size. The NaOH reaction was positive on OA and MA, the colour became yellow-green. The characteristics described above showed that the pathogen was preliminarily identified as Phoma adianticola. This disease of tea buds caused by P. adianticola may be a new disease of tea plant. According to the symptoms of infection, this disease was temporarily described as the buds-browning disease of tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Prevention of Tea Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis and Relative Mechanisms ZHANG Shuping, WANG Yuefei, XU Ping Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 231-246.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.001 Abstract （1260）      PDF（pc） （914KB）（695）    PDF（mobile） （748KB）（103）    Knowledge map    Save Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases. Its injury to the cardiovascular could cause damage to other organs. Numerous data had indicated that tea polyphenols have a good preventive effect on atherosclerosis, such as anti-inflammatory, regulating blood lipid levels, inhibiting LDL oxidation, improving endothelial function and maintaining the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of this article is to review the health benefits of tea polyphenols against atherosclerosis and to outline the molecular mechanisms of tea polyphenols in atherosclerosis prevention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Geochemical Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Typical Tea Gardens in Yunnan Province XIE Mengli, CHANG He, ZHOU Xiaohua, YANG Tianfu, LONG Kun Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (4): 501-512.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.004 Abstract （354）      PDF（pc） （963KB）（694）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the relationship and the current situation between the geological background of tea garden and the content of heavy metal elements in tea, the rocks, soil and tea in Mengku tea garden and Jingmai tea garden in Yunnan Province were selected as the research objects. The contents of 10 heavy metal elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, As) were determined. Multivariate statistical analysis and spatial analysis were used to summarize the characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in tea gardens. The results show that: (1) compared with the abundance of elements in the crust, the rocks in Mengku and Jingmai tea gardens were rich in As. While the rocks of Mengku tea garden were poor in Hg and the rocks of Jingmai tea garden were poor in Mn. (2) The soil of Mengku tea garden was mainly polluted by As and Cr. The soil of Jingmai tea garden was mainly polluted by Cr and Cu. They were all lightly polluted and had good soil quality. (3) The average contents of heavy metal elements in tea followed the order of Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr. The accumulation ability followed the order of Mn>Zn>Hg>Cu>Ni. Only a few tea samples from Mengku tea garden had As content exceeding the standard. And the heavy metal contents in tea were generally at the safe level. (4) For tea samples from Mengku and Jingmai tea gardens, Mn had the highest non-carcinogenic risk. As in Mengku tea had the highest carcinogenic risk. Cr in Jingmai tea had the highest carcinogenic risk. And other heavy metal elements were within the safe range. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Ultrastructure and Molecular Mechanism of Albino Pericarp in Tea Plants TANG Rongjin, LIU Haoran, LIU Dingding, ZHANG Chenyu, GONG Yang, YE Yuanyuan, CHEN Jiedan, CHEN Liang, MA Chunlei Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 779-790.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.009 Abstract （414）      PDF（pc） （1891KB）（693）       Knowledge map    Save Albino pericarp is a rare mutation in tea plants, which has not been reported yet. Recently, among the albino tea mutants preserved in the China National Germplasm Tea Repository, a precious resource ‘Yunbai 1’ with albino pericarp were found. The ultrastructure of the albino pericarp of ‘Yunbai 1’ was compared with the control ‘Zhongcha 129’. The results indicate that compared with the green pericarp of ‘Zhongcha 129’, the plastid structure in albino pericarp cells of ‘Yunbai 1’ was seriously damaged and could not further develop into chloroplasts. Transcriptomic analysis shows that, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pericarps of two cultivars were enriched in the pathways of photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, indicating that the defective chloroplasts in albino pericarp disrupted photosynthetic carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism. In addition, numerous DEGs of seeds between two cultivars were enriched in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid degradation, revealing that the carbon allocation strategy in the seeds of ‘Yunbai 1’ was different from ‘Zhongcha 129’, which might be helpful for maintaining the normal growth and development of seeds. The related results could provide important reference for further study on the albinism of tea fruits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Correlation of Low Temperature with Soluble Sugar and Amino Acid Content in Fresh Tea Leaves TIAN Ye, WANG Mengxin, WANG Jinhe, HAN Baoyu Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (6): 567-573.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.06.008 Abstract （818）      PDF（pc） （738KB）（692）       Knowledge map    Save In order to evaluate the substantial basis of tea plant resisting frost as well as the difference in frost resistance of different cultivars, the tea plantation growing with cultivar Wuniuzao and another plantation growing with Maolü were selected, in which the temperatute was recorded day by day. At the fifth, the fifteenth and the twenty fifth of each month during the experimental duration, the fresh tea leaves were plucked, in which the soluble sugar content was detected by colourimetry, and the proline content and seventeen free amino acid contents were determined by HPLC. The results showed that: ① Within the three durations the temperature dropped continually (from October 20 to December 27 in 2013), the low temperature lasted (from December 28 to February 20), and the temperature rose gradually, accordingly, the soluble sugar content continually raised, and keeped on increasing, then reduced insignificantly, furthermore, the soluble sugar content negatively correlated with temperature in the whole experimental stage. ② Accordingly, the proline content and the seventeen free amino acid content slowly raised, and obviously increased, then markedly promoted. It was considered that: ① The three types of substances were all related to the resisitance on cold injury, and the correlation of the soluble sugar content with low temperature was larger than those of other two types of substances with the temperature. ② The content of these three types of cold-resisting Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Bioinformatic Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors Involved in Catechins Biosynthesis in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) ZHANG Yue, HU Yunfei, WANG Shumao, KE Zixing, LIN Jinke Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (2): 162-173.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.02.007 Abstract （822）      PDF（pc） （1655KB）（691）       Knowledge map    Save Six MYB transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of catechins were obtained from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) transcriptome database. Bioinformatic analysis including the physicochemical properties and structural functions of proteins, nuclear localization signal (NLS), protein conserved domain (PCD) and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed. The results demonstrated that the 6 MYB proteins involved in the biosynthesis of catechins belong to hydrophilic non-secretory proteins and are predicted to be located in the chloroplasts, mitochondria and nucleus. The main spatial structures are α-helixes and β-turns. Except the comp159173_c0, the other 5 genes belong to SANT super-family group based on the PCD analysis. The phylogenetic tree analysis shows that 6 MYB proteins are classified into 4 groups, indicating a distant relationship between them. Differential gene expression analysis further confirmed the close correlation between the 6 transcription factors and the catechin biosynthesis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Perchlorate Contamination in Tea and Its Analytical Techniques DENG Jiajun, PAN Hua, ZHANG Fusheng, ZHANG Li, CAO Fang, ZHANG Zhifang, CHEN Junsong Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 372-381.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.002 Abstract （795）      PDF（pc） （295KB）（691）       Knowledge map    Save Perchlorate in tea, as an emerging contaminant, poses a potential risk for food safety, human health and foreign trade, which has raised increasing concerns over the contamination of tea with perchlorate. In this paper, pollution sources, status and the main causes of pollution in tea of perchlorate were described. The analytical techniques of perchlorate in tea samples were also summarized. These data would provide references for studies of environmental transport behaviors, agri-food safety, human health risk and relevant standards of security in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Organic Acids Contents in Tea Leaves and its Extracting Characteristics LIU Pan-pan, ZHONG Xiao-yu, XU Yong-quan Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (5): 405-410.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.05.001 Abstract （997）      PDF（pc） （532KB）（690）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different leaf position, different tea cultivars, different tea kinds on the content and extracting characteristics of organic acids in tea under different brewing time, brewing temperature and pH were systematic analyzed. The results showed that quinic acid, malic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid content in organic acids were higher than tartaric acid and L-ascorbic acid. With the declining of tea tenderness, the content of total organic acids decreased, including oxalic acid content decreased significantly, the content of the fourth leaf was 49.5% of that in one bud a leaf. The different tea cultivars had great effect on the organic acids content. The lowest organic acids content was Fuding cultivar and the highest was Huangjingui cultivar. The organic acid content in different kinds of tea changes significantly, with descending order of black tea > Oolong tea > green tea> pu-erh tea. With the increasing of brewing temperature and time, the extracting content of organic acids increased. But there was a decreasing tendency in the extracting content of organic acids with the increasing of the pH value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Preliminary Application of ISSR Markers in the Genetic Relationship Analysis of Tea Plants LIN Zheng-he, CHEN Rong-bing, CHEN Chang-song, LIN Jin-ke, HAO Zhi-long, GAO Shui-lian, CHEN Lian-cheng Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (1): 45-50.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.01.007 Abstract （430）      PDF（pc） （498KB）（690）       Knowledge map    Save Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) is a kind of effective molecular marker developed on the basis of microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR). ISSR markers were applied to detect the relationship of the thirty-nine cultivars of tea plants. Fifteen primers, selected from fourty primers, were used to amplify the tea samples one hundred and fourty-three DNA bands were amplified, of which one hundred and thirty-one bands were polymorphic.The percentage of polymorphic bands was 91.6%.By cluster analysis based on ISSR markers using UPGMA,the genetic similarity was from 0.21 to 0.95. The GS was the greatest between Manqilan and Zhuyeqilan, and they had the highest genetic similarity and the smallest genetic distance.The GS between Chongqinpipacha and Yinghong 1 was the smallest and they had the lowest genetic similarity and the greatest genetic difference. Cluster analysis classified the 39 cultivars into 3 major groups (GS=0.20). Chongqinpipacha and Yinghong 1 fell into one group, belong to primitive form Jiulongzhu and Huanglong also fell into one group. The rest formed the third group. The results suggest that ISSR is a useful tool for molecular genetic diversity and relationship analysis of tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Quality Analysis of Tencha Made from Different Tea Cultivars MAO Yalin, WANG Fang, YIN Junfeng, XU Yongquan Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 782-794.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.007 Abstract （879）      PDF（pc） （364KB）（689）       Knowledge map    Save Fresh tea leaves of eight tea cultivars commonly used to make Matcha were used as materials to analyze their differences in sensory quality, physical and chemical composition and color of the processed Tencha. The main taste substances and the differences of taste characteristics of Tencha among different cultivars were clarified according to Pearson’s linear correlation analysis of the contents (ratio) of the main chemical components and its taste attribute score, together with the Dot（dose-over-threshold）value analysis of the taste contribution . The results show that Tencha of Longjing 43 had the best overall performance with green appearance, seaweed fragrance, umami taste of tea infusion, the highest contents of both free amino acids and theanine, the lowest phenol ammonia ratio, and high chlorophyll content. Yabukita and Kyomidori followed. Correlation analysis shows that the umami taste was positively correlated with the contents of free amino acids, caffeine, theanine, aspartic acid, asparagine and the ratio of ester catechins/non-ester catechins (P<0.05). Dot analysis shows that EGCG and GCG were the main contributors to astringency. Caffeine, EGCG and GCG were the main contributors to bitterness, and EGCG was the most important contributor to astringency and bitterness of the tea infusions. While single amino acids had low contributions to the umami taste of the tea infusions (Dot<1). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Studies on the Preparation and Stability of Tea Polyphenol Emulgel Formulation SONG Juan, WANG Dong, YU Xudong Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 623-630.   Abstract （471）      PDF（pc） （858KB）（689）       Knowledge map    Save The appearance properties, the particle size and stability of emulsion, the viscosity and content of emulgel were taken as evaluation indexes to optimize the best formula and preparation technology of tea-polyphenol emulgel and investigate its stability. The results indicated that the prepared emulgel was good in appearance, non-greasy, easy to spread and high stability. Moreover, the optimized preparation technology for emulgel was simple and the prepared tea polyphenol emulgel is a superior new preparation for topical external application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Changes of Endogenous Hormone Contents and Expression Analysis of Related Genes in Leaves of Tea Plants Under Heat and Drought Stresses TANG Ziyi, DU Yue, YANG Hongbin, LI Xinghui, YU Youben, WANG Weidong Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (4): 489-500.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.006 Abstract （467）      PDF（pc） （1970KB）（686）       Knowledge map    Save Extreme environments, such as heat and drought, seriously affect the growth and development of tea plants and the quality of tea production. Hormones are important signaling factors, but the molecular mechanisms of hormones involved in the response of tea plants to heat and drought stresses are rarely reported. In this study, we systematically analyzed the changes in endogenous hormone contents and the expression levels of related genes in leaves of tea plants under heat and drought stresses. The results show that the contents of IAA and GA3 were significantly reduced and the contents of ZR were slightly increased in leaves of tea plants under heat and drought stresses, which were presumably used to delay the growth of tea plants to adapt to the environment stresses. Meanwhile, many genes related to biosynthesis and signal response of IAA, GA3 and ZR were significantly differentially expressed, which provided a molecular basis for explaining the hormone content changes and signal transduction. In addition, the contents of ABA and JA increased significantly under both heat and drought stresses, which may depend on the up-regulated expressions of ABA biosynthetic pathway genes such as ZEP, NCED, SDR and JA biosynthetic pathway genes such as LOX, OPR, ACX. Furthermore, many ABA signal responsive genes such as PYR/PYL, PP2C and JA signal responsive genes such as JAZ, MYC2 were also significantly differentially expressed, suggesting the important role of ABA and JA signaling pathways in the response of tea plants to heat and drought stresses. These results provided theoretical references for further exploring the molecular mechanisms of tea plants response to heat and drought stresses, which rely on endogenous hormones. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Inhibitory Effect of Catechin Monomer EGC on Pancreatic Lipase and Mechanism MAN Ziyi, FENG Yi, WU Xiangting Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 863-874.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.001 Abstract （456）      PDF（pc） （963KB）（679）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of epigallocatechin (EGC) on pancreatic lipase, EGC monomer was obtained from dry green tea by hot water extraction, chloroform depigmentation and column chromatography. The structure of purified EGC monomer was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect and types of EGC on pancreatic lipase were studied by titration, and the effect of EGC on pancreatic lipase structure was characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking. The results show that EGC exhibited the inhibition on pancreatic lipase in a non-competitive manner. The inhibitory effect continued to rise with the increase of EGC concentration, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was (1.62±0.085) mg·mL-1. There was a fluorescence quenching effect of EGC on pancreatic lipase. EGC could bind to amino acid residues in the enzyme through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in the changes in chemical structure and spatial conformation of the enzymes, thus decreasing the enzyme activity. The results show that EGC mainly inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase by changing the chemical structure and spatial conformation of pancreatic lipase, so as to achieve the hypolipidemic effect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Bitter and Astringent Taste of Baked Green Tea and Their Chemical Contributors ZHANG Yingna, CHEN Gensheng, LIU Yang, XU Yongquan, WANG Fang, CHEN Jianxin, YIN Junfeng Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (4): 377-383.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.04.011 Abstract （783）      PDF（pc） （579KB）（678）       Knowledge map    Save The paper discussed the quantitative analysis of the bitter and astringent taste of the baked green tea and the main chemical component contributors. Baked green teas made of fresh tea leaves with different tenderness were used as the raw material to analyze the taste attributes (including bitterness, astringency, umami, and mellowness) and contents of quality components by quantitative sensory evaluation and chemical analysis, and synchronously establish the correlation between them. The results showed that, with the decrease of tea leaves tenderness, the bitter, astringent and umami taste of the tea infusions decreased as well as the total taste quality. Through analyzing the quality components and their taste contributions, it was found that the main contributors for the bitterness of the baked green tea were EGCG and caffeine, and for the astringency were catechins and flavonoid glycosides. EGCG was the main catechin component for astringent taste, and EGC and ECG also had significant contribution. Que-rut and Que-gala were the main flavonoid glycosides, other glycosides including Myr-gala, Que-glu, Vit-rha, Kae-gala, Kae-rut, Kae-glu also had significant contribution for astringent taste. The analysis of the Dot values showed that free amino acids had no significant contribution to the umami tatste. This research preliminarily illuminated the main chemical contributors for the bitter and astringent taste of the baked green tea and provided theory basis for the tea-quality improvement and taste-chemistry study. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Advances in Aluminum Accumulation and Tolerance Mechanisms in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) HUANG Danjuan, MAO Yingxin, CHEN Xun, TAN Rongrong, WANG Hongjuan, WANG Youping, GONG Ziming Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (2): 125-132.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.02.002 Abstract （773）      PDF（pc） （663KB）（676）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant is an aluminum (Al) hyper-accumulator with higher Al content than other plants, but no obvious damage symptoms. In this paper, aspects including the Al absorption, transportation, content and distribution characteristics in tea plant are reviewed. Furthermore, the influence of Al on the growth and development, the Al tolerance mechanism of tea plant are summarized. Meanwhile, future studies on aluminum tolerance mechanisms of tea plant are also briefly discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Pesticide Residue in Fresh Tea Leaves and Dry Tea by Solid Extraction and Dispersive Solid Extraction Cleanup Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrum YANG Jie, ZHOU Li, YU Huan, SUN Hezhi, WANG Xinru, ZHANG Xinzhong, YANG Mei, CHEN Zongmao, LUO Fengjian Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 397-406.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.010 Abstract （794）      PDF（pc） （426KB）（676）       Knowledge map    Save A method for the determination of 9 pesticide residues in fresh and dry tea was established. Residual pesticides in samples were extracted by acetonitrile, purified by Florisil/GCB solid phase extraction column, followed by absorbent of PSA and GCB as dispersed solid phase, and determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the spiked range of 0.005-1.000 mg·kg-1, the average recoveries of target pesticides in fresh leaves and dried tea were 70.3%-103.9%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 20%. In the range of 0.005-2.000 mg·kg-1, the linear relationship of target pesticides in fresh leaves and dry tea matrix was good, with r>0.995 4. The limit of quantity (LOQ) was 0.005 mg·kg-1. The test results of actual samples showed that the method was highly sensitive and reproducible, and can meet the requirements of multi-residue detection. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Coupling and Coordinated Development between Tea Industry and Tourism——A Case Study of 8 Provinces and Regions along the Chinese Section of “Tea Road” WANG Gongwei Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 555-564.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.04.010 Abstract （869）      PDF（pc） （401KB）（676）       Knowledge map    Save The study took 8 provinces and regions along the Chinese section of the “Tea Road” as an example, constructed a coupling coordination degree model to analyze the coordinated development of tea industry and tourism based on the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2016. The results show that: (1) The coupling coordination degree of tea industry and tourism of the Chinese section of “Tea Road” was relatively low and in a slightly disordered state, but the level of integration and interaction gradually improving. (2) The coupling coordination degree of tea industry and tourism in the areas along the route showed spatial differentiation. Fujian and Hubei were in a state of primary coordination and reluctant coordination. Hunan and Henan were on the verge of imbalance. Jiangxi was in a state of moderate imbalance, and Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia were in a state of serious imbalance. (3) In addition to a slight decline in Fujian, the coupling coordination degree of tea industry and tourism in the areas along the route gradually improved. (4) There were three types of coupling coordination degree between tea industry and tourism in the areas along the route: Fujian, Hubei and Hunan belonged to the dominant type of tea industry. Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia belonged to the dominant type of tourism. Jiangxi belonged to the advantage type of tea industry and tourism. Finally, relevant countermeasures and suggestions were proposed according to the research conclusion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Preparation and Quality Analysis of Standard Samples of Hunan Black Tea YIN Xia, TONG Tong, XIAO Yangbo, HUANG Jing, BAO Xiaocun, LIU Shujuan, WU Wenliang, WANG Kuofei, WU Chongyue, LIU Zhonghua, ZHANG Shuguang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 875-885.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.003 Abstract （476）      PDF（pc） （1388KB）（674）       Knowledge map    Save The standard tea samples are indispensable for the objective and accurate identification of tea quality. In this study, the preparation process of standard Hunan black tea standard samples was introduced and its quality was analyzed. The results of the sensory evaluation and biochemical components show that the supper grade of standard Hunan black tea sample had the highest amino acid content, making the taste sweet and mellow. The terpenoid contents in 110 volatile aroma substances identified were significantly higher than those of other tea samples, and the aroma was tender, sweet, rich and lasting. The first grade standard sample had the highest water extracts and catechin content, making the taste mellow. Meanwhile 114 volatile aroma substances were identified, with the contents of various volatile components in the middle level, showing a pure sweet flavor. The second grade standard sample contained relatively low taste component contents, showing sweet with a bit thick taste, and 109 volatile aroma substances were identified. The contents of fatty acid-derived volatile substances and carotenoids were significantly higher than those of other tea samples, showing sweet and floral aroma. This study can provide a reference for the processing and production of Hunan black tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Cloning of Transcription Factor Gene CsDREB-A4 and The Response to Temperature Stress in Camellia sinensis LIU Zhiwei, XIONG Yangyang, LI Tong, YAN Yajun, HAN Hongrun, WU Zhijun, ZHUANG Jing Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (1): 24-34.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.006 Abstract （602）      PDF（pc） （2055KB）（674）       Knowledge map    Save The CsDREB-A4 gene, which encoding to the DREB transcription factor, was cloned by PCR using DNA as template from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cultivar ‘Yingshuang’, based on transcriptome data of ‘Yingshuang’. The open reading frame lengths of CsDREB-A4 gene was 708βbp, encoding 235 amino acids. The transcription factor of CsDREB-A4 contained the AP2 DNA binding domain, and had high homology with DERB transcription factors of Glycine max, Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera, Arabidopsis thaliana, and so on. Phylogenetic tree, hydrophilicity, disordered residues, two- and three-dimension structure of CsDREB-A4 transcription factor were also predicted and analyzed. Results showed that the disordered residues of CsDREB-A4 factor were obvious. The three-dimension structure of CsDREB-A4 factor was similar to AtERF1. The CsDREB-A4 factor, the majority of amino acid were hydrophilic, belonged to A4 group of DREB subfamily of AP2/ERF family transcription factors. The three-dimension structure was similar to AtERF1, the CsDREB-A4 gene was induced by high temperature and low temperature treatment in ‘Anjibaicha’, ‘Yingshuang’ and ‘Yunnanshilixiang’, respectively. The expression levels of CsDREB-A4 gene reached a maximum at 24 h in the three tea plant cultivars, which increased 23, 4, 43 times when exposed at 4℃. In ‘Yingshuang’ and ‘Yunnanshilixiang’, the expression levels of CsDREB-A4 gene were up-regulated more longer time and higher than that in ‘Anjibaicha’. The expression level of CsDREB-A4 gene was inhibited in ‘Yingshuang’ and ‘Yunnanshilixiang’ when exposed at 38℃ temperature, except at 8 h. In ‘Anjibaicha’, the expression level of CsDREB-A4 gene was increased obviously, and reached 2 720 times in 12 h than that in wild type tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Data Enhancement Optimization and Class Activation Mapping Quantitative Evaluation for CNN Image Recognition of Multiple Tea Categories ZHANG Zhanyi, ZHANG Baoquan, WANG Zhouli, YANG Yao, FAN Dongmei, HE Weizhong, MA Junhui, LIN Jie Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 411-423.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.006 Abstract （396）      PDF（pc） （1936KB）（672）       Knowledge map    Save There are many kinds of tea in China, and subjective identification is easy to be confused and very dependent on professional experience. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) image recognition applied to multi-tea identification has the advantages of objectivity, adaptability to complex image backgrounds and portability to mobile devices. However, the current CNN image recognition of tea lacks data enhancement optimization and objective evaluation of recognition accuracy, which limits the robustness and generalization ability of model recognition. In this study, a total of 6 123 images of 29 common tea categories were collected to construct a dataset, and the ResNet-18 (Residual network-18) training effects of 10 image data enhancement methods were compared. To objectively evaluate the accuracy of the model recognition area, two gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM ) quantitative evaluation indexes (IOB and MPI) were constructed. The results show that grid erasure (Ratio=0.3), resolution perturbation and HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color space perturbation are better data enhancement methods, with four indicators of accuracy, loss, IOB and MPI performing better. Furthermore, through the ablation experiment, the optimal combination of data enhancement methods “horizontal mirror flip + grid erasure (Ratio=0.3) + HSV color perturbation” was obtained. The accuracy rate of model test reached 99.82%, with a loss value of only 0.64, and the IOB and MPI indicators also performed better, reflecting good accuracy in image recognition. This study optimized the tea image data enhancement method, and obtained the multi-tea CNN image recognition model with high robustness. The constructed quantization indexes IOB and MPI also solved the problem of accuracy evaluation of CAM recognition region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Present Status and Development Trends of Research on Tea Polysaccharides LI Yan, LIN Yongfeng, LIU Wenmei, ZOU Zehua, LIU Guangming, LIU Qingmei Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (4): 447-459.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.001 Abstract （644）      PDF（pc） （475KB）（669）       Knowledge map    Save Tea polysaccharides are important active ingredients in tea. Studying the properties of tea polysaccharides and promoting the development of tea polysaccharides products will benefit both the tea industry and the health industry. In the present paper, literatures related to tea polysaccharides from the Web of Science database over the past decade were visually analyzed. The results show that the overall number of papers related to tea polysaccharides showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2022. The co-occurrence, emergence and frequency analysis of keywords show that the antioxidant activities of tea polysaccharides are a continuous research hotspot, which may also be one of the main trends in future research. At present, global research on tea polysaccharides mainly focuses on the physicochemical properties including monosaccharide composition, solubility, emulsification and biological activities such as antioxidation, anticancer and antidiabetic. Although tea polysaccharides exhibit a variety of biological activities, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Recent studies have shown that tea polysaccharides can exert probiotic potential by affecting gut microbiota. In addition, the transformation and development of tea polysaccharide-related products are particularly insufficient. In the future, researchers can focus on developing biofilm products, drug delivery vehicles and functional foods using tea polysaccharides. Overall, the present paper summarized the main contents and hot spots in the field of tea polysaccharides, aiming to serve as a reference for researchers in this field as well as for the development of the tea polysaccharide industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Current Situation and Tendency on the Development of Chinese Premium Teas ZHOU Zhi-xiu, DUAN Wen-hua, WU Hai-yan, SI Zhi-min Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (2): 171-178.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.02.006 Abstract （644）      PDF（pc） （661KB）（669）       Knowledge map    Save The current situation and tendency of the development for Chinese premium teas were investigated in analyzing the results of 3948 tea samples in nine “Zhongcha Cup” country wide premium tea competitions during 1994~2011. All the six types of Chinese tea developed well. Among them, green tea was the main tea, Oolong tea and dark tea increased steadily, black, white and yellow teas were in recovery growth. In the four tea growing areas, the Jiangnan (south Yangtze River) tea area developed strongly and has the highest prize awarded ratio. The premium tea in Zhejiang Province is leading its development in China, the quality of Jiangsu premium tea is at the top, Shandong province, a north tea area, has strong marketing and competition consciousness. And Fujian, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou, Guangdong, Anhui are also important premium tea producing provinces. The ratio of tea sample made by clonal tea cultivars increased continuously. ‘Fuding Dabaicha’, ‘Baiye 1’, ‘Fuding Dahaocha’, Longjing series clones are main clonal tea cultivars. The quality of premium tea increased steadily. Nevertheless, the tea appearance is becoming similar. Hygian safety (the situation of heavy metal, pesticide residues) was satisfactory, and organic tea developed rather fast. The ratios of machinery processing, producing according to standard, and trade mark increased year by year and reached a higher level. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Research Progress of Soil Properties in Tea Gardens and the Absorption and Translocation Mechanisms of Nutrients and Other Elements in Tea Plant LIU Meiya, YI Xiaoyun, SHI Yuanzhi, MA Lifeng, RUAN Jianyun Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (2): 110-120.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.002 Abstract （1008）      PDF（pc） （747KB）（668）       Knowledge map    Save The soil conditions of tea plantations as well as the management of water and fertilizers are requisites for tea plant growth and quality construction. This paper reviewed the research progresses in the recent five years on the topics of the dynamics of soil properties of tea gardens, the functions of nutrients associating with the metabolism of tea quality related components and the underneath molecular mechanisms, the management technologies of nutrition, heavy metals and rare earth elements in tea soils and their accumulation in plants. In addition to the works of the dynamics of organic matter in tea soil following the establishment of tea plantation, the contribution of carbon storage in tea ecosystems to the global C cycling has been highlighted. Molecular biological approaches are increasingly applied in the study of the community and evolvement of microbes in tea soils. Meanwhile advances in the evaluation of soil quality, the mechanism and ameliorative measures of soil acidification have been made. The recent progresses in the area of nutrition have greatly deepened our understandings of the functions of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the metabolism of tea quality components. The characteristics of nutrient absorption were elucidated at molecular and physiological levels and putative genes of several nutrient transporters were cloned. Adoption of mechanical fertilization, fertigation and controlled releasing chemical fertilizers were recommended as measures of nutrient management to improve utilization efficiency while the environmental impacts of fertilization such as emission of greenhouse gases gained considerable focus. On the other hand, progresses were made in the field of safety of tea products as heavy metals in the soils of tea plantations and accumulation of these elements in the tea plants are concerned. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Ecological Thoughts in Ancient Chinese Tea Books and Their Contemporary Value LIU Xinqiu, DU Xiya Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 437-446.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.013 Abstract （416）      PDF（pc） （362KB）（667）       Knowledge map    Save Chinese traditional ecological thoughts with the core of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism culture, in the pursuit of harmony in the process of human and nature, are consisted of a series of environmental protection and respect for life. It is formed by the particular geographical environment, political status, economic conditions and cultural factors, which thereby formed an agriculture production system of intensive cultivation. Under the influence of the ecological thoughts, a special system of tea planting management and tea drinking methods has been established in the production and development of tea industry, which was mostly recorded in the tea books of all dynasties. The ecological thoughts of tea industry were embodied in different periods, including the historical understanding of tea planting ecological environment, the development and evolution of tea garden management technologies and the stage change of tea drinking mode. The ecological concept of ancient tea industry has been inherited and can still be used for reference and implementation today. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Release of Volatiles in Resistant and Susceptible Tea Cultivars under Empoasca Onukii Feeding REN Qianqian, ZHUANG Mingzhu, CAI Xiaoming, BIAN Lei, LUO Zongxiu, LI Zhaoqun, YOU Minsheng, CHEN Zongmao, JIN Shan Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 795-806.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.008 Abstract （698）      PDF（pc） （1074KB）（666）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the volatile release and the relative metabolism induced by small green leafhoppers (Empoasca onukii) feeding in tea plants, the resistant tea cultivar (JY) and susceptible tea cultivar (EB) were used as materials. The time course (6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72βh) of tea volatile compounds released by tea plants under E. onukii feeding were collected and detected by using dynamic headspace collection method and GC-MS technology. An integrative analysis of the metabolism and transcriptome data was then performed, and the target genes in the synthetic pathway of the main volatiles were screened and analyzed. The results show that healthy tea plants released less volatiles. While ten main volatiles such as β-Ocimene, DMNT, Linalool, Farnesene, etc. were identified in tea plants under E. onukii feeding. Among them, the contents of monoterpenoids were higher in the susceptible tea cultivar EB, and sesquiterpenoids were higher in the resistant tea cultivar JY. Furthermore, transcriptome data show that the key genes in terpene synthesis pathway were up-regulated in both cultivars after E. onukii feeding. The expression levels of genes related to the synthesis of monoterpenoids were relatively higher in susceptible tea cultivar than those in resistant cultivar. However, no significant expression differences were identified in genes related to sesquiterpenes synthesis in resistant and susceptible tea cultivars. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the tea resistance mechanism and green control of leafhopper in tea plantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select First Discovery of Whitefly, Aleurocanthus inceratus Silvestri (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Tea Plants in China WANG Jirui, MU Lixia, DU Yuzhou, XU Zhihong Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (4): 427-431.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.04.011 Abstract （812）      PDF（pc） （994KB）（666）       Knowledge map    Save Aleurocanthus inceratus Silvestri, a newly recorded species of whitefly infesting tea plants, was morphologically described and illustrated. It has 11 pairs of spines along submarginal area, among which 5 pairs are on cephalothorax. Moreover, there are 9 pairs of spines on cephalothorax of the median dorsum, 14 pairs of spines on the median of venter, with 3 rows. Vasiform orifice and operculum are rounded.and cordate respectively., While caudal furrow is indistinct. Nine species of whitefly infesting tea plants in China were counted, namely, Aleurotrachelus camelliae (Kuwana), Parabamisia myricae (Kuwana), Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance), Aleuroclava guyavae (Takahashi), Aleurolobus rhododendri Takahashi, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), Aleurocanthus inceratus Silvestri. An identification key to identify these species based on the puparial characters was provided. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison on Chemical Components of Yunnan and Fuding White Tea Based on Metabolomics Approach GAO Jianjian, CHEN Dan, PENG Jiakun, WU Wenliang, CAI Liangsui, CAI Yawei, TIAN Jun, WAN Yunlong, SUN Weijiang, HUANG Yan, WANG Zhe, LIN Zhi, DAI Weidong Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 623-637.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220601.001 Abstract （812）      PDF（pc） （1197KB）（665）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the differences in chemical compositions between Yunnan white tea and Fuding white tea, 9 Yunnan white tea samples and 6 Fuding white tea samples were studied by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS) combined with sensory evaluation to analyze the non-volatile chemical components of white tea in two places. A total of 109 compounds were structurally identified in this study, including catechins, dimeric catechins, flavonoid glycosides (flavone/flavonol-O-glycosides and flavone/flavonol-C-glycosides), N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-substituted flavan-3-ols (EPSFs), amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids, alkaloids, lipids, et al. The partial least squares discriminant analysis and heatmap analysis show that there were distinct differences in the chemical components between Yunnan white tea and Fuding white tea. A total of 46 compounds showed significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The contents of epicatechins, dimericcatechins, flavonoid glycosides (kaempferol-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, etc.), phenolic acids, organic acids, and lipids were relatively high in Yunnan white tea; while the contents of nonepicatechins, flavonoid glycosides (quercetin-3-galactoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, etc.), amino acids and alkaloids were relatively higher in Fuding white tea, which was speculated to be related with tea cultivars and drying processes. This study provided a theoretical basis for the understanding and recognition of the difference in the chemical substance and flavor quality of different white tea between two places, as well as the identification of white tea origins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Intervention Effects of Fuzhuan Brick Tea Water Extract on Glucose Metabolism Disorder in a Mouse Model of Type Ⅱ Diabetes Mellitus HUANG Song, LIU Zhonghua, HUANG Jian′an, YANG Heng, LI Qin Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (3): 250-260.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.03.004 Abstract （559）      PDF（pc） （1667KB）（664）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat and high-sugar diet was used to generate a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Fuzhuan brick tea water extract (FTEs) on T2DM-Mice. Results showed that FTEs could obviously alleviate weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia, reduce fasting plasma glucose, increase sugar tolerance, enhance insulin concentrations and insulin sensitivity and decrease insulin resistance in the diabetic mice. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis showed that FTEs promoted glucose transport and liver lipid metabolism, and improved the glucose metabolism in the diabetic mice by increasing the expression of PPAR-α, GLUT2, and GLUT4. Therefore, it can be concluded that FTEs could significantly improve glucose metabolism disorder symptom of T2DM-Mice by a dose-dependent manner. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Changes of Main Flavor Components of Yunnan Large Leaf Sun-dried Green Tea Before and After Fungal Fermentation NING Jing, LI Jianquan, LIU Benying, ZHENG Hongfa, LU Fengmei, CHEN Lei, LIU Zhen, YE Shengtao, HUANG Hao, YANG Peidi, WU Gang, YANG Yang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (2): 213-227.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210315.002 Abstract （702）      PDF（pc） （877KB）（663）       Knowledge map    Save Yunnan large leaf sun-dried green tea was used as raw material to make light pressed sun-dried green loose Fu tea, hand pressed and machine pressed sun-dried green Fu brick teas by natural fungal fermentation method. Through sensory evaluation and physical and chemical detection, the changes of sensory quality and main flavor components of sun-dried green tea before and after fungal fermentation were studied. The results show that: the bitter and astringent taste of the three fungal fermented sun-dried green teas was obviously weakened, and changed to mellow. The aroma changed from refreshing to aging and had a unique fungus fragrance. The liquor color changed from bright yellow green to bright orange, and the color of dry tea and infused leaves were obviously deepened. The contents of tea polyphenols, catechins, free amino acids, total flavonoids, soluble sugar etc. of the three fungal fermented sun-dried green teas decreased to varying degrees, especially the ester catechin decreased significantly with the decreasing rates of 56.91% (P<0.01), 31.80% (P<0.05) and 64.06% (P<0.01) respectively. The contents of caffeine and water extract increased slightly, while the contents of tea polysaccharide, gallic acid and anthocyanin increased significantly. The relative contents of linalool and its oxides with flower and wood aroma and methyl salicylate with medicinal aroma in the fungal fermented sun-dried green teas increased from 33.94% and 1.92% before fungal fermentation to 56.73%, 57.62%, 45.98% and 8.47%, 8.53% and 7.56% respectively. While the relative contents of other alcohols and most ketones with flower and fruit aroma and aldehydes with refreshing and green grass aroma decreased significantly. Among them, the relative contents of 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene with aging aroma increased significantly from 1.51% and 0.56% before fungal fermentation to 5.87% and 3.75% respectively in machine pressed sun-dried green Fu brick tea. Therefore, the refreshing aroma of sun-dried green tea decreased after fungal fermentation, showing the characteristics of aging aroma, and more obvious aging aroma was identified in the machine pressed sun-dried green Fu brick tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Preliminary Study on the Degradation Pathway of Caffeine in Tea Microbial Solid-state Fermentation ZHENG Chengqin, MA Cunqiang, ZHANG Zhengyan, LI Xiaohong, WU Tingting, ZHOU Binxing Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 386-396.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.009 Abstract （1012）      PDF（pc） （1079KB）（662）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore caffeine degradation products and pathways under the action of microorganisms, the dominant strains including Aspergillus sydowii NRRL250, Aspergillus pallidofulvus NRRL4789, Aspergillus sesamicola CBS137324 and Penicillium mangini CBS253.31 were screened and identified during pu-erh tea fermentation. Strains were inoculated into sun-dried green tea leaves for solid-state fermentation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine caffeine, theobromine and theophylline contents to explore the effect of microorganisms on caffeine metabolism. UHPLC-QTOF-MS was used for the metabonomic analysis of Aspergillus sydowii inoculated fermentation with sterilization treatment group (ST group) and raw material group (RM group). The results show that the dominant strains such as A. pallidofulvus NRRL4789, A. sesamicola CBS137324 and Penicillium mangini CBS253.31 had no significant effects on the metabolism of caffeine and other purine alkaloids. However, caffeine content was decreased significantly (P<0.05) with a great reduction about 83.89% during the inoculated fermentation of Aspergillus sydowii. Additionally, theophylline content was increased significantly (P<0.05) and arrived to (25.03±1.17) mg·g-1 at the end of fermentation. While theobromine content remained stable. Therefore, Aspergillus sydowii has a profound effect on caffeine degradation metabolism. Nine metabolites related to caffeine degradation were detected by UHPLC-QTOF-MS during the inoculated fermentation, Among them, theophylline, 3-methylxanthine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine and 7-methylxanthine contents were significantly increased (P<0.05) under the action of Aspergillus sydowii which were related to N-demethylation pathway of caffeine and its related metabolites. 1,7-dimethyluric acid and 1-methyluric acid were related to the oxidation pathway of caffeine-related metabolites. It can be seen that Aspergillus sydowii is the dominant strain that can degrade caffeine and has the potential ability to convert caffeine into theophylline. Under the action of spergillus sydowii, both N-demethylation and oxidation were found in caffeine degradation metabolism, and the former was the dominant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select HPLC Quantitation of Theaflavins in Tea Pigments LI Da-xiang, WAN Xiao-chun, LIU Li-hua, XIA Tao Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (2): 124-128.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.02.010 Abstract （565）      PDF（pc） （274KB）（659）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, theaflavin(TF1), theaflavin monogallate(TF2+TF3) and theaflavin digallate(TF4) in tea pigments are isolated and purified with high speed counter current chromatography combined with Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. With the purified theaflavin, the standard curves have been set up by HPLC for theaflavins quantitation. The results on the accuracy and recovery determination showed that the coefficient of variation of TF1, TF2+TF3, TF4 and total theaflavins range from 2.6’8.5%, 2.0’3.8%, 2.0’3.9% and 2.2’4.1% respectively. Using HPLC quantitation, the relative error of total theaflavins amounts in the standard theaflavins from Sigma company is 3.4%. The total amounts of theaflavins in tea pigments are 20.5%, in which TF1, TF2+TF3 and TF4 are 6.0%, 9.1% and 5.4% respectively. This method is useful to quantify theaflavins and to control the quality of tea pigments, which could promote the studies on their pharmacological effects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16) Select Research on the Behavior of Tea Consumption in China with the CKB Data GUAN Xi, YANG Jiangfan, XIE Xiangying, LIN Chang, LI Jingyun Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 287-295.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.009 Abstract （871）      PDF（pc） （898KB）（657）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the 512β824 samples of 10 project areas from China Kadoorie Biobank, the tea consumption was described comprehensively and systematically. Further, the OLS model was used to analyze the factors influencing habit of tea drinking, tea-drinking frequency, daily consumption cups and consumption quantity, by dividing tea consumers into different subgroups. Results showed that household income and history of tea drinking had a significant and positive impact on tea consumers′ drinking frequency, daily consumption cups and consumption quantity. Age had a significant but negative impact on the habit of tea-drinking in China. Moreover, it had a significant and positive impact on tea-drinking frequency. The negative effects of age on daily consumption cups and consumption quantity for these heavy tea consumers were also confirmed. The results would be biased if the daily consumption cups was used in the analysis. For the future research on the tea consumption in China, this paper proposed to classify consumers and to use the daily consumption quantity in the analysis. Also, the corresponding countermeasures were put forward to expand tea consumption in future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Aroma Constituents of Longjing Tea Produced in Different Areas WANG Mengqi, SHAO Chenyang, ZHU Yin, ZHANG Yue, LIN Zhi, LYU Haipeng Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (5): 508-517.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.05.008 Abstract （856）      PDF（pc） （1147KB）（654）       Knowledge map    Save Longjing tea is one of the most famous traditional tea and a typical product of geographical indication in China. In this study, the composition and relative contents of aroma components in a representative batch of Longjing tea samples of 3 different origins, namely Xihu region, Yuezhou region, and Qiantang region, were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Results showed that there were some differences in the composition of aroma components among the three different regions, and 47, 45 and 40 common aroma components were identified in the tea samples from Qiantang region, Yuezhou region, and Xihu region, respectively. Moreover, Longjing tea samples from three different regions had been distinguished successfully using PLS-DA model (fitting parameters: R2Y=0.885 and Q2=0.777) which was established basing on the relative contents of aroma components. The distributions of 12 key aroma components in different areas were elucidated by the data processing software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Comparative Study of Different Polarity Chromatographic Column in Analysis of Aroma Components in Black Tea QIAO Yang, DU Liping, XIAO Dongguang Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 38-44.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.005 Abstract （632）      PDF（pc） （897KB）（654）       Knowledge map    Save The aroma components in black tea were extracted and analyzed by headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two different polarity chromatographic columns were used for the separation of the aroma components in black tea. The result of semi-standard non-polar chromatographic column HP-5MS and standard polar chromatographic column CP-Wax were compared by analysis. The results indicated that the separation effect of two different polarity chromatographic column are satisfactory, and there are some differences between the analysis results. Therefore, in the analysis of different aroma components in black tea, we should select suitable chromatographic columns according to the various analytes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Research Progress and Prospect of Green Control Techniques of Ectropis obliqua LI Xiwang, LIU Fengjing, SHAO Shengrong, SU Liang, JIN Limeng, LOU Yonggen, SUN Xiaoling Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 325-331.   Abstract （468）      PDF（pc） （701KB）（653）    PDF（mobile） （701KB）（12）    Knowledge map    Save Ectropis obliqua is one of the most destructive insect pests on tea plantations. The tea plants could be eaten or even died when E. obliqua erupted. Recent years, the outbreaks of E. obliqua have occurred extensively in tea cultivation areas of many provinces in China, and had led to serious economic losses. The investigation on the species clarification, volatile attractants, sex pheromone identification and other control techniques of the E. obliqua have been proliferated over the past a few years. Based on summarizing the previous results and combining the developmental trend of the current pest management both here and abroad, the development directions of E. obliqua management are prospected in the current paper, in order to provide reference to scientific control of E. obliqua in tea plantations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Full-length Transcriptome Analysis of Protected Cultivation ‘Yuncha 1’ (Camellia sinensis Var assamica) ZHU Xingzheng, XIA Lifei, CHEN Linbo, SUN Yunnan, TIAN Yiping, SONG Weixi, JIANG Huibin Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (2): 193-201.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.02.010 Abstract （744）      PDF（pc） （860KB）（653）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the genetic basis for important traits, the full-length transcriptome of the ‘Yuncha 1’ (Camellia assamica) was sequenced by using PacBio Platform. A total of 213β389 polished consensus were generated, 223β120 coding sequences were predicted and annotated, and 195β062 SSR loci were found. According to NR databases, 170β264 homologous sequences were mapped to 980 species, 103β124 unigenes were further annotated and grouped into 26 functional categories in KOG databases, 65β524 unigenes were annotated against GO database and divided into cellular component, molecular function and biological process categories with a total of 55 functional groups. KEGG pathway analysis showed that 105β972 unigenes could be broadly classified into 216 metabolism pathways according to their function, and some of them were involved in quality, bioactive substances, and resistance gene, etc. It is also predicted that there were 5β785 transcription factors belonging to 60 transcription factor families. The experimental results will give important data for development of SSRs of specific traits, genetic analysis and studies involved in quality formation and resistence mechanism in tea cultivar ‘Yuncha 1’. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Rooting Agent on Endogenous Hormone Levels and Propagation of Softwood Cuttings of Tea Plant REN Hengze, ZHANG Lixia, XIANG Qinzeng, HAN Xiaoyang, YU Qian, CAI Lu Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 11-12.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.002 Abstract （903）      PDF（pc） （368KB）（647）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the appropriate treatment of rooting agent and endogenous hormone changes in softwood cuttings of three-year-old Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Taicha12 with different tenderness, twigs were used to investigate the contents of IAA, ZR, GA3 and ABA in different tissues by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). And the effects of soaking duration of rooting agent on the endogenous hormone contents in the basal stem and the rapid propagation of tea cuttings were also studied. The results showed that in one bud and one leaf to one bud and two leaves (BL1), semi-functional leaf (L2), the first functional leaf (L3) and itslinked stem (S1), the second functional leaf (L4) and its linked stem (S2), the third functional leaf (L5) and its linked stem (S3), the stem near the fourth functional leaf (S4), the highest contents of IAA and ABA were observed in the second functional leaves. The highest content of ZR was found in the third functional leaves. And the content of GA3 increased with the increase of leaf maturity. The contents of IAA in S1-S3 were significantly higher than that in S4. However, the content of ABA in S1 was significantly higher than those in S2-S4. After ABT-1 rooting agent treatment (100 mg·L-1), the content of IAA in the basal stem significantly increased and the IAA/ABA and (IAA+ZR+GA3)/ABA values increased to about 1.0, which facilitated the formation of roots. During one hour treatment of the rooting agent, the IAA content rapidly increased and the IAA/ABA and (IAA+ZR+GA3)/ABA values also increased to about 1.0 in the cuttings with one or two functional leaves and apical shoot (F1-1, F2-1). For other cuttings, the above three indicators reached the maximum value after treatment for 4 h. The best treatment duration for different cuttings were different, with F1-1, F2-1 for 0.5-1 h, the cuttings with one functional leaf and excised apical shoot (F1-2) for 4 h, F2-2, F3-1 and F3-2 for 3-4 h. During transplantation, the maximum values of the root vigor, root number and the increase of basal stem diameter occurred in rooting agent treatment for 0-2 h. Other roots and shoots of tea cuttings showed the best growth after 4 h treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Comparative Study of the Chan Tea Culture between the Lingyin Temple and the Shaolin Temple MA Xiao-li Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (6): 559-564.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.06.005 Abstract （589）      PDF（pc） （514KB）（647）       Knowledge map    Save Nowadays, there is great interest to culture and tea academics in studying Chan, Chan tea and its culture. The paper is based on the knowledge of tea culture and economy of Henan and Zhejiang province and the great interest in studying Buddhism for years. By surveying the tea culture activities and its spreading, the believers and protection of knowledge and so on, the author does a comparative study of the contribution to Chan tea culture in the two temples. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Blending of Made Tea with Mixture Design TONG Hua-rong, GONG Zheng-li Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (3): 207-211.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.03.011 Abstract （530）      PDF（pc） （102KB）（645）       Knowledge map    Save Blending program of 7 scented teas using Uniform mixture Design of experiments was studied. Results showed that Uniform mixture design of experiments could be used in blending of made tea effectively. With the model of responses, the interactions of sensory attributes among components could be estimated. With the aid of analysis software HL40, formulations of tea could be optimized for several responses and the best formulation could be gotten. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16) Select Review on the Effect of Tea on Platelet Activation CHEN Ping, QIU Pei, CHENG Hao, ZHOU Ying, GONG Shuying Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (5): 458-464.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.008 Abstract （733）      PDF（pc） （592KB）（645）       Knowledge map    Save Platelet activation is the basis of the incidence of many cardiovascular disease, antiplatelet drugs could block the cascade of platelet aggregation in different levels. As confirmed by clinical research and animal experiments, tea and tea ingredients can inhibit platelet aggregation. Catechins exhibit a structure-activity relationship in antiplatelet effect. This review summarized recent progress in the effect of tea and tea ingredients on platelet activity or platelet aggregation in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, and also the effect on thrombus and coagulation system. The mechanism of anti-aggregatory effect of tea is explored, which provide further confirmation for its antithrombotic function and the preventive effect for cardiovascular disease. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Drag Reduction Performance of Tea Garden Bionic Shovel Based on Discrete Element Method JIANG Jiayin, DONG Chunwang, NI Yihua, XU Jiajun, LI Yang, MA Rong Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 791-805.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.004 Abstract （390）      PDF（pc） （1208KB）（644）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of serious soil compaction, small row spacing, large tillage resistance and easy entanglement in tea gardens, a bionic shovel based on discrete element method was proposed, and its drag reduction performance was studied. The physical parameters of the compacted soil in tea garden were measured by discrete element simulation and experiment method. Taking the mole claw as the prototype, combined with its digging action, a tillage agency based on a four-bar mechanism was designed, and the drag reduction effects of the claw tip and claw profile of the mole claw were studied using the discrete element method. From the discrete element simulation results, it can be seen that under various tillage conditions, the average torque reduction ratio and power consumption reduction ratio of the claw-tip bionic feature were 1.72%-5.04% and 1.58%-4.84%, respectively. The average torque reduction ratio and power consumption reduction ratio of the claw profile bionic feature were 34.06%-39.29% and 29.02%-34.73%, respectively. The average torque reduction ratio and power consumption reduction ratio of the composite bionic feature were 36.61%-42.06% and 30.84%-38.15%, respectively. It can be seen that the drag reduction effects of the two bionic features could be superposed to a certain extent, and the combined bionic feature had a better drag reduction effect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of Serine Protease EoSP1 in Tea Geometrid (Ectropis obliqua) and Its Response to Starvation ZHANG Xin, Chen Chengcong, DU Qin, LI Xiwang, SUN Xiaoling Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 669-680.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.006 Abstract （524）      PDF（pc） （719KB）（643）       Knowledge map    Save Serine protease plays an important role in the digestion process of Lepidoptera insects. In this study, we cloned a serine protease encoding gene EoSP1 from Ectropis obliqua and analyzed its basic characteristics and expression patterns. The coding sequence of EoSP1 is 858 bp, encoding 285 amino acid residues with deduced molecular weight of 29.53 kDa and isoelectric point of 5.44. Compared with other serine proteases, EoSP1 contains conserved serine protease catalytic sites (H95, A161 and S328) and protein interaction domains, and shows the closest relationship with SPs from Mamestra configurata. Further, EoSP1-GST fusion protein similar to the predicted size was purified from E. coli cells. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of EoSP1 was much higher in larvae than that in adults, pupae and eggs, and expressed in midgut of larvae specifically. EoSP1 was down-regulated by starvation treatment, and the expression level was change back to that of control group after re-feeding. The above results provide a basis for the function analysis of digestive enzyme and screening of new insect-resistance targets in Ectropis obliqua. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Anatomical Structure on Tea Leaves in Shandong Province FANG Yong, MENG Zhen-nong, LI Xiu-fen, QIAO Yong-jin, MEI Li, LIANG Yu Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (3): 190-196.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.03.008 Abstract （649）      PDF（pc） （44KB）（639）       Knowledge map    Save The significance and present situation on the morphology and anatomical structure of tea leaves were described in this paper. The anatomic structure of 51 tea cultivars and breeding materials were compared and the cold resistance between different cultivars and various regions were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for introduction of tea cultivar and the selection in cold resistance in northern tae area. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(28) Select Combination of Both Basic Water Saturated Butanol Extraction System and Macroporous Resin for Purification of Tea-Saponin TU Yun-fei, YANG Xiu-fang, KONG Jun-hao Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 556-560.   Abstract （400）      PDF（pc） （324KB）（638）       Knowledge map    Save Tea-saponins as the glycoside of pent-acyclic triterpenoid, which are extracted from camellia seeds, have a high molecule weight, strong polar, and easily water solubility characteristics. They are not only effective in decontamination, foaming, emulsification, decentralization and saturation, but also with function of diminishing inflammation, easing pain and resisting epiphyte. However, for the dark brown pigments of crude extraction from tea-cake were hard to remove using traditional methods, the saponins in the field of food, drink, hair care products and high-end daily health products are strongly restricted. In this paper, we employed basic water saturated butanol extraction system combined with macroporous resin for purification of tea-saponins. The results showed that tea-saponins were preferred to dissolve in the upper phase of basic water saturated butanol extraction system under the water solution containing moderate alkali. And the D280 was the optimum macroporous resin for removing the pigments after the extraction of basic water saturated butanol system. Finally, the product of purified tea-saponin is colorless (the light-absorbance value of the pigments in end-product was down from 0.15 to 0.02) and high purity (91 %, w/w). In conclusion, basic water saturated butanol extraction system combined with macroporous resin is suitable for purifying crude tea-saponins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Aroma Profiling of Oolong Tea by SDE and HS-SPME in Combination with GC-MS CHEN Lin, YU Wenquan, ZHANG Yinggen, XIANG Lihui, WANG Lili, YOU Zhiming Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 692-704.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.008 Abstract （996）      PDF（pc） （781KB）（638）       Knowledge map    Save To better understand the aroma characteristics of oolong tea, the volatile compounds of three representative Fujian oolong tea samples (Tieguanyin, Rougui and Shuixian) were isolated by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and head space solids-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with three different fiber coatings, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 262 aroma components were detected by different extraction methods. The number of aroma components detected from high to low was 204 (Rougui), 175 (Shuixian), and 120 (Tieguanyin), respectively. HS-SPME with dry samples were detected with 186 aroma components, followed by HS-SPME with wet samples (139), and SDE method detected 33 aroma components. Different extraction methods can complement each other on the detection of aroma components. A 65βμm PDMS/DVB (Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene) fiber showed good reproducibility, and some common or characteristic aroma components in oolong tea samples were robustly detected, such as nerolidol, indole, alpha-farnesene, phenylethyl alcohol, benzyl nitrile, methyl salicylate, etc. Compared with Tieguanyin, Rougui and Shuixian had higher number of aroma components, and the aroma compositions of Rougui were the most complex. These results were in consistent with the sensory evaluation of oolong tea produced from north and south of Fujian province, and Rougui showed higher aroma quality than that of Shuixian. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Policy and the Total Factor Productivity Change of Tea Industry in China ZHU Weili, CHEN Jianghua, LI Daohe Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 886-899.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.010 Abstract （510）      PDF（pc） （515KB）（634）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, the changing trend of China's tea industry policy from 1986 to 2018 was sorted out, the total factor productivity of China's tea industry was calculated by using data envelopment analysis, and the impact of tea industry policy on the change of total factor productivity was tested by using Tobit model. The results show that: (1) The number of industrial policies can significantly improve the total factor productivity of tea industry, and this promotion effect still exists after the endogenous problem is solved. (2) The number of encouraging policies and direct policies have a lasting impact on the total factor productivity (TFP) of tea industry, while the number of restrictive policies and indirect policies have a time lag effect on the TFP of tea industry. (3) Direct policies have the greatest impact on the total factor productivity of the tea industry, and indirect policies have the least impact on the total factor productivity of the tea industry. In order to improve the total factor productivity of tea industry, the government should strengthen policy support and improve the timeliness of industrial policies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Sulphur Nutrition of Tea Plant: A Review of Present Studies and Research Prospects HAN Wen-yan, HU Da-huo, SHI Yuan-zhi, MA Li-feng Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (4): 227-234.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.04.001 Abstract （731）      PDF（pc） （60KB）（634）       Knowledge map    Save Sulphur is one of the essential elements of tea plant and regarded as the fourth key element next to NPK. With the decreasing in the application of the traditional S-bearing fertilizers and pesticides, and the control of SO2 pollution in atmosphere in recent years, the S deficiency in tea plant is obviously increased. S application has being become one of the key factors in the Integrated Nutrition Management System in tea garden. This paper reviews the different aspects of S nutrition of tea, especially the S content in tea plant, the S absorption and utilization by tea plant, the availability and distribution of S in the soil and their affecting factors, the S deficiency in tea plant and its diagnosis, the effects of S application on yield and quality of tea, S balance in tea garden and S application technique. And finally the future research activities on S nutrition in tea are outlined. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select In Vitro Study on Hypolipidemic Effects of Theabrownins in Liupao Tea GONG Shouji, TENG Cuiqin, LIANG Dongyi, CAO Huiyi, MENG Yanfei, ZHANG Junwei, XIE Jiashi Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 536-543.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200612.003 Abstract （830）      PDF（pc） （415KB）（633）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of theabrownins in Liupao tea, their abilities to bind cholate, inhibit pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase, adsorb cholesterol and lipid in vitro were determined. The results show that the adsorption capacity of peanut oil by theabrownins was 0.73 g·g-1, and the adsorption amount of cholesterol was 122.42 mg·g-1 under acid condition and 13.68 mg·g-1 under neutral condition. In the theabrownin-binding cholate test, the binding abilities to the cholate showed an upward trend with the increase of theabrownin concentrations. However, the figures indicate that theabrownins can activate pancreatic lipase and it continues to increase with the increase of concentration. The IC50 value of inhibition on cholesterol esterase activity was 57.2 mg·mL-1. The hypolipidemic mechanism of theabrownins in Liupao tea might be mainly achieved by binding to cholate and adsorbing cholesterol and lipid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 70-74+65.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.015 Abstract （336）      PDF（pc） （78KB）（633）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Change of Polysaccharide During the Processing of Oolong Tea and its Structure Characteristic NI De-jiang, CHEN Yu-qiong, YU Zhi, ZHANG Yun, XIE Bi-jun, ZHOU Ji-rong Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 282-288.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.008 Abstract （571）      PDF（pc） （363KB）（631）       Knowledge map    Save During the process of Oolong tea, the extraction rate of TPS and the contents of its neutral sugar and protein decreased, particularly notably after the third shaking, but the content change of uronic acid was less. It was also indicated that the inhibiting effects of polysaccharide on radicals increased before the third shaking, and then decreased on Zuoqing stage. According to the changes of polyphenol content, when it was retained 85%, the content of TPS was highest and the effect on scavenging •OH and was best, which was regarded the technical index to end shaking during the process of Oolong tea. Four fractions of OTPS was obtained by DEAE-52 column chromatography, and there were obvious differences not only in contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein of OTPS, but also in inhibiting effects on hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide anion radical ( ). OTPS 2-1, a main fraction of OTPS, was obtained by DEAE-52 and Sephadex column chromatography. It was found that OTPS2-1 was a trinal compound of polysaccharide containing rich uronic acid and less protein. The results also showed that the molecular average-weight of OTPS2-1 was 8.877?104, and it was composed of Gal, Glu, Ara, Fuc and Rha with a molar ratio of 7.58:2.14:7.05:1.76:1.02. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(15) Select Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Yield, Quality, Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Oolong Tea CHEN Yuzhen, WANG Feng, WU Zhidan, ZHANG Wenjin, WENG Boqi, YOU Zhiming Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 758-770.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.005 Abstract （624）      PDF（pc） （468KB）（630）       Knowledge map    Save Through field experiment, the effects of different reduced chemical fertilizer applications on the yield, quality components, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization efficiency of tea plants were studied. We also compared economic benefits under different chemical fertilizer treatments, which included non-fertilize (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), organic fertilizer replacement (OF, 50.7% chemical fertilizer reduced), slow release fertilizers (SRF, 34.4% chemical fertilizer reduce) and biochar-based formula fertilizer (BF, 30.3% chemical fertilizer reduce). The results show that the different fertilization patterns had significant effects on tea yields. Compared with the CK, the average increase of tea yields under different fertilize applications in two years ranged from 14.24% to 29.56%. In comparison with CF, the tea yield decreased under the OF treatment, although the difference was not significant. The tea yields under SRF and BF treatments were averagely increased by 3.83% and 9.66% in two years. Tea yield under BF was significantly higher than that under CF. The tea quality components showed no statistical difference among different chemical fertilizer applications, but BF treatment significantly reduced the TP/AA ratio of tea, especially autumn tea. SRF and BF promoted N, P, K, Ca and Mg uptakes in tea plants, and improved fertilizer utilization efficiency in young shoots. Compared with CF, the fertilizer contribution rate, agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and nutrient recovery under SRF averagely increased by 3.25%, 0.96 kg·kg-1, 4.01 kg·kg-1 and 7.51%, respectively. The fertilizer contribution rate, agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and nutrient recovery under BF averagely increased by 7.63%, 1.41 kg·kg-1, 3.95 kg·kg-1 and 13.71%, respectively. Compared with CF, the average net income per hectare under SRF and BF increased by 630 CNY·hm-2 and 6 995 CNY·hm-2, respectively. Therefore, the biochar-based fertilizer modelis one of the important measures to increase the fertilizer efficiency of Minbei Oolong tea, and has a good application prospect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening, Identification and Culture Condition Optimization of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria Against Gloeosporium theae-sinensis Miyake ZHENG Shizhong, ZHOU Ziwei, CHEN Xiaohui, CAI Liewei, JIANG Shengtao, LIU Shengrong Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 205-215.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.006 Abstract （468）      PDF（pc） （2257KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Save To screen the antagonistic endophytic bacteria against Gloeosporium theae-sinensis Miyake, the healthy leaves of tea plants were utilized as materials, and the plate antagonistic method was used. The isolated bacteria were identified and evaluated for antimicrobial efficacy. The culture conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. One antagonistic bacterium X13 was screened from 162 strains of endophytic bacteria isolated, which had a good inhibitory effect on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The strain X13 was identified as Bacillus subtilis through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. The inhibitory rate of strain X13 on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides reached 61.6%. The logarithmic growth was between 2-14 h. The optimal culture conditions were 4.0% (mass percentage concentration) corn flour, 1.0% (mass percentage concentration) NaNO3, and 3.5% (volume fraction) inoculation. This study laid a key theoretical foundation for the prevention of the tea pathogen G. theae-sinensis and the development of its biocontrol agents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Acute and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation of Liupao Tea WU Wenliang, LIN Yong, LIU Zhonghua, HUANG Jian'an, LONG Zhirong, TENG Cuiqing, MA Shicheng, QIU Ruijin, CAO Zhonghuan Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (2): 173-181.   Abstract （836）      PDF（pc） （827KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Save Liupao tea has a long history and is characterized as famous agricultural products of Guangxi, but the study of its safety is not enough. In order to verify the safety, the main physicochemical components of Liupao tea from Wuzhou were measured by conventional test method of national standard, then, the acute and subacute toxicities of Liupao tea were systemically studied in accordance with the procedures for toxicological assessment on food safety. The experimental results showed that, the physicochemical indexes of Liupao tea were repeatable, which were followed with Guangxi local standards in the acute toxicity test. Using bliss method, the calculated median lethal dose (LD50) of Liupao tea was 9.38 g·kg-1 with 95% confidence interval (8.43~10.44 g·kg-1), which was higher than acute toxicity criteria (5 g·kg-1). In the subacute study, compared with the control group, no death or clinical signs, or abnormally hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes were found in either groups of rats receiving daily oral gavage of Liupao tea. The three dose treatments were 0.47, 0.94 and 1.88 g·kg-1·d-1 for 30 days (P>0.05). Thus, Liupao tea products belong to the actual non-toxic grade and fulfill the requirements of food safety according to the food toxicology standards. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Construction of Green Tea Recognition Model Based on ResNet Convolutional Neural Network ZHANG Yi, ZHAO Zhumeng, WANG Xiaochang, FENG Haiqiang, LIN Jie Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (2): 261-271.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.02.008 Abstract （1068）      PDF（pc） （2020KB）（627）       Knowledge map    Save Green tea is the tea with the largest variety and output in China. Its appearance is an important basis for its classification. Image classification is one of the core technologies of computer vision, but its application in tea field is almost blank. Tea recognition still relies on the sensory evaluation methods by experts. This study collected 1713 pictures of 8 kinds of green tea (Lishui Xiangcha, Xinyang Maojian, Lu'an Guapian, Taiping Houkui, Anji Baicha, Biluochun, Zhuyeqing and Longjing). Based on the convolutional neural network, we explored the effects of ResNet model depth from the perspectives of model convergence speed, size, efficiency and identification balance. Finally, the ResNet-18 and SGD optimization algorithms were selected and a deep learning model was established to distinguish 8 kinds of green tea. The accuracy reached 90.99%, the recognition time of the single picture was only 0.098 s, and the model size was 43.7 MB. This paper provided the foundation for constructing a tea visual recognition model and applying it to the mobile terminals and provided a new accurate and efficient method for tea recognition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda may Transfer to Damage Tea Plant (Camellia sinesis) SUN Xiaoling, CHEN Chengcong, LI Ning, LIU Fengjing, DONG Ya′nan, QIAN Xiaona, XING Yuxian, LIU Miaomiao, LI Xiwang Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 105-112.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20191202.001 Abstract （542）      PDF（pc） （585KB）（627）       Knowledge map    Save Spodoptera frugiperda is a world-class major migratory pest with a wide range of hosts. The growth fitness of S. frugiperda larvae feeding on maize and tea leaves was studied. The result shows that the mortality rate of the newly emerged larvae feeding on tea leaves was as high as 100% for 8 d. Weight gain of 3rd instar larvae feeding on maize leaves was significantly higher than that of larvae feeding on tea leaves. After feeding for 3 d and 6 d, the weight gains of larvae feeding on tea leaves were 35.58% and 36.67% of those feeding on maize leaves respectively. Growth fitness of larvae feeding on maize leaves was significantly better than larvae feeding on tea leaves. The main manifestations are as follows: (1) the survival rate of the old larvae feeding on the maize leaves for 8 d was 20% higher than that feeding on tea leaves. (2) the pupation rate of 9-daysinstar larvae feeding on tea leaves was 54.17%. (3) the developmental period of the larvae feeding on tea leaves was significantly longer than that of the larvae feeding on the maize leaves. moreover, the pupa weight, length and width of the larvae feeding on maize leaves were significantly higher than those of the larvae feeding on tea leaves. Although the performance of S. frugiperda feeding on tea leaves was significantly lower than that feeding on maize leaves, some weeds species are the host of S. frugiperda and 3rd instar larvae feeding on tea leaves could pupate successfully. Thus it is reasonable to speculate that if S. frugiperda migrates to the tea plantation or nearby, the larvae may transfer to damage tea plants with some weeds acting as intermediate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Advance on Mechanism of Regulating Lipid Metabolism by Active Ingredients of Dark Tea CHEN Zhi-xiong, QI Gui-nian, ZOU Yao, LI Jian-hua Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (3): 242-252.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.03.002 Abstract （735）      PDF（pc） （677KB）（625）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of regulating lipid metabolism by dark tea has been proved through various studies, while the active ingredients and mechanism of the effect are explored gradually. In this paper, the chemical and quantitative characteristics of the active and special ingredients in dark tea have been summarized, and the safety assessment of dark tea has also been made. Based on these, the way of regulating lipid metabolism by these ingredients has been discussed according to the researches on their mechanisms of function. The lipid-lowering mechanism of dark tea, and its multiple effect of various active ingredients were discussed and concluded in this paper. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Effect of Heat Stress on the Photosynthesis System of Tea Leaves LI Zhixin, LI Xin, FAN Lichao, HAN Wenyan Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (5): 415-422.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.002 Abstract （767）      PDF（pc） （875KB）（623）       Knowledge map    Save To study the effects of heat stress on the photosynthesis system of tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.), seedlings of ‘Longjing 43’ cultivar were challenged with high temperature (43℃) for 48 h followed by observation of photosynthetic apparatus by using Imaging Fluorescence system and Dual-PAM. Results obtained were as follows: Heat stress caused obvious alterations in the leaf phenotype. Net photosynthetic rate declined gradually following heat stress which was accompanied with significant decreases in the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco and the maximum RuBP regeneration rate. Heat stress decreased Fv/Fm, Y(Ⅰ) and Y (Ⅱ) rapidly, but increased Y(NO) and Y (NA), indicating that both photosystem II and photosystem I were damaged by heat stress. ΦPSⅡ, ETR(Ⅱ) and ETR(Ⅰ) were also decreased significantly by heat stress, suggesting that heat stress possibly blocked the electron transduction, in tea leaves, photosystem I was more tolerant to heat stress, while photosystem II was relatively sensitive. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select The Control Efficiency of Afidopyropen to Tea Green Leafhoppers and Evaluation of Residue in Tea GUO Mingming, LI Zhaoqun, LIU Yan, RAO Fuqiang, YU Jiawei, WU Luchao, ZHOU Li, CHEN Zongmao Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 358-366.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220506.002 Abstract （678）      PDF（pc） （505KB）（623）       Knowledge map    Save Afidopyropen is a novel biogenic insecticide derived from the natural fermentation product. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of afidopyropen for tea green leafhoppers (Empoasca onukii Matsuda) control and tea safety after the application of afidopyropen in tea garden. The dosage field trials and demonstration trials were conducted to evaluate the control efficiency of afidopyropen to tea green leafhoppers and the terminal residues in tea. The results of the dosage field trials in 2 locations show that 50 g·L-1 afidopyropen dispersible concentrate was more effective against the green leafhoppers than chlorfenapyr which was commonly used pesticide for the green leafhoppers control. At the dosages of 15.00 g·hm-2 and 22.50 g·hm-2, control efficiencies were 88.6%-93.4% on the 1st day after treatment and 75.5%-85.5% on the 14th day, demonstrating a quick control effect and good persistence. At the dosage of 18.75 g·hm-2 in 7 locations, the control efficiencies were 88.9%-100.0% on the 3rd day after treatment, and 60.2%-100.0% on the 14th day, which were better than the local commonly used pesticides. The terminal residues of afidopyropen in green tea ranged from 0.17-0.64 mg·kg-1 on the 7th day after the application, the leaching rate of afidopyropen from dry tea to tea brew ranged from 17.1%-19.1% during the brewing process, and the risk quotient values were far less than 1, indicating a very low health risk caused by the afidopyropen intake through drinking tea. In conclusion, afidopyropen is suitable for resistance management and comprehensive management of tea green leafhoppers with the advantages of low dosage, high-efficiency and low-healthy risk for tea consumer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Quantitative Analysis on Brand Premium Factors of Tea Enterprises Based on AHP and PSO SHEN Xuezheng, JIN Yujie, SU Zhucheng Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 133-142.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200117.005 Abstract （788）      PDF（pc） （385KB）（621）       Knowledge map    Save Brand premium is of great significance in the marketing operation of tea companies, and it is affected by many factors. Through 150 questionnaires and expert reviews, three first level factors, namely product quality, brand uniqueness and brand strength, and nine second level factors, including origin ecology, processing technology, production scale and brand personalized image were established. Meanwhile, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to quantitatively analyze each factor. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was applied to improve the accuracy of results. A quantitative model of tea brand premium was built. It was found that brand awareness and origin ecology were the most important factors affecting brand premium. Then, according to different brand types, four brands of tea enterprises were selected to conduct empirical research, analyze their brand premium capabilities, and make recommendations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Hypolipidemic Effect of Flavones and Dihydromyricetin From Tengcha CHEN Yu-qiong, NI De-jiang, CHENG Qian, HUANG Hai-bo, MENG Yan, WU Mou-cheng Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (3): 221-225.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.03.015 Abstract （641）      PDF（pc） （593KB）（621）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of Tengcha flavones and dihydromyricetin(DMY) on hypolipidemic mice were investigated. The results showed, compared with the hyperlipidemia control group, DMY reduced the weights of mice significantly; Tengcha flavones and DMY decreased serum TC、TG、LDL-C、malondiadehyde(MDA) contents and Liver coefficient, increased HDL-C levels and the activities of SOD distinctly. The pathological observation on the liver tissue showed that Tencha flavones and DMY could lighten the denaturation liver cell. As results, Tengcha flavones and DMY could prevent hypolipidemia in mice and protect myocardial cells from oxidation and the liver harmful from of high lipid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(43) Select Pathogenicity and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum camelliae from Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) CHENG Kaixin, YANG Kaixin, DENG Yayuan, LI Xin, LIU Enbei, WANG Yuchun, LÜ Wuyun Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 55-66.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.004 Abstract （559）      PDF（pc） （4410KB）（620）       Knowledge map    Save Colletotrichum camelliae is the dominant species causing foliar diseases of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). In this study, 65 isolates of C. camelliae were obtained from diseased leaves of tea plants in the 13 main tea-producing provinces of China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the multigene sequences was performed on all isolates, combined with their characteristics of colony and conidia, showed that all isolates clustered with C. camelliae. Pathogenicity analysis performed on detached leaves showed that all isolates of C. camelliae could infect the tea leaves, but the virulence of the isolates displayed a significant difference. The pathogenicity of 12 isolates, including YCW1180, YCW1331, YCW1382, YCW1387, YCW1419, YCW1443, YCW1451, YCW1453, YCW1454, YCW1461, YCW1613 and YCW2134, was significantly stronger than that of other isolates. By contrast, the pathogenicity of YCW1378 isolate was the weakest. The sensitivity of 65 isolates to 25% pyraclostrobin was determined by analyzing the inhibition rate of mycelial growth. The results show that the inhibition rate of pyraclostrobin on mycelial growth of YCW1436 isolate was only 36.00%, showing the worst antimicrobial effect. However, the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of most isolates was higher than 70.00%, which suggests that most isolates were highly sensitive to 25% pyraclostrobin. Microscopic observation shows that this agent mainly affected the conidial germination of C. camelliae. Overall, this study provided a solid foundation for the effective control of the diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Chemical Constituents of Pu-erh Teas from Different Areas by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS YANG Chen, DAI Weidong, LYU Meiling, LI Pengliang, LIU Xu, TIAN Jun, WAN Yunlong, LI Ji, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 605-615.   Abstract （667）      PDF（pc） （1648KB）（620）       Knowledge map    Save In order to fully understand the influences of the production area on pu-erh raw tea quality and chemical composition, 12 pu-erh raw tea samples were selected from different mountains (villages) in Lincang, Pu'er, and Xishuangbanna. The nonvolatile tea metabolite phenotypes of the pu-erh raw teas were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-four (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The results showed that the pu-erh raw teas from different areas had distinct chemical compositions. Pu-erh raw teas from Xishuangbanna (including Mengla, Menghai, and Jinghong), Pu'er, and Lincang could be seperated by principal component analysis. Pu-erh raw teas could also be seperated according to producing areas (southeast, southwest, and northwest of pu-erh tea area). Seventy nine main components in pu-erh raw teas were identified, and the relationships between the components and the taste qualities of the 12 pu-erh raw teas were also analyzed. This study showed that the metabolite phenotypes analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS could be used for the discrimination of pu-erh raw teas according to producing areas. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Activity Changes in Several Extracellular Enzymes of Eurotium cristatum Fungi During its Growth Period CHEN Gui-mei, DENG Yong-liang, HUANG Ya-ya, ZHANG Yue, JI Xiao-ming, ZHOU Xing-chang, HU Xin Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 306-310.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.003 Abstract （735）      PDF（pc） （521KB）（619）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore extra-cellular enzyme secreted by Eurotium cristatum fungi, the enzymatic productivity and activity changes on carboxymethyl cellulase(CMCase), proteinase, amylase, pectinase and lipase were analyzed according to the methods of hydrolyzed circle and liquid cultivation. The results showed that there were obvious hydrolyzed circles appearsed on the plate medium with starch and olive oil, but not on plate medium with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, pectin and milk. Except lipase, other enzymes were detected and their activities were varied obviously during liquid cultivation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Metabolism of Amino Acids during the Withering of White Tea CHEN Jiajia, ZHU Chensong, ZHU Wenwei, SHANG Hu, LIN Lin, LUO Yuqin, SUN Weijiang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (4): 471-481.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.04.003 Abstract （1061）      PDF（pc） （1554KB）（618）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate amino acids during the withering of white tea, metabolomics and proteomics were used to detect amino acids and related enzymes in the withered leaves at 0 h, 12 h and 30 h. The results show that the total amino acids had no significant change during withering process. While serine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, tyrosine, histidine, isoleucine, proline, valine, phenylalanine and γ-aminobutyric acid contents increased but N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid, reduced glutathione, N-α-acetyl-L-arginine decreased in the early stage of withering (0-12 h). The contents of glutamic acid and acetylglycine decreased in the later stage. Proteins tended to degrade during the withering process and the enzymes enriched in amino acid synthesis pathway were down-regulated in the early stage of withering, and the enzymes related to degradation were up-regulated in the later stage. The protein amino acids were mainly derived from protein hydrolysis, and then converted into non-protein amino acids. The γ-aminobutyric acid was regulated by glutamate decarboxylase under dehydration conditions. The increase of its content promoted the umami taste of white tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening and Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-time PCR Analysis in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) under Different Nitrogen Nutrition LIU Yuan, WANG Liyuan, WEI Kang, CHENG Hao, ZHANG Fen, WU Liyun, HU Juan Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 92-101.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.012 Abstract （517）      PDF（pc） （1081KB）（617）       Knowledge map    Save The objective of this study was to select the most reliable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of target tea plant genes under varying nitrogen source and availability. We chose 6 housekeeping genes which included five commonly used and one new candidates to systematically assess their expression levels at three different tissues (young leaves, mature leaves and roots) under different nitrogen regimes by qRT-PCR. GeNorm and NormFinder software were used to analyze and evaluate the data for reference genes. The results indicated that GAPDH, β-actin and RPL13 are the best reference genes for normalizing target gene expression in tea plant under different nitrogen nutrition, whereas α-tubulin and RuBP are not suitable in many experimental conditions and the best combination (GAPDH+β-actin) was recommended. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CsNRT1.2 and CsAMT1.1 in young leaves of tea plants were analyzed. The results showed that the variation tendency of CsNRT1.2 and CsAMT1.1 are exactly consistent when using GAPDH and GAPDH+β-actin as reference genes. However, the expression levels of these genes are showed significant differences when α-tubulin was used as a reference gene. Thus, validation of suitable reference genes for specific condition can guarantee the accurate quantification of the target genes in qRT-PCR analysis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Variation of Catechins and Alkaloids in First Generation of Tea Plants WANG Xue-min, MA Jian-qiang, JIN Ji-qiang, MA Chun-lei, YAO Ming-zhe, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (5): 397-404.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.05.011 Abstract （403）      PDF（pc） （697KB）（616）       Knowledge map    Save The contents of catechins and alkaloids of 229 individuals in the combination of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze ×C. sinensis var. pubilimba Chang were detected by using high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). The results showed that the biochemical diversity and variation were high in first generation of tea plants. The average diversity index and coefficient of variation were 2.02 and 27.51%, respectively. The catechin quality index ranged from 348.39~2β583.96, with average of 762.47. In principal component analysis, the first five principal components represented 86.94% of the biochemical diversity. Based on the biochemical data, 229 individuals of first generation and parents were clustered into two groups, 100 individuals in group one, 131 individuals in group two, and both parents were clustered in group two. It provided the reference for tea breeding identification and utilization in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Different Microorganisms on theFermentative Process of Pu-erh Tea FU Xiu-juan, SONG Wen-jun, XU Yong-quan, LI Chang-wen Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (4): 325-330.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.04.007 Abstract （730）      PDF（pc） （655KB）（616）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explain the effects and mechanisms of microorganisms on the fermentative process of Pu-erh tea, For the purpose of providing the theory and data support for industrialized fermentation of Pu-erh tea, the monoxenie fermentation under individual microorganism and mixed fermentation experiments of Pu-erh tea were carried out. The experiments discovered the effects of different microorganisms by tracing the influences of different strains to sense quality and physics and chemistry index in the fermentative process of Pu-erh tea. The results showed that in the fermentative process of Pu-erh tea, the color of tea became to hepatic from green, the bitter sense of tea soup taperred, the tea soup was red and bright. The contents of tea polyphenol and water extract were decreased, while the contents of theabrownin and caffeine were increased. Furthermore, the influence of fungi to these components was largest, yeast was less than fungi, bacteria was least. Mixed fermentation tea possessed ripe tea quality when fermented 20d. Forementioned results proved that fermenting Pu-erh tea with reasonable matching can not only shorten fermentative time, but also preferably control and benchmarking the fermentative trend and result of Pu-erh tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Application of Electronic Tongue in Tea Detection and Identification PAN Yucheng, YE Naixing, JIANG Fuying, HUANG Xianzhou Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (6): 621-630.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.06.009 Abstract （601）      PDF（pc） （813KB）（614）       Knowledge map    Save With the increase of knowledge on the human taste feeling mechanism and the development of sensor and pattern recognition technologies, electronic tongue, an intelligent sensing instrument simulating the human taste system, has been rapid developed. It is now also widely applied in many fields. This paper introduced the basic principle and structure of the electronic tongue. The application of electronic tongue in the identification of tea varieties, detection of taste substances, quality evaluation of tea etc were also reviewed. Moreover, the problems present in the application of electronic tongue in tea and the development direction in future were also discussed, which could be a useful reference for further in-depth studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of LOX Gene Family in Camellia sinensis and Expression Analysis in the Process of White Tea Withering LIN Xinying, WANG Pengjie, CHEN Xuejin, GUO Yongchun, GU Mengya, ZHENG Yucheng, YE Naixing Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (4): 482-496.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.04.004 Abstract （853）      PDF（pc） （1801KB）（614）       Knowledge map    Save Aliphatic compounds are an important part of plant aromatic substances and play an important role in the composition of white tea aroma. This study used bioinformatics methods to identify the LOX gene family in the chromosome-level tea plant genome database, and obtained 12 tea plant LOX gene family members, named CsLOX1-CsLOX12. The 12 tea plant LOXs are mainly located in the cytoplasm or chloroplast. The encoded proteins have the same characteristic domains and conserved motifs. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows that the LOX gene family is divided into two subfamilies: 9-LOX and 13-LOX. CsLOX2, CsLOX3, CsLOX4, and CsLOX7 belong to 9-LOX subtypes, and the rest belong to 13-LOX subtypes. Gene structure analysis shows that CsLOX1 contains 8 exons, the rest contain 9 exons. The transcriptome data analysis of different tissues shows that the family genes are highly expressed in the tender and mature leaves of tea plants. The upstream promoter region analysis finds a large number of cis-acting elements closely related to plant development, light response, hormone and stress response. Fluorescence quantitative PCR detection reveals that the CsLOX genes were expressed to varying degrees under drought, low temperature and MeJA hormone treatment. Under the treatment of different withering time of white tea, the expression levels of CsLOX1, CsLOX3, CsLOX5, CsLOX7, CsLOX8, CsLOX9, CsLOX11 and CsLOX12 were induced, with the peaks at 4 h (up to 27-fold increase). The results of this study show that members of the CsLOX gene family participate in the regulation of the formation of aliphatic aromas during the process of white tea withering, laying a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of aroma formation during tea processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1996, 16 (02): 81-86.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1996.02.001 Abstract （456）      PDF（pc） （2234KB）（614）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress in Study on the Chemical Structure and Pharmacological Activities of Triterpene Saponins from Tea Plant (Theaceae) XIA Xiao-ping, ZHENG Cai-hong, FENG Chun-hong, XIA Chun-hua Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (5): 391-398.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.05.016 Abstract （635）      PDF（pc） （697KB）（614）       Knowledge map    Save More than 50 new triterpene saponins from tea plant (Theaceae) were reported in last two decades. For the purpose of introducing the advance on the chemical structure and pharmacological activities, the representative literature were analysized. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 157-160.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.019 Abstract （324）      PDF（pc） （124KB）（612）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Fuzhuan Tea on Small Intestine Motility of Mice XIAO Li-zheng, YU Zhi-yong, HUANG Jian-an, FU Dong-he Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 579-582.   Abstract （290）      PDF（pc） （154KB）（611）       Knowledge map    Save Effect of extracts of Fuzhuan tea produced in different years and with different doses on the small intestine motility of normal mice, on the suppression of mice small intestine motility caused by atropine sulfate, and on the propulsion of mice small intestine movement caused by neostigmine methylsulfate were studied. The results showed that Fuzhuan tea extracts could advance the motility of normal mice small intestine. All doses of Fuzhuan tea produced in different years could inhibit normal mice alvine propulsive motility caused by atropine sulfate. High-dosage of Fuzhuan tea extracts could restrain the mice small intestine propulsive movement caused by neostigmine methylsulfate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Identification of a Tea Rhizosphere Bacterium and its Biocontrol of Tea Anthracnose Disease ZHU Yongshan, LUO Xiaoxin, LIANG Haoran, CHEN Zhengtong, LIU Cheng, CAO Kai, LIU Shaoqun, ZHOU Erxun, SHU Canwei, ZHENG Peng Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (1): 87-100.   Abstract （507）      PDF（pc） （1254KB）（607）       Knowledge map    Save Tea anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is one of the most important fungal diseases of Camellia sinensis worldwide, which causes serious damage to tea growth and production. The control of tea anthracnose is mainly dependent on chemical fungicides. To promote green prevention and control in tea plantation, development of biocontrol agents is critically important. A bacterium named JT68 isolated from tea rhizosphere was identified based on physiological and biochemical analysis and PCR. The inhibition effects of fermented broth JT68 on confrontation culture, mycelia growth and spores germination were determined. The effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of JT68 was tested and the components were identified by GC-MS. The control effect of JT68 was determined using detached leaf method. The results of this study shows that the strain JT68 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Plate confrontation shows that the inhibition rate of fermentation broth of JT68 against C. gloeosporioides was 80.94%. Co-culture shows that the inhibition rate of spore germination of C. gloeosporioides was 99.18%, and the mycelia of pathogen shrank and formed chlamydospores. The VOCs of JT68 could inhibit 50.73% mycelia growth of C. gloeosporioides. Ketones such as 2-Nonanone and 2-Undecanone were revealed as major components in VOC through GC-MS analysis. Leaf detached inoculation shows that the relative inhibition rates of the original fermentation broth, 10-fold, and 100-fold dilutions were 83.20%, 79.70% and 72.66%, respectively. Furthermore, our study found that JT68 strongly inhibited the growth of Magnaporthe grisea, Fusarium oxysporum, C. capsici, C. higginsianum, Verticillium dahlia and Sclerotium rolfsii with the inhibition rates of 70.0%- 93.2%. Our study provided a biocontrol agent B. amyloliquefaciens from tea rhizosphere, which showed superior biocontrol effect against C. gloeosporioides. This strain had been applied to develop biofertilizer and widely used in the field, which would reduce the use of chemical fungicide and implement prevention and control in tea plantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Morphological Characteristics and Histological Structure of the Reproductive Organs in Female Adults of Ectropis grisescens Warren (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) ZHANG Jiaxia, SUN Qinyu, GE Chaomei, YE Tao, ZHANG Ran, DING Yong Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 98-104.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.011 Abstract （749）      PDF（pc） （1340KB）（607）       Knowledge map    Save The tea geometrid, Ectropis grisescens Warren is a major defoliator of tea trees. The morphology and histology of internal and external reproductive organs of the female adult insects were described here using both anatomical sections and microscopic observation. The female adult reproductive organs were comprised of a pair of ovaries, two lateral oviducts, one common oviduct, spermatheca, accessory gland, oviporus, corpus bursae and associated parts, ductus seminalis, apophyses and papillae anales. Each ovary contained eight symmetrical ovarioles. The corpus bursae was a typical bag structure and possessed a heart-shaped signum which covered 16 symmetrical spines on the surface of both sides. The apophyses posteriores was slender and shovel-like. Nurse cells and oocytes were arranged alternately in polytrophic ovarioles. The ovipositor possessed a well-developed gonad. This study was the first research on the genital structure of female adult of E. grisescens Warren. The results provided guidance for the study of ovarian development, field forecasting, and identification of related species. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Chloroplast Proteome Difference of ‘Baiye 1’ [Camellia sinensis (L.) O Kuntze] during Periodic Albinism LI Qin, CHENG Xiaomei, LI Yongdi, YANG Peid, HUANG Jian'an, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 325-334.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.010 Abstract （754）      PDF（pc） （1301KB）（606）    PDF（mobile） （1301KB）（19）    Knowledge map    Save ‘Baiye 1’ is a kind of temperature sensitive tea cultivar. The change of chloroplast is the key factor for the periodic albinism of ‘Baiye 1’. To understand the mechanism of periodic albinism of ‘Baiye 1’, two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry was adopted to separate and identify the chloroplast proteins, which were significantly changed during the three developmental periods. The results show that 726, 748 and 718 protein spots were separated at the pre-albinistic, albinistic and regreen stages, respectively. The expression levels of 59 protein spots varied markedly during the three development stages. A total of 22 protein spots were successfully identified by MS, which were involved in photosynthesis, stress response, metabolism of nucleic acid, substance metabolism and unknown function. Photosynthetic proteins were the most affected proteins, which account for 31.82% in the significantly changed proteins. These results indicate that these physiological processes might play crucial roles in the periodic albinism. The gene expression profiles of the differentially expressed proteins were also verified by real-time PCR analysis. The results show that the expressions of genes and proteins were not consistent, which might be related to the protein processing and post-modification. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of periodic albinism in ‘Baiye 1’. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Preference of Large Yellow Tea Based on Consumers with Different Ages AN Qi, QIU Tong, ZHANG Ying, XIAO Mingji, CHEN Aini, SHENG Caiyan, DAI Qianying Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 435-446.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.03.004 Abstract （533）      PDF（pc） （3196KB）（604）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, 9-point hedonic scale and 5-point just about right were used to test the preference of large yellow tea and evaluate the acceptance of sensory attributes among consumers with different ages. The results show that young and middle-aged consumers prefer low-roasted and high-tenderness large yellow tea with sweet and mellow flavors while older consumers prefer high-roasted and low-tenderness large yellow tea with the burnt, bitter and paste flavors. Combined the JAR data with the preference data through penalty analysis, the most influential attributes, the direction of attribute optimization and the order of improvement priority were qualitatively obtained from the three age groups, which was of certain reference to design and process large yellow tea products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Influencing Factors and Trade Efficiency of China Tea Export: Based on Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model ZHANG Fei, GUAN Xi, ZHU Rongjun Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 430-438.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.03.009 Abstract （903）      PDF（pc） （491KB）（603）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the stochastic frontier gravity model and trade non-efficiency model, using panel data of 37 representative countries (regions) from 2001 to 2017, influencing factors and trade efficiency of China tea export were analyzed. The results show that China tea export efficiency had a rising tendency, but the overall export efficiency was at a low level and presented regional imbalance. The China tea export efficiency with the developed economies was relatively high, but the tea trade efficiency with countries along "the Belt and Road" was at a very low level. The failure to realize the full potential of China tea export efficiency mainly came from the loss of technical efficiency. The increase of domestic supply, the expansion of importing market capacity and the reduction of trade cost were all conducive to improve China tea export efficiency. To some extent, the business environment improvement of importing markets could offset the impact of trade inefficiency. Free trade agreement had not yet played a positive role in China tea export. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Volatile Organic Compounds from Fresh Tea Leaves and Their Fumigation Antifungal Activities on Fungal Pathogens of Tea Plants ZHI Yanan, XU Yunfei, ZHU Mingxing, WANG Chunsheng, JIN Yinli, CHEN Lijun Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 371-378.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.03.005 Abstract （781）      PDF（pc） （1930KB）（603）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the relationship between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fresh tea leaves and the main fungal pathogens of tea plants, the VOCs from fresh tea leaves were extracted and analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS. The fumigation antifungal activities of volatile monomers from fresh tea leaves against four fungal pathogens including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum camelliae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotiopsis theae were also studied. The results show that 28 chemical compounds were found from VOCs of fresh tea leaves, and 19 of them were characterized, accounting for 94.405% of the total VOCs. The main chemical compounds were hexanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)-hexanoic acid-3-hexenyl ester (18.395%), leaf acetate (16.935%), ocimene (12.615%), and cis-3-hexenyl butyrate (11.210%). Cis-3-hexenyl butyrate exhibited strong fumigation antifungal effect on the four tested fungal pathogens, and the EC50 were lower than 61.29 μL·L-1. In conclusion, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate can be used as a potential fumigant control of tea diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Glutathione S-transferase Genes in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) Based on Transcriptome Analysis ZHANG Yazhen, WEI Kang, WANG Liyuan, CHENG Hao Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (5): 513-522.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.05.010 Abstract （696）      PDF（pc） （971KB）（603）       Knowledge map    Save Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) belong to a superfamily of multifunctional enzymes and are ubiquitous in plants. Forty nine CsGSTs genes were identified by transcriptome analysis of Zhonghuang 2 and Longjing 43 under control and shading treatment. Nineteen CsGSTs with relatively high expression levels in buds were used for sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyze the expression patterns of 8 candidate genes in different leaf positions of Longjing 43. The results showed that CsGSTs were expressed in all tested leaves, but exhibited different expression patterns. CsGST20 showed an increasing expression from a bud with a leaf to the sixth leaf, suggesting a potential role in stress resistance. On the other hand, the expression level of CsGST24 dropped significantly, suggesting that CsGST24 might participate in anthocyanin accumulation in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Growth and Development on the Visual Ability of Empoasca onukii TAN Chang, SHAN Yao, ZHOU Xiaosen, YAO Qiuyi, CAI Xiaoming, BIAN Lei Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 367-376.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.004 Abstract （351）      PDF（pc） （1304KB）（602）       Knowledge map    Save Allometry is an important strategy for insects to adapt to the surrounding environment. Visual cues are the key information for host selection and flight movement of Empoasca onukii. With the growth and development of E. onukii, the size and mobility of the leafhopper gradually increase, and the morphology of the compound eye also changes significantly. In this study, histological and behavioral methods were used to determine the morphological structure and visual ability of the compound eye of E. onukii at different ages. The results show that the visual ability gradually increased during the growth and development process of E. onukii. From 1st instar to 5th instar, the optical sensitivity of the nymph increased from 0.04 μm2·sr to 0.11 μm2·sr, and the visual acuity increased from 0.086 cycles per degree (cpd) to 0.112 cpd. Both of optical sensitivity and visual acuity were consistent with the allometric growth, but their growth rates were slower than that of the size of nymphs. After the emergence of nymphs, the optical sensitivity of the center region of the compound eye decreased and there was a significant difference between the male and the female. Although the visual acuity kept increasing, the compound eye of E. onukii was still a low-resolution organ with limited effective visual distance. This study confirms that E. onukii slows down the growth rate of visual ability to prioritize the development of body size and motion-related organs, and focuses on the increase of visual field to facilitate to perceive visual cues in a wide range. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Anticancer Activity of Theaflavin Diagallate and its Mechanism JIANG He-yuan, Hang Xiao, YUAN Xin-yue, WANG Chuan-pi, Chung S Yang Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (1): 33-38.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.01.005 Abstract （491）      PDF（pc） （406KB）（601）       Knowledge map    Save Theaflavin digallate was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Its anticancer activity and mechanism were analyzed on H1299 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Results from MTT assay showed that Theaflavin digallate could inhibit the growth of H1299, and its IC50 value is 25μmol/L. Theaflavin digallate could slightly adjust the cell cycle of HCT-116 cancer cell, and significantly promote the apoptosis of HCT-116 cancer cell at 50μmol/L. Theaflavin digallagte could decrease the expression of cancer-promoting biomarker, Bcl-xL, and increase the expression of cancer-inhibiting biomarker, Bax, on HCT-116 cancer cell line. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(19) Select Extracting Characteristics of Flavone and Flavonol Glycosides in Xihulongjing Tea under Different Brewing Conditions and Their Contribution to Tea Taste LIU Yang, CHEN Gensheng, XU Yongquan, ZHANG Yingna, YIN Junfeng Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 217-224.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.003 Abstract （738）      PDF（pc） （640KB）（601）       Knowledge map    Save The study proposed a standard analyzing method based on high performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet (UV) to quantify extracting characteristics of flavone glycosides in Xihulongjing tea under different brewing conditions, and their contributions to taste was estimated by Dot factor (Dose-over-Threshold). Results indicated that: (1) This method can be used to separate and quantify eleven flavone and flavonol glycosides in tea; (2) In traditional brewing conditions, Myr-gala and Que-rut were the principal flavonol glycosides in Xihulongjing tea. With brewing temperature and time rising, eleven flavone and flavonol glycosides except Kae-rut increased variably with the raising of brewing temperature and the prolonging of brewing time, Que-rut and Que-gala leached fastly, while Myr-rha and Vit-rha leached slowly among 11 flavone and flavonol glycosides; (3)All of the Dot factors of Que-rut、Que-gala and Myr-gala were higher than 10. According to the definition of Dot factor, they may be showed a significant contributor to tea taste. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Rapid Propagation of Tea Clonal Seedlings in Auto-controlled Greenhouse CHENG Hao, ZENG Jian-ming, ZHOU Jian, WANG Li-yuan, CHANG Jie, GE Ying, YUAN Hai-bo, GU Bao-jing, ZHANG Xiao-fei Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (3): 231-235.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.03.009 Abstract （508）      PDF（pc） （408KB）（598）       Knowledge map    Save The rapid propagation of tea clonal seedling was carried out in auto-controlled greenhouse. The result showed that when the technical route of tissue culture-direct rooting-greenhouse incubating was followed, the optimal initial explant was the third axillary bud of spring shoots, which possessed the best germination rate, proliferated 2.75 times in one incubation cycle, and 20% of the cultures could grow to more than 5βcm length every cycles. On the other hand, when the technical route of direct greenhouse cutting and incubation was followed, biannual proliferation could be achieved with one started in middle March and harvested after 5 months while the height of seedlings reached 20.4±8.3βcm, the transplant survival rate of these seedlings was close to 100% after they were proper conditioned. The other proliferation started at about Aug. to Sept., after about 6 month’s incubation, the height of those seedlings reached more than 20βcm after the rootage was established during winter. The increment of seedling height of those fertilized was 5.9 times as much as those unfertilized. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(13) Select Study on the Distribution of Glyphosate and Its Metabolite Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Camellia Sinensis GUO Yongchun, CHEN Jinfa, ZHAO Feng, WANG Shuyan, WANG Pengjie, ZHOU Peng, OUYANG Liqun, JIN Shan, YE Naixing Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 510-518.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.04.007 Abstract （825）      PDF（pc） （505KB）（597）       Knowledge map    Save To study the transport and metabolism of glyphosate, different doses of glyphosate were quantitatively sprayed into young and adult tea plants (Young: 0.9 g·m-2. Adult: 1.5 g·m-2, 4.5 g·m-2 and 15 g·m-2) and samples were collected at different times (1, 4, 7, 15 d and 40 d) to determine the contents of glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid in various parts of tea plants. The results show that the order of glyphosate content in tea plants from high to low was root, leaf and stem after spraying glyphosate on the root of tea plant. Aminomethylphosphonic acid was mainly accumulated in the roots of tea plants, and it could also be detected in the stems and leaves of young tea plants (0-0.33 mg·kg-1). However, no aminomethylphosphonic acid was detected in the stems and leaves of adult tea plants. After 40 d of application, glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid were not detected in the roots, stems and leaves of young tea plants at a dose of 0.9 g·m-2. However, they were still detected in the roots of adult tea plants at a dose of 1.5-15 g·m-2 (glyphosate: 2.26-26.73 mg·kg-1, aminomethylphosphonic acid: 0.21-2.59 mg·kg-1). Glyphosate residues in both stem and leaves of adult plants were low (0-0.29 mg·kg-1). In this study, through field simulation experiments, the transfer, metabolism and enrichment rules of glyphosate in tea plants after being ingested were analyzed, which could provide a reference for scientific control and risk assessment of glyphosate in tea gardens. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Advance on Biosynthesis, Regulation and Function of Anthocyanins in Tea Plant PANG Dandan, ZHANG Fen, ZHANG Yazhen, WEI Kang, WANG Liyuan, CHENG Hao Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (6): 606-614.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.06.007 Abstract （692）      PDF（pc） （780KB）（595）       Knowledge map    Save Anthocyanins, a type of polyphenols and natural antioxidants, can benefit human health such as lowering blood lipids, pressure and against cancer. Purple tea cultivars enriched in anthocyanins, attract increasing attention in the market. Based on recent studies of anthocyanins, the types, biosynthesis pathway and physiological functions of anthocyanins in tea plants, as well as the internal and external factors affecting the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in tea plant were reviewed, which would provide theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of tea anthocyanins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Changes of Non-galloylated Catechins and Relative Enzymes in Tea Shoots ZHANG Xian-lin, GAO Li-ping, XIA Tao, LIU Ya-jun, GAO Ke-jun Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (5): 365-371.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.5.006 Abstract （570）      PDF（pc） （281KB）（594）       Knowledge map    Save The changes of non-galloylated catechins and relative enzymes as well as the composition of catechins in different parts of tea shoots and in different seasons were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the contents of non-galloylated catechins except GC increased gradually from bud to the fourth leaf. Both of two synthetical enzymes related to non-galloylated cahechins, the activity of DFR/LAR declined gradually, but the activity of ANR was the highest in the third leaf. The result of correlation analysis showed that the contents of total catechins in different tea leaves presented a prominent positive correlation with the activity of DFR/LAR,but not with the activity of ANR. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(19) Select Fauna of Tea Fulgora and the Major Species in China ZHANG Han-gu Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (4): 240-242.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.04.003 Abstract （691）      PDF（pc） （87KB）（594）       Knowledge map    Save There were more than 20 species of fulgora recorded in tea areas of China. They belonged to 6 families of Fulgoroidea. Most of them belonged to Flalidae and Ricaniidae, including several harmful species. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(14) Select Research on Synergistic Protection and Repairing Effects of EGCG and Theanine in Oxidative Damaged Cells LIU Xiaohui, JIE Guoliang, LIN Kang, WU Yuanyuan, WANG Yuefei, TU Youying Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (3): 239-247.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.03.005 Abstract （654）      PDF（pc） （627KB）（593）       Knowledge map    Save This paper investigated the scavenging capacities of EGCG and theanine, the two main active components in tea, alone or synergistically on ABTS, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro were investigated. The oxidative injury experimental model of mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) by H2O2 was established for measuring the oxidative level and antioxidative enzyme activities by EGCG and theanine. The results showed that EGCG and theanine showed synergistic effect on the scavenging of ABTS and hydroxyl radical except for the DPPH radical. EGCG and theanine could synergistically reduce the contents of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and enhance the activity of GSH-Px on RAW 264.7, which meant that the combination of above two compounds could synergistically reduce the oxidative damage of the cells through improving the antioxidant capacity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Advance in Research and Application of Sex Pheromone of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Pest LUO Zongxiu, CAI Xiaoming, BIAN Lei, LI Zhaoqun, CHEN Zongmao Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (3): 229-236.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.03.001 Abstract （884）      PDF（pc） （738KB）（593）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. However, long-term dependence on chemical pesticide to control diseases and pests caused pesticide residue problem which seriously affects human health. In the meanwhile, pesticide abuse also creates pest resistance and environment pollution. As one of most important discovery in chemical ecology in 1960’s, sex pheromone has attracted scientists for its high efficiency, pro-environment, specificity characteristics. In the past studies, the sex pheromone of several tea pests had been identified and applied, For instance, the application of small tea tortrix sex pheromone has become a paragon. In this paper, we review and discuss the research advance about the identification of tea pest sex pheromone, functions of minor components, chirality, polymorphism, resistance, synthesis pathway, regulatory mechanism and other ecological functions of sex pheromone. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (02): 105-108+134.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.02.003 Abstract （464）      PDF（pc） （296KB）（593）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Tea Polyphenols in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus GAO Yuanyuan, MAO Limin, XU Ping, WANG Yuefei Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 239-247.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.006 Abstract （669）      PDF（pc） （594KB）（592）       Knowledge map    Save As natural functional materials, tea polyphenols have been shown to effectively prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the mechanism of action is still unclear. For further study, this article summarizes the molecular mechanisms implicated in the beneficial metabolic effects of tea polyphenols. In the respect of glycometabolism, tea polyphenols significantly reduce the absorption of simple sugars by inhibiting disaccharidases (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Then, tea polyphenols can ameliorate insulin resistance and inhibit gluconeogenesis via insulin signaling and AMPK pathway, including regulation of the phosphorylation and expression of protein kinases, and relevant transcription factors. In addition, tea polyphenols stimulate glucose uptake and utilization by increasing insulin secretion. Meanwhile, tea polyphenols showed great effects on improving lipid metabolic disorder by suppressing lipid synthesis and accumulating the activity of related enzyme and the expression of transcription factors as well as stimulating the oxidative metabolism of fat and lipid and suppressing the lipidosis. Moreover, tea polyphenols showed antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capability to ameliorate cell damage and apoptosis induced by oxidation and inflammation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select Effect of Green Tea Infusions on Obesity-associated Gut Microbiota GUO Hongwen, XU Xiangyu, CHEN Yingjie, NI Li, LIU Zhibin Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (4): 354-362.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.04.003 Abstract （636）      PDF（pc） （1019KB）（592）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the effect of tea on intestinal microflora attracted widespread attention. In this study, the green tea infusion with human fecal was mixed, the change of intestinal flora related to obesity in different fermentation time points (0, 6, 12, 24 h) were measured and the role of tea regulated intestinal microflora was evaluated. The results showed that green tea infusion inhibited the reduction of total gut bacteria, Bacteroides and Firmicutes after fermentation for 24 h (P<0.05), improved the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Firmicutes, reduced the F/B ratio, which provides a reference to support the important role of green tea infusion in improving intestinal health, reducing weight and lowering blood lipid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select tudy of Pu′er Raw Materials Grade Classification by PCA and PLS-DA LIU Binqiu, CHEN Xiaoquan, WU Xiaogang, ZHANG Wei, WANG Zihao Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (2): 179-184.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.011 Abstract （1099）      PDF（pc） （910KB）（591）       Knowledge map    Save Two classification methods for Pu′er raw materials were explored using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and the important physical and chemical compositions were identified through the statistical analysis. The results revealed that both PCA and PLS-DA could directly classify the grades of Pu′er raw materials, particularly for the grade 3, but not for that of grade 6 and 9. The PCA loadings plot and PLS-DA variable important for the projection plot indicated that the contents of amino acids were the important physical and chemical components for classification. Lysine (Lys), proline (Pro) and phenylalanine (Phe) were three most important physical and chemical compositions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Climate Regionalization of Tea Plant in Henan Province ZHAO Hui, MI Hongtao, DU Zixuan, JIN Kaimei Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (3): 330-336.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.03.013 Abstract （535）      PDF（pc） （814KB）（591）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the climate data of 119 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2010 in Henan Province and the biological characteristics of tea plants, the key meteorological factors affecting the growth and yield of tea plants were identified. The correlation coefficients between the meteorological factors and the yield were calculated and the significant correlation factors were selected as the climatic zoning indexes. By using of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to construct the judgment matrix of each index and test the consistency of the judgment matrix, the weight of each index was determined. Using the weighted mean method to calculate the comprehensive regionalization index of tea planting in Henan Province, the climate suitability regionalization with a fine mesh accuracy of 250 m was achieved based on the GIS platform. The area was divided into 3 grades: suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable. The suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable areas accounted for 11.8%, 28.8% and 59.4% of the total evaluation area, which were coincident with the actual tea planting situation in Henan province. The results provided a basis for scientific layout of tea planting in Henan province. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select An Empirical Analysis of the Trade and Influencing Factors of China's Black Tea Export to Countries along the Belt and Road XU Yongmei, SHI Yunfeng Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 602-610.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.012 Abstract （981）      PDF（pc） （328KB）（591）       Knowledge map    Save China is the origin of tea and the first black tea export country in the world. Tea, particularly black tea was one of the most important trade commodities on the Chinese ancient Silk Road. Here, the trade profile of China's black tea export to countries along the belt was first described and the main factors affecting the black tea export was analyzed. The expanded trade gravity model was applied to analyze the influencing factors of China's black tea export to countries along the belt. Empirical analysis shows that the average export price of Chinese black tea, the growth of the distance between China and the importing countries of black tea, and the exchange rate of RMB were significantly but negatively correlated with Chinese black tea export. The population growth of the importing countries and the GDP growth of China and the importing countries had a significant and positive impact on China's black tea export. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Nitrification and pH of Two Tea Garden Soil WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, YOU Zhiming, WU Zhidan, JIANG Fuying, ZHANG Wenjin, WENG Boqi Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (1): 82-90.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.016 Abstract （582）      PDF（pc） （628KB）（590）       Knowledge map    Save Two tea garden soils (yellow soil and red soil) derived from Wuyishan City were incubated at 25℃with a soil moisture content of 60% water holding capacity (WHC) for 46 days. The dynamics of nitrification and pH of soil after urea application at different rates were measured. The results show that urea is hydrolyzed fast (2-6βd) with a high nitrification activity in yellow soil. However, the urea is hydrolyzed relatively slow (16βd) in red soil. The nitrification rate in two tea garden soils are 81.32% and 73.48% respectively, and the nitrification activity in yellow soil is significantly higher than that in red soil (P<0.05). With or without nitrogen application, changing tendency of the contents of NO3-N in two tea garden soils show as ‘J’ type with an obvious delay step for 11-16 days. The nitrification in these tea garden soils follows the exponential model N=N0ekt(P<0.01). Compared with the control treatment, the net amount of nitrified nitrogen, net nitrification rate and k value increase with the urea N application rates, however, the nitrification rates decreased with the urea N application rates. With or without Nitrogen Application, the N2O fluxes from yellow tea garden soil were higher than those from red tea garden soil(P<0.05). Compared with the control treatment, soil pH decreased by 0.16-0.52 and 0.11-0.25 pH units with the urea N application rates. These results indicated that two highly acidic tea garden soils showed high nitrification activity(delay step were 11-16 days), and be conducive to absorb NH4+-N. Urea application could decrease soil pH, and the nitrogen application rate is one of the main factors accelerating acidification of tea garden soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Journal of Tea Science    1998, 18 (01): 53-60.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1998.01.009 Abstract （550）      PDF（pc） （434KB）（587）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1991, 11 (02): 139-144.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1991.02.011 Abstract （340）      PDF（pc） （383KB）（587）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances on DNA Molecular Markers and Gene-engineering in Tea Plants WANG Li-yuan, CHENG Hao, ZHOU Jian Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (1): 12-17.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.01.002 Abstract （709）      PDF（pc） （333KB）（587）       Knowledge map    Save Advances on gene-engineering in tea plants are reviewed from following aspects: DNA molecular markers, isolation and cloning of genes, genetic transform system. The problems and probable development in future are also prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(25) Select Effects of Light Waves on the Aroma Substances of Fresh Tea Leaves in Summer and Autumn During Spreading and the Quality of Final Green Tea LIU Jianjun, ZHANG Jinyu, PENG Ye, LIU Xiaobo, YANG Yun, HUANG Tao, WEN Beibei, LI Meifeng Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 500-514.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220520.001 Abstract （657）      PDF（pc） （1983KB）（586）       Knowledge map    Save The rough aroma is an important factor affecting the quality of summer and autumn green tea. In order to improve the quality of summer and autumn green tea, this experiment took Fuding Dabai tea as the research object, and irradiated fresh leaves in vitro with red light, yellow light, blue light and purple light, and the nature light was used as the control. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect the volatile components of the fresh leaves. Supplemented by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the optimal light wave and key substances that promote the formation of tea's floral and fruity aroma were identified. The results show that different light qualities had significant effects on the types and contents of aroma substances. A total of 36 aroma substances were identified from 5 samples, of which alcohols and terpenes were the most numerous, and the average content of esters was the highest, followed by alcohols. Red light was the best light to promote the accumulation of tea aroma components. 3-Carene, β-Myrcene and phenylethyl alcohol were the key substances for improving the aroma in tea leaves. All light treatments could promote the free amino acids and caffeine in fresh leaves, and reduce the ratio of phenol to ammonia. After light treatment, the fresh and floral flavor of green tea was more obvious, and the taste was fresh. The comprehensive score of the tea samples treated with red light was the best. The research has shown that red light irradiation of fresh tea leaves in summer and autumn could increase the types and contents of tea aroma substances, significantly improve the key substances in the formation of flower and fruit aroma, and increase the freshness of tea soup. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress in the Phytohormone of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) YUE Chuan, ZENG Jian-ming, ZHANG Zhi-fang, WANG Xin-chao, CAO Hong-li Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (5): 382-392.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.05.009 Abstract （613）      PDF（pc） （748KB）（586）       Knowledge map    Save Phytohormone plays a critical role in the plant growth and development. This article reviewed the plant hormone in modulating growth and development of tea plant under normal condition and under stress, the effect of hormones in tea tissue culture, and recent advance in the investigation of hormone was discussed. Consequently, it was regarded that the investigation on the regulation mechanism of phytohormone on the sprouting of tea bud and the resistance of tea plant to stress in the research will become the new hotspot after the tea plant genome being sequenced. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of High Concentrations of Cd Stress on the Physiological Characteristics, Absorbtion and Accumulation in Tea Plant WANG Chun-mei, TANG Qian, ZHANG Xiao-qin, ZHANG Dong-chuan Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (2): 107-114.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.02.010 Abstract （459）      PDF（pc） （671KB）（585）       Knowledge map    Save ：Through the soil pot experiment, investigation on the influence of high concentrations of cadmium stress on the growth, absorbtion and accumulation physical characteristics of tea plant by using Mingshanbaihao cultivar as testing material. The results showed that: Tea plants did not show obvious symptoms under the cadmium concentration of 0~120 mg/kg. The growth of various organs, chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis were significantly inhibited by increasing concentrations of Cd. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT) activity were gradually reduced accordingly. The content of malondialdehyde(MDA), proline(Pro) and relative conductivity(RC) increased substantially. Cadmium in various organs(y) had a significant or highly significant positive correlation with Cd concentration(x1) and available cadmium content in soil(x2). The order of cadmium contents in various organs was Fibrous roots> Roots> Stems> Branches> Leaves> New sterns>. The migration of available cadmium in soil from the underground parts to aboveground parts was the main source of cadmium in tea plants. Cadmium in tea plants mostly fixed by fibrous roots and roots, simultaneously, only a low ratio was transported to aboveground. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Studies on Hyperlipidemia TherapyCompounds in Fuzhuan Tea FU Dong-he, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Jian-an, CAI Wen-li Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (3): 217-223.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.03.006 Abstract （592）      PDF（pc） （700KB）（584）       Knowledge map    Save Six compounds were separated from Fuzhuan Tea by using the combined modern separation technique with High-Throughput Screening(HTS) technique. After using IR,UV, MS, NMR , etc., the compounds were identified as follows: gallic acid(GA), (+)-gallocatechin 〔(+)-GC〕, 3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid(MDBA), 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid(DBA), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate〔(-)-EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin gallate((-)-ECG〕. The six compounds separated from Fuzhuan Tea were tested by cell model FXR, LXR, PPARδ, PPARγ and 3T3-L1. These results showed that the concentration of 50.00µg/mL GA and ECG were active in the FXR model. The active value was 1.77±0.14 and 3.22±0.06 separately. The active value of EGCG in the FXR model reached 6.00±0.45 when the concentration was 50.00µg/mL. To PPARδ, the active value of GC in PPARγ model was 1.62±0.16 when the concentration was 30.00µg/mL. The active value in MDBA to PPARγ was 1.73±0.16. All the compounds were not obviously active in 3T3-L1 model. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11) Select The Development and Tendency on the New Technology Application in Tea Quality Evaluation ZHOU Yi-bin, WANG Jun Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (2): 82-85.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.02.002 Abstract （642）      PDF（pc） （362KB）（584）       Knowledge map    Save Basically, the quality of tea is evaluated by the tea experts through senses. The sensitivity of human’s sense, however, is liable to be changed by external factors, therefore, it is not easy to make an accurate evaluation through human’s sense. The paper presents the new research development in evaluating tea quality such as the shape of tea, the color of tea infusion, the aroma and taste of tea by instruments, especially the application of the machine vision to the shape of tea and the color of tea infusion, the electronic nose to the tea aroma and the electronic tongue to the taste of tea, it put forwards the tendency of the new technology application to tea quality evaluation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(28) Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (02): 156-159.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.02.013 Abstract （311）      PDF（pc） （273KB）（583）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of SRO Gene Family in Camellia sinensis GUO Yongchun, WANG Pengjie, CHEN Di, ZHENG Yucheng, CHEN Xuejin, YE Naixing Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 392-402.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.004 Abstract （854）      PDF（pc） （858KB）（582）       Knowledge map    Save SROs (Similar to rcd one) are plant-specific gene families. In this study, 9 CsSRO gene family members were identified from tea tree genome by bioinformatics method and named as CsRCD1—4 and CsSRO1—5 respectively. All coding proteins of the 9 CsSRO genes have characteristic structural domains PARP and RST, and have similar conserved motifs. The CsSRO genes were divided into 3 groups based on phylogenetic tree analysis, with the group Ι containing CsRCD1—4, the group Ⅱ containing CsSRO1, CsSRO2 and the group Ⅲ containing CsSRO3—5. Gene structure analysis shows that this gene family contained 4 to 9 exons. Analysis of transcriptome data from 8 tea tree tissues shows that CsRCD1/CsRCD3/CsRCD4 might play an important role in different developmental stages of tea plants. Most CsSRO genes were highly expressed in roots and mature leaves. Upstream promoter region analysis found a large number of cis-acting elements closely related to plant development, hormones and stress response. Further expression analysis shows that 9 CsSRO genes were induced by drought and abscission acid treatments, suggesting CsSRO genes may be closely related to drought resistance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Withering Light Intensity on Physical Characteristics and Respiration of Tea Fresh Leaves HUA Jinjie, YUAN Haibo, JIANG Yongwen, CHENG Gensheng, WANG Weiwei, LIU Ping Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (3): 288-296.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.03.012 Abstract （589）      PDF（pc） （770KB）（582）       Knowledge map    Save Setting three different withering light intensities, the water content, bulk destiny, flexibility, elasticity, plasticity and color value, the released amount of CO2 of the withering leaves were evaluated, and the effects of different withering light intensity on physical characteristics of rolled leaves, fermented leaves and fired tea were also analysed. The results showed that with the increasing of withering time, moisture content of tea fresh leaves decreased gradually, bulk destiny and elasticity of leaves increased at first and then decreased during withering, and were the highest at 6 000 lx in moderate range (the moisture content was between 60% and 65%), elasticity decreased at first and then increased, the elasticity of tea leaves were relatively highest when the withering light intensity was 6 000 lx, and the variation of plasticity was opposite, the L value (luminosity) declined generally, the “a” value (red and green degree) decreased at first and then increased, and it had the lowest value at 6 000 lx, namely the green keeping was the best, the results of sensory evaluation also showed that the liquor color and shape of black tea at 6 000 lx had the highest score, with the best quality, the released amount of CO2 decreased at first, then increased and was stable finally, the urning point occurred during withering at 6 h, and the amount was the largest when the withering light intensity was 6 000 lx. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Alleviative Effects of Aged Liupao Tea on Lipid Metabolism and Liver Injury in Hyperlipidemic Mice WU Wenliang, LIU Zhonghua, LIN Yong, HUANG Jian′an, ZUO Gaolong, TENG Cuiqin, LONG Zhirong, QIU Ruijin, CAO Zhonghuan Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (4): 430-438.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.012 Abstract （792）      PDF（pc） （1233KB）（582）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the alleviative effects of aged Liupao tea on lipid metabolism and liver injury in hyperlipidemic mice, the changes of main chemical substances in Liupao tea of different storage ages were analyzed. The hyperlipidemia model mice were established by feeding a high fat and sugar diet, and Liupao tea groups were given daily oral administration of water extract of selected aged Liupao tea. The changes of related physiological and biochemical indexes and tissue morphology in mice were observed. The results showed that Liupao tea samples stored for 15 years were selected as the representative of the aged Liupao tea, which was used in subsequent experiments. Compared with the hyperlipidemia model group, aged Liupao tea especially medium or high dose groups could significantly decrease the contents of TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, increase the content of HDL-C, suppress the activities of ALT and AST in the serum, and moderate liver oxidative stress,. Pathological sections of liver and adipose tissue showed that aged Liupao tea could reduce the formation of lipid droplets in liver cells and inhibit the enlargement of fat cells in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, aged Liupao tea of normal dose could effectively improve lipid metabolism disorder and liver injury in mice induced by high fat and sugar diet. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparative Study on the Components of Pu’er Tea and Fu-Brick Tea with Black Tea by LC-MS ZHU Qi, M.N.Clifford, MAO Qing-li, DENG Fang-ming Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (3): 191-194.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.03.007 Abstract （607）      PDF（pc） （223KB）（582）       Knowledge map    Save Comparative study has been done on the components of Pu’er tea and Fu-brick tea with the identified components of black tea by LC-MS. Result shows that Pu’er tea and Fu-brick tea, which belonged to the Dark tea group, had the similar UV chromatography, it means that they have some similar compounds. However they are different from black tea as they have not typical peaks of theaflavin and thearubigin at the 380βnm. The way to study the black tea might not be suitable for dark tea. Some components can be found by MS, however, they can not be identified in UV picture as their contents are too low. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis on the Cause of Fluctuation of Tea Export Trade between China and the United States——Based on the Modified CMS Model LIU Shiyu, LI Daohe Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (6): 876-888.   Abstract （710）      PDF（pc） （632KB）（581）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the analysis of the current situation of China's tea export trade to the United States, this paper used a modified constant market share model (CMS) to study the causes of fluctuations of China's tea export trade to US from 2000 to 2019. The results indicate that the increase of tea import demand in the US market was the most important driving force for the growth of China's tea export, while the competitiveness effect and second-order effect played a strong reverse role. The results of RCA indicate that the export competitiveness of all kinds of Chinese tea in the US market tended to decline over recent years. In addition, the export structure of Chinese tea did not meet the demand structure of the US market, and the rise of tea production costs also hindered the growth of China's tea export to the US market. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Different Tea Cultivars on Biomass Accumulation and Nutrient Distribution ZHU Yun, YOU Xueqin, YI Xiaoyun, NI Kang, RUAN Jianyun Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 751-757.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.004 Abstract （776）      PDF（pc） （292KB）（580）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the characteristics of biomass accumulation and nutrient distribution of different tea cultivars, the 10-year-old tea gardens of Longjing 43, Yabukita and Kyomidori cultivars were selected, and the biomass and nutrient distribution among aboveground remain, young shoots, pruning and litters were investigated. The results show that Longjing 43 had a larger biomass of aboveground remain and young shoots, followed by Yabukita and Kyomidori. The biomass of the pruning shows an opposite trend, but there was no significant difference among the cultivars. The five main nutrient concentrations in leaves were higher than those in stem. However, their distributions in young shoots, pruning and litters were related to the cultivars. The nutrient accumulation in aboveground remain of Longjing43 was the highest, followed by Yabukita and Kyomidori. While, the total nutrient removed by young shoots, pruning and litters were Kyomidori>Longjing 43>Yabukita. Among them, the nutrient accumulation in young shoots of Longjing43 accounted for 63.7%-85.0% of the total aboveground remain, which was 37.4%-60.2% for Yabukita. Pruning was the chief form of substances and nutrients transformation in Kyomidori, so the nutrient accumulation of pruning accounted for 66.6%-91.2% of the total aboveground remain. This study is beneficial to formulate targeted nutrient management strategies according to cultivars advantages and tea garden production mode. It is also providing a basis for optimizing the fertilization and improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Soil Selenium Content and Its Influencing Factors in Typical Tea Garden of Fujian Province YU Wenquan, WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, SHANG Riyang, YOU Zhiming, ZANG Chunrong, CHEN Changsong Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 173-185.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.004 Abstract （700）      PDF（pc） （350KB）（580）       Knowledge map    Save A total of 60 samples of surface soils (0-20 cm) were collected from main tea producing areas of Fujian province to assess the total and available soil selenium. Their relations with soil physical and chemical properties were also discussed. The results show that content of total selenium in the surface soils ranged from 0.22 mg·kg-1 to 2.20 mg·kg-1 with an average of 0.73 mg·kg-1, and 86.67% of the soils belonged to Se-rich soils. The ranges of available selenium in soil were from 5.21 to 448.86 μg·kg-1, with a mean of 62.98 μg·kg-1. The available rate of selenium ranged from 1.10% to 31.64%, with a mean of 8.76%. The total and available selenium contents in soils from glutenite and tuff were higher, and those in soils from purple sandstone and river alluvium were lower. For different soil types, alpine meadow soil showed the highest total and available selenium content, while moisture sand yand paddy soils were relatively lower. The total and available selenium contents in mature and old tea gardens were the highest, and the young tea garden was the lowest. The total and available selenium contents in the middle-high elevation tea garden were the highest, and the low elevation tea garden was the lowest. Selenium content in tea garden soil was significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents. Whereas the soil pH also significantly affect the selenium content in red soil and young tea garden. And, the soil available phosphate was also a significant effect on selenium content in mature and middle-high elevation tea garden. In general, the Se-enriched soils in the tea gardens provided a source guarantee for the development of Se-enriched tea. However, the effectiveness of soil selenium was not high and should be adjusted in tea garden via different cultivation measures (additional application of organic fertilizers, ameliorant and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers) to increase availability selenium content. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Consumption in Hangzhou Teahouses ZHANG Ying-bin, GONG Shu-ying, SHI Yan, ZHANG Jian-ying, QIAN Fu-qiang Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (1): 88-93.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.01.014 Abstract （524）      PDF（pc） （392KB）（579）       Knowledge map    Save Through the questionnaire and statistical analysis, this test gives us a summary to the consumption status in Hangzhou teahouses, including the preferred type and the attractive factors of teahouses, the structure and purpose of consumption, and the content degree. The result showed that the three types of teahouses occupy certain consumption market respectively. Compared with teahouses without buffet dinner, the teahouses with buffet dinner are much more attractive. The consumers prefer the teahouses with wonderful environment, and green tea is the main kind of tea. The major purpose of consumers is forgathering with friends and relaxing. About 20% of consumers think the prize is unreasonable, while nearly 50% think that is reasonable. In a word, most people are contented with the in Hangzhou teahouses. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Transcriptome Analysis of Root Induced by Aluminum in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) HUANG Danjuan, TAN Rongrong, CHEN Xun, WANG Hongjuan, GONG Ziming, WANG Youping, MAO Yingxin Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 506-520.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.002 Abstract （765）      PDF（pc） （513KB）（578）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to investigate the gene regulation network and expression pattern of the response to aluminum (Al) in tea plants, and to identify the key candidate genes for understanding molecular mechanism of Al tolerance in tea plants. The roots’ antioxidant enzyme activities and Al content of Fuding Dabaicha cultivar were detected under 0βmmol·L-1, 0.2βmmol·L-1, 1βmmol·L-1, 2βmmol·L-1 and 4βmmol·L-1 Al3+ concentrations for 7βd. The total RNA of roots under 0βmmol·L-1 (R0), 1βmmol·L-1 (R1) and 4βmmol·L-1 (R4) Al3+ concentrations were extracted for high-through transcriptome sequencing by Illumina Hiseq Xten platform. The results showed that with the increase of Al concentration, POD activity decreased while APX activity increased gradually. SOD activity reached the highest peak at the Al concentration of 1βmmol·L-1. However, CAT activity showed no significant difference among five treatments. The Al content first increased and then decreased with the increase of Al3+ concentration, and reached the highest peak at the Al3+ concentration of 1βmmol·L-1.The DEGs of R1 VS R0, R4 VS R0, R4 VS R1 were 1β894, 2β439 and 1β384 respectively with 733 (1β161), 846 (1β593) and 628 (756) DEGs significantly up-regulated (down-regulated). GO enrichment analysis shows that the most enrichment biological pathway of three samples were all stimulus responses. In terms of molecular function and cell components, R1 VS R0 and R4 VS R0 were mostly enriched in nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity and cell periphery, while R4 vs R1 were mostly enriched in redox enzyme activity and membrane. KEGG enrichment analysis illustrates that they were significantly enriched in 29, 41, and 19 pathways, respectively, including transcription factors, transporters, plant-pathogen interactions, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. It was found that genes involved in physiological processes such as reactive oxygen metabolism, organic acids or metal transporters, transcription factors and cell wall structure modification were up-regulated or inhibited after Al induction, suggesting that these genes were closely related to the molecular mechanism of Al tolerance in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1995, 15 (01): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1995.01.001 Abstract （462）      PDF（pc） （529KB）（578）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic and Phylogenetic Analysis for Germplasm Resources of Camellia sinensis from Wuzhou City WANG Liubin, HUANG Liyun, TENG Cuiqin, WU Liyun, CHENG Hao, YU Cuiping, WANG Liyuan Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 601-609.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.004 Abstract （549）      PDF（pc） （701KB）（578）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the SSR markers, the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the germplasm resources of tea plants from Liubao town and Nandu town were fully analyzed in this study. The core molecular markers for the efficient identification of these germplasm resources were successfully screened. The main results show that: (1) 98 alleles were amplified from 17 pairs of SSR primers, and each pair of SSR primers amplified 3-8 alleles, with an average of 5.764 7 alleles per locus. (2) Totally 8 core markers were selected from 17 SSR markers to distinguish each germplasm resource. (3) The average number of alleles (4.647 1), genotypes per marker (7.000 0), genetic diversity (0.675 4), and the polymorphic information content (0.628 3) of native tea trees in Liubao town were higher than wild tea trees in Nandu, and close to the cultivated population. (4) Cluster analysis shows that the majority germplasm resources from Liubao town were clustered together except for several tea plants grouped with large-leaf tea cultivars from Yunnan province and a few resources were grouped into the same cluster with tea cultivars from Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces. The wild tea germplasm resources from Nandu town were grouped into the same cluster with two germplasm materials from Liubao town. In conclusion, it was showed that there are rich tea germplasm resources with high genetic diversity in Wuzhou city. This study might lay a solid foundation for the further studies to develop and utilize these tea resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 134-136.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.013 Abstract （407）      PDF（pc） （80KB）（578）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (01): 59-64.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.01.010 Abstract （439）      PDF（pc） （165KB）（576）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Adsorption Properties of Porous Starch on Tea Polyphenols and Antioxidative Capacity of the Complex LUO Huimin, NING Min, XU Yingbo, WANG Chenghui, DU Xianfeng Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (5): 473-480.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.011 Abstract （656）      PDF（pc） （683KB）（576）       Knowledge map    Save Porous cornstarch was prepared by synergism of the α-amylase and gluamaylase and employed as a carrier to absorb tea polyphenol(TP), the factors affecting the adsorption were optimized by using the orthogonal experimental design. Studying on the adsorption thermodynamic characteristic and fitting the isotherms with Langmuir equation and Freundlich equation, it turned out that the adsorption isotherm was well represented by the Langmuir equation (R2>0.99). The different heat of adsorption according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm conformed to the hydrogen bonding key range. Furthermore, the investigation on the antioxidative activity of the complex by measuring the scavenging capabilities on DPPH and ABTS free radicals showed that the complex possessed a good antioxidant activity rised with the concentration of TP, and the auto-oxidation rates of TP turned to a significant slower rate after TP was adsorbed on the porous starch. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select The Effects of Nitrogen Supply on Agronomic Traits and Chemical Components of Tea Plant LI Hailin, WANG Liyuan, CHENG Hao, WEI Kang, RUAN Li, WU Liyun Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 383-391.   Abstract （572）      PDF（pc） （914KB）（576）    PDF（mobile） （914KB）（25）    Knowledge map    Save In this study, the effects of nitrogen supply on the important agronomic traits and chemical components were analyzed in 4 tea varieties using Longjing 43 as control. The results showed that sufficient nitrogen application effectively increased the tea yields by changing some key agronomic traits, such as increasing the chlorophyll content in mature leaves, accelerating the germination and growth of new shoots and increasing the density of germination. Meanwhile, nitrogen application affected the metabolisms of main chemical components (theanine, caffeine and polyphenols) in tea plant, resulting in the improvement of tea quality. The Zhongming 22 and LY002 showed more sensitive responses to high nitrogen application. These results provide important backgrounds for breeding of tea cultivars with higher nitrogen use efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research and System Design of Tea Processing Remote Cloud Monitoring and Traceability JIANG Jiandong, ZHOU Qian, PAN Bosong, ZHAO Zhangfeng, ZHONG Jiang, QIAO Xin, ZHANG Xian Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 742-752.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.013 Abstract （816）      PDF（pc） （709KB）（576）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the remote monitoring demand of tea processing and the lack of tea processing traceability, a remote IoT （Internet of things） monitoring platform for state parameters during tea processing was proposed. It achieved the remote monitoring of both processing line and tea state. A traceability evaluation model of tea processing was established by using B/S framework to show real-time information, combined data of both fresh leaf states and tracing information of processing, and analytic hierarchy process to analyze the effects of production parameters on tea quality. On this basis, the quality evaluation model of tea production offline and online database fusion was constructed to improve the quality of data storage. Finally, the remote monitoring system development and traceability information collection verification test were carried out for the Huangshan Maofeng preliminary processing production line. The results show that the platform is stable, the data display is accurate and complete, and the real-time performance is good, which provides technical support for tea quality optimization and big data analysis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Effect of Tea and Mulberry Mixture Tea Bag on Blood Glucose-decrease in Diabetic Model Mice LIANG Yan, WANG Yue-fei, XIE Zheng-zhen, ZHANG Xing-hai, YANG Xian-qiang Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (5): 358-362.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.010 Abstract （493）      PDF（pc） （228KB）（576）       Knowledge map    Save Effect of tea and mulberry mixture tea bag on blood glucose-decrease in diabetic model mice was studied. Normal model and diabetic model mice were fed with tea bag at three different doses (0.5 g/kg·bw, 1 g/kg·bw and 3 g/kg·bw) for 14 days, and then, mice were gavaged with 2.5 g/kg·bw glucose solution. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance (GT) were determined after 0 h, 0.5 h and 2 h. Results showed that the higher doses groups (1 g/kg·bw and 3 g/kg·bw) showed a significant effect on decreasing the blood glucose in diabetic model mice which caused by alloxan in 0.5 h and 2 h, the blood glucose difference value in 0.5~0 h showed the same changes. And that, normal mice were not affected by tea bag in blood glucose, glucose tolerance and its difference value. As a result, it suggested that tea and mulberry mixture tea bag was beneficial for decreasing blood glucose. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Relations between Tea Yields & Quality and Applied Ratio of NPK Fertilizers in the Initial Production Tea Garden TANG Jin-chi, WU Li-rong, WU Jia-yao, TANG Hao, LI Jian-long, PANG Shi Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (1): 11-16.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.01.002 Abstract （558）      PDF（pc） （175KB）（576）       Knowledge map    Save Through the cement pond cultivation method to conduct the NPK fertilizer ratio test in the initial production tea garden, the results indicated that different proportions of NPK fertilizers showed a great influence on the growth characters and yield of tea plant. The difference between the treatments was significant or very significant; single application or matching application with different levels of NPK fertilizer affected biochemical composition of the shoots significantly. The amino acids significantly increased, with increasing of the amount of applied nitrogen. Application of P and K improved the quality of black tea,but separate application of N fertilizer reduced the quality of black tea. The final conclusion showed a good effect for tea production in the initial production tea garden with application fertilizer pure nitrogen per year 150kg/hm2, phosphorus (P2O5) 150kg/hm2, potassium (K2O) 75kg/hm2, under this fertilizing level, not only the production and quality were increased and improved, the growth potential of young tea plant was also enhanced, thus laying the foundation for mature garden to gain high yields. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison of Chemical Constituents and Antioxidative Activities among Different Grades of Pu-erh Tea LV Hai-peng, LIN Zhi, ZHANG Yue, LIANG Yue-rong Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 386-395.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.012 Abstract （586）      PDF（pc） （860KB）（575）       Knowledge map    Save The antioxidative activity, aroma constituents and the major chemical components of three grades of Pu-erh tea, i. e. high, medium and low grade, were studied and compared. Results showed that the significant difference（P<0.05）was shown in evaluation of the total antioxidative activity, scavenging hydroxyl free radical activity, scavenging DPPH free radical activity, total amount of alcohols compounds, total amount of heterocyclic oxygen compounds, total flavonoids and tea pigments between high and low grades. When compared with high or low grade, the medium grade of Pu-erh tea was found no significant difference（P>0.05）in the others testing index except the total antioxidative activity, scavenging hydroxyl free radical activity, tea polyphenols and total flavonoids. Principal component analysis showed that the important indicator to distinguish the grade of Pu-erh tea seemed to be the scavenging hydroxyl free radical activity, the total antioxidative activity, tea polyphenols, total flavonoids and total amount of alcohols compounds. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select The Mechanism of the Lipid-lowering Effect of Tea by Regulating the SREBP PAN Lianyun, LU Yan, GONG Yushun Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 102-111.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.011 Abstract （515）      PDF（pc） （1101KB）（574）       Knowledge map    Save Tea has a lipid-lowering effect through regulating lipid metabolism in different tissues and inhibiting digestion and absorption of lipid. The lipid metabolism pathway affects the synthesis and decomposition of lipid and fat decreasing through regulating the expression of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins (SREBPs) and its relative factors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Case Study of Cadmium Distribution in Soil-Tea Plant-Tea Soup System in Central Fujian Province and Relative Health Risk Assessment WANG Feng, SHAN Ruiyang, CHEN Yuzhen, LIN Dongliang, ZANG Chunrong, CHEN Changsong, YOU Zhiming, YU Wenquan Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (5): 537-546.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.05.011 Abstract （695）      PDF（pc） （829KB）（574）       Knowledge map    Save Extensive soil and tea tree samples were collected from 8 tea gardens in central Fujian Province to assess the cadmium (Cd) distributions and explore the Cd transportation from tea garden soil, tea leaf to tea soups. Their relations with soil physical and chemical properties were also discussed, and the preliminary health risk assessments of the Cd in tea were conducted using the USEPA health risk assessment model. The results showed that the average total soil Cd content was 112.74βμg·kg-1, which was 2.06 times higher than the background value in Fujian. The average available soil Cd content and available rate were 26.44βμg·kg-1 and 24.86%. The total and available soil Cd contents had significant but negative correlations with soil organic matter and pH value, and the available soil Cd rate was positively and significantly correlated with total and available soil phosphorus. The Cd contents of the main and secondary roots had a positive and significant correlation with the total and available Cd as well as soil organic matter. The Cd content in new leaves had a positive and significant correlation with soil available Cd and total phosphorus. The Cd distribution in tea plant followed the order as: lateral roots (1β253.89βμg·kg-1) > main roots (382.20βμg·kg-1) > main stem (167.25βμg·kg-1) ≈secondary stem (154.65βμg·kg-1) >older leaves (30.60βμg·kg-1) ≈ new leaves (27.13βμg·kg-1). The enrichment coefficients in roots were significantly higher than other tissues, suggesting the preferential accumulation of Cd in tea roots. The average Cd content in tea soup was 192.28βng·L-1, which was far below the sanitary standard for drinking water (GB 5749—2006). The dissolution ratio of Cd was 15.29%. Health risk assessment results of the tea soup and dry tea indicated that Cd of personal total annual risk of approximately 6.33×10-7 and 4.42×10-6, which were one or two order of magnitude lower than the threshold recommended by ICRP (1.0×10-5). Thus, these tea would be safe to drink. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Safety of Pu-erh Tea Contaminated by Exogenous Aspergillus flavus LI Yali, XING Qianqian, TU Qing, ZHOU Hongjie Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (5): 513-522.   Abstract （622）      PDF（pc） （1179KB）（574）       Knowledge map    Save Yunnan Pu-erh tea was used as experimental material. Aspergillus flavus strains YM31882 were inoculated into Pu-erh tea, and the Pu-erh tea un-inoculated by strains was taken as the control. The storage conditions were (1) temperature 30℃, humidity 90%. (2) temperature 30℃, humidity 90% and (3) room temperature. The tea samples were storage for 7, 14, 21and 28 days respectively and then collected for yellow aspergillus toxin detection by LC-MS / MS. The results showed that none of the aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 was detected in tested samples. indicating that storage process could avoid Aspergillus flavus contamination in Pu-erh tea, In summary, Pu-erh tea is safe to drink in this field. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Chemical Communication Between Tea Plant-Herbivore-Natural Enemies CHEN Zong-mao, XU Ning, HAN Bao-yu, ZHAO Dong-xiang Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (s1): 38-45.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.s1.008 Abstract （699）      PDF（pc） （435KB）（574）       Knowledge map    Save The relation of chemical communication between the host-herbivore-natural enemies is the basis of existence of the member in the food chain. The chemical communication between tea plant and the three major insect pests (tea geometrid, tea aphid, tea leafhopper) as well as the seven natural enemies was investigated by the authors. Results indicated that the location of insect pest on the tea plant depended on the volatiles emitted from the tea shoots, such as the z-3-hexen-1-ol, linanool, n-pentanol etc. Bioassay and EAG estimation showed that these compounds showed strong attractiveness and electrophysiological response to tea pests, however, they showed only a weak activities to the natural enemies. The metabolism in tea plants was changed and released the specific synomone after damaged by the pests. For example, the damage of tea geometrid induced more C5-C6 aldehyde compounds liberated and tea aphid damage induced the liberation of benzyaldehyde. The damage of tea shoots by tea leafhopper induced the release of 2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octadien-2,6-diol and indole. These compounds showed a strong attractiveness and electro-physiological response to their respective natural enemies under a very low concentration of 10-6-10-9βg/ml, however, they showed only a weak or no activities to leafhopper. The enzymes in the oral regurgitate secreted by the tea pests was the elicitor inducing the release of specific volatile synomone from tea shoots. These synomones possessed the systemic activity of translocation in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(35) Select Study on Cryopreservation of Suspension Culture Cells by Vitrification in Camellia Sinensis LIU Ya-jun, GAO Li-ping, XIA Tao, GAO Ke-jun Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (2): 120-126.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.006 Abstract （595）      PDF（pc） （235KB）（573）       Knowledge map    Save To preserve eminent cell lines with stable metabolism, the cryopreservation of suspension culture cells by vitrification in Camellia sinensis has been preliminarily investigated in this article. It showed that the preculture for four days was best, loading with 60% PVS2 in freezing bath for 20 minutes was optimal. Treating with 100% PVS2 dehydration in freezing bath for 60 minutes was suggested. The cryopreservation of suspension culture cells warmed in 40℃water bath had the highest survival rate. The cells’ survival rate was as high as 76% when these parameters were adopted through the whole trial. The procedure of cryopreservation of suspension culture cells by vitrification in Camellia sinensis was preliminarily established. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparative Study on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides in Different Tea Cultivars CHEN Xue, ZUO Xinxin, XU An'an, XU Ping, WANG Yuefei Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 806-818.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.011 Abstract （578）      PDF（pc） （1441KB）（573）       Knowledge map    Save In the present work, 10 representative tea cultivars (Huangjingui, Tieguanyin, Qimenzhong, Liubaocha, Dahongpao, Zhuyeqi, Longjing 43, Baiyeyihao, Zhonghuangyihao and Fudingdabai) in the same tea garden were selected and their fresh leaves were dried directly by microwave. Tea polysaccharides (TPS) from the 10 cultivars were prepared by water extraction. Their physical and chemical characteristics were compared and analyzed by chemical analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), gel chromatography, scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size measurement and Zeta potential analysis. And their antioxidant abilities including DPPH radical scavenging ability, ABTS radical scavenging ability and ferric ion reducing ability were determined as well. It was found that TPS was a kind of water-soluble acid glycoprotein, which mainly consisted of uronic acid, neutral sugar, protein and polyphenols. Meanwhile, the monosaccharide components of the 10 TPSs were mainly composed of galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the basic composition of TPS in Baiyeyihao and Longjing 43 were significantly different from other tea cultivars. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of TPS in Baiyeyihao was the strongest among the obtained TPS. Correlation analysis indicates that the antioxidant capacity of TPS might be related to the contents of polyphenols and proteins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Preparation and Stability of Sodium Zinc Chlorophyllin From Tea Fresh Leaves LAI Hai-tao, HUANG Wan-qin Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 59-63.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.010 Abstract （443）      PDF（pc） （333KB）（572）       Knowledge map    Save Sodium zinc chlorophyllin was extracted from tea leaves,and its optimal technological condition and stability were studied. The results showed that the optimal zinc reaction condition was: the weight ratio of tea powder to ZnSO4·7H2O is : 5:7.1, the reaction temperature is 60℃,the reaction time is 2βh,the yield of the pigment is 2.1%. In addition, sodium zinc chlorophyllin has stable character on wate- solubilization, heating, oxidizing, reducing, raying(pH:2.8~12.78),and it would not be influenced by some common food additives and metal-salts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Twenty Years Period in the Investigation on the Anticarcinogenic Activity of Tea CHEN Zong-mao Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (3): 173-190.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.3.001 Abstract （578）      PDF（pc） （462KB）（571）       Knowledge map    Save The progress in the investigation on anticarcinogenic activity of tea polyphenols in the world was analyzed and reviewed in this paper. The inhibitory activity of tea extracts on the human cancer cell was firstly reported by Fujiki H in 1987 in Japan. Since then, around 5000 papers on the anticarcinogenic activity of tea were published in the world. According to the published results of investigation, four stages were divided by the author. From the period of the end of 1980’s to the middle of 1990’s, the major investigation was focused on the in vitro and in vivo investigation and clinical investigation. From the period of the middle of 1990’s to the beginning of 21 Century, the major investigation was focused on the epidemiological investigation and the anticarcinogenic mechanism. Since the beginning of 21st Century, investigation was continuing on the anticarcinogenic mechanism on the first hand, and the metabolism and fate of catechins in the animal and human body were investigated. Since 2004, the investigation on the modification of chemical structure of tea catechins was conducted for the purpose of improving the bioavailability, stability and bioactivity of tea catechins in human body. This paper is mainly reviewed from the published literature after 2003 from the following five parts: results on the epidemiological investigations, anticarcinogenic mechanism, the active components of anticarcinogenic activity in tea, results on the metabolism and fate of tea catechins in animal and human body, modification of chemical structure of tea catechins and its bioavailability and bioactivity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11) Select Research Progress on Resistance Breeding of Tea Plant WANG Xin-chao，YANG Ya-jun Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (2): 94-98.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.02.002 Abstract （666）      PDF（pc） （385KB）（571）       Knowledge map    Save This paper summarized the progress of cold hardness resistance、drought resistance、resistance to disease and pest on tea breeding in china and abroad，and put forward some further research focal points on these aspects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(62) Select Analysis of Diversity and Temporal Patterns of the Insect Communities in Tea Gardens LIU Yanan, LIU Mengyuan, HUANG Liyun, KANG Zhiwei, XU Yongyu, CHEN Zhenzhen Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (1): 109-119.   Abstract （642）      PDF（pc） （511KB）（571）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the diversity, dominant species and temporal pattern of insect community in tea gardens, the community characteristics of main pests and natural enemies in typical tea gardens in Shandong Province were studied. The classification and statistics of pests and natural enemies were recorded by visual method, yellow plate method, net scanning method and indoor observation method. A total of 27 species of pests (including mites) and 15 species of natural enemies (including spiders) were found. The main dominant pests in tea gardens were Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Matsumurasca onukii, Toxoptera aurantii, Apolygus lucorμm and Scirtothrips dorsalis. The main dominant natural enemies were Eretmocerus sp., Aphid flies, ladybirds, green lacewings and spiders. Before overwintering, the species abundance and evenness were high in tea gardens, and the community diversity also maintained a high level. During overwintering, the ecological dominance increased rapidly and the community diversity decreased, indicating that the main factor affecting the community dynamics in tea gardens was temperature. The temporal patterns of the main insect pest and natural enemy communities were divided into four stages by using the optimal sorting method. In the first period, from 9th June to 17th July, the dominant pests were A. spiniferus and T. aurantia. In the second period, from 25th July to 12nd September, the dominant pests were A. spiniferus and M. onukii. In the third period, from 20th September to 17th October, the dominant pests were S. dorsalis, A. spiniferus and M. onukii. In the fourth period, from 27th October to 23rd December, the dominant pests were M. onukii and A. lucorμm. The results laid a foundation for guiding the precise prevention and control in tea gardens. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Volatile Components from Cymbopogon citratus and the Activity Research on Their Main Elements Against Three Fungal Pathogens of Tea YANG Wen, LIU Huifang, CHEN Yao, SU Sheng, LI Tianxing, LIU Yaoguo, ZHOU Yufeng Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 269-278.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.013 Abstract （866）      PDF（pc） （421KB）（570）       Knowledge map    Save The volatile components from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf were extracted by solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Fifty one volatile components from stems and leaves were identified. Citral [Contains two compounds (E)-citral and (Z)-citral] and geraniol were found to be the major components. Their relative contents in stems were 81.39% (58.48% and 22.91%) and 4.79%, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents in leaves were 78.50% (51.63% and 26.87%) and 3.68%, respectively. The activities of citral and geraniol to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotiopsis theae and Phoma adianticola were determined using mycelium growth rate method. The preliminarily test results show that the inhibition rate of the two compounds against P. theae were lower than 56% under the tested concentration of 500 mg·L-1 for 96 h. By contrast, they exerted high activities against C. gloeosporioides and P.adianticola with a inhibition rate of 100%. Further evaluated results show that the EC50 of citral to C. gloeosporioides and P.adianticola were (230.56±3.49) mg·L-1 and (124.79±10.29) mg·L-1, respectively. The EC50 of geraniol to the two fungi were (238.38±5.51) mg·L-1 and (115.38±10.96) mg·L-1, respectively. The present study preliminarily revealed the volatile components of C. citratus and the main active fractions against two pathogenic Fungi on tea. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the potential disease prevention of the interplanting of C. citratus and tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Air Conditions Preset for Withering on Flavor Quality and Chemical Profiles of White Teas ZHANG Yinggen, XIANG Lihui, CHEN Lin, LIN Qingxia, SONG Zhenshuo, WANG Lili Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 525-536.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.011 Abstract （587）      PDF（pc） （851KB）（570）       Knowledge map    Save To realize the quality control of white tea based on withering environment, indoor temperature and relative humidity were preset at (30±2)℃ with RH (35±5)% or (20±2)℃ with RH (55±5)% to investigate the effects of four different air conditions on the sensory quality and chemical profiles of 6 tea cultivars (Camellia sinensis), including Fuan-dabaicha, Huangdan, Huangguanyin, etc. According to whether the indoor temperature and relative humidity were mutually switched at the point when the weight loss rate of tea shoots reached 45% during the whole withering procedure, the levels of each withering treatment were named as Low-Low, Low-High, High-Low and High-High, respectively. The results show that the flavor quality of white tea was mainly determined by the physical and chemical characteristics of raw materials (tea cultivars). White teas obtained under Low-Low treatment had a slightly light taste and a little grassy flavor, while the white teas from the same tea cultivars had the similar quality characteristics in appearance and soup color when they were treated with High-High and Low-High, just as High-Low and Low-Low during withering. The ultraviolet and near-infrared spectra of all white tea samples had similar fluctuations, and the near-infrared spectra could provide more abundant chemical information for their pattern recognition. The contents of gallic acid, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, caffeine and theobromine in white tea samples were different among tea cultivars, but withering treatment had no significant effect on the contents of detected biochemical components (catechins and purine alkaloids). Moreover, principal component analysis based on ultraviolet spectra, especially near-infrared spectra or biochemical compositions of white tea samples could better discriminate white tea samples into the same groups according to their raw materials (tea cultivars). The effects of different air conditions on the profiles of spectra or biochemical compositions were exclusively drowned by the characteristics of raw materials. However, the influence of withering treatment on the profiles of near-infrared spectra and biochemical compositions of white tea samples manufactured from different raw materials could be effectively revealed by multilevel principal component analysis, and the classification and identification results of all white tea samples were almost consistent with the characteristics of sensory quality. These facts could provide a reference for the technological regulation of white tea flavor quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Innovation and Application of Control System for Pesticide Residues and Contaminants in Tea CHEN Zongmao, LUO Fengjian, ZHOU Li, LOU Zhengyun, ZHENG Zuntao, ZHANG Xinzhong, ZHAO Ying, SUN Hezhi, YANG Mei, WANG Xinru Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.01.001 Abstract （1013）      PDF（pc） （6022KB）（569）       Knowledge map    Save In the past 30 years, to solve three problems involved in quality and safety of tea, namely how to set the scientific maximum residue limits (MRLs) in tea, how to control the pesticide and contaminant residue, and how to improve detection method, the principal of “effective risk assessment” by using tea infusion was innovated. Based on that, the principal of global MRLs on tea was reconstructed. The key point in the control of pesticide residues and important contaminants was revealed, and the selection principal and application technology of pesticides were established. The in-situ and high-throughput analytical methods for pesticides and contaminants in tea were developed. The control system based on “MRLs fixation, residue control and recognition detection” was constructed and popularized. These work would promote the scientific and technological progress of the sustainable development of tea industry in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Raw Tea’s Fermentation Degree and Biochemical Substrates on Tea Cream Stability of Tea Drink ZHANG Yan-zhong, ZHANG Ling-yun Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 533-543.   Abstract （360）      PDF（pc） （332KB）（568）       Knowledge map    Save Different raw tea materials made by 3 tea plant cultivars (BaiyeDancong, Jinxuan and Jiukeng) with different fermentation degrees were adopted to process tea beverages in the research. The quality stability of the tea drinks were studied by analyzing the physical and chemical components and the evaluation of organoleptic quality. Effects of raw tea’s fermentation degree and biochemical substrates on tea cream stability of tea drink were also carried out. The results showed that: Because of different biochemical substrates, the effect of tea beverages processed by different tea varieties is obviously different for Transparency, Jinxuan was better than Jiukeng, and Baiyedancong was worst. There is no clear boundary between tea beverage and the floc settling. Tea cream increased significantly and it become darker in color as the severity of fermentation. Delamination of brown cream and white cream can be found in Jinxuan tea beverage. Of the same species, with the increasing degree of fermentation, content of tea cream first increased and then decreased. Contents of tea cream in raw tea made by production process of black tea which is fully fermented is relatively small amount, indicated that black tea was more suitable for the production of tea drinks. TP concentration in tea cream averaged 36.47%, which indicated that tea polyphenol is one of the main control factors in cream formation. With the extent of tea fermentation, TP concentration in tea cream increased and then decreased; also the same trend with the content of EGC. Therefore, EGC may be the main factor determining the cream formation volume. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 51-56.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.011 Abstract （477）      PDF（pc） （42KB）（568）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of LED Yellow Light on the Expression Levels of Aroma Related Genes and the Enzyme Activity in Withering Process of Congou Black Tea XIANG Lihui, LIN Fuming, SUN Weijiang, WU Yang, CHEN Mingzhao, ZHANG Qinfang, ZHOU Lele, WENG Rui Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (6): 559-566.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.06.007 Abstract （602）      PDF（pc） （1018KB）（567）       Knowledge map    Save Zhenghedabaicha (Camellia sinensis) samples were divided into two groups of LED yellow light withering and no light withering as the control group both with Congou black tea processing. The withering leaves were collected to detect the expression level of β-glucosidase (CsBP), activities of β-glucosidase, aroma components of Congou black tea and the sensory evaluation were conducted to discuss the effects of LED yellow light on the quality of tea. Results showed that during LED yellow light withering,the expression levels of β- glucosidaseⅠ, Ⅱgenes were significantly improved, the expression level of β-glucosidaseⅡ gene was the highest at the 6th hour, which significantly higher than the control group. CsBP was up-regulated expressed in withering process. The rise of genetic expression is started from the Early LED withering stage, and the activity of enzyme increased in the later period of withering, which positively promoted the development of sweet and floral aroma of Congou black tea and finally the quality was improved and better than the control. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Pure Theanine YAN Shou He, Jean-Pierre DUFOUR, Marc MEURENS Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (2): 99-104.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.02.003 Abstract （763）      PDF（pc） （337KB）（567）       Knowledge map    Save An improved synthesis method of L-Theanine, γ - glutamylethylamide was reported as the dehydratation of L-glutamic acid to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), then PCA reaction with absolute ethylamine (99%, gas-liquid) with the yield of 92.6%. After re-crystallization in 84% ethanol solution the highest pure theanine (A type) is obtained with a yield of 37.4%. The crystals appear as tetra-rectangular prisms with a silk luster under transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). The melting point of A theanine is 224°C. The B theanine synthesized from L-PCA shapes as cabbage leaves with curved borders under SEM and with a m. p. of 217 - 218°C as reference data. By using HPLC, it is confirmed that A and B theanine are mix-isomers. The A theanine consists of 47.9% L-theanine and the B theanine consists of 90.9% L-theanine. The rotation (α) of 100% L- theanine was + 8.57°. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on The Key Technique of Tea Juice Concentrating And Its Processing Equipments QUAN Qi-ai, YANG Zhong-ming, YING Jun-feng, SUN Cheng, LI Hu, JIN Shou-zhen, LIU Xin, DING Zhi, WANG Ji-chun Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (s1): 63-67.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.s1.012 Abstract （508）      PDF（pc） （349KB）（566）       Knowledge map    Save Research results on parameters of tea juice concentrating showed that, after tea was extracted, the bulk filtration and fine filtration were carried out, then the macro molecule substances were separated and removed by using ultra-filtrating membrane method, then cycling concentrated by reverse-osmosis membrane, the high quality concentrated tea juice was obtained. The pore diameter of the ultra-filtration membrane is 8×104—10×104 molecule weight for green tea and Oolong tea, and larger than 10×104 for black tea. The working pressure of ultra-filtration membrane is 0.2~0.3βMPa, suitable temperature for tea juice is lower than 40℃. The working pressure of reverse-osmosis membrane is 1.5~3.0βMPa, suitable temperature for tea juice is lower than 50℃. The tea juice productivity of the producing line designed on the base of above technique is 100βkg/h, with concentration of tea juice 20% (Brix) and better quality compared with that of traditional product. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select The Functional Identification of Two Alternative Splicing Transcripts of CsNES ZHOU Hanchen, LEI Pandeng Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (6): 753-760.   Abstract （496）      PDF（pc） （843KB）（566）       Knowledge map    Save CsNES is a key enzyme for the formation of (E)-nerolidol in tea plants. According to the analysis of full-length transcriptome and genome data, it is shown that CsNES has two shorter alternative splicing transcripts besides the full-length transcript. The rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) result indicates that the CsNES undergoes 5' alternative splicing in the second and third exons, respectively, which were named as CsNES-2 and CsNES-3. The recombinant proteins of CsNES-2 and CsNES-3 possess strong activities to catalyze the FPP into (E)-nerolidol and weak activities to hydrolyze FPP into (Z)-nerolidol. The gene expression analysis shows that CsNES-2 and CsNES-3 had higher expression levels in tea flower compared to those in tea leaves. Their expressions in young leaves were higher than those in mature leaves. Furthermore, the expression levels of CsNES-2 and CsNES-3 were induced by the MeJA treatment. This study identified two alternative splicing transcripts of the CsNES gene and gave insights into the regulation of gene alternative splicing in terpenoids metabolism in Camellia sinensis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Effects of the Fixation Methods on the Chemical Components and Taste Quality of Summer Green Tea QI Dandan, DAI Weidong, TAN Junfeng, PENG Qunhua, ZHANG Yue, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 18-26.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.003 Abstract （797）      PDF（pc） （1074KB）（565）       Knowledge map    Save As a key processing craft, fixation plays a key role in the formation of green tea quality. To study the effects of fixation methods on the summer green teas, a method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with equivalent-quantification of the tea taste, in which caffeine, epigallocatechin gallate and sodium glutamate were used as bitter, astringent, and umami reference, respectively, was applied to investigate the difference of the chemical components and taste quality in summer green teas made by microwave fixation, rotary continuous fixation and steam fixation, respectively. Results of LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the contents of catechins, flavonol/flavone glycosides, procyanidins, theasinesins, amino acids, phenolic acids, and organic acids were significantly influenced by the fixation methods. Equivalent-quantification of the tea taste (umami, bitterness and astringency) also showed that fixation methods could change the taste quality of the summer green teas: the bitterness was higher in the green teas produced by rotary continuous fixation than by steam fixation then by microwave fixation; the astringency was higher in the green tea produced by steam fixation than by rotary continuous fixation then by microwave fixation; the umami scores did not exhibited statistical differences among these three groups of tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Comparison of Leaf Functional and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Different Tea Cultivars WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, WANG Xiuping, YOU Zhiming, CHEN Changsong Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (3): 285-292.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.03.008 Abstract （851）      PDF（pc） （784KB）（565）       Knowledge map    Save The leaf functional and photosynthetic characteristics were studied in 18 tea cultivars to explore their potential relationships. The leaf functional characteristics contained leaf area, leaf index (LI), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), Chla, Chlb, Chl a/b, Chl and Car. The photosynthetic indexes included net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE). The results showed that the LI, LDMC and Gs had low coefficients of variation (CV<10%) Whereas the CV of the rest 11 indices ranged from 15.08% to 42.69%, indicating a high level of diversity. The SLA was significantly and negatively correlated with LDMC, but LI and LA had no significant correlations with other leaf functional indicators. The LDMC was significant correlated with photosynthetic pigments. The Chla, Chlb, Chla/Chlb, Chl and Car were significantly and positively correlated with each other. The Pn, Gs and Tr had significant correlationship with each other. The Gs was significantly and positively correlated with Ci. The photosynthetic rate was mainly affected by stomatal limitation. The Pn and Tr had significant or highly significant correlationship with photosynthetic pigments, and the Pn had significant and positive correlation with LDMC. The results showed that higher photosynthetic pigments in tea cultivars had stronger photosynthetic production and dry matte accumulation. However, the Gs and WUE were not significantly correlated with leaf functional indices. The new tea cultivar-14 had relatively low SLA, but high LDMC, Pn and WUE. Therefore, it might be a tea cultivar with high drought resistance and photosynthetic efficiency, which could be used as a new material for tea breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select An Empirical Study on the Impact Factors of Adoption of Green Prevention and Control Technology by Tea-growers HU Linying, DU Pei, CHEN Fuqiao, JIANG Aiqin, JIANG Renhua, LU Chengyin Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (3): 308-314.   Abstract （446）      PDF（pc） （856KB）（564）       Knowledge map    Save Survey data were collected from 2β210 tea-growers from sixteen major tea producing provinces and then the Logit model was established to analyze the imfact factors of Green Prevention and Control Technology (GPCT) adoption by tea-growers. The results showed that GPCT adoption by tea-growers was affected by personality variables, family characteristics, operating characteristics of tea plantation, organizational and technical service characteristics. The most effective factor was organizational and technical service characteristics. Concretely, the farmer’s age, household size, cultivated area had significantly negative effects on technology adoption. The knowledge of the pesticide residues’ limitation standard (PRLS), household income, the connection with cooperation, pest control training frequency and communication with others had positive effects on technology adoption. The technology adoption rate of tea-growers who knew the PRLS was about 2 times higher than the rest. An increase of household income by ten thousand yuan could increase the technology adoption rate by 2%. Cooperative members’ technology adoption rate was 1.73 times higher than non-members. Every training of farmers could promote technology adoption rate by 1.50 times. However, the farmers’ educational status, non-agricultural income didn’t significantly affect their choices. Therefore, the related government department should improve farmers’ organization, increase training times and cut down the cost of technology adoption to promote GPCT adoption to achieve green agriculture. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Weeds Control Effect and Residues of Several Herbicides in Tea Gardens GAO Wanjun, ZHANG Yongzhi, TONG Mengmeng, MA Huiqin, QIAN Shanshan, WANG Tianyu, LI Yeyun, WU Huiping, HOU Ruyan Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 587-594.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.010 Abstract （1187）      PDF（pc） （373KB）（563）       Knowledge map    Save The weeds control effect of several herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate and combination of glyphosate-acetochlor and glyphosate-auxiliaries) and the herbicides residues in the soil of treated plots in the tea gardens were compared. The results show that the glufosinate had a faster control effect on the weeds. The coverage of weeds decreased to 9.15% on the 7th treatment day. The control efficiency of glufosinate to the Geranium carolinianum L., Sonchus asper (L.) Hill., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq．reached more than 95% on the 14th day. Glufosinate showed a faster degradation (the dissipation ratio was 94% on the 30th day) in the soil than the glyphosate (the residue concentration was 0.01βmg·kg-1 on the 58th treatment day). Therefore, glufosinate might be an alternative herbicide for weed control in tea gardens. Acetochlor, as a closed herbicide, had the potential of inhibiting the emergence of gramineous weeds and faster dissipation rate in the soil (the dissipation ratio was 97% on the 21th day), and therefore, it was recommended to control gramineous or the other weeds. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Studies on the Competitive Capacity and Tactics of Chinese Tea on the Overseas Market with SWOT Method JIANG Han-chun, WANG Xiao-gu, ZHAO Hong-ying, JIANG Su-han Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (3): 159-165.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.03.003 Abstract （709）      PDF（pc） （46KB）（563）       Knowledge map    Save Tea export plays a key role in Chinese tea economy. Tea has always the significance industrial value in both domestic and international markets. The export advantages and the weaknesses of Chinese tea, the opportunities and threats we are facing were analyzed by comparative principle on economy and SWOT method in this paper. The status and competitive capacity of Chinese tea in international tea markets was enunciated .The green tea and the special kinds of tea possessed competitive advantages must be developed in our country, the green marketing will be practiced, the criteria of domestic tea business will be in accordance with that of overseas ,moreover, the marketing of tea export must be unified. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(14) Select A Comparative Study on Bioactivities of Tea Polyphenols and Chlorogenic Acid ZHANG Xing-hai, WANG Yue-fei Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (1): 39-44.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.01.006 Abstract （648）      PDF（pc） （544KB）（563）       Knowledge map    Save Objectiveto study the differences of bioactivities of tea polyphenols (TPs) and chlorogenic acid (CHA), methods of POV assay、spectrophotometric determination and MIC were used to compare the antioxidation、scaventing free radicals and antibacterial action of TPs & CHA. Resultsin the six weeks showed that TPs (100βµg/g、200βµg/g) could restrain the POV of lard below 10βmeq/kg, antioxidation rises with concentrations of TPs, as resemble the effect of CHA (81%). On the free radicals, CHA showed selective scaventing ability, IC50(DPPH、·OH) of CHA (81%) is 65βmg/L and 135βmg/L, and CHA (20%) is 327βmg/L and 1β432βmg/L, but TPs is 52βmg/L and 1908βmg/L; In the antibacterial action, TPs and CHA can obviously inhibit both staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli., The MIC of CHA (81%) is twice as that of CHA (20%) on staphylococcus aureus, 500βμg/g and 1β000βμg/g respectively, that of TPs is 250βμg/g, on escherichia coli.. Conclusion:TPs (95%) exceeds CHA (81%) and CHA (20%) in the antioxidation、scaventing DPPH and antibacterial activity on staphylococcus aureus, but the reverse was in the scaventing ·OH. It was regarded that TPs may play a more important role than CHA in the food and drug. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(30) Select Elite Germplasm Evaluation and Genetic Stability of Tea Plants YANG Ya-jun, YU Fu-lian, CHEN Ling, ZENG Jian-ming, YANG Su-juan, LI Su-fang, SHU Ai-ming, ZHANG Zhi-fang, WANG Yu-shu, WANG Hai-si, WANG Ping-sheng, XU Mei, SONG Wei-xi, GUO Ji-chun, YANG Ru-xing, ZHANG Wen-jin, CHEN Zhi-hui Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (s1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.s1.001 Abstract （430）      PDF（pc） （330KB）（560）       Knowledge map    Save The agronomy, made tea quality, chemical components, cold resistance of 200 accessions of tea germplasms were investigated during 1996-2000. Among six accessions of elite tea germplasms, their made tea quality exceeded national clones, four with high polyphenol content (>38%), six with high caffeine content (>5.2%) and two with low caffeine content (<1%) germplasms were selected. Based on the studies of RAPD marker, isozyme and pollen morphology, the heredity of tea germplasms and their cutting offsprings was basically stable. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(60) Select Phylogenetic Analysis of Interspecies in Section Thea Through SSR Markers WANG Li-yuan, LIU Ben-ying, JIANG Yan-hua, DUAN Yun-shang, CHENG Hao, ZHOU Jian, TANG Yi-chun Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (5): 341-346.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.5.003 Abstract （528）      PDF（pc） （225KB）（559）       Knowledge map    Save For the purpose of investigating the transferability and polymorphism information content (PIC) of different types of SSR primers, PCR amplification for 41 accessions from section thea was conducted in this investigation. The results showed that the SSR primers form Ser. Sinensis were highly transferable among section Thea. The polymorphic and transferable primers account for 60% of EST-SSR markers. Then the genetic diversity among 12 species of section Thea was evaluated through SSR analysis. The number of alleles in different loci ranged from 2 to 6, with average 4.21 per locus. The phyolgenetic dendrogram was constructed by the UPGMA. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Detection and Analysis of Moisture Content in Fresh Tea Leaves Based on Hyperspectral Technology DAI Chunxia, LIU Fang, GE Xiaofeng Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 281-286.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.008 Abstract （756）      PDF（pc） （681KB）（559）       Knowledge map    Save Moisture content in fresh tea leaves is an important index influencing tea quality during processing. In order to rapidly detect moisture content in tea during processing, a nondestructive method was introduced in this paper. Firstly, hyperspectral image data were captured from the fresh tea leaves. Secondly, four kinds of algorithms were used to preprocess the original data. Thirdly, the characteristic wavelength was extracted using stepwise regression analysis. Finally, a quantitative analysis model of the characteristic wavelength and moisture content in the fresh tea leaves was developed by the multiple linear regression and partial least squares regression. Experimental results showed that the best predicted effect of the partial least squares regression was obtained by the pretreatment of orthogonal signal correction after convolution smoothing and stepwise regression analysis. The correlation coefficients of the model calibration set, cross-validation set and prediction set were 0.8977, 0.8342 and 0.7749, respectively. The minimum root mean square errors were 0.0091, 0.0311 and 0.0371, respectively. Thus, hyperspectral technology could effectively detect the moisture content in fresh tea leaves, which would be useful in detecting quality changes in tea processing industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A New Insect Pest Crenidorsum turpiniae (Takahashi, 1932) in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) and Its Biology MENG Zehong, WANG Jirui, ZHOU Xiaogui, LI Shuai, YANG Wen, WANG Hao, ZHOU Yufeng Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 638-644.   Abstract （459）      PDF（pc） （2125KB）（558）       Knowledge map    Save A whitefly species infesting tea plants, which took place frequently in Meitan County of Guizhou Province was firstly identified and initially observed. The specimens of puparia were observed by microscope and scanning electric microscope and they were identified as Crenidorsum turpiniae (Takahashi, 1932). It was firstly reported in tea plant. The morphological features and infestation characteristics were also described and illustrated. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Tea Yield, Quality, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit MA Lifeng, SU Kongwu, LI Jinlan, SHI Yuanzhi, YI Xiaoyun, FANG Li, RUAN Jianyun Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (4): 354-362.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.04.007 Abstract （690）      PDF（pc） （709KB）（557）       Knowledge map    Save The study was carried out to investigate the effects of different N fertilization input on soil inorganic N, tea yield, quality components, N use efficiency, uptake of N, P, and other mineral nutrients and financial economic benefit. Results indicated that soil inorganic N concentration varied less and relatively more stable in controlled-release N fertilizer (CRF) or CRF blending with conventional N fertilizer (CF) than CF, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) among three N treatments. In comparison with CF, tea yields in CRF and CRF blending with CF were increased by 7.5% and 15.2%, respectively. The tea quality components, including free amino acid, tea polyphenol and the TP/AA ratio showed no statistical difference (P>0.05) among three N treatments. CRF or CRF blending with CF promoted tea plants to uptake N, P and other mineral nutrients, and improved N use efficiency in young shoots. Comparing CF and CRF, the NUE increment rates in CRF blending with CF were 5.38% and 2.39%, respectively. The PNE in CRF blending with CF was 1.16 kg·kg-1 higher than CF, and 0.57 kg·kg-1 higher than CRF. Compared to CF, the total net income increment in CRF and CRF blending with CF were 9.3 thousand yuan RMB and 20.1 thousand yuan RMB per hectare, respectively. It was concluded that CRF blending with CF has significant promoting effect on tea yields and economic benefit. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Research Progress of Green Tea and EGCG for the Prevention and Mitigation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Caused by Cigarette Smoke HUANG Xiangxiang, YANG Zhe, YU Lijun Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 332-338.   Abstract （414）      PDF（pc） （832KB）（556）    PDF（mobile） （832KB）（11）    Knowledge map    Save Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common diseases induced by cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress, inflammation response, proteases and anti-proteases imbalance are intimately associated with the occurrence and exacerbation of COPD. Green tea consumption and EGCG oral administration can scavenge reactive oxygen species and free radicals in the human body, and inhibit a series of respiratory diseases caused by reactive oxygen species and free radicals. In this article, the research advance of the effects of green tea and EGCG on COPD for the past 10 years was reviewed in the purpose of exploring the mechanism and improving public knowledge of the preventing effects of green tea and EGCG on COPD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (S1): 113-118.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.s1.008 Abstract （357）      PDF（pc） （85KB）（556）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Selenium in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) and Expression Analysis of Genes Related to Selenium Regulation CAO Dan, MA Linlong, LIU Yanli, GONG Ziming, JIN Xiaofang Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 77-84.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20191202.002 Abstract （683）      PDF（pc） （815KB）（555）       Knowledge map    Save The concentration dependence and time course of selenium (Se) absorption and accumulation in tea plant were investigated under sand culture and the expressions of related genes were also analyzed. The results show that the absorption amounts of Se in different tissues of tea plant were remarkably different. Most of them were fixed by the roots, and low movement from roots to shoots was observed. Moreover, the accumulation of Se was significantly correlated with exogenous Se concentration and culture duration. Furthermore, tea plant grew well in the Se concentration from 0 to 0.05 mmol·L-1, but when the concentration was higher than 0.10 mmol·L-1, tea plant showed poisoning symptoms. Fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis indicates that allene oxide cyclase (CsAOC), lipoxygenase (CsLOX6) (key genes of jasmonic acid signaling pathway), as well as a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (CsbHLH62) could be obviously induced by high concentration of Se. The correlation analysis showes that the expressions of these genes were positively related with the Se content in roots. These results suggest that Se accumulation in different tissues of tea plant was significantly correlated with exogenous Se concentration and culture duration, and CsbHLH62, CsAOC, CsLOX6 might play important roles in this process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Pile-up Processing Duration on Flavor Quality of White Tea WU Shaoling, WANG Zhihui, SHANG Hu, ZHU Chensong, YE Tingting, SUN Weijiang Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 78-90.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.006 Abstract （613）      PDF（pc） （1056KB）（555）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different pile up durations on the flavor quality of white tea were investigated based on sensory evaluation and biochemical analysis, in which the white tea with different pile-up processing durations were used as the experimental materials. The results of biochemical analysis show that with the increase of the pile-up processing duration, the flavor of the bitterness and astringency first weakened and then strengthened, the sweetness first increased and then decreased, and mellow gradually increased. In addition, and the sweet and floral increased. The contents of tea polyphenols, flavonoids, soluble sugar, catechins, free amino acids were the main reasons for the taste difference. The contents of cis-linalool oxide (furanoid), trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), α-terpineol, decanal, β-cyclocitral, geranylacetone, β-ionone and octanal were the key factors affecting the difference of aroma. Under different pile-up processing durations, piling-up for 12 d had the best flavor quality, which was conducive to increasing the contents of free amino acids, soluble sugar and catechins, while decreasing the bitter taste index, and increasing the contents of trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), decanal, β-cyclocitral, geranylacetone, β-ionone, promoted floral and sweet fragrance of white tea. Our study provided reference for the optimization of white tea pile-up process and the improvement of flavor quality of white tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Anti-obesity Effects of Hubei Qingzhuan Tea on Rats CHEN Yu-qiong, ZHANG Wei, CHENG Qian, DONG Fa-jin, LIU Xiao-hua, GAN Duo-ping, QIAN Yu-ping Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (5): 363-369.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.011 Abstract （684）      PDF（pc） （1319KB）（555）       Knowledge map    Save The anti-obesity effects of Hubei Qingzhuan tea on rats were investigated. The results showed, compared with the obese control group, New Qingzhuan tea of this year(NQT) and the Qingzhuan tea which had been stored for 10 years(QTS) reduced the body weights of rats, Lee’s index and the ratio of body fat and mass significantly. Both teas possessed obvious effects on lowering the serum and liver level of TC, TG, MDA, increasing HDL-C levels and the activities of SOD, GSH-PX. The observation on the fat tissue showed that both teas could reduce the accumulation and volume of fat cells. As a results, New Qingzhuan tea had the effects of anti-obesity and antioxidation. The effects of anti-obesity increased with the dose adding of NQT, and the anti-obesity effects of QTS were better than that of the NQT. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(18) Select Acidification Characteristics and Nutrient Contents in Soils of Tea Garden and Adjacent Woodland in Subtropical Region LIN Cheng, CHEN Zicong, WU Yiqun, YAN Mingjuan Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 186-193.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.005 Abstract （831）      PDF（pc） （300KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, 38 tea garden and adjacent woodland were chosen in An’xi county to investigate soil pH and nutrient changes. The results show that, soil pH was decreased by 0.031 units per year from 4.81 in woodland to 4.17 in tea garden. Contrast to woodland, the ratio of tea-grown soils with pH 4.0-4.5 and pH<4.0 were increased by 27% and 36.8%, which significantly increased the contents of total exchangeable acid, exchangeable H+ and exchangeable aluminum Al3+. After the conversion of forest land to tea garden, the contents of soil total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 0.29 g·kg-1, 33.39 mg·kg-1, 59.06 mg·kg-1 and 29.75 mg·kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, the C/N ratio was significantly decreased by 5.67. With the increase of tea planting years in tea garden, the contents of total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus were increased significantly. The change of soil pH was significantly and negatively correlated with those of soil hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The average contents of hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium would be increased by 63.92 mg·kg-1, 52.45 mg·kg-1 and 55.84 mg·kg-1 when soil pH was decreased by 1 unit. When the environmental threshold is reached, there is a risk of phosphorus pollution to the environment. The survey results show that the tea garden in Anxi County needs to increase the input of organic fertilizer and carry out targeted formula fertilization to slow down the acidification trend of soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Effect of Red Light Withering on the Volatile Components of Tea Leaves and the Quality of Black Tea Product LIN Jiazheng, TU Zheng, CHEN Lin, YE Yang, LIU Fei, WANG Yuwan, YANG Yunfei, WU Xun, LYU Haowei Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 393-405.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.03.006 Abstract （1108）      PDF（pc） （1658KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Save Red light withering contributes to the formation of tea aroma. However, the effect of different red light quality on the volatile components of withered tea and the quality of the black tea product after processing remains to be studied. In this study, headspace solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect and analyze the volatile components of withered leaves under different light treatments such as dark, red light (630 nm, 1 000 lx, 3 000 lx), natural light (260-325 lx), and the dynamic changes of the volatile components of withered leaves and red light withered differential volatile substances under different light treatments were studied. The results show that a total of 130 volatile components were detected in withered leaves at different time periods, including 26 alcohols, 33 esters, 29 hydrocarbons, 12 aldehydes, 13 ketones, and 17 others. Comparing different light withering methods, it was found that the total content of volatile components in the red light 3 000 lx group pre-mid withering period (The first 8 h) were significantly higher than that in other groups. With the increase of red light intensity, the total content of esters increased significantly (P<0.05), while the total content of ketones decreased significantly (P<0.05). Through orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, the variable projection importance factor was greater than 1 and the coefficient of variation was greater than 50%, 5 volatile components were screened out with the greater response to red light, including 1,2-dimethylpropyl-2-methyl-butanoic acid ester, 1-isocyano-3-methyl-benzene, decanal, 2-methyl-2-decanol, linoleic acid ethyl ester. Among them, the coefficient of variation of decanal was as high as 133.34% under red light 1 000 lx. The results of this study could provide a scientific basis for the improvement of black tea aroma quality and targeted regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (02): 231-234.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.02.014 Abstract （448）      PDF（pc） （61KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Simultaneous Determination of 79 Pesticides Residues in Fresh Tea Leaves by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry PAN Yingjie, MENG Xianghe, QIAN Yuanfeng, NING Jianmei, WANG Yueyuan, LIU Qiming, TANG Shiqin, XU Xiaoan, YE Qin Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 250-262.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.004 Abstract （406）      PDF（pc） （393KB）（553）       Knowledge map    Save A method for simultaneous determination of 79 pesticides residues in fresh tea leaves by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was establish in this study. The fresh tea leaves were ground by high-speed wall breaking and then extracted by acetonitrile solution with NaCl. The liquid supernatant was centrifuged and purified by solid phase extraction of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, C18, PSA and GCB. The scheduled multiple reaction monitoring mode (sMRM) was used for scanning and determination, and quantitative by external standard method. The results show that the 79 target compounds exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 0.001~0.400 mg·L-1 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.990 6 to 0.999 9. The average recoveries at 5 spiked levels (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 mg·kg-1) ranged from 70.7% to 119.0%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.1% to 19.8%, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the 79 pesticides ranging from 0.01 mg·kg-1 to 0.05 mg·kg-1. The proposed method is high sensitivity, good accuracy and quick, which is suitable for determination of 79 pesticides residues in fresh tea leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Hypoglycemic Mechanism of Tea Polysaccharides and Tea Polyphenols DING Ren-feng, HE Pu-ming, JIE Guo-liang Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (3): 219-224.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.03.011 Abstract （693）      PDF（pc） （399KB）（553）       Knowledge map    Save The investigation on the hypoglycemic mechanism of tea polysaccharides and tea polyphenol in diabetic SD rats induced by alloxan was conducted. Methods: After feeding tea polysaccharides or polyphenols for 3 weeks, the changes of the level of blood glucose, insulin and the activities of amylase, sucrase and maltase in small intestine were inspected in diabetic rats. Results about that the suppressive effect of high level of blood glucose induced by alloxan was observed in the groups feeded with tea polysaccharides or tea polyphenols obviously in the experimental period. Compared with control group, the level of blood insulin in the group feeded with tea polysaccharides was increased significantly (P<0.05), the activity of sucrase and maltase were decreased significantly. Almost the same change without significance was observed in the group feeded with tea polyphenols while compared with the control group. Investigation indicated that the tea polysaccharides and tea polyphenols have remarkable suppressive hyperglycemic effect on diabetic rats induced by alloxan. These results suggested that functionary mechanisms of the suppressive hyperglycemic effect of tea polysaccharides may be induced by controlling the activities of sucrase and maltase. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(55) Select Current Status and Prospect of Membrane Separation Technology Applied in Tea Industry SUN Yan-juan, ZHU Yue-jin, ZHANG Shi-kang, LI Da-wei Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 516-520.   Abstract （445）      PDF（pc） （277KB）（552）       Knowledge map    Save Membrane separation technology has been considered as one of the most promising scientific technologies in the 21th century. The application of membrane technology in food processing tends to be mature. The modern deep processing of tea, especially in the production of instant tea and tea drinking relies on membrane technology heavily. This review introduced the membrane separation technology and its application in food processing, focusing on MF, RF, NF, RO and their application in tea processing. The current status and drawbacks were analyzed and the development trend was also pointed out. The comprehensive performance of membrane in application needs to be enhanced. It is necessary to develop membrane technology combined with other technologies in order to overcome the shortages. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Effects of Wet-Scenting Process and RJF on the Aroma Constituent of Jasmine Scented Tea YE Nai-xing, YANG Guang, ZHENG Nai-hui, YANG Jiang-fan, WANG Zhen-kang, LIANG Xiao-xia Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 65-71.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.011 Abstract （631）      PDF（pc） （424KB）（552）       Knowledge map    Save The aroma constituent of high-quality jasmine-scented tea was analyzed using SPME/GC-MS method. It was found that cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, benzyl acetate and methyl anthranilate were the major fragment components in jasmine scented tea. The contents of cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, methyl anthranilate, cadinene, indole, benzyl alcohol, nerolidol, geranyl acetate were significantly increased in the jasmine scented tea made by wet-scenting process. The content of aromatic components in jasmine scented tea was increased when the rate of jasmine flower to tea (RJF) was ranged from 69% to 115%. When RJF is above 96%, the content of major aromatic components in the jasmine scented tea did not increase significantly. It suggested that the absorbance of tea to the fragment of jasmine flower would be attained a balance in the RJF. It suggested that the suitable RJF is 90% to 100% for producing high-quality jasmine tea made by wet-scenting process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(23) Select Establishment of Predictive Model for Quantitative Analysis of Tea Polyphenols and Caffeine of Souchong by Near Infrared Spectroscopy LU Li, CHENG Xi, ZHANG Bo, SHEN Xiaoxia, LIU Yan, XIONG Li, YUAN Xiao, LI Yuanhua, LI Xinghui Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (5): 689-695.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.014 Abstract （689）      PDF（pc） （585KB）（552）       Knowledge map    Save A total of 76 representative Souchong samples were studied. Quantitative models of tea polyphenols and caffeine of Souchong were established respectively by partial least squares (PLS). The chemical values of tea polyphenols and caffeine of 76 Souchong samples were measured by Chinese National Standard methods, combined with the near infrared spectrum. The results show that the R2 and RMSEC values of tea polyphenols of calibration set were 97.59% and 0.566%. And the R2 and RMSEP values of validation set were 95.06% and 0.855%. The R2 and RMSEC values of caffeine of calibration set were 96.98% and 0.110%. And the R2 and RMSEP values of validation set were 95.67% and 0.148%. The quantitative models had good prediction results, and could be used for rapid evaluation of the contents of tea polyphenols and caffeine in Souchong. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Organoleptic Quality Analysis of Fuzhuan Brick Teas in Different Storage Years LI Shi, SHEN Yin, FU Donghe, LIU Zhonghua, HUANG Jian′an Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (5): 500-504.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.05.008 Abstract （691）      PDF（pc） （927KB）（552）       Knowledge map    Save ：In order to study the aging mechanism of Fuzhuan brick tea, organoleptic evaluation was carried out on 31 samples of the same grade but produced in different years by Yiyang Tea Factory in Hunan Province. The appearance, liquor quality, chromatic aberration were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the old Fuzhuan brick teas were more likely changed to dark brown, gray brown or brown tinged with red. Relatively, the color of Fuzhuan brick teas with short term storage tendered to be green brown or yellow cinnamon. As the extension of storage time, the changes of color of soup were from orange-yellow, orange, red-orange. orange-red to red. The soup of new tea was brighter than the old tea that had been kept for many years. The rough astringency taste was deceased gradually with aging. Fuzhuan brick teas which were produced by coarse raw materials were changed more slowly. This research investigated the quality characteristics and difference between the samples of different storage time. This study also provided some suggestions for Fuzhuan tea’s evaluation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Recent Progress in the Research on Fluoride in Tea: Accumulation Characteristics by Plants and Concentrations in Products with Regarding to the Impact on Human Health RUAN Jian-yun, YANG Ya-jun, MA Li-feng Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (1): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.01.001 Abstract （586）      PDF（pc） （322KB）（551）       Knowledge map    Save This paper reviews recent progress in the studies on i.) Fluoride content in the soils, ii) F concentrations in different tea cultivars, ii) the impact of pH, aluminium and calcium on F absorption by tea plants, iii) F concentrations in marketed made teas as well as iv) the release of F in infusion and risk assessment of F intake by humans from tea drinking. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Drying Methods on the Aromatic Character of Pu-erh Tea ZHANG Ling-zhi, CHEN Wei-xin, WANG Deng-liang, ZHOU Li-min, CHEN Yu-fen Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (1): 71-75.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.01.011 Abstract （569）      PDF（pc） （374KB）（551）       Knowledge map    Save With the aim to study the effect of drying methods on the aroma Characteristics of Pu-erh tea, the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the determination of volatiles in Pu-erh tea dried by baking, air-drying and sun-drying respectively. Results showed: Thirty-five compounds representing 95.4% of aroma contents of air-dried sample were identified with lower contents of terpenes and alcohols but higher contents of esters. Some biphenyls compounds which contributed to the stale odor of Pu-erh tea were distinct compounds of the air-dried sample. As for the sun-dried sample, Twenty-eight compounds representing 96.5% of aroma contents were identified with higher contents of ketones and lower contents of esters. In the baked sample, Twenty-four compounds representing 98.6% of aroma contents were identified with more alcohols compounds such as epoxylinalol, α-terpineol, 2-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex- 2-enone contributed to the camerlsed and sweet flower odor of tea. The results were consistent with that of sensory tests. Sensory tests showed: The characteristic aroma of sun-dried tea, baked tea and air-dried tea were pungent, high-fired and stale odour, respectively. Results showed both baking methods and sun-drying methods were not suitable for Pu-erh tea, but the air-drying methods were the best method of the formation of Pu-erh tea aroma. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(44) Select Influence of AM on the Growth of Tea Plant and Tea Quality under Salt Stress LIU Jie, XIAO Bin, WANG Li-xia, LI Jiao, PU Guo-tao, GAO Ting, LIU Wen Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (2): 140-146.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.02.012 Abstract （617）      PDF（pc） （628KB）（550）       Knowledge map    Save By adopting mesocosm experiment, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze var. Wuniuzao tea plant was used as test material. This paper studied the effects of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of tea plant, the absorption of mineral nutrition, the water content in leaf tissue and the quality of tea under salt stress. AMF-inoculation could effectively promote growth and nutrient uptake of tea plant, deccrese the water saturation deficit and improve the growth quality of tea plant and the quality of tea, compared with ordinary cultivation. Under salt stress, the growth of treated tea plant was inhibited, and N, P, K, Mg, Fe and Zn contents in the treated tea plant, K+/Na+ ratio and fruit yield were all decreased, while inoculation with AMF could mitigate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on tea plant growth, made the N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn contents in the tea plants were increased by 7.7%, 31.2%, 20.2%, 23.8%, 9.4% and 9.5%, respectively, comared with the control tea plant, and made K+/Na+ ratio of the plant increased obviously. It was suggested that AMF could promote the plant growth and nutrient uptake of tea plant under salt stress, increase the plant salt-tolerance, and improve the tea yield and nutrient quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Effect of Pu-erh Tea on Liver Pathology of High-fat Rats HOU Yan, XIAO Rong, SHAO Wan-fang, TIAN Yang Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 573-578.   Abstract （340）      PDF（pc） （414KB）（549）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effect of Pu-erh tea on liver pathology of high-fat rats, SD rats were divided into eight groups, namly control group, hyperlipidemia model group, and six dose groups including the low, medium and high doses groups of fermented Pu-erh tea and unfermented Pu-erh tea (0.5 g/kg, 1.5 g/kg, 3.0 g/kg). After administered by gavage for 30 d, the rats were sacrificed and the liver pathology was observed. Simultaneously, the level of TC, TG and HDL-C in blood were determined. The result showed that after given the Pu-erh tea, hepatic steatosis caused by high-fat diet in rats had been improved correspondingly in a dose-dependent manner and the blood-fat of rats with hyperlipidemia was reduced remarkably. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select The Effect of Initial Microwave Drying on Black Tea Quality CUI Lidan, ZHANG Xianglin, XIANG Xi, LI Lanlan, QU Qingyun, XU Yangyang, WANG Jiguo, LIU Feng, GONG Zhihua, XIAO Wenjun Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 406-418.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.03.007 Abstract （807）      PDF（pc） （546KB）（549）       Knowledge map    Save Flushes of two leaves and a bud of tea cultivar ‘Bixiangzao’ were picked during late summer and early autumn as raw material. During the black tea processing, initial microwave drying was adopted instead of conventional initial air drying. Seventeen processing groups were set up with independent variables of microwave density, time duration and piled leaf depth. Sensory quality, taste compounds and aroma compounds of the black tea were investigated and considered as quality criteria. The results show that compared with conventional initial air drying, the black tea processed with microwave power density of 600 W, 3 min, and piled leaf depth of 2 cm had the best sensory quality. Meanwhile, it showed a significant increase in the contents of theaflavins, thearubigins, catechins, ester catechins, EGCG, amino acids, caffeine and soluble sugar (P<0.05), while presented a significant decrease in the contents of tea polyphenols and theabrowmines (P<0.05). The number of aroma compounds increased from 43 to 50. The relative contents of floral and fruit scent compounds such as linalool and phenylethanol increased significantly (P<0.05). Furthermore, several novel sweet and flower scent compounds including (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-formaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-formaldehyde, and eugenol were identified. In conclusion, the initial microwave drying benefits the quality of black tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Design of Automatic Production Line on Flat-shape Green Tea TAN Jun-feng, LIN Zhi, LI Yun-fei, CHENG Yu-ming, XIE Gang-wen, SU He-sheng, PENG Qun-hua, GUO Li, LV Hai-peng Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (4): 283-288.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.04.002 Abstract （605）      PDF（pc） （639KB）（548）       Knowledge map    Save According to the characteristics of fresh tea leaves and processing technology of flat-shape tea, take the domestic machine as the main body, combined with the newly developed continuous tea-carding, continuous shaping equipment, a set of practical automatic production line was build according to the modular design idea. The control system for the manufacture of flat-shape green tea was developed by the Advantech Web Access software based on Windows XP system. Through the CC-link can-bus, an accurate control and simple operation of tea processing parameters was realized. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Journal of Tea Science    1998, 18 (01): 61-64.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1998.01.010 Abstract （487）      PDF（pc） （197KB）（548）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Protective Effects of Fu Brick Tea Extracts on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium in Mice HU Ankai, YAO Liyun, ZHAO Yueling, LIU Chang, WANG Yuefei, XU Ping Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 641-651.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.003 Abstract （562）      PDF（pc） （1036KB）（547）       Knowledge map    Save Fu brick tea is a special dark tea in China. In the present work, three extracts, including Fu brick tea water extract (FWE), Fu brick tea ethanol soluble fraction (FES) and Fu brick tea ethanol precipitation fraction(FEP), were prepared and used to further explore their protective effects on inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Researches show that all the Fu brick tea extracts could alleviate the intestinal structure damage of IBD mice. Moreover, the extracts increased the activities of SOD, CAT and the levels of GSH and reduced the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α in serum and colon tissue supernatant of mice. Furthermore, the protein level of NF-κB p65 in the colon tissues in the FWE group was decreased compared to the model group. The protein level of IκBα was increased in the FWE group and FES group. Levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were also increased in the FWE and FES groups. In conclusion, Fu brick tea extracts had a protective effect on IBD mice induced by DSS. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Regulation Roles of Plant Hormones on the Growth and Development of Tea Shoots in Spring LI Congcong, WANG Haoqian, YE Yufan, CHEN Yao, REN Hengze, LI Yuteng, HAO Xinyuan, WANG Xinchao, CAO Hongli, YUE Chuan Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 335-348.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.002 Abstract （370）      PDF（pc） （1612KB）（547）       Knowledge map    Save Hormones play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. In order to clarify the effects of different hormones on the growth and development of tea shoots in spring, and to identify the main pathways and key genes involved, tea cultivar ‘Longjing 43’ was used as the experimental materials, and treated with 100 μmol·L-1 ABA, 100 μmol·L-1 GA3 and 100 μmol·L-1 IAA respectively in the sprouting period. The phenotypic characteristics of buds were determined, and the buds at the 7th day after treatments were investigated using RNA-Seq technique. The results show that exogenous ABA treatment inhibited the germination and growth of shoots, and the length of shoots was significantly shorter than the control after 7 days after treatment. On the other hand, GA3 and IAA treatments had a promoting effect, and the bud length was significantly extended on the 7th day after GA3 treatment and on the 14th day after IAA treatment. RNA-Seq analysis indicates differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in amino acid biosynthesis pathway under ABA treatment, oxidative phosphorylation pathway and photosynthesis pathway under GA3 treatment, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway under IAA treatment. GAI, PSBO2, PSBQ-2 and PSBP-1 related to plant hormone and photosynthesis pathways might be the key genes involved in shoot growth and development. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results of some candidate genes were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. The above studies identified the main pathways and key genes involved in the hormone regulation on tea shoot growth and development, which provided a theoretical basis for deeply revealing the regulation mechanism of tea shoot growth and development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Visual MINTEQ Modeling Research on Trace Elements in Tea Infusion YANG Xin-zhou, ZHOU Xue-jin, YANG Shu-ke, YE Yan-qing, LI Xue-sen, HU Qiu-fen Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (5): 453-457.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.05.004 Abstract （640）      PDF（pc） （606KB）（547）       Knowledge map    Save The Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method was used in the determination of four trace amounts of tea infusion. The Ion Chromatography method was used in the determination of amounts of F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, PO43- and SO42- in tea infusion. Moreover, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in the tea infusion were simulated by the software Visual MINTEQ. The results revealed that Fe(OH)2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ were dominant species in the tea infusion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Review on Antioxidative Mechanism of Theaflavins CHEN Hu, HU Yin, ZHOU Rui, ZHAO Jian Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 237-241.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.001 Abstract （573）      PDF（pc） （247KB）（546）       Knowledge map    Save The content of theaflavins is an important index of black tea’s quality, are the major substance in black tea, which show significant antioxidative effect. The antioxidative mechanism of theaflavins was revieved in this paper Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Analysis of Glycosidic Aroma Precursors in Fresh Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Zhuye) by the Combination of Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry ZHANG Zheng-Zhu, WAN Xiao-Chun, TAO Guang-Jun Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 275-281.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.007 Abstract （484）      PDF（pc） （297KB）（546）       Knowledge map    Save Glycosidic tea aroma precursors were efficiently separated by chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2 column. Incubation of the glycoside rich alcohol extracts with crude enzymes (tea leaf acetone powder) has been shown to yield aglycons which can be quantitatively analyzed by GC. Significant amounts of cis-3-hexenol, linalool oxide I (cis, furanoid), linalool oxide II (trans, furanoid), linalool, methyl salicylate, geraniol, benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethanol were yielded. These eight kinds of glycosides were revealed to be the major bound form aroma components in fresh tea leaves of cv Zhuye. The seasonal variations of the amount of glycosidically bound volatiles were investigated by analysis of three stages of the tea leaves, and the same aglycone moieties were observed in juvenile and aged tea leaves. Additionally, glycosidic aroma precursors in leaves of cv Zhuye were shown quite similar to that in leaves of cv Maoxie, cv Shuixian and cv Yabukita that disaccharides (C5-C6) appearing to predominate by a LC-MS investigation Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Simulation Study on the Screening of the Reciprocating Roller Screen with Two Degrees of Freedom for Tea WANG Chengjun, ZHANG Tianyu, ZHENG Yan, CHEN Jinyan, HU Song Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (6): 613-620.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.06.008 Abstract （674）      PDF（pc） （1132KB）（546）       Knowledge map    Save Taking Yongxi Huoqing tea as research object, the EDEM based on the discrete element method was used for simulation study the influence of the kinematic and structure parameters of reciprocating roller screen with two degrees of freedom on screening efficiency for tea leaves. The effects of roller inclination, reciprocating angle and reciprocating frequency on screening was analyzed when the roller was on reciprocating rotational movement. It was found that the ideal parameters of the roller were: 4-6° (inclination), 2-2.5 Hz (reciprocating frequency) and 60-75° (reciprocating angle). Furthermore, an X-direction excitation was added to the roller screen to study the effects of excitation frequency, amplitude and reciprocating angle on the screening process by orthogonal test. The simulation results showed that the ideal parameters of the roller screen were: 8 Hz (excitation frequency), 8 mm (amplitude) and 70° (reciprocating angle) under screening mode with two degrees of Freedom. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Mechanism of Frost-like Powder and Its Effects on Lu′anguapian Tea Quality JIANG Yurong, LIU Sitong, GAO Jing, LI Daxiang, XIA Tao, DAI Qianying Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (5): 487-495.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.05.006 Abstract （896）      PDF（pc） （1210KB）（545）       Knowledge map    Save The precondition of frost-like powder formation of Lu′anguapian tea and the correlation between frost-like powder and tea quality were explored by image technologies, paired preference test and traditional sensory evaluation. To identify the chemical properties of the white frost-like powder, filter paper was used to replace the tea leaves to collect white frost-like powder from the surface of the leaves during the process. The results showed that friction was the key factor for the formation of the frost-like powder. The technologies called “Lalaohuo” could not only improve the appearance of tea but also affect its flavor and taste. Based on LC-MS and GC-MS analysis, the main chemicals of white frost-like powder were very complicated, which included caffeine, catechins, flavonoid glycosides and volatiles such as terpenes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Camellia Ptilophylla and Specific Chemical Components, Theirs Health Beneficial Effects WU Wenliang, TONG Tong, HU Yao, ZHOU Hao, YIN Xia, ZHANG Shuguang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 593-607.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210917.002 Abstract （1152）      PDF（pc） （1145KB）（545）       Knowledge map    Save Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang) is a specific tea resource in China, and theobromine (TB) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG), as the dominant chemical components of cocoa tea, have various health effects. This paper summarized intervention effects and mechanisms of cocoa tea, TB and GCG on cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, dental diseases, respiratory diseases and kidney diseases, etc. This review would provide a theoretical reference for the development of functional cocoa tea products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Amino Acids Composition and Mineral Elements of Tea Hairs SONG Yakang, ZHANG Qunfeng, ZHANG Jie, GAO Yaoyao, HU Jianhui Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 339-346.   Abstract （428）      PDF（pc） （1000KB）（543）    PDF（mobile） （1000KB）（16）    Knowledge map    Save The amount and density of tea hairs on made tea is an important indication to assess tea quality. To determine the chemical compositions of tea hairs, four tea samples rich in tea hairs, namely, Biluochun, Yunnan black tea, Baihao Yinzhen and Baimudan were used. Tea hairs was compared to the non-pubescent leaves. The contents of C, N and C/N, the composition and contents of amino acids, primary mineral elements were analyzed by elemental analyzer, automatic amino acid analyzer and ICP-OES respectively. The C and N contents in tea hairs ranged from 2.96% to 4.74% and 42.87% to 45.58%, respectively. The N contents in tea hairs were significantly lower than those in the non-pubescent leaf (P<0.01), while C/N showed an opposite trend and C contents showed no significant difference. Hydrolytic amino acids and free amino acid contents in tea hairs ranged from 10.78 % to 12.46% and 20.78βmg·g-1 to 34.65βmg·g-1, respectively. The major constituents and the total amount of hydrolytic amino acids and free amino acids in tea hairs were all significantly lower than those in tea body (P<0.05), with an exception of the ratio of theanine to total free amino acids (P<0.05). While the differences of the free amino acid constituents (theanine, asparagine, glycine, and γ-GABA) were not significant. The mineral elements in hairs were generally slightly lower than those in tea. Among them, the P and S contents showed the largest differences (P<0.01). In summary, the contents of amino acids and mineral elements in tea hairs are not higher than those in tea body, but the composition differences in quality constituents might contribute to the special quality characteristics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening and Application of Food Attractants for the Control of Aeolesthes induta Adults BIAN Lei, LYU Runqiang, SHAO Shengrong, CAI Xiaoming, CHEN Zongmao Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 94-101.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.010 Abstract （458）      PDF（pc） （756KB）（542）       Knowledge map    Save The health and yield of tea trees will be seriously damaged by the longicorn beetle, Aeolesthes induta. In recently years, the effective control of A. induta in organic tea gardens had already been a serious problem. In this study, a suitable food attractant has been screened from sugar-acetic acid-ethanol, sugar and honey. The results showed that 20 times dilution of honey could attract longicorn beetles effectively, and the mean captures reached 60.3±15 per week during the outbreaks of A. induta. The number of trapped females was double that of males. Moreover, the application of this food attractant was studied. Pesticide addition was unnecessary for the food attractant combined with the water basin traps. The suitable hanging height of traps was parallel to or 30βcm above the tea canopy. Compared with the captures in the sunny days, the number of the trapped A. induta per day would drop more than 86 per cents in the rainy day. The screed honey food attractant had significant effects, low costs, and convenient usages, and should be an important technique for controlling and monitoring A. induta in tea gardens. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Properties and Fungi Community Structure in Acidified Tea Gardens WANG Yixiang, HUANG Jiaqing, YE Jing, LI Yanchun, LIN Yi, LIU Cenwei Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 419-429.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.03.008 Abstract （717）      PDF（pc） （1611KB）（542）       Knowledge map    Save The impact of long-term biochar application on soil improvement and fungal community structure in acidified tea gardens is still unclear. Five years after biochar application, the changes of soil properties and fungi community structure in tea gardens with different biochar applications (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 t·hm-2) were studied. The results show that after applying biochar for 5 years, the pH value of soil increased by 0.16 to 1.11 units, the soluble organic carbon content increased by 52.6% to 92.3%, and the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soils with 10 t·hm-2 biochar application were the highest. The changes of soil properties further affected the fungi community structure. The Chao index, ACE index and Shannon index of the fungi community firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of biochar amount. The effect of biochar application on the secondary fungi (LDA value<3.50) was higher than that on dominant fungi (LDA value>3.50). In addition, the relative abundance of Mortierella, Trichoderma and Chaetomium increased after the application of biochar, but the relative abundance of Melanconiella decreased. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Change of the Main Biochemical Components, Representative Aromatic Compounds as well as Their Correlation of Green Tea Beverages during Storage DOU Hong-liang, LI Chun-mei, HAO Ju-fang, HU Wan-feng Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (3): 181-188.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.03.001 Abstract （537）      PDF（pc） （319KB）（542）       Knowledge map    Save The change of the main biochemical and aroma components of green tea beverage as well as their correction were studied. Results showed that the main biochemical components of green tea beverage changed significantly during storage. The relative concentration of total polyphenols decreased 26.6% after 12 months storage. After storing for 6 and 12 months, about 57.2% and 91.9% of EGCG was lost respectively. During storage, H2O2 was produced in the beverage, and the concentration of H2O2 changed regularly. After storage for one month, about 68% of amino acid was lost. However, it was increased after 4th month of storage. The relative contents of the representative aromatic compounds including Linalool, Linalol oxide, Geraniol, β-Lonone, Hexanal, Benzaldehyde and Nerol in the beverage increased dramatically with the storage process. By using the sas software, the correlation analysis showed that change of the main biochemical components and the change of aroma were positively correlated. The oxidation of catechin and the change of H2O2 lead to the increase in concentration of Linalool, Linalol oxide, Geraniol, β-Lonone, Benzaldehyde and Nerol. The change of amino acid and H2O2 lead to the increase of Hexanal, besides, the oxidation of catechins was confirmed as a dominant factor which lead to the change of aroma in tea beverage during storage by multiple gradually regression analysis method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(10) Select The Effect of Organic Management on Soil pH in Tea Gardens SHEN Xingrong, WANG Qiuhong, HU Qiang, WANG Donghui, FU Shangwen, HAN Wenyan, LI Xin Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 261-268.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.011 Abstract （302）      PDF（pc） （311KB）（541）       Knowledge map    Save Soil excessive acidification is one of the main problems affecting the sustainable and healthy development of tea industry. To understand the long-term impact of organic management on soil pH of tea gardens, this study selected both soil samples from organic and conventional tea gardens in 84 tea producing counties of 18 provinces in China. The organic tea garden was managed organically from 1 to 21 years. The results show that the mean soil pH in organic tea gardens was significantly increased by 0.36, compared to the conventional tea gardens. With the increase of the years under organic management, the overall pH of tea garden soil shows a significant rise, and then a stable trend. The soil pH under organic management for 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and 16-21 a significantly increased by 0.48, 0.23, 0.28 and 0.30, respectively compared to those in conventional tea gardens. The organic management also helped the soil pH towards the direction for most suitable growth and development of tea plants, the proportion of soils with pH 4.5-5.5 was only 41.9% in conventional tea gardens, it was increased to 53.1%、48.9%、58.7% and 66.7% in tea gardens under organic management for 1-5, 6-10, 11-15 and 16-21 a, respectively. These results indicate that organic management could not only overcome soil over acidification, but towards to the direction of the most suitable soil pH for the growth and development of tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Fast Measurement of Green Tea Polyphenols Content Based on the Electrochemistry Method ZHU Dan, XU Hai-rong, Martial Geiser, Mario Bernabei, Wilfried Andlauer Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (3): 179-186.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.03.004 Abstract （741）      PDF（pc） （557KB）（539）       Knowledge map    Save The possibility of electrochemistry-cyclic voltammetry (CV) method applied on the fast measurement of green tea polyphenols content was investigated. Three kinds of working electrodes, silver electrode, carbon paste electrode and glassy carbon electrode, were designed and self-made for that purpose. The results showed that the silver electrode was not suitable for the content determination. A linear relationship between the anodic current and the polyphenols concentration was obtained using the carbon paste electrode or the glassy carbon electrode. Test results of green tea samples indicated that the repeatability and accuracy of the glassy carbon electrode were better than the carbon paste electrode. Compared with the national standard method, the electrochemistry method costs much less time. This research confirmed the feasibility of this method and gave a new idea to develop a fast, simple and low-cost way to detect polyphenols in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Researches on Tender Tea Shoots Identification under Natural Conditions WEI Jia-jia, CHEN Yong, JIN Xiao-jun, ZHENG Jia-qiang, SHI Yuan-zhi, ZHANG Hao Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (5): 377-381.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.05.004 Abstract （486）      PDF（pc） （772KB）（539）       Knowledge map    Save Identification of the tender tea shoots is the key step towards the intelligent tea harvesting. This paper presents several methods to recognize the tender tea shoots for high-quality tea production. Gray images were obtained by five color indices, which were R-B, I, b, S and Cb in RGB, YIQ, Lab, HSI and YCrCb color spaces. Then suitable threshold methods were applied to segment image, finally the median filter was used to eliminate noises. The results indicate that these methods were particularly effective for tender tea shoots identification under their natural conditions. The proposed method can be used for future intelligent tea harvest development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(10) Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (S1): 159-160.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.s1.018 Abstract （435）      PDF（pc） （37KB）（539）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification and Expression Analysis of Calcium-dependent Protein Kinase CsCDPK17 in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) LEI Lei, WANG Lu, YAO Lina, HAO Xinyuan, ZENG Jianming, DING Changqing, WANG Xinchao, YANG Yajun Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 267-279.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.004 Abstract （830）      PDF（pc） （2055KB）（537）    PDF（mobile） （2055KB）（14）    Knowledge map    Save Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs or CPKs) are important calcium sensors in higher plants, which are extensively involved in plant development and stress responding. In this study, one sequence that contained a complete ORF of 1 611 bp encoding a 568 amino acids protein was cloned from Camellia sinensis cv. Longjing 43. Sequence alignments revealed that this protein was a typical plant CDPK possesses N-terminus myristoylation site and protein kinases domain and showed the highest similarity with Arabidopsis AtCDPK17. Thus, the gene was defined as CsCDPK17 base on further phylogenetic analysis (Genbank accession No. MK238482). Basic protein character analysis shows that CsCDPK17 was a hydrophilic membrane-binding protein with molecularweight of 59.9 kD and PI of 5.43. Further subcellular localization assay using transient CsCDPK17-GFP expression in rice protoplasts and tobacco leaves proved that CsCDPK17 was localized in plasma membrane and nucleus. A series of gene transcription, light and hormone (such as ABA, SA, MeJA, etc) responding related cis-elements were detected in CsCDPK17 2 000 bp promoter regions. Tissue-specific expression analysis found that high expressions of CsCDPK17 were in the mature leaves and seeds, while the lowest transcription in roots. The transcription of CsCDPK17 was increased during cold acclimation and decreased during de-acclimation procedures in four cultivars with different cold resistance abilities. Moreover, stress induced expression indicated that CsCDPK17 could be induced by cold, drought and osmotic stresses with the highest induction levels of 5.1, 2.3 and 2.4 folds, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that the newly cloned CsCDPK17 might be involve in the regulation of both development and abiotic stress responses (such as cold, drought and osmotic stress) in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Membrane Separation and Its Physicochemical Properties of Theabrownin in ‘Zijuan’ Pu-erh Tea ZHANG Qin, DONG Li-xing, LI Gai-qing, GONG Jia-shun Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (3): 189-196.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.03.003 Abstract （574）      PDF（pc） （1063KB）（537）       Knowledge map    Save 3500Da decomposed dialysate and 100000Da undecomposed dialysate of the theabrownin in ‘zijuan’ pu-erh tea as the main content were obtained by using membrane technology and their physicochemical properties were studied. The result showed that the total acidic functional group, carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group,tea polyphenols, polysaccharose content of 100000Da undecomposed dialysate were higher than those of 3500Da decomposed dialysate. The polysaccharide isolated from 100000Da undecomposed dialysate was composed of ribose, rhamnose, mannose, glucose and galactose,but these monose were not detected in 3500Da decomposed dialysate. It suggested that the 3500Da decomposed dialysate and 100000Da undecomposed dialysate contained the -OH and -COOH groups. It was suggested that the theabrownin of the ‘zijuan’ pu-erh tea belonged to benzene polyphenolic substance and contained of polyphenolic pigments, lipids, polysaccharide, protein and alkaloids. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Gene Cloning and Expression Analysis of UFGT in Tea Plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] WANG Xiao-fan, TIAN Yan-wei, WANG Yun-sheng, GAO Li-ping, XIA Tao Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (5): 411-418.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.05.010 Abstract （533）      PDF（pc） （701KB）（537）       Knowledge map    Save A glucosyltransferase gene UDP-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl transferase was isolated from tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] and named CsUFGT. CsUFGT has 1526bp full length with open reading frame of 1380bp which encodes 459 amino acids. The corresponding protein CsUFGT, with predicted molecular mass 49.486kDa and predicted isoelectric point 5.96, shares 59% identity and 75% similarity with UFGT(P51094.2) in Vitis vinifer. CsUFGT includes a PSPG signal motif of typical plant glucosyltransferase. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the gene expressed in all tissues of tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze], and had high expression in the fourth leaf and low expression level in root and stem. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Ultrasound-assisted Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction Based on the Solidification of a Floating Organic Droplet Followed by Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Five Pyrethroid Pesticides in Tea Samples GAO Yuling, GUO Xiujuan, QIAO Shi, SUN Peng Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (3): 243-250.   Abstract （293）      PDF（pc） （1087KB）（536）       Knowledge map    Save A novel ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method (UA-DLLME-SFO) which combined with gas chromatography coupled with ECD detector was developed for the determination of five pyrethroid pesticides (fenpropathrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin) in tea. The optimal liquid-liquid microextraction experiment conditions were as follows: 20βμL hexadecane was used as extraction solvent. After ultrasound for 30 min under 35℃, 800βμL of acetone (disersive solvent) were rapidly transferred. The NaCl Mass Fraction was 4% and pH was adjusted to 4. The sample solution was then centrigugated at 10 000 r·min-1 for 5 min under －3℃ and then injected for gas chromatography analysis. It was shown that a good linearity for these pyrethroids was obtained at concentrations of 1.0 to 150.0 μg·kg-1 with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9994. The average recoveries of the 5 pesticides in liquid milk were in the range of 92.3% to 99.6% at spiked levels between 1 to 5 μg·kg-1, with intra-day relative standard deviations lower than 3.5%（n=6）and inter-day relative standard deviations lower than 5.9% (n=3). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.11-0.24 μg·kg-1 and 0.36-0.81 μg·kg-1 , respectively. The proposed method is simple, fast, safe, reliable and applicable for analyzing pyrethroid pesticides in tea samples. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Effect of Technological Factors on Yellow Tea Quality and Taste-chemical Constituents in the Yellowing Process FAN Fangyuan, YANG Xiaolei, GONG Shuying, GUO Haowei, LI Chunlin, QIAN Hong, HU Jianping Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 63-73.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.007 Abstract （834）      PDF（pc） （1448KB）（536）       Knowledge map    Save The yellowing process is the unique step during yellow tea process, which causes the tea to change bright yellow in tea-infusion and tea-leaf colors. This study focused on the effects of leaf-temperature, moisture content, relative humidity and ventilation frequency on the formation of yellow-tea using the uniform raw fresh-leaves. In addition, the correlations of yellowing-process technological-factors and chemical constituents were analyzed. The results show that the ventilation frequency and relative humidity were the key factors for yellowing-process and quality improvement using the uniform raw fresh-leaves and under the traditional temperature and moisture content. The yellow tea quality would be improved by increasing ventilation frequency and relative humidity under traditional yellowing temperature and moisture content. The principal component analysis indicates that ventilation frequency and relative humidity had high correlation with many taste-constituents, including catechins CG, ECG, GCG, flavones Myr-rha, Que-gal, and amino acids theanine, Ser, Gln, Arg, His, GABA. The results indicates that yellowing-process factors influenced the mellow-, thick- and sweet-tastes of yellow tea by affecting the taste-chemical constituents. As a result, the following yellowing process parameters were suitable for preparation of premium yellow tea with the taste of mellow, thick and sweet: leaf temperature of (45±2)℃, leaf moisture content of (37±3)%, relative humidity of (80±5)%, and ventilation frequency of once per 10 min. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1991, 11 (S1): 76-80.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1991.02.013 Abstract （402）      PDF（pc） （193KB）（535）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of 2,4-Epibrassinolide in Different Teas by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction ZHU Li, CHEN Hongping, CHAI Yunfeng, MA Guicen, HAO Zhenxia, WANG Chen, LIU Xin, LU Chengyin Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (6): 589-594.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.06.005 Abstract （551）      PDF（pc） （767KB）（534）       Knowledge map    Save An efficient method for analyzing 2,4-Epibrassinolide in different teas was developed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Homogenized samples were extracted with acetonitrile solution, cleaned up with three sorbents including C18, strong anion exchanger (SAX) and graphitized carbon black (GCB). The compound was separated on a HSS T3 column using electrospray Ionization (ESI) mode, detected by scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (SMRM) and quantified by matrix-matched external standard curves. The compound showed good linearity between the concentration of 0.8-800βμg·L-1, with high significant correlation (R2>0.999). The limit of quantitation (LOQ, S/N=10) ranged from 0.55 to 1.46βμg·kg-1. In addition, the spiked (20, 40, 200βμg·kg-1) recoveries of tea samples were 75.5%-93.6%, and RSDs were 0.4%-7.0%. The method was accurately and sensitively applied to commercial tea samples, which fulfilled all requirement for the determination of 2,4-Epibrassinolide in tea samples. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Aroma Components in Pu-erh Tea with Stale Flavor LU Hai-peng, ZHONG Qiu-sheng, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (3): 219-224.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.3.007 Abstract （718）      PDF（pc） （239KB）（534）       Knowledge map    Save Five Pu-erh tea samples with stale flavor were selected from 36 samples by sensory tests, and the aroma constituents of these samples were determined by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Furthermore the mainly difference in aroma constituents between Pu-erh tea with stale flavor and other Pu-erh tea samples was discussed in the paper. Results showed that the aroma constituents of Pu-erh tea with stale flavor were mainly heterocyclic oxygen compounds and alcohols, and the sum of the two mentioned above occupied 40% of the total, the major aromatic compounds of Pu-erh tea with stale flavor were 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene, Benzene,4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxy-,β-Terpineol, Epoxylinalol, Linalool oxideⅠ, 3,4-Dimethoxytoluene, Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-, Cedrol, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-methyl-, β-Linalool, 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene, β-Ionone, α-Farnesene. The contents of β-Linalool, Decanal, Nonanal, Methyl Salicylate, 3,4-Dimethoxytoluene, Benzene, 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxy-, Butylated Hydroxytoluene were much higher than that of other Pu-erh tea samples. However, the contents of β-Terpineol, Cedrol, β-ionone, 1,2,4-Trimethoxybenzene, Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-, 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene and Longifolene were much lower than that of other Pu-erh tea samples. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(36) Select Recent Advance on the Application of Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Tea ZHOU Jian, CHENG HaoP, WANG Li-yuan Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (4): 294-300.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.04.008 Abstract （733）      PDF（pc） （383KB）（534）       Knowledge map    Save The recent advance on the application of Near-infrared spectroscopy in tea was introduced in this paper. Its advantage and disadvantage in comparing with the other analytical methods were also analyzed. The main reasons which limited the development of near-infrared spectroscopic technique was analyzed and the range of the application in tea was predicted in the paper. This article also gives some advices about the development of near-infrared spectroscopy in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Development and Application of Albinotea Plant mSNP Molecular Markers Based on Genome-wide Resequencing LIU Haoran, ZHANG Chenyu, GONG Yang, YE Yuanyuan, CHEN Jiedan, CHEN Liang, LIU Dingding, MA Chunlei Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 27-39.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.003 Abstract （481）      PDF（pc） （1030KB）（533）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the information of genetic variation in albino tea and the feasibility of the mSNP liquid chip in the identification of tea germplasm, we analyzed the genetic diversity and detected the mutation sites of 18 tea resources by genome resequencing. The results indicate that the 18 albino tea accessions could be divided into three groups based on genome-wide SNP markers, and the resources with genetic relationship or close geographical location tended to cluster together. Functional annotation of the resequencing data reveals 17 056 non-synonymous mutated genes in the 18 albino tea resources, of which 98 missense mutations were found in 14 chlorophyll synthesis related genes. Then, based on the genomic variation information obtained in the previous study, we developed a set of liquid chip containing 59 mSNP and 222 SNP sites for the first time, and used the liquid chip to detect the genotype information of 13 tea plants. The results show that the genetic similarity between pairs of the same cultivar was 92%-98%, and the genetic similarity between different cultivar was less than 84%, indicating that the chip could accurately identify 18 albino tea accessions. Our results laid a foundation for the application of mSNP liquid phase chip in the identification of tea germplasm resources and molecular marker-assisted breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Composition and Stability of Soil Aggregates among Different Soil Types of Tea Garden WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, YOU Zhiming, WU Zhidan, JIANG Fuying, CHEN Zhizhi, WENG Boqi Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (2): 129-136.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.02.004 Abstract （628）      PDF（pc） （715KB）（533）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the field survey and laboratory analysis, the soil aggregate composition and stability characteristics in five soil types (yellow soil, red earth, moisture sandy soil, alpine meadow soil and purple soil) of tea garden in Wuyishan city were investigated. The results showed that the contents of soil macro-aggregates decreased with soil depth, but micro-aggregates increased correspondingly in the five soil types of tea garden. The contents of soil macro-aggregates (>5 mm) were highest, accounting for 18.07%-89.23% of the total in yellow soil, alpine meadow soil and purple soil, the soil micro-aggregates (<0.25 mm) were the highest, accounting for 37.16%-63.91% of the total in red soil and moisture sandy soil. The proportion of R0.25 (water-stable aggregate >0.25 mm ) was between 36.08% and 97.23% (sample means 73.60%). The mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates in alpine meadow soil of tea garden were significantly higher than those in other soil types, followed by those in yellow soil and purple soil, the lowest was in moisture sandy soil. The fractal dimension (D) changes in the opposite trend simultaneously. The soil aggregate composition and stability were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, total N, total P, soil bulk density, soil porosity, sand and silt, but not significant correlated with C/N, total K, pH value and clay. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Study on Food Functionality of Tea Polysaccharides LI Lei, WANG Dong-feng, ZHOU Xiao-ling, DING Qing-bo Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (2): 102-107.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.02.005 Abstract （534）      PDF（pc） （318KB）（532）       Knowledge map    Save Two contents of tea polysaccharides, TPSⅠand TPSⅡ,whose content is separately 27.4% and 57.8%, were extracted from tea, and its food functionalities, such as solubility, capacities of oil absorption, moisture absorption and retention, frothing, froth maintenance and apparent viscosity, were investigated. Results showed that TPSⅠ and TPSⅡ could dissolve in water and not in organic solvents of high concentration, and they had capacities of oil absorption, frothing and froth maintenance as well as capacities of moisture absorption and retention in humid and dry environment. With the increasing of content of polysaccharides in TPS, apparent viscosity of TPS increased; and viscosity of TPSⅠ was four times as much as that of TPSⅡ. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(15) Select Historical Changes and Influencing Factors of Tea Producing Areas in the Yangtze River Basin DU Xiya, LIU Xinqiu, LU Yong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 694-706.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.012 Abstract （228）      PDF（pc） （693KB）（531）       Knowledge map    Save The production, trade and the dissemination of tea culture in ancient China were mainly centered around the Yangtze River Basin. Research on the distribution of tea planting areas in the Yangtze River Basin and their influencing factors provides a crucial perspective for a thorough understanding of the historical and geographical development of tea. Based on the combing of ancient books, especially local records, combined with the research of modern scholars on tea producing areas in historical periods, this paper sorted out the historical evolution process of tea producing areas in the Yangtze River basin in detail. The study categorized these shifts into four stages and utilized ArcGIS technology to create distribution maps of tea-producing areas during each stage. The paper summarized the characteristics and patterns of tea-producing areas in the Yangtze River Basin, attempting to analyze prominent factors influencing the distribution of tea-producing areas in each stage. It reveals key features of the historical and geographical development of tea, providing valuable insights for a deeper understanding of tea production and the dissemination of tea culture in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Foliar Application of Different Concentrations of Organic-based Biostimulant Formulas on Yield and Quality of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in Red Soil Regions WANG Limin, CHEN Shiping, HUANG Dongfeng Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 53-61.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.007 Abstract （358）      PDF（pc） （903KB）（530）       Knowledge map    Save The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of organic-based biostimulant formulas (OBFs) on the yield and quality of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in red soil regions. A field experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the nutrient uptake, yield, and quality of tea under different fertilization treatments. On the basis of conventional fertilization, foliar applications with the volume percentage concentration of OBFs including 0 (T0), 0.33% (T1), 0.66% (T2), 0.99% (T3), 1.32% (T4), and 1.65% (T5) were set up. The results show that foliar application of OBFs improved agronomic characteristics, enhanced nutrient uptake of tea plants and improved the tea yield and quality. Compared with the T0 treatment, tea yield in the T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments increased by 1.4, 1.4, 1.3, 2.1 and 2.4 times, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, as the concentrations of OBFs increased, the contents of total alkaloid, caffeine, and amino acids were first increased and then decreased. The contents of total alkaloid in the T1 and T2 treatments increased by 9.6% and 9.3%, caffeine increased by 9.3% and 11.4%, and amino acids increased by 5.0% and 12.4% in comparison with the T0 treatment, respectively (P<0.05). Meanwhile, under T1 and T2 treatments, nitrogen (N) uptake of tea leaves increased by 5.5% and 6.1%, phosphorus (P) increased by 19.9% and 13.3% and potassium (K) increased by 20.9% and 10.0%, respectively (P<0.05). Under T1 treatment, silicon (Si) increased by 14.8%. Furthermore, tea yield was positively correlated with bud density, 100-bud weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content. Meanwhile, the contents of total alkaloid and caffeine were positively related to N, P, K and Si contents in tea leaves, respectively. Similarly, there was a significant and positive relationship between N, P and K contents in tea leaves and the contents of amino acids and essential amino acids. Overall, foliar application with 1.65% OBFs could increase tea yield, while foliar application with 0.33% and 0.66% OBFs could promote N, P, K and Si uptake in tea leaves, improve agronomic characteristics, which is beneficial for tea yield and quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Extraction of Tea-polyphenols from Tea Leaves by Ultrahigh Pressure Technique ZHANG Ge, ZHANG Ling-ling, WU Hua, ZHANG Shou-qin Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 291-294.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.011 Abstract （644）      PDF（pc） （326KB）（530）       Knowledge map    Save The extactrion of tea-polyphenols from tea leaves by using the ultrahigh pressure extraction technology (UPE) was studied. The experiment was designed with orthogonal method, and the yield of tea-polyphenols is used as the testing index. The extract conditions, including of the solvent concentration, pressure, the holding time of pressure and the soaking time before extraction, were investigated. The optimum extraction conditions are as follow, 60% ethanol, 200βMPa holding 3βmin., soaking 0.5 hr. The yield of tea-polyphenols is 28.92% under the optimum extraction condition. After separation, the yield of crude product of tea extraction is higher 25.3% than that of heat reflux method and the total of tea-polyphenols is higher 32% than that of heat reflux method. In addition, the extraction liquid of UPE is clear, easily to filter and no turbid after stored a long time. As a new extraction technology, UPE showed the great economic benefit if applied to extract tea-ployphenols from tea leaves in industrial scale. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(40) Select Evaluation of Methods for Extraction of Quality-related Constituents in Fresh Tea Leaves YANG Yiyang, ZHANG Jia, WANG Chuanpi, LI Xinghui, RUAN Jianyun Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (2): 137-144.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.02.005 Abstract （700）      PDF（pc） （615KB）（530）       Knowledge map    Save Metabolomic and systems biology require the acquisition of reproducible, reliable and homogeneous biological data set, the efficient extraction method is the key step in getting the satisfactory results of investigation. The influence on the extracting effect of quality-related constituents in tea leaves was investigated on various extracting solvents(methanol, ethanol, HClO4) and various grind methods (ball grinder and mortar). Results showed that 70% ethanol and 70% methanol proved to be more suitable solvent for extracting the amino acids in fresh tea leaves compared with 100% methanol and 100% ethanol. For tea polyphenols, 100% ethanol and 70% ethanol showed the highest extraction efficiency. 3 mol·L-1 HClO4 showed obvious advantage over all other solvents for amino acids extraction in fresh tea leaves, however, it showed the lowest extraction efficiency in tea polyphenols extraction. The use of 70% ethanol and grinded by ball grinder for 5 min has been proved to be the most suitable method. In addition, the amino acids and tea polyphenols concentration in freeze-dried leaves and oven-dried leaves were compared, the results showed that freeze-dry process could retain more quality-related constituents in tea leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Geographical Distribution and Morphology of Wild Tea Germplasm Resources in Guizhou and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors LIU Sheng-chuan, CAO Yu, YAN Dong-hai, WEI Jie, ZHAO Hua-fu, DUAN Xue-yi Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (6): 517-525.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.012 Abstract （594）      PDF（pc） （852KB）（530）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore geographical distribution and morphology of old wild tea plants in Guizhou and clarify their relationship with climatic factors based on canonical and pearson correlation analysis, the eighty-one wild tea plants germplasm resources whose age were more than 100 years old were collected from natural condition in Guizhou. Eighty-one wild tea plants were classified as four species and two varietics of Sect. Thea (L.) Dyer. Nine plants of C. tachangensis were maily distributed in the in the southwestern Guizhou with high temperature and humidity. Nine plants of C. gymnogya were mainly distributed in northwestern Guizhou with similar climatic condition. One plant of C. crassicolumna was located in Malu town in Jinsha County. Three plants of C. assamica were distributed in the border of Guangxi and Guizhou provinces with higher temperature and humidity. Fifty-nine plants of C. sinensis, mainly distributed in the central and western Guizhou, were widely scattered in Guizhou province. By means of canonical correlation analysis, climatic factors had a great impact on geographic distribution of these eighty-one wild tea germplasm. For example, annual precipitation, annual mean air temperature and annual extreme minimum air temperature showed a more significant impact on the geographic distribution of C. gymnogya. C. gymnogya, C. crassicolumna and C. tachangensis species were arbor and large leaf with leather or thin leather. The C. assamica species was semi-arbor and large leaf without leather. The fifty-nine C. sinensis plants with diverse morphology, mainly consisted of middle shaped leaf varieties, and their leaf area was moderately positively correlated with annual extreme maximum air temperature（r=0.28, P<0.05）. It was concluded that Guizhou possibly existed original distribution centers of wild tea plants containing C. gymnogya, C. tachangensis and C. sinensis species, and climatic factors influenced their geographic distribution, evolution and partial morphology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Green Tea Drying Technology of Low-temperature Vacuum Combined with Hot Air LIU Yu-fang, LIU Xiao-dong, LIN Guo-xuan, GUO Chun-yu, DENG Li-hong, YANG Chun Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 345-350.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.008 Abstract （639）      PDF（pc） （556KB）（529）       Knowledge map    Save For enhancing the quality of drying green tea, especially guarantee green tea green embellish appearance, the test of following drying process were carried out: using low-temperature vacuum drying combined with hot air to drying green tea after it rolled, take traditional hot air drying and vacuum freeze drying as controls, comprehensive evaluation of the indicators such as chlorophyll, tea-polyphenol, amino acids, effective ingredients preservation degree, green tea sensory quality and energy consumption. The results show that the combined drying technology of green tea got higher score in appearance, aroma and infused leaf than the traditional hot air drying, especially in appearance has obvious advantages in color of dry tea. At the same time, the comprehensive quality is higher than that of frozen vacuum drying process. The energy consumption of combined drying technology lies between hot air drying and freeze vacuum drying. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Effect of Sulphur Nutrition on Yield and Quality of Green Tea LI Jie, MA Li-feng, Jóska Gerendás, RUAN Jian-yun Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (3): 177-180.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.03.004 Abstract （608）      PDF（pc） （256KB）（529）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of sulphur on yield and quality of green tea were investigated. The field experiment consisted of two S application rates (0, 50βkg S·ha-1·a-1) with four replications in a 2×4 completely randomized block design. Sulphur application slightly increased fresh yield, contents of free amino acids, total ascorbic acid (tAsA), ascorbic acid (AsA), dehydroascorbic acid (DAsA), while decreased content of tea polyphenols and ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids (TP/AA). These changes of quality-determined constituents in tea flushes with sulphur supply were found to be associated with decreased activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and increased activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select The Critical Control of Microbiological Sanitary Quality of Black Tea in the Course of Process LI Ping, WAN Xiao-chun, XIA Tao Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (2): 136-140.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.02.010 Abstract （444）      PDF（pc） （312KB）（529）       Knowledge map    Save The microbiological sanitary quality of black tea is one of the main problems in exportation. In order to investigate the sanitary quality of black tea, the samples were random sampled during tea processing. The total number of bacteria, coliform most probable number (MPN) and total number of molds were analyzed so as to found out the critical control segment in the process of black tea and put forward the measure in improving the sanitary quality of black tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Study on the Inhibition of Mixture of Tea-Polyphenol and Vitamin C on Helicobacter Pylori XIAO Bo, QU Hui-ge, HUANG Qing-rong, YU Chuan-chuan, ZHAO Bo Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 295-298.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.012 Abstract （733）      PDF（pc） （348KB）（528）       Knowledge map    Save The mixture of tea-polyphenol (TP) and vitamin C(VC) with various concentrations were interfused into the liquid medium, then the inhibitive effect of the mixture on Helicobacter Pylori was determined in vitro. The result indicates that the inhibitive effect of the mixed solution of tea-polyphenol and vitamin C is more efficient than that of individuals, separately. The strongest inhibition is 98.23% when the concentration of mixture is TP 1.2βmg/ml, VC 0.08βmg/ml. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Quantitative Evaluation Methods for Tea Grade ZOU Dan, YIN Xiaoli, GU Huiwen, LONG Wanjun, FU Haiyan, SHE Yuanbin Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (6): 733-746.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.06.011 Abstract （500）      PDF（pc） （2029KB）（528）       Knowledge map    Save Grade is an important indicator for discerning the quality of green tea and other types of tea, and it is directly related to their selling prices. However, there is often a phenomenon of falsely labeling tea grades in the market, which seriously undermines consumer rights. At present, tea grade is mainly assessed by sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation, after long-term development, has formed relatively unified standard, but it still has a certain subjectivity. To evaluate the tea grade more accurately and objectively, researchers have developed a series of quantitative evaluation methods for tea grade. Given the significant practical importance of evaluating tea grade, this article provided a comprehensive review of the recent research status in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tea grades, including bionic sensing intelligent sensory detection technology, specific chemical components detection and metabolomics techniques. Major problems and challenges on tea grade evaluation were discussed, and future development trend was also prospected in this study. It has positive guiding significance for objective, scientific and standardized evaluation and quality control of tea quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Ameliorative Effect of Several Measures on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Community Structures in Acidified Tea Gardens LI Yanchun, WANG Hang, LI Zhaowei, YE Jing, WANG Yixiang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 661-671.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.009 Abstract （503）      PDF（pc） （404KB）（528）       Knowledge map    Save Acidification of tea garden soil is an important factor that restricts sustainable production of tea plants. Field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of several improvement measures on acidified tea soils, which would provide scientific basis to improve the soil quality. The experiment involved several treatments: (1) pure chemical fertilizer (routine fertilization, NPK), (2) chemical fertilizer plus 10 t•hm-2 biochar (NPK+BC10), (3) organic manure substituted 50% of chemical fertilizer (OM50), (4) organic manure substituted 50% of chemical fertilizer plus lime (OM50+Lime), (5) organic manure substituted 50% of chemical fertilizer plus 10 t•hm-2 biochar (OM50+BC10), (6) organic manure substituted 50% of chemical fertilizer plus 20 t•hm-2 biochar (OM50+BC20), and (7) organic manure substituted 50% of chemical fertilizer plus 40 t•hm-2 biochar (OM50+BC40). After two years of continuous application, soil samples were taken to determine the soil acidity, the nutrient contents, and the microbial community. The microbial community structure was measured using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and Biolog technology. Compared with NPK, soil pH were significantly increased by 1.10, 0.49 and 0.68 units, and base saturation were significantly increased by 114.01%, 55.92% and 58.62% in OM50+Lime, OM50+BC20, and OM50+BC40 treatments, respectively. Compared with NPK, soil organic carbon contents under OM50+BC10, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 treatments were significantly increased by 29.68%, 41.04% and 59.37%, respectively. All treatments had no significant effect on soil nitrate nitrogen content, while the ammonium nitrogen contents under OM50, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 treatments were significantly increased by 40.27%, 44.77% and 41.77% compared with NPK. NPK+BC10, OM50+BC10, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 significantly increased soil microbial activity, species richness, diversity and homogeneity of microbial community. OM50+BC10, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 treatments significantly reduced the ratios of fungi to bacteria, indicating that they increased the stability of soil ecosystem in the short term. The ratio of gram-negative bacteria to gram-positive bacteria under OM50+Lime treatment was significantly lower than that under NPK, which indicates that soil microorganism under OM50+Lime suffered the greater environmental stress than that under other treatments. In summary, OM50+Lime, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 had obvious improvement effect on acidified tea garden soil, while OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 had better improvement effect on soil microbial community properties than OM50+Lime. Simultaneous considering ameliorative effect and cost of economy, OM50+BC20 was the best improvement scheme. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Drought Stress on Growth and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Tea Seedlings WANG Minghan, DING Ding, ZHANG Chenyu, GAO Xizhi, CHEN Jianjiao, TANG Han, SHEN Chengwen Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 478-491.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.04.004 Abstract （718）      PDF（pc） （2474KB）（527）       Knowledge map    Save In the context of global warming, drought has become an important factor restricting the development of crop production, but there were relatively few studies on the physiological and biochemical responses of different tea cultivars to drought stress. Here, a pot water control experiment was conducted using annual tea seedlings of 10 tea cultivars (strains) such as Huangjincha 1 (HJC-1), HPS-8, and HPS-15 as materials. The chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and soluble sugar content were studied. The results show that: drought stress shortened the leaf length and width, reduced the number of leaves, increased the number of lateral roots, and dwarfed the plant. Furthermore, leaf thickness, upper epidermal thickness, fence tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, lower epidermal thickness and ratio of fence tissue to sponge tissue also decreased under stress. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents increased compared to the control group, and the increase of chlorophyll a content was significant. Photoinhibition was observed in all tea cultivars (strains) under drought stress. The values of Fo, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of tea cultivars under stress were lower than the control group, but the Fm values showed an opposite trend. The soluble sugar content of leaves significantly increased under drought stress compared with the control, except tea cultivar XN-1. Further analysis shows that HPS-8, XN-18, XN-9803, XN-9810 and XN-9809 have low drought tolerance but HJC-1, HPS-15, XN-1, XN-9802 and HPS-20 have relatively strong drought tolerance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Fu Brick Tea and Its Formula on the Content of TG in L-02 Steatotic Hepatocytes XU Xiao-jiang, HUANG Jian-an, XIAO Li-zheng, YUAN Yong, XIAO Wen-jun Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (3): 247-254.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.03.011 Abstract （571）      PDF（pc） （427KB）（527）       Knowledge map    Save Using 1mL/L of 20% medical fat emulsion to process L-02 liver cells for 48h in order to replicate non-alcoholic fatty degeneration of liver cells, and then adding different concentrations of extracts and its formulas to process separately for 24h and 48h, automatic biochemical analyzer detects the level of triglycerides (TG) in liver cells, investigate the effects of Fu Brick Tea extraction and the two formulas on the content of TG in L-02 Steatotic Hepatocytes. Results showed that Fu brick tea extraction and formula 1 can significantly lower TG levels in fatty liver cells(P<0.05), while comparing with the Xue Zhi Kang group, those two groups presented no significant difference (P>0.05). Accordingly, Fu brick tea and formula 1 reflect a wide prospect of development and application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8) Select Dynamics of Scent Type and Aroma Components of Wuyi Dahongpao during the Preliminary Processing WANG Fang, ZHANG Jianming, LI Bo, CHEN Baiwen, LIU Baoshun, ZHAN Shiquan, LIU Shizhang Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 455-463.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.011 Abstract （847）      PDF（pc） （458KB）（527）       Knowledge map    Save The aroma components of tea leaves of Wuyi Dahongpao during the preliminary processing were investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that compared to the fresh leaves, the aroma component contents of alkanes, aldehydes and ketones such as nonaldehyde, tetradecane, tridecane, dodecane, butyl-2-ethyl-1,2,3-propyltriester, di-tert-dodecyl disulfide and orange blossom tert acetate were decreased drastically during the preliminary processing, which were decreased by 72.4%, 91.8% and 63.6% in the raw made tea, respectively. The alcohol, ester and olefin aroma components such as nerolidol, alpha olefin, indole, phenylacetonitrile, phenylethyl alcohol, caproic acid ester, hexanoic acid-shun 3-hexene ester, hexanoic acid-2-hexene ester and benzoic acid ester, acid-3-hexene-1-ester, and benzoic acid 2-hexene ester were largely increased during the preliminary process. The alcohol, ester and olefin aroma components involved in the characteristic flavor of Dahongpao were increased by 215.5%, 70.8% and 682.6% in the raw made tea respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Dynamic Variation of Chemical Pattern Related to Aroma Constituents during the Quality Formation of Fresh Scent-Flavor Oolong Tea CHEN Lin, ZHANG Ying-gen, CHEN Jian, WU Ling-sheng, WANG Zhen-kang, YOU Zhi-ming Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 53-59.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.005 Abstract （518）      PDF（pc） （387KB）（526）       Knowledge map    Save The spring shoots harvested from the buds of Jinguanyin and Huangguanyin tea plant(Camellia sinensis) were used as materials for the experiments, and aroma constituents of the samples prepared during the period of shoot growth and the process of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There were 365 aroma compounds detected in all tea samples. When given data standardization to the peak area ratios between aroma compounds and ethyl decanoate, the consistent results would be obtained based on visualized pattern recognition, which included cosine similarity analysis, nearest-neighbor cluster analysis (Euclidean distance) and principal component analysis. All tea samples could be divided into two groups according to tea cultivars. One was made up of the samples of Jinguanyin, and the other came from the samples of Huangguanyin. The chemical patterns of the aroma constituents in spring shoots were so much different that they could be well distinguished from the samples of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea. The samples of Jinguanyin and Huangguanyin were very different in contents of nerolidol, geraniol, farnesene, phytol, etc. The contents of geraniol and linalool decreased following with shoot growth, whereas the contents of nerolidol, indole and farnesene increased obviously during the process of fresh scent-flavor Oolong tea. These facts suggested that the aroma quality of scent-flavor Oolong tea was not only involved with tea cultivars and shoot maturity, but also affected by its manufacturing process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select RP-HPLC Determination of Seventeen Free Amino Acids in Tea with O-phthalaldehyde Precolumn Derivation YANG Wei, XIAN Shu, LI Da-xiang, WAN Xiao-chun Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (3): 211-217.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.03.008 Abstract （897）      PDF（pc） （387KB）（525）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography combined with precolumn derivatization with O-phthalaldehyde and ?uorescence detection was set up for the qualitatively and quantitatively analysis of seventeen kinds of free amino acids in tea. The RSD of the retention time and peak area of the 17 kinds of free amino acids were 0.02%~0.70% and 0.11%~1.15%, respectively. With validation, this method was proved to be accurate, stable and reproducible for the analysis of free amino acids in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Water Quality on the Storage Characteristics of Green Tea Beverages JIANG Chun-liu, SUN Yun, YUE Pengxiang, ZHANG Nan-fei Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 561-566.   Abstract （330）      PDF（pc） （239KB）（524）       Knowledge map    Save The change of the liquor color, main biochemical composition and sensory quality of green tea beverages during storage was studied. Results showed that tea liquor color brightness decreased, liquor color deepened, the total catechins decreased during the storage. The change of the liquor color, the total catechins and sensory quality of green tea beverages made by distilled water and pure water was far less than that made by soft water, mineral water and tap water. Green tea beverages made by distilled water had a lighter color, but astringent and less refreshing. Purified water and soft water were suitable for tea production and processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Study on the Toxicology of Se-Enriching Ampelopsis Grossedentata from Enshi CHEN Yu-qiong, XIANG Ban-gui, NI De-jiang, WU Mou-cheng, ZHOU Ji-rong, YU Zhi, ZENG Wei-chao Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 295-299.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.010 Abstract （572）      PDF（pc） （267KB）（524）       Knowledge map    Save The water extract of Enshi Se-enriching Tengcha(ESTC) on the animal safety was investigated according to the Standard of Health Food Test and Assess. Acute toxicity test on mice showed that LD50 was greater than 30βg/kg.bw. Three genetic tests showed negative results. 90 days feeding test showed that the outer appearance, behavior, weights, organ coefficients, the indexes of hematology and biochemistry in rats have no significant difference comparing with the control group. Significant pathological changes of inherent organs were not discovered. All results showed that ESTC was safet for rats. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Status and Suggestions of Tea Garden Fertilization on Main Green Tea-Producing Counties in Zhejiang Province MA Li-feng, CHEN Hong-jing, SHAN Ying-jie, JIANG Ming-bei, ZHANG Gen-miao, WU Lin-tu, RUAN Jian-yun, LV Jian-fei, SHI Yuan-zhi, PAN Li-xun, HUANG Cheng-mu, LIU Lin-ming, LIANG Bi-yuan, WANG Mei-qin, PAN Jian-qing Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 74-84.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.010 Abstract （692）      PDF（pc） （871KB）（524）       Knowledge map    Save Fertilization status of typical green tea gardens in Zhuji, Shengzhou, Chun’an, Kaihua, Yongjia, Jiande, Changxing, Quzhou, Shaoxing, Songyang, Wuyi and Fuyang counties, and Xihu district of Zhejiang province in 2009 and 2010 was investigated. The result showed that fertilization of the investigated areas had several characteristics. Firstly, the main applied fertilizers were urea, compound fertilizer and organic manure (including rapeseed and livestock). Secondly, the fertilizers were mainly applied to soil surface in the way of broadcast. and compound fertilizer and organic manure were applied as topdressing. And period and frequency of tea gardens fertilizer application was random. Thirdly, the amount of N applied was deficient for 30% and excessive for 41% of tea gardens. Soil available P content was excessive for 50.4% of tea gardens. And soil available K content was deficient for 48.8% of tea gardens. Finally some fertilization suggestions are recommended according to tea garden application status. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(20) Select Optimization of Aroma Extraction and Aroma Component Analysis on Chestnut-like Green Tea YIN Hongxu, YANG Yanqin, YAO Yuefeng, ZHANG Mingming, WANG Jiaqin, JIANG Yongwen, YUAN Haibo Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (5): 518-526.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.05.009 Abstract （628）      PDF（pc） （911KB）（524）       Knowledge map    Save Fourteen green tea samples with typical chestnut-like aroma and 2 samples with sweet aroma were used as materials and the optimal conditions including the type of extraction fiber, the extraction time, the extraction temperature and electrolyte concentration were selected by comparing the extraction effect of different conditions. The optimal conditions for preparing aroma of chestnut-like green tea were explored and the characteristic peak analysis of chestnut-like green tea was carried out. Results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions of chestnut-like green tea were as follows: extraction fiber DVB/CAR/PDMS, extraction temperature at 50℃, extraction for 50βmin, electrolyte concentration of 1-3βmg·L-1. under this condition, 171 volatile compounds were detected and 30 peaks were identified as common characteristic peaks of chestnut-like green tea, including 5 alcohols, 4 alkenes, 7 alkanes. the RSDs of the relative peak areas were ≤5.0%, which showed a high repeatability. The similarity analysis of angle cosine method and correlation coefficient method proved that the characteristic peaks could well explain their contribution to chestnut-like fragrant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Black Tea and Its Flower Brick Tea on Lowering Uric Acid in Hyperuricemic Mice YUAN Dongyin, XIAO Wenjun, PENG Yingqi, LIN Ling, ZHOU Yang, TAN Chunbo, TAN Hongbo, GONG Zhihua Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 34-42.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.004 Abstract （980）      PDF（pc） （724KB）（523）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the successful establishment of hyperuricemia model mice by potassium oxonate, black tea and its flower black brick tea made from the same fresh leaves were used to investigate their effects on lowering uric acid in hyperuricemic mice. In the study, ninety KM male mice were randomly divided into nine groups (10 mices for each group) including the normal group, the model group, the black tea-treated groups (high dose, middle dose, low dose) and the allopurinol group. Then all mice were orally administrated for fourteen days. The results showed that compared with the model group, the levels of weight , kidney index and serum uric acid in tea-treated groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Moreover, the high-dose group of flower black brick tea had extremely significant reduction in blood uric acid (P<0.01). Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine also decreased significantly in tea-treated groups (P<0.01). The levels of urine urea nitrogen in the middle and high dose groups increased significantly (P<0.01), and the levels of urine uric acid in the high dose groups increased significantly (P<0.01). The levels of urine creatinine were significantly increased in the tea-treated groups (P<0.01) except the low-dose black tea group which showed an opposite trend (P<0.05). The middle dose group of flower black brick tea significantly decreased the activities of xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase (P<0.05). The middle dose group of black tea and both high dose groups all highly significantly reduced the activities of these two enzymes (P<0.01). These results showed that black tea and flower black brick tea could reduce the production of uric acid, and the high-dose flower black brick tea group was superior to black tea in lowering blood uric acid and increasing uric acid, urine urea nitrogen, and urine creatinine. The mechanism remains to be further explored. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Structure and Dynamic Analysis of Spider Population of Tea Garden in Taishan Region LI Wei-wei, LIU Yu, ZHANG Li-xia, YANG Chao Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (4): 341-346.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.04.008 Abstract （634）      PDF（pc） （950KB）（522）       Knowledge map    Save In the investigation of tea garden in Taishan region, 1095 individual spiders were collected and identified as 13 families and 40 species, which 77.90% of them belong to the group which active on the ground and 21.91% belong to the making web group. Four types of spider species including Pardosa astrigera, Trochosa suiningensis, Anahita fauna and Coelotes taishanensis were the doninant spiders in Taishan tea garden, and showed different dynamic changes in a year. Spiders of Taishan tea garden are active in all the year, the numbers are least in February, most in August and maintain high level during the period of June to September. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Effects of Three Amendments on Selenium Availability of Highly Acidic and Se-rich Soil in Tea Garden and their Relative Mechanisms XIE Shanni, ZONG Lianggang, ZHANG Qihui, DAI Rongbo, PAN Hanyue, YUAN Qiang Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (3): 299-307.   Abstract （448）      PDF（pc） （978KB）（522）       Knowledge map    Save A series of incubation experiment and field trail were carried out to study the effects and mechanisms of three amendments (straw charcoal, calcium-magnesium phosphate and earthworm liquid fertilizer) and their different applying modes on selenium (Se) availability of highly acidic and Se-rich soil in tea gardens. The results of incubation experiment showed that all treatments increased soil pH and the contents of available Se, but decreased the contents of exchangeable aluminum (Al) significantly. Se was transformed from organic bound form to soluble form, and Al was transformed from exchangeable form to organic complexed form by morphological analysis. The results of field trail showed that different applying modes effectively inhibited further soil acidification, enhanced the availability of Se and increased the Se content in tea leaves simultaneously. A combined application of straw charcoal, calcium-magnesium phosphate and earthworm liquid fertilizer showed the highest effects. The results of this research provide reference to develop Se-enriched tea in acidic and selenium-rich area. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Design and Experimental Investigation of Congou Black Tea Visual Aerobic Fermentation Machine DONG Chunwang, YE Yang, JIANG Yongwen, ZHU Hongkai, HE Huafeng, GUI Anhui, GAO Mingzhu, HUANG Fan Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (4): 370-376.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.04.010 Abstract （604）      PDF（pc） （681KB）（522）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the existing problems caused by loose combination of black tea fermentation equipment and fermentation process, including instable fermentation temperature and humidity, difficult mixing, oxygen deficit and non-uniform quality, a congou black tea visual aerobic fermentation machine was designed. Our study described the overall design scheme of the machine and its key parts such as the fermentation tube, mixing and heat tunnel device, and then determines the key parameters. By conducting a fermentation performance test, it was found that the fermentation processing achieved the optimal effect with more than 90% of humidity at 30℃ fermentation temperature for 3.5βh. Compared with traditional fermentation, the aroma, taste and more have been significantly improved and sensory quality score was 2.1 points higher. The machine is simple in structure and convenient to operate. It can well meet the fermentation requirements of high-quality black tea and possessed a good application prospects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select HPLC Analysis, Preparation and Mass Identification of Flavonol Glycosides in Tea Seed Flakes JIANG He-yuan, KE Chang-qiang, WANG Chuan-pi, CHEN Xiao-qiang, YUAN Xin-yue Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 289-294.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.009 Abstract （568）      PDF（pc） （304KB）（522）       Knowledge map    Save Through HPLC and preparing HPLC and the analysis of molecular weight and chemical group by HPLC/MS, Two flavonol glycosides from tea seed flakes were separated and identied. The systematical method combining analytical and preparation scale HPLC with HPLC/MS, could also be used in the study of other natural products in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(15) Select Aesthetic Image of Tea in the Tea Poems Written in Tang and Song Dynasty ZHU Hai-yan, LIU Zhong-hua, LIU De-hua, SHI Zhao-peng Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (2): 152-156.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.02.014 Abstract （565）      PDF（pc） （242KB）（522）       Knowledge map    Save In modern society the relationship between tea and daily life becomes more and more intimate, and the effects of tea culture are so profound that the study upsurges have come. In view of existing situation a new study point cut-in from aesthetics was explored. In this article, knowledge of aesthetics, tea science, poem science and history science were synthetically applied to analyze the beauty of shapes, colors, fragrances, flavors of tea expressed in many exquisite tea poems written in Tang and Song Dynasty. The results vividly traced out extremely clean and perfect taste image of tea, and enriched the themes and contents of poems studies, filled up the study blank of tea poem aesthetics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Study on the Influence of Tea Green Leafhopper Infestation on the Tenderness of Fresh Tea Leaves and the Extraction Rate of Metabolites Related to Oolong Tea Quality WU Shuhua, MAO Kaiquan, CHEN Jiaming, LI Jianlong, XUE Jinghua, ZENG Lanting, YANG Yuhua, GU Dachuan Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (6): 806-822.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.06.005 Abstract （471）      PDF（pc） （4187KB）（521）       Knowledge map    Save Tea green leafhopper is a major insect widely distributed in tea gardens, which has a significant impact on the yield and quality of tea. However, the effects of tea green leafhopper infestation on the tenderness of fresh tea leaves and the extraction rate of metabolites related to oolong tea quality remain unclear. By means of shear force measurement, broken tea rate analysis, oolong tea brewing, metabolite analysis and correlation analysis, it was found that the infestation of tea green leafhoppers significantly increased the contents of cell wall materials lignin, cellulose and pectin, and decreased the tenderness of fresh tea leaves and broken tea rate. The extraction rates of tea polyphenols, free amino acids, soluble sugars, catechin monomers, amino acid monomers and theanine were affected. Moreover, except for epicatechin gallate (ECG), the extraction of these taste substances and the tenderness of fresh tea leaves were significantly correlated with the contents of cell wall materials. In this study, the extraction rule of taste quality metabolites after tea green leafhoppers infestation was explored, and the influence of tea green leafhopper infestation on quality traits was explored from three aspects: tea picking, processing and brewing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of the Flavone Glycosidesin Various Tea Cultivars WU Chun-yan, XU Hai-rong, Julien Héritier, Wilfried Andlauer Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (2): 122-128.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.02.008 Abstract （679）      PDF（pc） （645KB）（521）       Knowledge map    Save A standardized profiling method based on high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection (MS) was established to identify and quantify twelve flavone glycosides in eight tea cultivar. The result showed that the contents of flavonoid glycoside in different tea cultivars were widely distributed. The content of flavonoid glycoside was highest in the tea cultivar of Ziya up to 6.12mg/g, and lowest in the tea cultivar of Fujian Shuixian with only 2.31mg/g. There was a significant difference between these two tea cultivars (P<0.05). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Effects of Different Fixatives on Fidelity and Slow-release of Huangjingui Tea Essential Oil Aroma LIU Wanqiong1, ZHANG Yingbin2, GONG Shuying1*, CHEN Ping1, FAN Fangyuan1, YANG Mengxuan1, GU Zhaoqi1 Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (4): 372-378.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.04.005 Abstract （530）      PDF（pc） （1053KB）（520）       Knowledge map    Save An optimized and improved SDE method was carried out to get tea essential oil of high fidelity and the optimum condition was 2 h extraction of 25 g tea by continuous hot flowing steam. The effects of fixatives (diethyl phthalate, benzyl benzoate and vanillin) on this tea essential oil and their roles on the performance of aroma slow-release in tea essential oil were also studied by GC/MS and olfactory evaluation. The results showed that the persistence of fragrance was improved by all 3 fixatives. Among these, tea essential oil with diethyl phthalate showed highest fidelity of original odor type, indicating diethyl phthalate could be applied to manufacture tea aroma standard reference. Vanillin showed the best performance for aroma slow-release but the lowest fidelity. Benzyl benzoate had excellent coordinate ability and showed good performance for both fidelity and persistence which can be applied to develop tea fragrances. This study provided new ideas for fidelity and slow-release of tea essential oil. Meanwhile, the theoretical and practical foundation was established for hypostatization of tea olfactory term and innovation of tea fragrance and other field of tea industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Co-fermentation by Eurotium cristatum and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Quality of Green Tea Liquid Beverage TU Zheng, MEI Huiling, LI Huan, LIU Xinqiu, Emmanuel Arkorful, ZHANG Caili, CHEN Xuan, SUN Kang, LI Xinghui Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (5): 496-507.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.05.007 Abstract （809）      PDF（pc） （1244KB）（519）       Knowledge map    Save In order to inhibit the degradation of catechins in fermented green tea liquid beverage fermented by E. cristatum, the co-fermentation of L. plantarum and E. cristatum to green tea liquid beverage was conducted. The processing technology was optimized by response surface methodology. Besides, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GS-MS) method were used to detect the catechin contents and aroma components in the combined fermented green tea liquid beverage. The results showed that under the premise of 10βg·L-1 of dry tea and 10βmL·L-1 of E. cristatum, the optimal technological conditions for the combined fermentation of green tea liquid beverage were L. plantarum 20βmL·L-1, sucrose 75βg·L-1, and stationary fermentation at 30℃ for 3 days. The total catechin concentration in the joint fermented green tea liquid beverage under this process was 1β419.94βμg·mL-1, which was significantly higher than unfermented green tea liquid beverage (848.72βμg·mL-1) (P<0.05). And the contents of alcohol compounds (30.27%), aldehyde compounds (15.25%), hydrocarbon compounds (11.35%), ester compounds (9.86%) and ketone compounds (9.01%) were significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with unfermented green tea liquid beverage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Variation of Oil Content in Tea Seed Kernel and Fatty Acid Compositions and Contents in Tea Seed Oil among Different Culitivars and Regions XIANG Jing, LIANG Yuerong, ZHAO Dong, WANG Kairong, LU Jianliang, YUAN Ming'an, ZHENG Xinqiang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (2): 233-248.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.008 Abstract （708）      PDF（pc） （784KB）（519）       Knowledge map    Save In order to identify tea cultivars with high oil and rich fatty acid compositions, the relevant research on tea seeds of 49 tea cultivars from 9 provinces was carried out. The results show that the oil content of different cultivars were 16.29%-33.80%. The composition and content of fatty acids in tea seed oil were determined by gas chromatography. A total of 19 kinds of fatty acids were detected, among which oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and α-linolenic acid were the main fatty acids accounting for 46.00%-72.64%, 8.05%-31.05%, 12.02%-18.80%, 2.16%-5.34% and 0.36%-1.20% of the total fatty acids content, respectively. The average ratio of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in different cultivars of tea seed oil was generally 1∶3.04∶1.40. The correlation analysis of fatty acid components shows that cis-oleic acid was negatively correlated with trans-oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, while cis-oleic acid was positive correlated with α-linolenic acid and palmitic acid, and trans-oleic acid was negatively correlated with palmitic acid. There were significant differences in fatty acid content in different regions. Based on the present results, ‘Zhongcha 108’ from Zhejiang province, ‘Jinxuan’ from Guangdong province, ‘Xiangbolv 2’ and ‘Zhuyeqi’ could be used as good oil tea cultivars since their seeds have higher fatty acid contents and the proportion of three fatty acids types was more balanced. ‘Baoshan population’, ‘Xiangshanzao’, ‘Jinxuan’ from Hunan province, ‘Zijuan’ and ‘Yunnan wild tea population’ had high unsaturated fatty acid contents, which were suitable for making pharmaceutical and cosmetic oil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Use of Diversity of Tea Cultivars for Bud Blight Control ZHANG Ze-cen WANG Xue-ping Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 253-258.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.004 Abstract （465）      PDF（pc） （477KB）（519）       Knowledge map    Save Field experiments of mixed and single-cultivar-planting of 6 susceptible cultivars and 3 tea bud blight-resistant cultivars, and the genetic diversity, and the relationship of 10 tea cultivars were investigated by RAPD. The results demonstrated that 10 tested tea cultivars can be classified into 2 complex groups and 3 simple groups, a total of 110 polymorphic DNA bands were amplified (89.43%). The disease incidence infected leaf-area percentage disease index and infected leaf area in the mixed planting plots were significantly lower than those in the single-cultivar-planting plots. The susceptible cultivars showed significant greater decreasing range the control efficiency gained 28.54%~73.77%. It suggests that inter-planting of tea cultivars with different genetic background and morphological characteristic is an effective approach for tea bud blight control. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Study on the Acute Toxicity and Genetic Toxicity of Cold-Brewing Tea YANG Jian, SHI Da-liang Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (2): 163-166.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.02.012 Abstract （535）      PDF（pc） （319KB）（518）       Knowledge map    Save “Cold-making tea” is a new type of tea. To ensure the safety of cold-brewing tea, it is necessary to conduct the research on its property and safety. Results showed that the mice were ingested the tea sample by means of maximal tolerant dosage(40βml/kg·BW)method, The median acute oral lethal dose(LD50)>40βml/kg·BW and it equals to LD50>20βg/kg·BW of the dried tea sample. It can be classified as the class of nontoxic . Based on the above results, three-treatment levels（the maximum dosage 20βml/kg·BW）of the tea infusion were ingested into the mice stomach. It was showed that the result of mice micronucleual test of bone marrow cell was negitive. which means the tea sample was no teratogenicity on sperm and had no micronucleus effect on Kunming mice under the test levels. Results showed that the tea sample was nontoxic and safe. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Simultaneous Determination of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Its Four Precursors in Tea by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry QIU Shiting, HOU Xue, LEI Shaorong, HAN Mei, HE Guangyun, LI Ying, QIN Shudi Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 216-226.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.012 Abstract （424）      PDF（pc） （565KB）（518）       Knowledge map    Save Nicotinamide ribosome (NR), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM) are 4 precursor compounds of NAD+, which can be converted to NAD+ in vivo to work after oral administration. This study established a method for simultaneous determination of NAD+ and its four precursors in tea by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The tea samples were extracted by water, then diluted and directly analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Method validation shows this method has good linearity in their respective range with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.99. The average recoveries ranged from 70.00 % to 120.00% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.09%-14.50%. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were 0.10-0.50 μg·L-1. The determination results of five target compounds in green tea, black tea and dark tea show that green tea and black tea were the good natural food sources of NR, NMN, NAD+. The results of principal component analysis show that the contents of five compounds could well distinguish black tea, green tea and dark tea. The cluster analysis shows the same type of tea from the same origin was of uneven quality, with high dispersion in samples, and it was difficult to identify each other. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Nitrogen Transformation Bacteria on Microbial Community and Nutrient Contents in Rhizosphere Soil of Tea Plant HAN Xiaoyang, ZHANG Lixia, HUANG Xiaoqin, DONG Yuhui, LI Zhi, SHANG Tao Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (5): 405-414.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.001 Abstract （595）      PDF（pc） （830KB）（518）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of nitrogen transformation bacteria on micro-ecological environment of the rhizosphere soil of 2 years old tea plant were studied in Taian City of Shandong Province. The Bacillus subtilis (T1) and Azotobacter chroococcum (T2) were set up as inoculation treatments, and the noninoculation as the control in this research. The number of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria, azotobacter, nitrifying bacteria and the modification of microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil in different periods were measured, using the methods of culture counting and T-RFLP. Meanwhile, the nutrient contents in the soil were also determined. The results showed that the bacterial number of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than CK, but there were no significant impact on fungi and actinomycetes. In the whole test process, the number of ammonifying bacteria and azotobacter were higher than that of CK, among which ammonifying bacteria of T1 was the most, azotobacter of T2 was the most; the nitrifying bacteria numbers of CK was significantly higher than T1 and T2. Based on T-RFLP mapping analysis and compared with the control group, microbial diversity, the richness and evenness were rise in the bacterium treatments. The ammonium nitrogen concentration of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than that of CK, but the nitrate concentration were lower than that of CK. The available P concentration of T1 and T2 significantly increased by 8% and 25% for CK. Meanwhile, the available K concentration of T1 and T2 significantly increased by 15% and 11% for CK. The inoculation of Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter chroococcum showed the positive effects, which could improve micro-ecological environment and soil nutrients of tea rhizospheric soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Isolation and Identification of Variant Phytochemical in the Processing of Fu Tea by Fungal Fermentation with Loose Tea HUANG Hao, ZHAO Xi, HUANG Huaisheng, YIN Xia, SU Benwen, ZHONG Xinggang, HUANG Jian'an, ZHENG Hongfa, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 27-37.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.004 Abstract （663）      PDF（pc） （1449KB）（518）       Knowledge map    Save Several kinds of Fu tea were obtained by the technology of “fungal fermentation with loose tea” with different tea samples such as Dahongpao tea, black tea, green tea, the raw material of Tianjian tea and the raw material of Jinxiangyi brick tea. With different properties of tea samples (fungal solid state fermentation) generated from “fungal fermentation” as the research objects, this article has searched the main variant phytochemical through comparative analysis with the help of HPLC overlay method. Meanwhile, targeted variant compounds have been constructed with preparative HPLC with preliminary identification by HR-MS and NMR. The experiment indicated that under the detached condition of this study, different kinds of Fu tea generated the same compounds after “fungal fermentation”. And the two added variant compounds are flavonols, named quercetin and kaempferol respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Relationship between Leaf Structure of Tea Germplasm and Its Resistance to Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) WANG Qing-sen, HUANG Jian, CHEN Chang-song, WU Guang-yuan, ZENG Ming-sen, HUANG Chun-mei, CHEN Rong-bing Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (1): 60-66.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.1.010 Abstract （459）      PDF（pc） （252KB）（517）       Knowledge map    Save Using field pest density and the number of oviposition per unit area and the generational survival rate of A. spiniferus in laboratory as indexes, the resistance of 12 tea germplasm to A. spiniferus was studied. Relationships between leaf structure of 9 tea germplasms and the oviposition numbers of A. spiniferus and its generational survival rate were analyzed. The results showed that the resistance of You 510, You 3, Dangui, Yulong, Jiulongpao to A. spiniferus was stronger than that of G31, Baijiguan, Fuyun No.10 and Tieguanyin. The oviposition numbers of A. spiniferus was found to have significantly positive correlation with stoma density(R=0.7950, F=12.0267, P=0.0104) and thickness of spongy tissue(R=0.6790, F=5.9890, P<0.05), have significantly negative correlation with thickness of palisade tissue(R=-0.7187, F=7.4784, P<0.05) and nearly significantly negative correlation with thickness of cuticular layer on subepidermis(R=-0.6439, F=4.9591, P=0.0613). Meanwhile, the generational survival rate of A. spiniferus have nearly remarkably positive correlation with stoma density(R=0.6654, F=5.5605, P=0.0505), but extremely-marked negative correlation with thickness of subepidermis(R=-0.8390, F=16.6361, P<0.01), and extremely-marked negative correlation with cuticular layer on subepidermis(R=-0.7843, F=11.1886, P=0.0123), and extremely-marked negative correlation with thickness of palisade tissue(R=-0.8109, F=13.4414, P<0.01). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of 79 Pesticide Residues in Tea by Solid Phase Extraction with GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS ZENG Yan, LANG Hong, YANG Qiaohui, LI Xiaxue, SHI Chaoting Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 576-586.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.009 Abstract （919）      PDF（pc） （560KB）（517）       Knowledge map    Save In order to detect various pesticide residues in tea, a reliable, rapid and high throughput detection method was established: a solid phase extraction was developed for the determination of 79 pesticide residues in tea by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These samples were extracted by 20βmL acetonitrile. 10βmL extracts were cleaned by Carbon/NH2 column with 20βmL acetonitrile + toluene (3∶1) and then mixed with 5βmL acetonitrile, then these procdssed samples were detected by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The results show that the concentrations of 79 pesticide residues had good linearity relationships in the range of 0.01-0.40βmg·L-1, with the correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.995, the recoveries of high, low and medium levels were ranged from 67.3%-130.8%, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 15%, the limits of quantification (LOQs) of 98.7 % pesticides were less than or equal to 0.01βmg·kg-1, multiple types of tea were detected, and the results were proved to be qualified. Consequently, the method can simultaneously detect 5 kinds of pesticides, including organophosphorus, organochlorine, pyrethroids, carbamates and organic heterocyclic pesticides, which would be useful to determine multi-pesticide residues in high numbers of tea samples. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Mn Addition Treatment on Accumulation of Mn and Physiological Active Substance in Tea Plants CHANG Shuo-qi, PENG Ke-qin, ZHANG Ya-lian, LIU Hong-yan, FU Hai-ping Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (5): 331-338.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.003 Abstract （510）      PDF（pc） （392KB）（516）       Knowledge map    Save Hydroponic cultivation was used to study the effects of long-term treatment with different levels of Mn on accumulation of Mn and physiological active substance in two tea cultivars. The result indicated that Fuding cultivars shows stress phenomenon of Mn after long-term treated by Mn addition treatment. while that of Zhu yeqi cultivar is not. Mn concentration in tea leaves of Zhu yeqi cultivar is higher than that of Fuding during growing 50 days and 176 days respectively. Except the A treatment the Mn concentration in other treatment, the tea plant leaves of Fuding cultivar are higher than that of Zhu yeqi cultivar in 143 days. At the middle stage, some leaves of Fuding cultivar show the phenomenon of Mn stress, chlorophyll content in tea leaves decrease, young leaves become yellow, old leaves become brown. The change of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and Maleic Dialdehyde (MDA) activity shows tea plants are in the situation of Mn stress. However, Zhu yeqi cultivar shows greater ability of anti-Mn stress than that of Fuding cultivar. This indicated that the ability of anti-Mn stress for tea pant showed relationship with tea plant cultivar. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Studies on a Continuous Tea Roasting Multifunction Machine and its Mechanizing Technology PAN Zhou-guang, HU Jin-hua Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (2): 154-158.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.02.015 Abstract （422）      PDF（pc） （354KB）（516）       Knowledge map    Save The continuous tea roasting multifunction machine, which is designed by the authors, is consisted of thermostat, pressure control device, auto-transport device and mechanical device including pans. It characterized as small volume, light weight, simple structure, convenience manipulation and tending to pipelining. This article pays more attention to the mechanizing technology in the manufacture of flat-type tea was investigated. Results showed that the quality of Longjing tea processed by the continuous tea roasting multifunction machine is better than that of processed by hand. Thus it is a high efficient machine with developmental potential and can be applied in both large scale manufactories and small workshop. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Effects of L-theanine on Intestinal Morphology and Free Amino Acids in Mice PENG Yingqi, XIAO Wenjun, ZHANG Sheng, YUAN Dongyin, LIN Ling, ZHOU Yang, GONG Zhihua Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 43-54.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.005 Abstract （810）      PDF（pc） （996KB）（516）       Knowledge map    Save Fifty KM male mice were randomly divided into the normal, glutamine and low, medium and high dose L- theanine treatment groups with 10 mice/group. The mice were continuously fed for 28 days to investigate the effects of L-theanine on intestinal morphology and free amino acids. The results show that compared with the normal group, the intestinal villus height increased with the increase of L-theanine dosage. The duodenal villus height in each L-theanine groups, the jejunum villus height and villus height/crypt depth in the middle and high dose L-theanine groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of free amino acids in serum, urea nitrogen in high- and Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Field Application Technology of Sex Pheromone on Ectropis grisescens LUO Zongxiu, SU Liang, LI Zhaoqun, LIU Yan, CAI Xiaoming, BIAN Lei, XIN Zhaojun, CHEN Zongmao Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (2): 140-145.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.02.004 Abstract （708）      PDF（pc） （859KB）（515）       Knowledge map    Save Ectropis grisescens Warren is a severe defoliator species that seriously affects the quality and production of tea in China. In order to provide guidance for using sex pheromone of E. grisescens in the field, the effect of sex pheromone dispenser, trap type, height and interval were compared and determined. The results of field trials showed, isoprene septa dispenser was more suitable than silicone septa dispenser and PVC capillary tubing. Sticky wing trap was the most appropriate trap among five types of traps. Trap set 25βcm above tea plant, and 15βm between interval were determined as the best operational parameters to catch E. grisescens male moth. The results provided scientific basis to develop effective protocols for using the sex pheromone to attract and kill E. grisescens male moth. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Pathogenicity of Euproctis Pseudoconspersa Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus on the Larvae of Tea Tussork (Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand) LI Xiao-la, JIN Yi-wei, CHAI Yi-qiu, CHEN Guan-ju, LIU You-gao Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 265-269.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.006 Abstract （525）      PDF（pc） （524KB）（515）       Knowledge map    Save The reproduction, extraction, pathogenicity to Tea Tussork Moth and electron micrograph testing of Euproctis pseudoconspersa Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus(EpNPV) was investigated. The EpNPV was propagated through Inoculating 2~3 instar larvae of Euproctis pseudoconspersa, by raged with EpNPV at the concentration 106βPIB/ml, or inoculating 2~3 instar larvae in field condition. Inoculation the larvae with 106βPIB/ml, 107βPIB/ml, and 108βPIB/ml of EpNPV, the corrected mortalities were 43.60％, 76.13％ and 64.68％ on day 12 respectively, and reached 59.17％, 95.71％, and 95.70％ on day 14 respectively. The mortality was 78.11% on day 15 treated with EpNPV(107βPIB/ml) under field condition. Virus of the EpNPV from the field dead larvae could be watched through the electron microscope. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Inhibition of Active Compounds in Tea on Melanin Formation WANG Wei, CHEN Lin, WANG Weiwei, ZHANG Jianyong, JIANG Heyuan Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (1): 7-18.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20201209.002 Abstract （802）      PDF（pc） （15038KB）（515）       Knowledge map    Save Melanin is a kind of high molecular biological pigment. The color of skin is determined by the type and accumulation of melanin as well as the redistribution and degradation of melanosome. Solar ultraviolet radiation is the most common cause of melanin formation. Although melanin can protect skin cells from UV damage, the abnormal accumulation of melanin will lead to diseases related with melanin disorders. Therefore, the development of green, safe and efficient melanin inhibitors extracted from plants has become a research hotspot in recent years. Many studies have proved that extract or monomer compounds of tea could significantly inhibit (a) the activity of tyrosinase, (b) the growth, proliferation, infiltration and metastasis of melanocytes, (c) the occurrence of skin cancer. In this paper, the research progress of tea active compounds inhibiting melanin formation in acellular tyrosinase test system, cell test system, animal model and human skin was reviewed to fully explore the key active compounds, find a safe and efficient inhibitor of melanin synthesis and provide reference for the comprehensive utilization of tea products and increasing the added value of tea industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Full-length cDNA Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Theanine Synthetase Gene in Camellia Sinensis LI Juan, DENG Ting-ting, WU Yang, LIU Shuo-qian, LI Qin, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Jian-an Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (5): 411-418.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.05.012 Abstract （576）      PDF（pc） （696KB）（514）       Knowledge map    Save The full-length cDNA of theanine synthetase (TS, GenBank accession No.JN226569) gene of Anji white tea was cloned. The cDNA sequence has the full-length of 1503bp, and with an Open Reading Frame of 1071bp. It can encode 356 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that theanine synthetase has 356 amino acid residues, has a theoretical molecular weight of 39250.3Da and theoretical PI value of 5.79. Bioinformatics prediction showed that this protein is hydrophilic and located not within the transmembrane. There are 26 phosphorylation sites within the polypeptied chain. The signal peptide analysis showed that there is no signal peptide and no winded helix domain present within the sequence, the protein is non-secreted and it functions in the cytoplasm. This reported result about cloning full-length cDNA of theanine synthetase gene would be beneficial for using biotechnology to improve tea plant cultivar resources and regulate L-theanine level. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances of Aluminum Tolerance and Accumulation in Tea Plant LI Yong, TANG Che, ZHAO Hua, NI Dejiang Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.001 Abstract （585）      PDF（pc） （686KB）（514）       Knowledge map    Save Acidification is identified in 30%-40% arable land worldwide. Furthermore, the soil acidity is gradually serious. Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acid soils. The tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) exhibits good performance when exposed to a proper Al level, and accumulates high Al in the leaves without representative toxicity symptoms, such as growth inhibition of root tip, falling of the epidermis of root cap. Thus, tea plant is considered as an Al hyper accumulator. This review summarized the progress of Al accumulation, forms, subcellular location or distribution and its physiological responses of tea plant to Al. Additionally, the potential mechanisms and future researches related to Al tolerance or accumulation in tea plant were also discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 85-89.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.002 Abstract （248）      PDF（pc） （95KB）（514）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Sequencing of Chloroplast Genome of Camellia sinensis and Genetic Relationship for Camellia Plants Based on Chloroplast DNA Sequences CHEN Chunmei, MA Chunlei, MA Jianqiang, LIU Shengchuan, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (4): 371-380.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.04.008 Abstract （541）      PDF（pc） （1133KB）（513）       Knowledge map    Save Chloroplast genome sequences have comprehensive application prospects in species identification, phylogeny analyses and transgenic breeding. The complete chloroplast genome of Camellia sinensis cv. Longjing 43 was sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology. The study of genetic relationship for tea plant and its closely related species based on chloroplast DNA sequences trnL-trnF. The results showed that the chloroplast genome of ‘Longjing 43’ was found to be 157 096 bp in length which included a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26 080 bp, separated by a small singlecopy region of 18 283 bp and a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86 653 bp. A total of 133 predicted genes including 86 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes and 39 tRNA genes were identified. Sequence alignment of trnL-trnF for Plants were selected, the sequence of trnL-trnF ranged from 481 bp to 501 bp in length, the longest length of trnL-trnF region was 501 bp in C. tachangensis, the shortest was 481 bp in C. nitidissima. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the Sect. Thea being organized in the same clade. The results will play an important role for tea breeding and phylogenetic relationship study of tea plant and other Camellia species. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Raw Material Processing Technology on Processing Characteristic of the Green Tea Beverage YIN Jun-feng, LIN Zhi, TAN Jun-feng, YUAN Hai-bo, YU Guang-bing Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (3): 189-196.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.03.006 Abstract （603）      PDF（pc） （332KB）（513）       Knowledge map    Save Different raw materials made by different tender degree and processing technique was adopted to process green-tea beverage. The quality characteristic of beverage and the adaptability of different raw materials are studied by analyzing the dynamic changes of tea polyphenols, caffeine, amino acid, catechins, the chromaticity, the evaluation of organoleptic quality of tea beverage and a series of destructiveness experiment. A processing of raw materials which was suitable for green tea beverage was putted forward. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of 32 Tea Landraces in China LI Changle, GE Yue, YAN Meilin, LI Hui, LIN Qingqing, WANG Pu, ZHAO Hua, WANG Mingle, WANG Yu, GUO Fei, NI Dejiang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 619-630.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210804.002 Abstract （866）      PDF（pc） （1077KB）（513）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant populations are natural populations of tea plants. They are cultivated in specific production areas and contain individuals with different economic and biological traits. There are great differences among individuals and there are many types. They are important materials for studying the evolutionary relationship and breeding of tea plants. In this study, 30 pairs of SSR primers distributed on 15 linkage groups were selected to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 32 tea plant populations from 12 provinces, in order to provide a reference for the selection of tea breeding parents and the inference of evolution route. In this study, a total of 149 alleles were obtained with an average of 5.96 for each SSR marker. The average polymorphism information content of primers was 0.660. Shannon's diversity index of 32 tea populations ranged from 0.691 to 1.089, with an average of 0.954. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.253 to 0.633, with an average of 0.510. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.430 to 0.653, with an average of 0.590. The average genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) of tea plant population was 0.205, indicating a high level of genetic differentiation. The results of clustering based on Nei's genetic distance and population structure analysis were consistent. The germplasm to be tested was divided into 4 major types, with obvious regional distribution. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Root Growth and Organic Acid Secretion of Tea Plants Affected by Phosphorus and Aluminum Interaction ZHOU Beini, MEI Huiling, LI Jianjie, CHEN Lingli, ZHONG Qing, LI Xiaoqian, CHEN Xuan, LI Xinghui Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 819-827.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.006 Abstract （486）      PDF（pc） （1247KB）（513）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of phosphorus-aluminum interaction on the growth of tea plants, phosphorus and aluminum interaction treatments with three aluminum concentrations and five phosphorus concentrations were set to analyze the changes in root growth, secretion of organic acids and uptake of phosphorus and aluminum in tea plants. The results show that both low phosphorus (0.01 mmol∙L-1) and high aluminum (1 mmol∙L-1) significantly promoted the growth of new roots in tea plants, and the number of root tips, root length, average diameter and increase of dry matter in new roots reached the maximum under the combined treatment of low phosphorus and high aluminum. High aluminum was able to restore the growth of new roots impeded by high phosphorus (0.5 mmol∙L-1) conditions. In addition to the high phosphorus treatment (0.5 mmol∙L-1), increasing the concentration of phosphorus or aluminum in the environment could significantly promote their accumulation in the roots of tea plants. Within a certain range, phosphorus significantly promoted the accumulation of aluminum in shoots. However, aluminum inhibited the accumulation of phosphorus in shoots when phosphorus was sufficient (>0.05 mmol∙L-1). When phosphorus was sufficient, high aluminum promoted the secretion of oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid. Phosphorus application promoted the secretion of citric acid, while low phosphorus promoted the secretion of oxalic acid and malic acid. Low phosphorus and high aluminum synergistically promoted the secretion of malic acid. The results of two-way ANOVA show that phosphorus and aluminum concentrations and their interaction had highly significant effects on root length, root tip number, phosphorus and aluminum uptake and organic acid secretion in tea plants (p<0.01), which showed that phosphorus and aluminum interaction can affect root growth and organic acid secretion of tea plants significantly. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Protective Effect of Fuzhuan Brick Tea on H2O2-Induced Cellular Oxidative Damage in LLC-PK1 Cells SONG Jia-le Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (6): 539-542.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.06.004 Abstract （557）      PDF（pc） （508KB）（512）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract from Fuzhuan brick tea (FTE) on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells. Various concentration (10~200μg/mL) of FTE were pre-incubated with LLC-PK1 cells for 24h, and then exposed to H2O2 (500μmol/L) for 4h. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were determined by colorimetric assay according to the protocols of the commercial kit. The cell viabilities of H2O2 treated LLC-PK1 cells were increased, and the contents of MDA were decreased after 24h pre-incubated with different concentrations of FTE. In addition, the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GSH-px) levels were also increased in FTE compared with H2O2 treated group. There was statistical significant difference between the FTE treated groups and untreated H2O2 treated groups (all P<0.05). Those results suggested that pre-incubated with FTE showed a protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Optimization Study of Tea Winnowing Machine ZHONG Jiang, HUANG Jian-hong, YANG Tao, ZHANG Xian, ZHAO Zhang-feng Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (6): 576-583.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.004 Abstract （658）      PDF（pc） （1056KB）（512）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the quality of tea wind-selecting, tea particles’ running track and indoor flow state of winnowing room were studied by the methods of theoretical analysis and fluid dynamics simulation, and combined with experimental verification. The results showed that the effective drift distance between particles of different weight is greater than the other air velocity distribution program when the air velocity distribution near wind crossing was set at rising from the top to the bottom. Vortexes are found in winnowing room due to structural reasons. Trajectory of tea in No. 4 and No. 5 export is more susceptible to the disturbance of the vortex because of its weight. Vortex could be decreased by using spoiler, which will also reduce the proportion of mixed tea and improve the winnowing quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 103-107.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.006 Abstract （264）      PDF（pc） （107KB）（512）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Screeining and Identification of the Endophytic Bacterial Strain Against Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria of Tea Plant HUANG Xiaoqin, ZHANG Lixia, LIU Huixiang, CHEN Zongmao, LI Duochuan Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (1): 97-102.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.018 Abstract （462）      PDF（pc） （1092KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Save In order to protect the tea plant against freezing injury, the screening of antagonistic bacteria against INA bacteria No. 8 (Pantoea ananatis) and No. 14 (P. agglomerans) isolated from tea plant was carried out in Shandong Province. The strain Y1,an antagonistic bacteria against INA bacteria was isolated from the endophytic bacteria strains of tea plant. Based on the morphological characteristics and 16βS rDNA sequence analysis, the strain Y1 was identified as the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Through this study, the endophytic bacteria strain against the ice nucleation bacteria was obtained and identefied, it will be beneficial to the development of the biological control of ice nucleation bacterial. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research of Quality Features and Aroma Components in Hunan Fu Brick Tea SHEN Chengwen, DENG Yuezhao, ZHOU Yuebin, QI Dongqing, HE Qun, TIAN Shuanghong, LIN Juan Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (1): 38-48.   Abstract （559）      PDF（pc） （1071KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Save The variations of quality characteristics and aroma components in 15 typical Hunan Fu brick teas were studied by combined simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and GC-MS techniques, sensory evaluation and chemical analysis. Results of sensory evaluation indicated that the main feature of Fu brick tea was fungus fragrance. Some Fu brick teas had a slight taste of retting and smoke, and were not pure enough. GC-MS analysis showed that the alcohol content was the highest (23.01%), followed by acids (18.8%) Ketones (11.10%), aldehydes (9.20%), esters (4.28%), hydrocarbons (3.78%), other categories (2.67%), phenols (0.07) and heterocyclic oxygen compounds (1.06%). Moreover, the main chemical components of Fu brick tea included polyphenols (averagely 10.88%), amino acids (0.66%), caffeine (3.83%), soluble sugar (7.27%) and water extract (31.19%). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Contents of Caffeine and Catechin in Guizhou Green Tea LI Jun, GUO Xiao-guan, PANG Hong-yu, ZHU Fu-jian, WANG Zhen, LAI Fei Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (6): 480-484.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.06.010 Abstract （784）      PDF（pc） （594KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Save Contents of caffeine and catechin of 243 green tea samples from Guizhou province are detected, using high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). The results show that, the catechin contents range 9.14%~27.28% in green tea of Guizhou province, the average content is 15.71%. The caffeine contents range 1.08%~3.33%, the average content is 2.24%. The catechin quality indexes of samples from 9 regions mainly are 1000~2000, and the highest one (the sample is from Qiannan) is 1975.51. The catechin bitter taste index of samples from 9 regions mainly are 8.00~17.04．According to the results, there is high value for making use of effective components of Guizhou green tea, and developing high quality spring tea is strongly recommended, and relatively the autumn tea is suitable for deep processing or extracting active principles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Study on Blood Glucose-Depressing and Blood Lipid-Depressing Function of Pu’er Tea by High Throughput Screening Method ZHANG Dong-ying, LIU Zhong-hua, SHI Zhao-peng, LIU Ya-lin, FU Dong-he Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 49-53.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.008 Abstract （612）      PDF（pc） （401KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Save Discovering the active substances of Pu’er Tea on blood glucose depressing and blood lipid-depressing function was studied by high throughput screening method. In this experiment, SMMC-7721 cells were used as the model, the screening concentration of samples was established at to 50βμg/ml, and the activity of Pu’er Tea on activing PPARα、PPARδ、PPARγ was screening. The result showed that Pu’er Tea ethanol extract can active PPARδand may be have the function of lowering blood glucose and blood lipid depressing function. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsPPH Gene in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) ZHOU Zhe, CHEN Zhidan, WU Quanjin, XU Yilan, SUN Weijiang Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 39-50.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200117.007 Abstract （735）      PDF（pc） （1572KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Save Pheophytinase (PPH) is a key enzyme in chlorophyll degradation. It can convert pheophytin a into pheophorbide a, which is the last product to keep green in chlorophyll degradation pathway. This step is considered to be a key step of leaf senescence and yellowing. In this study, the full-length sequence of CsPPH gene was cloned from the new shoot leaves of albino tea plant Camellia sinensis cv. Baijiguan (MK359094), and its biological characteristics were analyzed. The full-length of CsPPH was 1 298 bp, and the ORF was 1 241 bp, encoding 413 amino acids. Sequence analysis indicated that the encoded protein was a stable hydrophobic protein, and its molecular weight was predicted to be 45 741.50 Da. Its theoretical isoelectric point was 6.12. It was mainly located in chloroplasts. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that under shading conditions, the expression of CsPPH was inhibited, chlorophyll increased and leaf color turned green. Light promoted the expression of CsPPH in leaves of cv. Baijiguan, and chlorophyll degradation led to leaf albinism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Catalytic Function, Promoter Structure and Functional Analysis of CsNUDX1-cyto in Different Tea Cultivars YANG Jihong, ZHOU Hanchen, XU Yujie Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 621-630.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.001 Abstract （409）      PDF（pc） （1842KB）（509）       Knowledge map    Save Geraniol is an important monoterpenoid in tea plants, and its accumulation varies greatly among different tea cultivars. The recent study shows that CsNUDX1-cyto is responsible for the production of geraniol and its glycosides in tea plants. In order to explore the differences in the catalytic function and regulation of CsNUDX1-cyto in different tea cultivars, this study analyzed the differences in the accumulation of geraniol and expression patterns of CsNUDX1-cyto, and analyzed the differences in the catalytic function, promoter structure and function of CsNUDX1-cyto in seven tea cultivars. The result shows that CsNUDX1-cyto expression was positively correlated with geraniol content (r=0.805). The content of geranyl in fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (CSS) was significantly higher than that in C. sinensis var. assamica (CSA) cultivars. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system shows that CsNUDX1-cyto of different tea cultivars could promote the biosynthesis of geraniol. Analysis of promoter activity shows that CsNUDX1-cyto promoter had the weakest activity in ‘Yunkang 10’, and the structural analysis shows that the promoter of CsNUDX1-cyto in ‘Yunkang 10’ had an 185 base sequence insertion at the transcription start site -33, making the enhancing element CAAT-box located at -133 (CAAT-boxes in other cultivars were located at -47). The results of this study indicate that CsNUDX1-cyto in different tea cultivars could promote geraniol biosynthesis, but the genetic diversity of the promoter region results in differences in its expression level. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Advance in the Study on the Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Pu-erh Tea LU Hai-peng, GU Ji-ping, LIN Zhi, GUO Li, TAN Jun-feng, PENG Qun-hua Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (1): 8-18.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.01.002 Abstract （886）      PDF（pc） （489KB）（508）       Knowledge map    Save The health function of Pu-erh tea, such as anti-atherogenic、hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effect，has attracted much attention. This paper reviews the chemical composition and biological activity of Pu-erh tea, and discusses the substance basis of biological activty as well as the possible mechanism accordingly. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Evaluation of the Stability of EGCG-Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Selenium Absorption and Utilization WANG Le, LI Huan, LI Jiahao, CHEN Xuan, LI Xinghui, SUN Kang Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 373-382.   Abstract （642）      PDF（pc） （1893KB）（508）    PDF（mobile） （1893KB）（99）    Knowledge map    Save (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) dispersed Selenium nanoparticles (EGCG-SeNPs) were prepared using vitamin C (Vc) and EGCG as the redox agent and dispersant. Characteristics of EGCG-SeNPs, which were determined using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zetasizer, were spherical in shape with a mean diameter of (35±0.12)βnm and -0.05βmV zeta potential. The particles were aggregated in strong acid and high temperature conditions (pH1.0 and 70℃), with the particle size increased by about 10 times. And, EGCG in EGCG-SeNPs had good stability as a dispersant. With the administration of 25, 50 and 100βμg·kg-1 (Calculated with selenium content), selenium content in liver and kidney of 50 and 100βμg·kg-1 sodium selenite and EGCG-SeNPs treated mice were significantly increased. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in serum, liver and kidney of all the treatment groups were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, there was no significant difference between sodium selenite and EGCG-SeNPs at the same dose on selenium content and GPx activity. Hence, it can be concluded that EGCG-SeNPs synthesized using Vc as the redox agent might have the similar bioavailability to sodium selenite. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparative Study on Component Characteristics and Inhibitory Activities on α-glucosidase of Theabrownin from Fuzhuan Brick Tea HE Guowen, ZHONG Tongsheng, PENG Xiaoyun, LONG Liping, ZHAO Yunlin, ZHANG Weimin Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 102-110.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.013 Abstract （564）      PDF（pc） （1311KB）（507）       Knowledge map    Save By using Fuzhuan brick tea as raw material, five kinds of theabrownin with different molecular weight (≤3.5 kDa、3.5-25 kDa、25-50 kDa、50-100 kDa and ≥100 kDa) have been obtained by membrane separation technology. The spectral and physicochemical properties and inhibition on the α-glucosidase activity of theabrownins were comparative studied. The results showed 39 components from pyrolysis of Fuzhuan theabrownines were identified. The results showed that the theabrownins possessed the advantageous hypoglycemic effect. Effects of biological activity influenced by the total content of acidic group, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, polysaccharide and protein. Five kinds of theabrownin belong to phenolic compounds containing hydroxyl, alkyl, carboxyl and phenyl, and showed a characteristic absorption peak at the 230 nm in UV-vis spectrum. The polysaccharide contents increased with the increase of theabrownin molecular weight, while the protein decreased. The theabrownin with molecular weight 25-50 kDa showed highest inhibition rate to α-glucosidase, which is equivalent of 1.9 times to that of acarbose. It is suggested that the Fuzhuan brick theabrownine is a benzene substance containing polyphenols, polysaccharides and proteins, which constitute a half chair or the chair conformation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Repellency and Fumigant Activity of Essential Oil from Invasive Plant (Ageratum conyzoides) against Leafhopper (Empoasca onukii) WANG Qizhi, LIU Yumei, LI Shuming Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (5): 442-448.   Abstract （428）      PDF（pc） （702KB）（506）       Knowledge map    Save The biological activity of essential oil from the invasive plant species Ageratum conyzoides L. to leafhopper Empoasca onukii Matsuda was reported in this study. The effects of essential oil concentrations on E. onukii were also investigated by selecting different plants and using Y-tube olfactometer and modified fumigation methods. The chemical composition of essential oil was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and their relative activities was also analyzed. The results indicated that essential oil concentrations from A. conyzoides had significant effects on fumigant and repellent properties against E. onukii. High concentrations of essential oil displayed significant powerful effects. At an oil concentration of 200βμL·mL-1, the repellent rate was 100%. At concentrations of 100βμL·mL-1 and 50βμL·mL-1, the repellent rates were 91.67%±1.67% and 76.67%±1.67%, respectively. At a concentration of 5βμL·mL-1, the fumigant mortality rate at 12βh was 100%. Twenty-four essential oil constituents were identified, with the major constituents being β-caryophyllene (61.53%), precocene I (11.09%), and precocene II (7.79%). Main synergistic composition could effectively increase the repellency and fumigant activity against E. onukii. The results showed that the essential oil of A. conyzoides had significant effects against E. onukii and potential benefits as a botanical pesticide to control E. onukii. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Influence of Extrusion Parameters on Crude Fiber in the Extruded Green Tea Leaves WANG Bo, YE Yang, ZHOU Xiao-fen, QIAN Yuan-feng Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (1): 29-36.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.01.004 Abstract （528）      PDF（pc） （588KB）（505）       Knowledge map    Save Extruded green tea leave processed with a twin screw extruder, using response surface design method to establish the regression model between the moisture content of material, feeding speed, rotational speed of screw, temperature of barrel and the content of crude fiber in the green tea leaves. The results showed that the significance of parameters on the content of crude fiber in the green tea dregs was decreased according to the order of rotational speed of screw>temperature of barrel>feeding speed>moisture content of material. The optimal parameters of low content of crude fiber in the green tea dregs were as follows: moisture content of material 70%, feeding speed rotational 90r/min, speed of screw 90r/min and temperature of barrel 50℃. At this point, the content of crude fiber in the tea dregs was around 15%, compared with the raw materials before extrusion, the content of crude fiber decreased 3%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8) Select Effects of Tea Types and Adding Quantity on the Quality of Preserved Egg LUI Yan, LUO Can, OU Yang-yuan, DU Jin-ping Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (2): 116-124.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.02.001 Abstract （814）      PDF（pc） （738KB）（504）       Knowledge map    Save Pickle preserved egg with immersion method, study the effects of tea type and concentration on the quality of preserved eggs. The results indicated that, preserved egg made by adding three percent of black tea, the egg white is transparent, bronzing, elastic, easy to depart from the shell and have a high chewiness. The egg yolk is invisible green, small watery center, the color layer are obvious and uniformity, the flavor is good, pH value and total alkalinity are in line with the national standard, and have a relatively high content of free amino acid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Journal of Tea Science    2000, 20 (02): 89-94.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2000.01.003 Abstract （272）      PDF（pc） （1951KB）（504）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select The Vertical Characteristics of Soil Humus in Different Soil Types of Tea Garden WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, YOU Zhiming, WU Zhidan, JIANG Fuying, WENG Boqi, ZHANG Wenjin Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 263-270.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.009 Abstract （568）      PDF（pc） （844KB）（504）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the field survey and laboratory analysis, the soil humus composition in five soil types (yellow soil, red earth, moisture sandy soil, alpine meadow soil and purple soil) of tea garden in Wuyishan city were investigated. The results showed that the content of humic acid(HA), fulvic acid(FA) and Humin(HM) decreased with the soil depth. There were significant differences of humus composition among different soil types. The humus composition and carbon level in alpine meadow soil of tea garden were significantly higher than those in other soil types, followed by those in yellow soil and purple soil, the lowest was in red soil. Humin was the main composition of humus(57.06%-79.76%). Except alpine meadow soil, the proportion FA were more than those in HA. The △log K and E4/E6 value of FA was higher than HA. The △log K and E4/E6 value in alpine meadow soil and red soil were the lowest and highest, respectively. The soil humus composition were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon and phenol contents, total N, soil bulk density and soil porosity, but no significant correlated with C/N, pH value and soil moister. Thus, the major type of humus was humin in all five kinds of tea garden soils,alpine meadow soil belonged to the humic acid type soil, and others belonged to fulvic acid enriched soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Progress in Plant Cold-stress-responsive miRNAs and the Application in Cold Resistance Research of Camellia sinensis ZHU Quan-wu, FAN Kai, XIE Yan-lan, DONG Ji-fen, Zhan Yu-wen, LUO Yao-ping Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (3): 212-220.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.03.007 Abstract （588）      PDF（pc） （713KB）（503）       Knowledge map    Save MiRNAs(MicroRNAs) negatively regulate the expression of gene by targeting mRNA for cleavage or translational repression in a sequence-complementary dependent manner. Plant miRNAs not only involved in the regulation of growth and development but also played an important role in response to cold as well as other abiotic stresses. This article described plant miRNAs biogenesis and mechanism, and analyzed the effect of miRNAs in gene regulatory networks under cold stress. The knowledge for understanding the role of cold-stress-responsive miRNAs and the new ideas for improving cold tolerance of Camellia sinensis were provided in the paper. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study and Application on the Full-automatic Production Line of Half Baking Green Tea ZHENG Hong-fa, TANG Zhe, BAO Xiao-cun, HUANG Huai-sheng, ZHAO Xi, ZHOU Jian-yong, ZHU Ke-jun Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (5): 473-481.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.05.006 Abstract （508）      PDF（pc） （1131KB）（503）       Knowledge map    Save Based on comparatively backward status of processing technology of half baking green tea, the investigation of full-automatic processing technology and the development of complete set equipment were conducted since 2007. The full-automatic production line of half baking green tea was developed through the investigation of systematic processing technology, single equipment reforming and the innovation of automatic control technology. The production line has been pplied successfully and realized a breakthrough from traditional technology to modern technology of half baking green tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Antibiotics Inhibition to Agrobaceterium Rhizogenes and Effect to Tea Multiple Shoots YANG Yaping, LI Yonglan, LIANG Yuerong, LU Jianliang, ZHENG Xinqiang Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (5): 437-442.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.005 Abstract （578）      PDF（pc） （546KB）（503）       Knowledge map    Save Effects of three antibiotics on inhibition of Agrobacterium Rhizogenes LBA4404 and 15834, bud formation and growth of tea plant were studied. The results showed that cefotaxime sodium and timentin can completely inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium LBA9402 and 15834, however, carbenicillin only inhibit LBA9402 bacterium but not 15834 bacterium. Bud regeneration and growth are significantly inhibited by cefotaxime sodium and carbenicillin treatment. There is no significant difference between Timentin (≤400βmg·L-1) treatment and control without antibiotics on bud regeneration and growth of tea culture seedlings. Timentin is a good alternative antibiotic to eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens in tea plant genetic transformation system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Differences in Ligand-binding Function and Mode of the Antennal High-abundance Odorant-binding Proteins EoblOBP9 and EoblOBP11 of the Tea Geometrid, Ectropis obliqua Prout YAN Yuting, WU Fan, ZHANG Yali, FU Xiaobin, CUI Hongchun, HAN Baoyu, LI Hongliang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 643-653.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.05.002 Abstract （631）      PDF（pc） （1230KB）（503）       Knowledge map    Save As an important lepidopteran pest in tea gardens, the male and female adults of Ectropis obliqua Prout can perceive and distinguish the chemical information of the external environment through the olfactory system, which helps its behaviors such as mating and selection of oviposition locations. In this process, Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) highly expressed in the antennae of adults may play an important role. In view of this, this study focused on the two OBPs high expressed in the antennae of the adult tea geometrid, namely EoblOBP9 and EoblOBP 11. First, it was found that both EoblOBP9 and EoblOBP11 contain six conserved cysteines, the typical characteristics of the OBPs family, while the isoelectric points are predicted to be acidic and basic, respectively, indicating their difference in the primary structural properties. Both recombinant proteins were obtained using prokaryotic expression technology, and the corresponding polyclonal antibodies were prepared by immunizing mice. It was verified that they were indeed expressed specifically in the antennae of male adults by Western blot. Their binding abilities with 20 candidate ligands were tested by fluorescence competitive binding experiments, and the results show that both of them were compatible with the two sex pheromone components (Z3,Z9-6,7-epo-18: Hy and Z3,Z6,Z9-18: Hy) and a plant volatile component (trans-2-hexenal) has a strong affinity. Meanwhile, two OBPs also showed different ligand binding spectra. For example, EoblOBP9 had a strong affinity with 1-penten-3-ol, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone and benzaldehyde, indicating that the binding profiles were wider; while EoblOBP11 had a strong affinity with α-terpineol with a more specific binding mode. Molecular docking analysis also supports this conclusion. In addition, it was predicted that the active sites of both proteins are located at the C-terminus, which also shows the commonality of ligand binding. In conclusion, this study shows that although both OBPs were specifically expressed in the adult tea geometrid with high abundance, they are both conservative and different in terms of structural properties and biochemical binding profiles. The general characters and significant differences are coexist, showing the high abundance and diversities of the OBPs. This can also explain an adaptation mechanism of the tea geometrid olfactory system in the face of the complex and changeable external environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Intergative Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Vitamin C on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Hyperuricemic Mice XU Yan, CAI Xiaqiang, XIE Qianjin, TAI Lingling, LIU Zenghui Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 407-414.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.011 Abstract （856）      PDF（pc） （1457KB）（502）       Knowledge map    Save KM male mice were used as subjects of the study. Yeast extracts (7.5 g·kg-1) and potassium oxonate (250 mg·kg-1) were administered to establish the hyperuricemic mice model. The study aimed to investigate the integrative effect of EGCG and vitamin C (Vc) on serum uric acid levels of hyperuricemic mice. Mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6): blank group, model group, allopurinol group, EGCG group, EGCG + Vc group and Vc group. The biochemical indexes of mice were measured after 7 d of continuous administration. The results show that the serum uric acid (UA), serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) of EGCG + Vc group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P<0.001). The combination of EGCG and Vc could remarkably inhibited the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) in the liver (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and significantly down-regulated the expression of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in the kidney (P<0.001). The results of kidney slices indicated that EGCG + Vc could obviously improve the damages to the kidney in hyperuricemic mice. In addition, the integrative effect of EGCG + Vc on hyperuricemic mice was better than that of EGCG. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in Tea Leaf Samples LI Jing-mei, YU Hui, JU Dian-min, WANG Yi Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 76-78.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.013 Abstract （372）      PDF（pc） （328KB）（502）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of Nitrate Transporter NRT1.1 Gene in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis (L.)) YANG Yiyang, HU Yunfei, WAN Qing, LI Ronglin, WANG Feng, RUAN Jianyun Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (5): 505-512.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.05.009 Abstract （706）      PDF（pc） （845KB）（502）       Knowledge map    Save A full length cDNA sequence of Nitrate transport gene (NRT1.1) was obtained from tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.)) cultivar ‘Longjing 43’ by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR (RACE-PCR). The length of nucleotide sequence of this gene was 1 880 bp, containing a complete open reading frame (1 788 bp) to encode 595 amino acids. The putative protein had an isoelectric point of 8.99 and a calculated molecular weight of 65.9 kD. CsNRT1.1 was highly homologous to the gene NRT1.1 in Vitis vinifera by sequence alignment. Several parameters of these sequences, including sequences composition, physicochemical property, topological structure of transmembrane regions, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, subcellular localization were predicted by bioinformatics tools. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of CsNRT1.1 in roots and leaves were inhibited after incubation in 1 mol·L-1 NO3- for 5 min. The expressions of CsNRT1.1 in roots were always lower than that of CK within 24 h. Its expressions in leaves were higher than those in roots with its peak Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Diversity of Mature Leaves of Tea Germplasms Based on Image Features CHEN Qiyu, MA Jianqiang, CHEN Jiedan, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 649-660.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.002 Abstract （522）      PDF（pc） （737KB）（501）       Knowledge map    Save The genetic diversity of tea germplasm in China is an important basis for its effective utilization. In this study, the genetic diversity of tea germplasm in China was elucidated by statistical analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis of 18 image features of mature leaves from 504 tea germplasm accessions preserved in China National Germplasm Hangzhou Tea Repository. The results show that the coefficient of variation and genetic diversity index of this population were 15.97% and 1.98, respectively. Among different provinces, the average coefficient of variation was the largest in Fujian province, which was 16.29%. The data of Jiangsu province was on the bottom, accounting for 10.58%. Zhejiang province had the highest average genetic diversity index at 2.01. The average genetic diversity index of Chongqing municipality reached the lowest point, occupying 1.67. The dimension of 18 image features were streamlined by principal component analysis and characterized into 4 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 82.63%, and 12 image features were screened out from 18 image features with significant differences. According to the image features, the tea germplasms were clustered into 6 groups. The results provided a theoretical basis and reference for further exploration and utilization of tea germplasm in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Effect Measurement of the Integration Development of Tea Industry and Tourism Industry in Yangtze River Delta WEI Nixi, XIANG Guopeng Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 731-742.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210804.003 Abstract （674）      PDF（pc） （1109KB）（499）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019, the integration effect of tea industry and tourism industry in the Yangtze River Delta was measured by the coupling coordination degree model. The results show that the comprehensive development level of tea industry and tourism industry in the Yangtze River Delta had been continuously improved, but there were some differences between the two industries. The staged and regional imbalance of tea industry development was prominent, while the regional synergy effect of tourism industry was significant. The synchronous characteristics of tea industry and tourism industry in the Yangtze River Delta were obvious, and the trend of industrial convergence was obvious. However, the rising trend of coupling coordination degree was slow. As a whole, there was a long way to go to promote the benign interaction and high-quality integration development of tea tourism industry system in the Yangtze River Delta. Finally, the countermeasures for the integration of tea industry and tourism industry in Yangtze River Delta were put forward. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Green, Black and Fu Brick Tea Aqueous Extracts on the Characteristics of Intestinal Microbiota during in vitro Fermentation HOU Aixiang, YAN Daomin, SUN Jingwen, ZHENG Xu, LI Saidan, XIAO Runhua, BEI Shuang Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 403-414.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.005 Abstract （1061）      PDF（pc） （539KB）（499）       Knowledge map    Save In order to demonstrate the interaction effect of different tea aqueous extracts and intestinal microorganisms, anaerobic fermentation in vitro by the intestinal bacteria from healthy college students’ feces were conducted in this study. Traditional culture techniques and gas chromatography technology were employed to study the changes of pH, short-chain fatty acids and intestinal microbes in different tea aqueous extracts (green, black and Fu brick tea) during 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and calculate the prebiotic index PI and B/E values (Bifidobacterium/Enterobacterium). The results show that the tea aqueous extracts significantly decreased the pH value compared with the blank control group, and the biggest drop was identified in the Fu brick tea group. Besides, the tea aqueous extracts significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids. Green tea had the largest increase in acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, iso-pentanoic acid, pentanoic acid and total short-chain fatty acids, while Fu brick tea had the largest increase in butyric acid. All three kinds of tea aqueous extracts could affect the composition of intestinal microorganisms, promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium and inhibited the growth of Bacteroides, Enterobacterium and clostridium. Fu brick tea group had the largest promoting effect on Bifidobacterium, had the most obvious inhibiting effect on Enterobacterium and clostridium, and green tea group had the largest inhibiting effect on Bacteroides. However, both green and black tea groups could promote the growth of Lactobacillus, while Fu brick tea group showed inhibition of Lactobacillus growth. In addition, by analyzing PI value and B/E value, It was found that green, black and Fu brick teas had the function as probiotics. The largest PI value at the 4 h stage appeared in fu brick tea, while the largest PI value at the 8 h, 12 h and 24 h stages appeared in green tea. the largest B/E value throughout the fermentation process appeared in Fu brick tea group. This study provided basic data and scientific basis for the further expansion and promotion of different teas in the youth consumption market. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Tea Polyphenol-incorporated Soy Protein Isolate Film-coating on Fresh Preservation of Sweet Cherry LIU Kai-hua, ZHANG Yu-hang, XING Shu-jie Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 67-73.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.014 Abstract （500）      PDF（pc） （912KB）（499）       Knowledge map    Save ：Tea polyphenol was added to the soy protein isolate and the tea polyphenol-incorporated soy protein isolate antibacterial film-coating was made. In order to study the effect of the film-coating on fresh preservation of sweet cherry, the changes of sensory index, firmness, rotting index, soluble solid and vitamin C content of sweet cherry treated with the film-coating were studied during the storage under the room temperature. The results indicated that the film-coating could significantly reduce the rotting rate of sweet cherry to a certain extent, delay the decline of the fruit’s firmness, vitamin C and soluble solid content, inhibit the decline of sensory index and keep storage quality of sensory. It was found that film-coating made with 5% soy protein isolate blended with 200βmg/kg tea polyphenol achieved the best preservation effect on sweet cherry, which can prolong the shelf life from 2βd to 8βd as compared with the control under the room temperature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Physiological Characteristics of Tea Plants Under Cold Stress WANG Yingzi, LI Yinhua, CHEN Jinhua, LIU Zhonghua, HUANG Jian'an Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 335-341.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.011 Abstract （834）      PDF（pc） （647KB）（499）    PDF（mobile） （647KB）（13）    Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the alleviation effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on tea rooted cuttings under cold stress, artificial climate chamber was used to simulate cold stress on tea rooted cuttings. The effects of SNP on membrane lipid peroxidation, osmotic adjustment substance and antioxidant activity of biennial ‘Bixiangzao’ rooted cuttings under cold stress were studied by foliar spray of SNP. The results show that suitable SNP concentration treatment could reduce the relative conductivity of tea leaves, inhibit the elevated malondialdehyde content, promote the accumulation of proline, soluble protein and sugar, and increase the superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, thereby alleviate the damage of cold stress on tea leaves. In addition, the optimal concentration of SNP was 200 μmol?L-1. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on Germplasms of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) MA Jianqiang, YAO Mingzhe, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (1): 11-16.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.003 Abstract （741）      PDF（pc） （502KB）（498）       Knowledge map    Save Tea germplasms are the necessary material bases for tea breeding, genetic research and production, as well as the drivers of sustainable development for tea industry. In this paper, the research progress on tea plant germplasm resources, including collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization, was reviewed, and the problems existed in the research on tea plant germplasm resources in China were proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis on the Achievements of Tea Science and Technology Awards at Provincial and Ministerial Level and above in China from 2008 to 2019 XIONG Xingping, ZHANG Xinzhong, LI Hongbin, SUN Liang, YAO Mingzhe Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 608-618.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210917.001 Abstract （966）      PDF（pc） （1013KB）（498）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the national, provincial and ministerial science and technology awards in the field of tea science in China from 2008 to 2019, statistical analyses on the award, grade, year of award, the first completed person, the first completed unit, the main research fields, and the cooperation between industry, university and research unit were performed. The current status, characteristics and support trends of tea science and technology awards in China were clarified, aiming to provide ideas for Chinese tea science and technology personnel to cultivate achievement, determine scientific research topics and apply for awards. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of ‘Eurotium cristatum Loose Tea’ and ‘Eurotium cristatum Powder’ on the Expressions of JAK2/STAT3 Inflammation and Phosphorylated Proteins in Lung Tissue of Passive Smoking Mice ZENG Hongzhe, HUANG Xiangxiang, YU Lijun, ZHOU Yufei, XU Shuai, QU Furong Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 165-172.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.003 Abstract （766）      PDF（pc） （1655KB）（498）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the prevention and recovery mechanism of ‘Eurotium cristatum Loose Tea’ and its ‘Eurotium cristatum powder’ on mouse lung tissues which were injured by passive smoking, passive cigarette smoking environment (CSE) model on SPF C57BL/6 female mice were established. Mice were fed by 600 mg∙kg-1 Eurotium cristatum tea extract (ECTE) and Eurotium cristatum powder extract (ECPE). Comparing with the CSE model mice, the morphology integrity of lung tissue in passive smoking mice feeding with ECPE and ECTE were significantly protected by observing the pathological slice of lung tissue. The up-regulation levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α in the serum of mice were inhibited by ELISA analysis. Western blot results show that the expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 in lung tissues of passive smoking mice fed with ECPE and ECTE were inhibited. These results reveal the prominent protective roles of ECPE and ECTE in the lung injury of passive smoking mice. As a whole, ECPE feeding groups were superior to ECTE feeding groups, while prevention groups were better than treatment groups. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Optimization Research on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Camellia Sinensis ZHOU Jian, CHENG Hao, WANG Li-yuan Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (3): 172-176.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.03.003 Abstract （685）      PDF（pc） （291KB）（498）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of different hormone on proliferation and growth of tea tissue culture seedlings were investigated, and an optimal culture medium of MS + BA 2.0 + NAA 0.1 + GA3 3.0βmg/L was screened out. On this optimal medium, the proliferation rate of tea cultured buds was 2.75 times after 30’s incubation. And more than 20% of those buds could developed to seedlings higher than 5βcm. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Extracting Process of Teasaponin and the Application in Detergent LI Yun-tao, JIA Bin Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (3): 199-203.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.03.009 Abstract （524）      PDF（pc） （248KB）（497）       Knowledge map    Save A teasaponin is extracted from the tea seed, and then a well-behaved washing assistant is prepared by the teasaponin blended with sodium perborate. The influencing factor in the different extract method, and the application results were investigation. Results indicates, in the experiment terms, a satisfactory result were attained, under the experimental condition, and the detergent showed a good application results. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(21) Select The Genetic Variation of the Chemical Components of the ‘Jinxuan' × ‘Zijuan' F1 Segregating Population Based on UPLC LIU Qingshuai, QU Furong, WEI Mengyuan, ZHONG Hong, WANG Yi, CHEN Liang, JIN Jiqiang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (1): 29-40.   Abstract （456）      PDF（pc） （988KB）（497）       Knowledge map    Save In order to innovate new germplasms with high methylated catechins, a F1 segregating population was constructed with ‘Jinxuan' and ‘Zijuan' as parents. At the same time, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method was established to analyze the metabolite content and genetic variation of individual plants in the population. Our study found that most metabolites conformed to the normal and slightly steep distribution. The coefficient of variations were between 20% and 30%. There was a clear heterosis and several individual plants rich in methylated catechins were selected from the population. It also found that the contents of most metabolites in autumn were higher than those in spring, and the amount of total catechins decreased with the purple degree of leaves. The UPLC technology established in this study would provide a more efficient determination method for the future identification and screening of elite tea germplasms and breeding materials. The genetic variation of the chemical components of the ‘Jinxuan' בZijuan' F1 segregating population identified in this study also provided an important foundation for the high functional component breeding and discovery of genes governing traits through forward genetics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Gallic Acid in Puer Tea and Its Improvement of Diet Induced Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorder WANG Shaomei, LI Xiaojun, SONG Wenming, PAN Lianyun Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 431-440.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.04.001 Abstract （1058）      PDF（pc） （327KB）（496）       Knowledge map    Save The disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism is one of the important causes of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and fatty liver. Gallic acid of Puer tea can ameliorate diet induced glucose and lipid metabolism disorder through regulating energy metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, promoting glucose absorption and utilization, and increasing insulin sensitivity. Gallic acid regulates mitochondrial energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity and glucose absorption to maintain glucose and lipid metabolism homeostasis through AMPK and IR-Akt pathway and PPAR gamma receptor. In this review, we summarized gallic acid in Puer tea and its mechanism to improve the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism induced by diet. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Application of Three-dimensional Vial Fermentation Technology of Puer Tea TIAN Haixia, WEI Zhenzhen, MA Yue, LI Song, DAI Shen, LIU Haixin, HAO Binxiu Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 577-587.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.006 Abstract （540）      PDF（pc） （1321KB）（496）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the clean processing conditions and the automatic level of post-fermented Puer tea, three-dimensional vial fermentation technology (TVFT) was developed. Using this technology, the traditional large batch of fermentation materials was divided into independent small units, packaged in vials. Equipped with automatic control system, loading, fermentation and discharging were completed by assembly line, without turning over the pile and replenishing water in the fermentation process, fermentation temperature and humidity were accurately controlled, the problems of low level of traditional pile fermentation production equipment and poor environmental controllability were solved. The level of automatic fermentation of Puer tea was also improved. The results show that the Puer tea produced by TVFT met the national standards, and automatic fermentation on a large scale was feasible. Compared with traditional fermentation process, using new technologies, the production capacity per unit area was increased by 40%, the fermentation duration was shortened by 15-20 d, and the labor cost was reduced by 75%. Twisted appearance of tea leaves was more complete. The contents of tea polyphenols, theabrownin, amino acid nitrogen and pH value were significantly increased. The stability of product quality has been improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Studies on the Quality Chemical Components in Sichuan Brick Tea QI Gui-nian, TIAN Hong, LIU Ai-ling, SHI Zhao-peng Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (4): 266-269.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.04.008 Abstract （539）      PDF（pc） （33KB）（496）       Knowledge map    Save The contents and constituents of amino acids, catechins, caffeine, tea polyphenols and water extracts in raw material, fermented leaves, Kang Zhuan tea from Sichuan province were studied using amino acid auto-analysis and HPLC analysis. The content of amino acids, essential amino acids, theanine,catechins, caffeine, tea polyphenols and water extracts in raw materials were 1424.00βmg/100g, 547.00βmg/100g, 87.15βmg/100g, 27.63βmg/g, 1.30%, 8.18% and 26.94%,respectively; those in fermented leaves were 1590.00βmg/100g, 668.00βmg/100g, 67.62βmg/100g. 27.52βmg/g, 1.24%, 7.90% and 24.53% respectively, and those in Kang Zhuan tea were 1420.00βmg/100g, 529.00βmg/100g, 66.88βmg/100g, 13.65βmg/g, 1.27%, 5.99% and 23.92%, respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(37) Select Analysis of Aroma Quality Characteristic in An-hua Qian-liang Tea QI Dongqing, ZHOU Yuebin, SHEN Chengwen, CAI Xiang, WANG Xiao, YU Jiangyi Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 209-216.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.002 Abstract （485）      PDF（pc） （798KB）（496）       Knowledge map    Save Simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identification method were applied to analyze the volatile components in nine kinds of An-hua Qian-liang tea, in which, the aroma characteristic of the components were discussed by sensory evaluation method. Results of sensory evaluation indicated that the main features of An-hua Qian-liang tea are fragrance of pine wood and stale flavour. Some An-hua Qian-liang teas possess a slight fragrance of reed leaves and aroma of coarse stems as well as the stale flavour and smoke. A few An-hua Qian-liang tea possesses a little sour taste. Results of GC-MS analysis indicated that alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, heterocyclic oxygen compounds play a major role on An-hua Qian-liang tea aroma. The alcohol content is the largest (21.97%), followed by aldehydes (20.11%), ketones (18.69%), heterocyclic oxygen compounds (18.39%), fatty acids (12.71%), lipids (1.70%) and heterocyclic (1.21%) compounds. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Preparation of Nanoparticules with Chitosan Complexed β-lactoglobulin Loaded EGCG and their Effects on Blood Glucose in Diabetic Mice CHEN Ke, WANG Yuanzhu, YANG Xiaoying, ZHANG Dongying, ZHU Qiangqiang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 731-739.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.003 Abstract （448）      PDF（pc） （1015KB）（495）       Knowledge map    Save As the main bioactive component in tea, EGCG has abundant physiological functions. However, its low stability makes it easy to be degraded and has low bioavailability. In this experiment, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), chitosan hydrochloride (CHC), and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were used as wall materials to encapsulate EGCG. The microscopic morphology of particles were observed through electron microscope microscopic morphological observation, structural characterization (measurement of particle size, Zeta potential). The entrapment efficiency and simulated gastrointestinal fluid release rate were determined by HPLC. Finally, the activities of nanoparticles were explored by measuring the effect of nanoparticles on blood glucose in diabetic mice. The result shows that the prepared CS-β-LG-EGCG nanoparticles had complete structures, particle size of 10-100 nm, and certain dispersibilities. The entrapment efficiency was greater than 50%, and it had a slow-release effect in intestinal and gastric juices. CS-β-LG-EGCG nanoparticles had no antagonistic effect with insulin. Compared with uncoated EGCG, the sustained-release effect of the particles can slow down the recovery of blood glucose. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Photosynthetic and Fluorescence Characteristics of Albino Tea Plants LIU Dongna, GONG Xuejiao, LI Lanying, HUANG Fan, YAO Yu, XU Yaqiong, GAO Yuan, LUO Fan Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (6): 757-768.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.06.002 Abstract （339）      PDF（pc） （557KB）（494）       Knowledge map    Save To facilitate the scientific assessment of germplasm evaluation and cultivation management of albino tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.), this study investigated the photosynthetic pigment contents, as well as the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of three albino cultivars, with the normal tea cultivar ‘Fuding dabaicha’ (FD) as the control. The results show that (1) the total chlorophyll content of yellow tea leaves was 71.7%-86.8% lower than that of the control cultivar, and the total carotenoid content remained between 0.16 mg·g-1 and 0.31 mg·g-1. (2) The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn max), and light saturation point (LSP) of three albino tea cultivars were significantly decreased, and the optical compensation point (LCP) was significantly was than those of the control. (3) The photosynthetic processes of albino tea cultivars, such as absorption, transformation and consumption of light energy were significantly different from those of the control. Among them, the relative variable fluorescence at L and J points in the OJIP curve of albino tea cultivars ‘Jinfeng 2’ (JF2) and ‘Zhonghuang 1’ (ZH1) were significantly higher. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters, MO, DIO/RC, φDO and φRO increased significantly, while FV/FO, ETO/RC, φPO, φEO, ΨEO and PIabs decreased significantly. Our study found that the photosynthetic efficiency, potential and ecological adaptability of albino tea leaves were significantly decreased. The significant reduction of photosynthetic pigment, the significant decrease of PSⅡ light capture and photosynthetic electron transfer efficiency, and the significant increase of heat dissipation energy were the considerable reasons for inhibition of photosynthetic performance in albino tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Characteristics of Soil Nitrification Potential in Different Tea Gardens of China NIU Siyun, NI Kang, ZHAO Chenguang, MA Lifeng, RUAN Jianyun Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 731-741.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.012 Abstract （739）      PDF（pc） （460KB）（494）       Knowledge map    Save In order to characterize the nitrification activities of tea plantation soils in different areas, totally 30 typical soil samples from 12 provinces were collected. The soil nitrification potential was determined by using the shaken-soil-slurry method. The multiple regression analysis and partial least squares regression (PLS) were carried out to characterize the main impact factors. The nitrification potential in tea plantation soils ranged from 0.24 to 5.31 mg·kg-1·h-1, and the abundance of AOA in soil was significantly higher than that of AOB. Both AOA and AOB showed significantly positive correlation with soil nitrification potential. Abundance of ammonia oxidation microbes, C/N, nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen and organic carbon contents were the significant important factors influencing nitrification potential, with a descending order of importance according to PLS. These results reveal that nitrification potential is still high in tea plantation soil, since AOA dominate the ammonia oxidation process. The difference of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, availability of soil carbon, nitrogen caused by climate, soil conditions and fertilization regimes are likely to be the main factors for the variation of the nitrification potential in tea plantation soils. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Oolong Tea Polysaccharide on Hepatic-nephritic Antioxidation and Histomorphology in the Diabetic Rats NI De-jiang, CHEN Yu-qiong, SONG Chun-he, XIE Bi-jun, ZHOU Shi-qi Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 11-15.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.003 Abstract （482）      PDF（pc） （478KB）（494）       Knowledge map    Save The influence of polysaccharide extracted from Oolong tea（OTPS） on hepatic-nephritic anti oxidation and histomorphology in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes(MD) was investigated. Results showed that SOD and GSH-PX activity was increased and MDA content decreased in liver and kidney of MD mice fed OTPS for 4 weeks. OTPS had the function of improving the antioxidation and protecting the liver and kidney of MD mice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress on Molecular Modification for Catechins and Their Application LONG Dan, JIANG He-yuan, ZHANG Jian-yong, BAI Yan, WANG Wei-wei Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.013 Abstract （541）      PDF（pc） （908KB）（494）       Knowledge map    Save Catechins, which are rich in tea leaves, were found efficient bioactivity in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models. Unfortunately, their “ployhydroxy” chemical structures limit the further application. In this paper, some common methods used for molecular modification of catechins were reviewed firstly, and then some practical instances of modified products applied in food, drug and daily cosmetics area were reviewed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select A Preliminary Study on Acoustic Communication of Empoasca vitis ZHAO Dong-xiang, GAO Jing-lin, CHEN Zong-mao, XU Han-hong Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (4): 235-239.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.04.002 Abstract （641）      PDF（pc） （103KB）（493）       Knowledge map    Save Adopting the self-made feeble sound monitoring system, authors studied the sounds and their features of Empoasca vitis. The results indicated that, the nymph and the female adult alone didn’t sound but the male adult could emit the vibration sounds transmitted through host-plant and used in the communication of intra-species. Altogether, 3 kinds of sound were recorded, that were male’s common sounds, rivalry sounds and courtship sounds which emitted when the sexes were put together. Meanwhile, authors also analysis the waveform feature of the 3 acoustic signals. The study on the leafhopper’s acoustic behavior may offer theory basis for developing new method of controlling Empoasca vitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Characteristics of Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activity of Ancient Tea Garden in Jingmai, Lancang, Yunnan Province JIANG Hong, SHA Li-qing Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (3): 214-220.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.03.008 Abstract （447）      PDF（pc） （275KB）（493）       Knowledge map    Save Ancient tea gardens in Yunnan Province are regarded as the provenance of Pu-erh Tea, and the ancient tea garden (ATG) in Jingmai, Lancang County is a typical example of cultivated ATGs. In order to investigate soil nutrients and enzyme activity, the ATG soil in Jingmai and its neighboring conventional tea garden (CTG) and forest soils were sampled. Soil pH, organic matter (OM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), alkaline hydrolyzed N (AN), available P (AP), available K (AK), Ca, Al, Mg, activity of acid phosphatase, catalase, urease and saccharase were analyzed. The results showed that (1) All the soils were acid and at a pH of 3.80~3.91, and pH in tea garden soils was lower than in forest soil. (2), The OM, N, P and soil enzyme activity were rich in top soil (0~20 cm) and poor under 20 cm in different soil layers, while K, Mg and Al showed no obvious difference in different layers. (3) OM was rich in all soils, and the contents of OM, TN and AN were CTG < ATG < forest, while TP and AP were richest in ATG. (4) Enzyme activity showed different distribution patterns in the three soils. (5) Soil pH correlated with metal elements, N existed the most significant correlation with other nutrients, and soil nutrients did certain correlation with soil enzymes, especially N, C, P, K. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(22) Select Study on the Expression of Caffeine Synthase Gene mRNA in Tea Plant LI Yuan-hua, JIANG Chang-jun, WAN Xiao-chun Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (1): 23-28.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.01.004 Abstract （483）      PDF（pc） （434KB）（493）       Knowledge map    Save The expression of caffeine synthase gene mRNA in tea plant by means of in situ hybridization was investigated. Results showed that the expressional sites is mainly located in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus of palisade tissue, but not in vacuole. The expressional sites of leaf vein are mainly in parenchyma and phloem, however, that in phloem is weaker. The expressional sites in young stalk are in phloem. The expressional sites in different cultivars are basically similar, but the expressional signal is different. Results also showed that the expressional signal of the first fresh leaf in spring is stronger than that in autumn. In terms of processing technique, the green teas which are spread 0.5 h、1 h、2 h showed apparent expressional signal, but the signal was not observed in the black teas withered for 6 h、8 h、10 h and Oolong teas shaken for 6 h、8 h、10 h. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(31) Select Effects of Different Extraction Processes on the Components of Tea Polysaccharides ZHOU Xiao-ling, WANG Dong-feng*, LI Su-zhen, ZHOU Xun, HOU Yang-feng, WANG Yuan-hong Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (1): 27-32.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.01.004 Abstract （623）      PDF（pc） （498KB）（493）       Knowledge map    Save Four different treatments including water-extracted process, pectase-extracted process, trypsin-extracted process and combined-enzyme-extracted process were respectively applied to extract tea polysaccharides (TPS) from Laoshan green tea in this article. The extract ratio of combined-enzyme process method reached 5.17±0.17 % and higher than those of the three other process methods. The crude TPS obtained from the four process methods were further purified through Sepharose FF and the main polysaccharides fraction was obtained respectively. Then comparisons on the components of monosaccharides, amino acids in the purified TPS were conducted. The four process methods had no influence on the kinds of monosaccharides in tea polysaccharides, but little on the proportion of the monosaccharisdes. The total sugar content of TPS prepared by the four process methods was decreased in following pectase-extracted process, combined-enzyme-extracted process, trypsin-extracted process, and water-extracted process. Especially, in pectase-extracted process it reached to 95.26±4.09%, while the uronic acids content decreased greatly. The four process methods had no influence on the kinds of amino acids in tea polysaccharides, but great on the proportion of them. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(18) Select Effects of Raw Materials from Different Tea Cultivars on Green Brick Tea Quality YIN Yuxin, CHEN Yuqiong, JIAO Yuanfang, HAO Juan, YU Zhi, NI Dejiang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (1): 48-57.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.01.006 Abstract （824）      PDF（pc） （10484KB）（493）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the influence of tea leaves from different cultivars on the quality of Green brick tea, the leaves of 13 tea cultivars were used in this study. The sensory qualities of Green brick teas were evaluated according to the sensory evaluation. The main chemicals and aroma components were analyzed by chemical analysis and GC-MS method. The main components of Green brick teas made from different tea cultivars were significantly different. Among them, high contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, catechins, amino acids and soluble sugars of Green brick teas from Yingshuang, Oolong 2 and 4 were observed, but their contents in Green brick teas from Wuniuzao, Baiye 1, Fuding Dabaicha and E′cha 10 were relatively low. The latter also showed low ratio of phenol to ammonia and mellow taste. Aroma analysis shows that main aroma components were alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and alkenes, accounting for more than 85% of the total aroma. Green brick tea from Oolong 1 had the highest total aroma content and the lowest aroma similarity with other cultivars, with an outstanding aroma. Green brick tea from Oolong 4 had higher aroma similarity and better aroma coordination with other cultivars. Sensory quality analysis shows that the comprehensive qualities of Green brick teas from E′cha 10, Oolong 1 and 4 were the best, with a score of more than 88. Green brick tea from Baiye 1 had the lowest score. Green brick teas from Zhuyeqi, Echa 1 and Oolong cultivars had special fragrance. Green brick teas from oolong cultivars had the characteristics of abundant water extract, high ratio of polyphenols to amino acids, and special aroma. The Green brick teas from cultivars suitable for processing both green and black tea contained relatively high water extract and polyphenols, and good comprehensive quality. The Green brick teas from cultivars suitable for processing green tea only had mellow or neutral taste, suggesting the possibility to blending with other cultivars containing high polyphenols. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Tea Polysaccharides in Regulating Obesity OUYANG Jian, ZHOU Fang, LU Danmin, LI Xiuping, HUANG Jian'an, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (5): 565-575.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.001 Abstract （798）      PDF（pc） （422KB）（492）       Knowledge map    Save With the improvement of people's living standards, the incidence of obesity has been rising, which has become a serious health problem of the society. Tea polysaccharide, as an acid heteropolysaccharide combined with protein, can regulate food intake and energy absorption, regulate adipogenesis, enhance antioxidant defense enzyme activities and reduce inflammation, regulate intestinal flora disorders and maintain different pathways such as intestinal barrier integrity, thereby effectively regulates obesity. The regulation mechanism of tea polysaccharides on obesity was reviewed based on the researches in recent years. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Anti-diabetes and Anti-hyperlipidenmia Function of Monomers in Pu-erh Tea ZHANG Dong-ying, SHAO Wan-fang, LIU Zhong-hua, LIU Ya-lin, HUANG Ye-wei Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (1): 41-46.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.1.007 Abstract （611）      PDF（pc） （252KB）（492）       Knowledge map    Save The anti-diabetes and anti-hyperlipidenmia function of Uracil and Gallic acid from Pu-erh Tea was studied by the PPARδ, PPARα, PPARγ, FXR, LXR, 3T3-L1 and α-amylase models which are related to glucose and lipid metabolism. Result showed that: Uracil and gallic acid were active to the models of PPARγ, FXR, LXR, especially, Gallic acid showed distinct active effect on PPARγ, the value was as high as 2.438 which showed the same effect as positive drug, and weak activity on PPARδ, PPARα, 3T3-L1 models. Gallic acid showed better activity than Uracil in the PPARγ model and Uracil showed better activity than gallic acid in the FXR and LXR models. Furthermore, Gallic acid showed strongth inhibition on the activity of α-amylase. It can provide some theoretical basis on the mechanism of Pu-erh tea on the anti-diabetes and anti-hyperlipidenmia activity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Glimpse into Contemporary “U.S. Tea Renaissance” SHENG Min, LIU Zhonghua, HUANG Jian′an, XIAO Lizhen, ZHU Haiyan Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 420-427.   Abstract （526）      PDF（pc） （694KB）（492）    PDF（mobile） （694KB）（11）    Knowledge map    Save Tea, a magical oriental leaf, had played an important role in the recent period of American history. “The Boston Tea Party” led to the beginning of American Independence War. The time of “Clippers” achieved the summit of American ship building industry in the recent period. Tea had become the top trade between America and China in the recent period. Once American people had followed the trend of tea-drinking in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the Europe, but were laughed by British people for American’s never identifying tea or knowing how to drink tea. Therefore, tea sold in the U.S. was mainly the low and medium grade. With the promotion and development of “Specialty Tea”, American people have become to learn how to identify and drink tea since 1980s. “The U.S. Tea Renaissance” is coming, and the trend has changed the concept of tea-drinking and tea industry in the U.S. Besides, American people has conveyed the passion of tea-drinking to the people all over the world and begun to lead a worldwide trend. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Absorption of Theaflavin and EGCG in Caco-2 Cell Model MENG Qing, TU Youying Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 233-238.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.005 Abstract （501）      PDF（pc） （581KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the absorption regularity of TF1 and EGCG in the organism. This research used the Caco-2 cell monolayer model in vitro to simulate the absorption of TF1 and EGCG in the small intestine. The influences of concentration and time on the absorption regularity of TF1 and EGCG in Caco-2 cell monolayer model were investigated. The results illustrated that the absorption of TF1 and EGCG in Caco-2 model showed that the apparent permeability coefficient raised with the increasing of concentrations of two compound in the range of 10~100βµmol·L-1. The efflux rates of the TF1 and EGCG showed the same rules as absorption. However, the increasing range of efflux rate was higher than that of absorption rate. The values of Papp about TF1 and EGCG in the cell model were lower than 1×10-6βcm·s -1, which indicated that both of them belonged to the kind of drugs which were difficult to absorb. However, with comparing the absorption rate, TF1 was higher than EGCG in this model. Both of efflux transport showed the passive process because the efflux rates of TF1 and EGCG were larger than 2 and higher than in cell model. Because the efflux regulation of TF1 was in accordance with EGCG by temporal variation, it suggested that both of them were the substrate of the same efflux protein. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Extraction by Aqueous Two-phase System and Anti-oxidation of Flavonoids from Tea WU Xiang-ting, WANG Ai-yin, ZHOU Hua-bin, LI Guo-xing, XU Shan-shan Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (4): 289-296.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.04.003 Abstract （595）      PDF（pc） （672KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Save To explore antioxidation capability and the extraction mechanism of the separation-purification of flavonoids from tea in aqueous two-phase systems, flavonoids from tea was taken as an index, to optimize the conditions for the extraction of flavonoids from tea, the effect of each factor such as weight and amounts of PEG, kinds and amounts of salt, temperature, pH have been studied by single factor and response surface methodology. Based on the single factor experiments, a three-factor (the amount of Na2SO4, PEG600, MgCl2) and three-level experiment design has been developed by Box-Behnken central composite design method. The antioxidant activity of different concentration flavonoids were assessed through reducing power assay, Scavenging effects on DPPH radicals and results were compared to reference antioxidant BHT and Vc. The result showed that the optimum conditions as follows, pH 5, the extracting temperature 30℃, the amount of 5mL Na2SO4 15%, the amount of 6g PEG600, the amount of MgCl2 2.9%, the extraction field 96.31%. The two aqueous phase system for flavonoid extraction is easy to get good reproductivity, and applied in mass production. The flavonoids from tea showed strong antioxidant activity. The flavonoids from tea are a potential product of natural safe and effective antioxidant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Construction of DNA Fingerprints of Chlorophyll-deficient Tea Cultivars by SSR Markers WANG Songlin, MA Chunlei, HUANG Danjuan, MA Jianqiang, JIN Jiqiang, YAO Mingzhe, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 58-68.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.006 Abstract （571）      PDF（pc） （1115KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Save To differentiate and identify different albino tea cultivars, sixty two SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 16 tea cultivars that exhibit the chlorina phenotype. The result showed that a total of 169 alleles were amplified by 55 SSR primers with good polymorphism, and the number of alleles per primer ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 3.07. The average value of polymorphism information content (PIC) and Shannon’s information information index (I) was 0.40 and 0.79 respectively, which indicate these albino and yellow-leaf tea cultivars having a moderate level of diversity. And the occurrence frequency of 169 alleles ranged from 3.12% to 96.88%. It suggested the difference of genetic structure among tested varieties is obvious. The Nei's genetic distance (D) of sixteen tested cultivars ranged from 0.086 to 0.532. These cultivars could be divided into three categories when D was 0.18, and the cultivars with close relatives or similar geographical origin were clustered into one group. Lastly, three primers (TM156, TM508, MSG0380) with easy identification, good stability and high polymorphism, were finally chosen to establish the fingerprint. The 16 albino and yellow-leaf tea cultivars could be effectively distinguished by the primers. This study provided an important basis for the identification of albino tea cultivars, and the evaluation and utilization of these germplasm resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Measurement of Tea Farmers’ Livelihood Resilience and Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Anxi County JI Jinxiong, HONG Xiaoyan, ZHU Yongjie Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (1): 132-142.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.01.011 Abstract （477）      PDF（pc） （11144KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the theory of livelihood resilience and the analysis framework of sustainable livelihoods, a tea farmer’s livelihood resilience measurement index system was constructed. Anxi County, Fujian Province was selected as the research area, and the comprehensive index method and multiple linear regression model were used to measure tea farmers’ livelihood resilience and identify its influencing factors. The results of the study show that the tea farmers’ livelihood resilience index from high to low is as follows: labor-oriented>agricultural-oriented>pure agricultural type. The overall trend is gradually weakening from non-agricultural income to pure agricultural income. There are significant differences in the three attribute dimensions of buffer capacity, self-organization capacity and learning capacity. Tea garden size, livelihood diversity, degree of non-agriculturalization, credit capacity, organizational participation, technical training quality, and family size have significant and positive effects on the resilience of tea farmers’ livelihoods. While traffic accessibility, age of the head of household, and labor burden have significantly negative effects on tea farmers’ livelihood resilience. Some suggestions were proposed as follows: strengthening the construction of ecological tea gardens, extending the tea industry chain, expanding the coverage of rural inclusive finance, expanding the main body of the new tea industry, and improving the effectiveness of tea farmer training. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Detection of Bitterness-related Substances in Youxi Bitter Tea and Correlation Analysis with Bitterness WEI Shasha, PENG Jing, CHEN Zhidan, SUN Weijiang, LIN Lin Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 337-349.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.03.003 Abstract （841）      PDF（pc） （1692KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Save The main taste substances of 37 individuals from four regions of natural distribution of Youxi bitter tea were detected and their bitterness were also evaluated. The main evaluation group members were evaluated and screened according to the ranking method test and quantitative description ability test in food sensory analysis, and 7 panelists with high accuracy and good repeatability were obtained finally. The results of taste substances detection show that the biochemical components and bitter taste of Youxi bitter tea were diverse. The individuals of Chimu village were more bitter than the other three regions, and the contents of gallic acid, EGCG, ECG and theobromine were higher. The bitterness intensity of individuals in Guangming Village was the lowest with high content of non-gallated catechins such as EGC and EC and caffeine. The contents of lysine, cysteine and total amino acids of individuals in Qiushan village were higher. The contents of umami amino acids (aspartic acid and serine) and bitter amino acids (histidine and methionine) in non-protected areas of Chimu village were higher. The correlation analysis between bitterness intensity and the contents of taste substances shows that the contents of theobromine and valine were positively correlated with bitterness intensity, and the content of aspartic acid with sweet taste was significantly and negatively correlated with bitterness intensity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic and Phylogenetic Analysis for Resources of Camellia Sinensis from Kaihua County in Zhejiang Province YU Shuping, XU Liyi, WU Rongmei, WANG Liyuan, WU Liyun, WEI Kang, CHENG Hao, WANG Yongqi Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 341-351.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.005 Abstract （746）      PDF（pc） （1454KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, various tea resources from Kaihua County were collected to evaluate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among individuals by SSR markers. Meanwhile, suitable core marker combinations were screened to construct fingerprint map. The results show that: (1) 14 SSR markers were polymorphic in the samples. The number of alleles per SSR locus was from 3 to 6 with the mean value of 4.14, and the average number of effective alleles was 3.08. (2) each germplasm resource could be identified by using 14 SSR markers. And based on the analysis of complex loci, the value of PE-1 and PE-3 were over 0.99 and PE-2 over 0.95, respectively, when 10 core SSR loci, as a simplified combination, were successfully screened to distinguish 36 germplasm resources. (3) 36 samples were divided into three groups based on UPGMA phylogenetic tree, and it was preliminarily speculated that five combinations might have parent-child relationship in the sample group through phylogenetic analysis. Present study indicated that tea germplasms in Kaihua County displayed highly diverse genetic backgrounds and might provide useful plant resources for breeding of new cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Leaf Functional and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Different Leaves Positions of Tea Plant WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, WANG Xiuping, YOU Zhiming, CHEN Changsong Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 77-84.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.010 Abstract （549）      PDF（pc） （932KB）（489）       Knowledge map    Save Taking 5 breeding lines tea as test material, the leaf functional and photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves at different positions were monitored, and correlations between the leaf functional and photosynthetic characteristic analyzed. The leaf functional characteristic included leaf area (LA), the leaf index(LI), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content(LDMC), Chla, Chlb, Chl and Car, the photosynthetic indexes included net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) and transpiration rate(Tr). The results showed that the LA, LMDC, Pn, Gs and Tr firstly increased and then decreased with the leaf position went up, whose maximum value emerged at the middle leaves(from 3rd to 4th). The 1 and 6 leaf measurements were substantially below other leaf position (P<0.05). The LI and SLA increased with the elevation of the leaf position, the maximum values of SLA was at 6th leaf (P<0.05). The Chla, Chlb and Chl of different position leaves (from 1st to 4th) were relatively high, and their amounts in leaves of the 6th leaf were usually lower than other leaf position (P<0.05). The variation trend of Car was not obvious with the leaf position went up. The correlation analysis indicated that the LA was significant and remarkably significant positive correlated with LI, LDMC, Chla, Chlb, Chl and Car, but significant negative with Ci, and not significant correlation with other indicators. LI had no significant correlation with other indicators (except LA). The SLA and LDMC, Chla, Chlb, Chl, Car were significant and remarkably significant negative correlation with Pn, but significant positive correlation with Ci, and not significant correlation with other indicators. The LDMC was significant and remarkably significant positive correlation with L Chla, Chl and Pn. The Chla, Chlb, Chl and Car were positively correlated with each other significantly, and the photosynthetic pigments were remarkably significant positive correlated with Pn. The Gs and Tr showed no significant correlation with other indicators. Our results suggest that: the LA, photosynthetic capacity and LDMC of middle leaves of (from 3rd to 4th) tea plants were relatively higher than those of other leaf positions, so the middle leaves should be the experimental material to test photosynthetic; SLA, LDMC and photosynthetic pigments were closely related with Pn, so they could be used as an index to evaluate the photosynthetic capacity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select Quantitative Evaluation of Taste-characteristic Attributes in Three White Tea Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy FAN Fangyuan, YANG Mengxuan, GONG Shuying, GUO Haowei, ZHANG Kaiqi, LI Chunlin TANG Yi Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 296-304.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.010 Abstract （582）      PDF（pc） （1333KB）（488）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, tea taste-quality evaluations and attribution analysis were performed in white teas of different producing areas, tea types and storage times. The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in determining taste-attributes of white tea was also evaluated. The results showed that sweet, mellow and brisk tastes were the main aspects of taste-quality evaluation in white teas. Increasing of post-oxidation degrees could significantly enhance the sweet, mellow and brisk tastes of white tea with the same leave materials and processing technology. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to develop four models correlating spectral data to general taste-characteristics and its individual attributes (sweet, mellow, brisk tastes and post-oxidation characteristics). The four optimized models based on near infrared spectroscopy-partial least squares (NIRS-PLS) had considerable potential for taste-quality evaluation with correlation coefficient of calibration (Rc) ranging from 0.837 to 0.987 and that of prediction (Rp) ranging from 0.748 to 0.888, which suggested that fast taste-attribute evaluation of white tea could be achieved by NIRS-PLS. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Inhibitory Role and Mechanism of White Tea Extracts on Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Nano-sized SiO2 in Rats PARK Soomi, KIM Eunhye, CHEN Xinghua, WANG Qianchao, HE Puming, TU Youying Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 157-164.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.002 Abstract （688）      PDF（pc） （5033KB）（488）       Knowledge map    Save Fifty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, white silver needle extract group, high and low dose white peony extracts and EGCG group, with 9 rats in each group. The other five groups except the control group were treated with nano-sized SiO2 dust (80 mg·mL-1) by non-exposed endotracheal intubation. After two weeks of intragastric administration, the contents of hydroxyproline(HYP), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the morphological changes of lung tissues were detected. The results show that compared with the model group, the pathological changes of each white tea extract treatment group and EGCG group were alleviated in varying degrees, and the effect of white silver needle extract group was the best. The content of NO and inflammatory factor IL-6 in lung of rats treated with white tea extract and EGCG were significantly lower than those of model group (P<0.05), GSH-Px activity was higher than that of model group (P<0.05). High-dose white peony extract group had the best effect on reducing NO content and increasing GSH-Px activity. This study shows that white tea extract had a significant effect on oxidative stress injury of lung fibrosis induced by nano-sized SiO2 in rats. The slow and repairing effects are mainly related to the antioxidant effect and the inhibition of inflammatory reaction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Influences of Arbuscular Myrorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Tea Quality of Fuding Dabaicha Seedlings under Different Water Conditions WANG Yujuan, GAO Xiubing, WU Qiangsheng, JI Daobao, CAI Fan, LIU Chunyan Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (5): 588-596.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.003 Abstract （799）      PDF（pc） （560KB）（488）       Knowledge map    Save In order to evaluate the effect of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the plant growth performance and tea quality of FudingDabaicha under different water conditions, Fuding Dabaicha seedlings inoculated with (+AMF) or without AMF (-AMF) Clariodeoglous etunicatum were evaluated in a pot experiment under drought (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. Plant growth performance and quality parameter such as leaf number, biomass, contents of sucrose, fructose, catechuic acid, amino acid, etc. were determined. The results showed that under WW and DS conditions, AMF inoculation markedly promoted plant growth and improved the tea quality, in particularly increased leaf numbers, biomass of each part (leaf, stem and root), and the contents of sucrose, glucose, fructose, catechuic acid, amino acids and tea polyphenols were significantly increased by 7.73%-21.92%, 28.49%-53.44%, 6.13%-9.59%, 18.97%-23.48%. 31.29%-39.11% and 6.77%-26.32% in Fuding Dabaicha seedlings compared with non-AMF seedlings, especially under drought stress condition. Meanwhile, drought stress (DS) significantly restrained root AM colonization and the plant growth of Fuding Dabaicha seedlings, and markedly decreased the quality of FudingDabaicha seedlings, whereas, AMF inoculation significantly relieved this inhibitory effect, promoted the accumulation of tea organic matters. In addition, AMF-colonized seedlings presented higher expressions of glutamate dehydrogenase gene (CsGDH), glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase gene (CsGOGAT) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme gene (CsHMGR) under drought stress condition. The results indicated that AMF inoculation could promote plant growth and improve tea quality by means of up-regulation of relevant gene expression in Fuding Dabaicha seedlings under different water conditions, especially under drought stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparative Study on Lipid-lowering and Anti-obesity Effect of Different Pu-erh Tea Fractions XIONG Chang-yun, PENG Yuan-ju, WANG Xing-hua, CUI Wen-rui, LI Feng-juan, HE Pu-ming Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (6): 543-551.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.06.008 Abstract （667）      PDF（pc） （853KB）（487）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, Pu-erh tea was extracted with acetone, water, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. then, the extraction was concentrated with rotary evaporation and dried with lyophilizer into chloroform layer, ethyl acetate layer, n-butanol layer and surplus water layer extracts, which were used to administer ICR obese mouse for analyzing the lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects. The experimental results demonstrated that the pu-erh tea total extract, ethyl acetate extract and surplus water extract are all effective on lipid-lowering and anti-obesity of ICR obese mouse, and the effects of ethyl acetate extract and surplus water extract on inhibiting fat accumulation（inhibition ratio was 24.7% and 22.5%）was slightly less than those in the L-carnitine （38.8%）, but the effect on improving HDL-C level(61.7% and 73.4%) significantly superior to that in the L-carnitine (9.4%), the similar results were obtained in the mice liver, which suggest that the key lipid-lowering and anti-obesity function components were existed in the ethyl acetate layer and (or) surplus water layer extracts of pu-erh tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 75-78.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.016 Abstract （357）      PDF（pc） （33KB）（486）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Different Fertilizer Application Systems on Nitrogen Nutrition in Tea Garden Soil and Yield-Quality of Tea Plant ZHU Xujun, WANG Yuhua, ZHANG Yu, XIAO Runlin, LI Xinghui Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (3): 248-254.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.03.007 Abstract （581）      PDF（pc） （545KB）（485）       Knowledge map    Save Through field test by setting factors of nitrogen level and organic/chemical fertilizer ratio, we studied the effects of different fertilizer application systems on organic matter and nitrogen nutrition in tea garden soil, as well as tea yield & quality were investigated. The results showed that contents of organic matter and total nitrogen were significantly increased under all various fertilizer treatments, and applying 75% organic manure combined with 25% chemical fertilizers with 900βkg·hm-2 high nitrogen level exhibited the most remarkable increasing effects. Compared with no fertilization treatment, indicators of tea production including the bud-leaf density, 100-bud weight were increased under all various fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, the quality indicators of spring tea were dramatically increased under such fertilizer treatments that organic manure more than 25%, the tea quality improved more while organic manure was more than 50%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select The Antidepressant Effect of Tea Polyphenols to the Chronic Unpredictable Stress induced Depressive Mice FU Xiao-bin, GOU Ling-shan, HE Dong-mei, JIA Gen-guang, LI Yan, XUE Yun-sheng, LI Sai, LAN Nuo, LIU Yi Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 301-305.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.014 Abstract （562）      PDF（pc） （520KB）（485）       Knowledge map    Save The antidepressant effects of tea polyphenols on the chronic stress-induced depression in mice and the possible underlying mechanism were investigated in this paper. The antidepressant model of chronic unpredictable mild stress mice (CUMS) was established. The activities of the mice exposed to various stress were tested in the open-field, the immobility duration of the forced swimming test and tail suspension test were measured. Meanwhile, the contents of the 5-HT and the NE in the brain tissue were determined, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-Px and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue were estimated by spectrophotometry. The CUMS-induced depressive mice exhibited significant decrease in the activities in the open-field test as compared with the control group (#P<0.05, △P<0.001), while the immobility duration in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test were significantly increased, and the latency period (#P<0.05, △P<0.001. #P<0.05, △P<0.05) were shortened. However, tea polyphenols ameliorated the defecits of the behavior of the mice. Moreover, tea polyphenols increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and the content of 5-HT, NE, and decreased the contents of MDA in the brain tissue. The depressive status can be attenuated by the administration of tea polyphenols, the underlying mechanism might be attributed to their antioxidative property and enhancement of serotonergic functions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Establishment of the Predictive Models for Quantitative Analysis of Major Components in Green Tea Infusion by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) WANG Yu-xia, XU Rong-rong, REN Guang-xin, WANG Sheng-peng, WAN Xiao-chun, ZHANG Zheng-zhu Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (4): 355-361.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.04.002 Abstract （539）      PDF（pc） （459KB）（485）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the large amounts of analyzing of major components in samples of green tea infusion, combining the chemical analysis results with near infrared spectra of tea infusion samples scanned by near infrared spectroscopy, this paper established and optimized quantitative analysis models of water extract, tea polyphenols, free amino acids, soluble sugars, caffeine, total catechins, EGCG, EC, EGC, EGC and GA by using partial least squares (PLS) method. Each of the 11 predictive models was applied for the external inspection. Results showed that almost all the decision coefficients of cross test and predictive models were exceed 95%, except for EGC and GA. RPDs of models were exceed 3, except for GA with a RPD of 2.67. The established models present high stability and predictive accuracy. This paper provided a new method for the analysis of major quality components in tea infusion and tea beverages by near infrared spectroscopy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Parameter Optimization of Black Tea Fermentation Machine Based on EDEM and RSM LIU Limin, DONG Chunwang, LIN Shuhong, SHI Yali Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 681-690.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.004 Abstract （358）      PDF（pc） （2472KB）（485）       Knowledge map    Save Fermentation is a key process for the formation of black tea quality, and the fermentation conditions are the important factors affecting the degree of fermentation. In order to optimize the parameters of a self-designed roller fermentation machine, the extended distinct element method (EDEM) was used to simulate three distinct gradients of the rotational speed of the flexible scraper, and compare the degree of uniformity. With sensory score as evaluation index, response surface method (RSM) was applied for optimizing three key factors affecting fermentation quality (fermentation temperature, fermentation time, stirring interval). The results indicate that the uniformity of fermentation was the best at a rotation speed of 36(°)·s-1. Based on this rotational speed, the order of importance of each factor on fermentation quality was: fermentation time, fermentation temperature, stirring interval. The optimal process parameters were as follows: fermentation time, 230βmin, fermentation temperature, 28.5β℃, and stirring interval, 20βmin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genome-wide Identification of PPR Gene Family and Expression Analysis of Albino Related Genes in Tea Plants LIU Dingding, WANG Junya, TANG Rongjin, CHEN Liang, MA Chunlei Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (2): 159-172.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.02.002 Abstract （617）      PDF（pc） （1969KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are a kind of sequence-specific RNA binding proteins and targeted at semi-autonomous organelles, which play essential roles in play growth and development. In this study, the CsPPR genes were systematically identified by bioinformatics analysis based on the tea genome data. Then, their subcellular localization, physicochemical properties, gene structures, the chromosome locations and distribution were analyzed. The results show that a total of 858 putative CsPPR members were obtained from the genome data, which belong to P and PLS subfamilies. Domain analysis shows that each domains were relatively conservative in tea plants. Subcellular localization prediction indicates more than half of CsPPR proteins were located in the chloroplasts. Gene structure analysis shows that 31% of CsPPR genes lacked intron and the gene family had undergone extensive gene duplication events in the process of evolution. Subsequently, In order to investigate the role of CsPPR gene family in regulating the gene expressions of albino tea plants, transcriptome analysis was performed on the normal leaf color cultivar ‘Shuchazao’ and five albino tea cultivars such as ‘Anji Huangcha’. And 24 differential co-expressed CsPPR genes were identified from transcriptome data of five groups, and the real-time quantitative PCR technology was used to analysis the expression pattern of the 24 CsPPR genes in different cultivars and tissues of tea plants, and the results show that the majority of them were highly expressed in shoots, mature leaves and stems. The research results would provide a basis for CsPPR gene cloning and functional research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Tea Catechins on Lead-induced Lipid Peroxidation Damage in HepG2 Cells and Tea Polyphenol on the Content of Lead in Lead-exposed Mice PIAO Zai-ri, Wang Yue-fei, YANG Xian-qiang, CHEN Liu-ji, YANG Yong, ZHAO Bao-lu, JIAO Hong-li, ZHOU Dang-yi Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (2): 119-123.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.02.007 Abstract （461）      PDF（pc） （305KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of tea catechins on lead-induced lipid peroxidation damage in HepG2 cells and tea polyhenol on the content of lead in lead-exposed mice were investigated.HepG2 cell viability was determined using the MTT method,lipid peroxidation was assayed by detetmining the production rate of thibarbiturie acid reactive substance(TBARS)which was expressed as malondialdehyde(MDA)equivalents.The content of lead in lead-exposed mice was determined using hydride atomic fluorescence spectroscopic method. Results showed that tea catechins had protective effects on lead-exposed HepG2 cell viability and inhibitory effects on TBARS formation in HepG2 cells.All the indices of the mice in the exposed groups were significantly higher than those in the control.Tea polyphenol was able to accelerate the removal of lead from liver,but the same effects were not found in blood、kidney, brain and thigbones. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8) Select Application Research of Calm-holding Temperature-far Infrared Technology for Green Tea Processing DENG Yu-liang, YIN Jun-feng, XU Yong-quan, WU Rong-mei, CHEN Gen-sheng, WANG Fang, CHEN Jian-xin, YUAN Hai-bo Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 336-344.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.007 Abstract （662）      PDF（pc） （1000KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save By using the response surface design, the technology for raising fragrant processing of the roasted and baked green tea with calm-holding temperature-far infrared technology was been investigated. The results indicated that the optimum parameter of far infrared technology for roasted green tea was upper temperature with 79.2℃, lower temperature with 95.5℃, rotational speed with 351.6βr/min, for baked green tea was upper temperature with 90.8℃, lower temperature with 95.5℃, rotational speed with 335.2βr/min. Compared with the traditional raising fragrant technology, the new process technology is helpful to improve the production efficiency, to reduce the processing cost, and the results on refined aroma, color and luster are excellent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Investigation on Guide Vane Motion Model for Cylinder Tea Fixation Machine Based on Logarithm Spiral Line XU Haiwei, TAN Heping, LI Gang, XIE Chi, LI Jian Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (4): 381-386.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.04.009 Abstract （553）      PDF（pc） （622KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save Fixation is one of the key processes in green tea manufacturing, and in the cylinder fixation machine, the guide vane has important role on pushing and throwing the fixing tea leaves, which showed a great influence on the tea taste. In this paper, the helix rise angle of guide vane in tea cylinder fixation machine was analyzed based on the logarithm spiral line, which showed great influence on the uniformity of green tea production. The Fluent software is used to do simulations under the fixing leaves heating condition and pushing situation in the cylinder tea fixation machine under the fixed and subsectional design helix rise angles, respectively. With the simulations, the subsectional design structure can effectively improve the green tea quality. This analysis can guide the design in the cylinder fixation machine, to shorten the design cycle, and to improve the design accuracy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1998, 18 (01): 21-27.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1998.01.004 Abstract （365）      PDF（pc） （597KB）（483）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Chemical Insecticides on the Diversity of Arthropods in Tea Garden WANG Guo-hua, LIANG Yuan-fa, TIAN Yong-hui, WANG Jia-lum, ZHOU Guo-lan Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (2): 99-104.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.02.005 Abstract （539）      PDF（pc） （386KB）（483）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of chemical insecticides on the structure and diversity of arthropods in various tea gardens were investigated. Results showed that the effect of chemical insecticides on the arthropods in tea gardens reflected in the structure and the constitution of species, the diversity index and the distributive evenness of species. The index of population density of dominant insect pest was increased greatly in those tea gardens with higher chemical insecticide expense, especially for tea leaf hopper (Empoasca vitis Gotho). The regulatory effect of natural enemies on major insect pest was increased in those tea gardens with lower expenses of insecticides. Besides, the diversity index and the evenness index were increased at the same time. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(41) Select Studies on the Optimal Water Condition for Tea Seedlings under Greenhouse Manufacturing Administration ZENG Jian-ming, GU Bao-jing, CHANG Jie, YUAN Hai-bo, WANG Li-yuan, DONG Fang-shuai, CHENG Hao, ZHOU Jian, GE Ying, Chen Shenglun Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 270-274.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.006 Abstract （638）      PDF（pc） （286KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save The photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and the growth traits of the clonal tea seedling grown under various substrates with different water content under the greenhouse were compared. The new biomass reaching their maximum values in the substrate with 80%~100% relative substrate water content, root mass ratio (RMR) decreased with the increase of water content of substrate, while the content of chlorophyll, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), root emerging rate of the plant and specific root length (SRL) increased as the water content of substrate increased. The maximum photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) and new biomass increased as the water content of substrate increased, reaching their maximum values at 70%~100% water content of substrate. Content of chlorophyll increased with the rise of relative water content of substrate, while the ratio of chlorophyll a/b decreased with the substrate water content of substrate. Lower substrate water content can expedite the growth of tea seedling after rootage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16) Select Identification and Biology Characteristics Research of a Myllocerinus aurolineatus-Beauveria Strain Isolated from Guangdong Province WANG Dingfeng, LI Jianlong, LI Huiling, LI Liangde, WANG Qingsen, WU Guangyuan Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (5): 449-457.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.007 Abstract （459）      PDF（pc） （354KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save Through morphological characters and rDNA-ITS identification, a Myllocerinus aurolineatus-Beauveria strain that was isolated from tea plantation in Yingde Guangdong Province was identified to be Beauveria bassiana, and named as Bb1-1. In order to confirm the biocontrol potential of Bb1-1, two highly virulent B. bassiana strain towards M. aurolineatus weevil used as the reference, the strain growth rate, sporulation, spore germination rate, thermotolerance and UV resistance of Bb1-1, and the virulence of Bb1-1 to M. aurolineatus weevil under 25℃, 29℃ and 32℃ were tested. The results showed that there were no significant difference on the strain growth rate, spore germination rate, and UV resistance among three strains; the sporulation decreased in this order: XJBb3005> Bb1-1> XJBb3008; however, Bb1-1 showed the best thermotolerance. At 25℃, the cumulative corrective mortality of three strains were all beyond 93.94%, and there were no significance among them. However, the virulence of Bb1-1 to M. aurolineatus weevil was higher than that of the two reference strains under high temperature. At 29℃, the cumulative corrective mortality was 90.91% (7 d), LT50 value was 3.83d. At 32℃, the cumulative corrective mortality was 80% (7 d), LT50 value was 5.28 d. In consideration of Bb1-1’s good thermotolerance and the highly virulent to M. aurolineatus weevil under high temperature, it’ll play a very important role in biocontrol of M. aurolineatus weevil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects on the Photoreaction Behavior of Ectropis Grisescens Warren to Different Light Spectrum QIAO Li, HONG Feng, JIN Yinli, GENG Shubao, GUO Shibao Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (5): 617-624.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.006 Abstract （782）      PDF（pc） （484KB）（481）       Knowledge map    Save The study aims to get the sensitive spectral range of Ectropis grisescens Warren to different light spectrum. The phototaxis or photophobism behavior of E. grisescens Warren in response to spectral sensitivity was tested under 18 monochromatic lights ranging from 370 nm to 600 nm in the laboratory. The results show that phototaxis or photophobism reaction were observed under all the tested monochromatic wavelengths between 370 nm and 600 nm spectrum. The female adults showed positive phototaxis under orange light (600-605 nm), green light (520-525 nm) and ultraviolet light (370-375 nm). Meanwhile the male adults showed phototaxis under green light (520-525 nm), ultraviolet light (395-400 nm) and ultraviolet light (390-395 nm). The female adults showed photophobia under ice indigo light (490-495 nm), blue light (440-450 nm) and red light (660-665 nm). Meanwhile the male adults showed photophobia under ultraviolet light (400-405 nm), blue light (440-450 nm), ice indigo light (490-495 nm) and CK. There are differences inphototaxis of E. grisescens Warren to light at different wavelengths, and gender is an important factor affecting the spectral behavior response. This study not only provided a necessary theoretical foundation for further research on light vision of E. grisescens Warren, but also provided a scientific basis for the use of phototaxis in the integrated management of E. grisescens Warren. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparative Study on the Competitiveness of Chinese Tea Exportation Based on Fermented Tea GUAN Xi, DOAN BA TOAI, HE Wenli, TONG Yaonan, YUAN Ting, XIE Xiangying Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 279-288.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.015 Abstract （656）      PDF（pc） （422KB）（480）       Knowledge map    Save Basing on the analysis of existing research on competitiveness of Chinese tea export, the perspective of comparability on category, packaging and targeted market should be considered when we compare the competitiveness of tea exportation between different countries. The paper took the Chinese fermented tea as an example and used the United Nations merchandise trade statistics to compare the export competitiveness of different packaged fermented teas in China and other major countries in different markets. The conclusion of the study shows that the diversification of Chinese tea exports and packaging determines the competitiveness of Chinese tea exports not only in different target markets, but also in the same target market. Therefore, the integrated processing and analysis of Chinese tea exports would indeed mask the significant differences in the competitiveness of different teas in the target market segments and it is of great significance to accurately identify the competitiveness of Chinese tea exports in market segments for promoting targeted tea exports in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Seasonal Dynamic Characteristics of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities of Different Planting Patterns in the Wuyishan WANG Feng, CHANG Yunni, SUN Jun, WU Zhidan, CHEN Yuzhen, JIANG Fuying, YU Wenquan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 231-245.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.004 Abstract （354）      PDF（pc） （1416KB）（480）       Knowledge map    Save Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of the most important and traditional economic crops widely cultivated in the subtropical regions of China, which are usually developed from forestland. Soil enzyme activity is an important indicator of soil fertility and nutrient transformation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seasonal dynamic characteristics of soil properties and enzyme activities of different planting patterns in Wuyishan city, and to provide theoretical basis for reasonable evaluation of soil ecological effects of organic tea cultivation. In this paper, three different planting patterns (forestland, conventional and organic tea gardens) were selected as the research objects. Soil samples were collected in May, August, November and February from 2021 to 2022. The soil properties and enzyme activities (urease, nitrate reductase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, invertase and acid phosphatase) were determined in different seasons, and the dynamic changes with seasons were also investigated. The results show that: comparing with the forestland, the contents of soil ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly in the conventional tea garden, while the total potassium and pH decreased significantly. Compared with the conventional tea garden, the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents increased significantly in the organic tea garden. The soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium contents decreased significantly. The soil pH also increased, and the proportion of soil nutrients was more coordinated. The effects of planting pattern and season and their interactions on urease and peroxidase activities were significant. Compared with the forestland, the soil urease, polyphenol oxidase, catalase and acid phosphatase activities decreased by 12.05% to 63.55% in the conventional tea garden, while urease activities significantly increased by 324.95% in the organic tea garden, and the soil nitrate reductase activities were not changed by planting mode. In general, the soil urease, polyphenol oxidase, invertase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly higher in summer and autumn (May and August) than those in winter and spring (November and February). The highest soil nitrate reductase and catalase activities were found in spring (February). The results of permutational multivariate analysis of variance show that the effect of planting pattern on the overall soil physical and chemical properties was much greater than that of seasonal changes. Redundancy analysis shows that soil environmental factors explained 77.03% of the variation in soil enzyme activity, and the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, soil available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium and pH were the main driving factors of soil enzymes. In summary, the conversion of forestland into tea gardens has a significant impact on soil properties and enzyme activities. Conventional planting leads to the accumulation of available phosphorus and potassium in tea garden soil and the decrease of soil enzyme activity, while organic planting improves soil enzyme activity and enhances soil carbon and nitrogen nutrient supply capacity, and thus is beneficial for maintaining a sustainable ecosystem in tea garden soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Albino Tea Plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze） LU Cui, SHEN Chengwen Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (5): 445-451.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.05.001 Abstract （577）      PDF（pc） （730KB）（480）       Knowledge map    Save Leaf albino is a common phenomenon in the plant kingdom. As a kind of leaf-used plant, the key chemical ingredients in albino tea cultivars such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, catechins, amino acids, flavonoids are significantly changed as compared with normal tea cultivars, which largely affect the growth, stress resistances, production process and taste of tea. Leaf color mutation, as a special mutation, has important application value for tea breeding. It is also useful for our understanding of the photosynthesis system, the regulation mechanism of leaf color and the regulation of leaf development in tea plants. This article reviewed the research progress on the chemical compositions such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, amino acids and the mechanism of the mutation in the albino tea cultivars, which aimed to provide a foundation for further study of the molecular mechanism in albino tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Nondestructive Measurement of Moisture of Black Tea in Drying Process Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy CHEN Lin, DONG Chunwang, GAO Mingzhu, YE Yang Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (2): 184-190.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.02.009 Abstract （625）      PDF（pc） （1052KB）（480）       Knowledge map    Save Moisture is an important index of tea drying effect and quality. To understand rapid detection of moisture in black tea, a nondestructive testing method was proposed based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The diffuse reflectance spectra of 226 tea samples were scanned in the range of 1 000-1 799 nm. These samples were from 6 drying processes. Moisture contents of samples were immediately measured after spectral scanning. The original spectrum data were proposed by the Standard Normal Variate Transformation (SNVT). Two regression algorithms including Partial Least Square (PLS) and Synergy Interval Partial Least Square (siPLS) were used to develop models for determination of moisture contents respectively. The result showed that both models had high accuracy, but the performance of model with siPLS was better. It contained 13 spectral intervals combined with 4 subinterval and 6 principal component factors. The root mean square for prediction (RMSEP) and the correlation coefficient (Rp) reached 0.0395 and 0.9593, respectively. It showed that it is feasible to measure moisture content of black tea during drying process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (02): 98-104.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.02.002 Abstract （421）      PDF（pc） （419KB）（480）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Aluminum-tolerant Growth-promoting Endophytic Bacteria in Tea Roots WU Jing, CHEN Nannan, HAN Menglin, CHEN Gao, LI Weiwei, ZHANG Shuxiang, JIANG Xiaolan Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 610-622.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.006 Abstract （599）      PDF（pc） （581KB）（479）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plants are aluminum-tolerant plants. Low concentration of aluminum promotes the growth of tea plants, but its regulation mechanism remains unclear. In this experiment, 38 strains of culturable endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified from the roots of tea plants treated with aluminum, including 27 strains of Firmicutes and 11 strains of Actinomycetes. Plant growth promoting abilities of the isolated endophytic bacteria were explored from ACC deaminase, phosphate solubilization, siderophore and IAA production. It was found that the comprehensive plant growth promoting abilities of Firmicutes FBA, FPC and Actinomycetes AMM, ACP032155 were better. The relative activities of the 38 strains at different aluminum ion concentrations were further investigated. The results show that the 38 strains of endophytic bacteria could survive under 1 mmol·L-1 Al3 + concentration, among which Actinomycetes AME2 could still survive under 8 mmol·L-1Al3+, which showed the strongest aluminum tolerance. The results show that aluminum treatment could promote the growth of aluminum-tolerant bacteria in tea plants, thus indirectly promoting the growth of tea plants. This study laid a foundation for the cultivation and breeding of endophytic bacteria of tea plants with significant aluminum tolerance and growth promotion ability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Suppression Effect of Apanteles spp Attracted Together by Infochemicals-Luring Preparation on Ectropis oblique Larvae HAN Bao-yu, ZHOU Peng, FU Jian-yu, CUI Lin Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 72-75.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.012 Abstract （570）      PDF（pc） （288KB）（479）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Preliminary Study on Gene Expression Differences between Normal Leaves and Albino Leaves of Anji Baicha (Camellia sinensis cv. Baiye1) WANG Xin-chao, ZHAO Li-ping, YAO Ming-zhe, CHEN Liang, YANG Ya-jun Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (1): 50-55.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.01.010 Abstract （665）      PDF（pc） （380KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save Differences of gene expression between normal and albino leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis cv. Baiye1) were studied by mRNA differential display reverse transcription-PCR (DDRT-PCR). Fifty-eight differentially expressed cDNA fragments were obtained from normal and albino leaves. Twelve of which were confirmed by the analysis of RT-PCR. Among them, 5 fragments were specially expressed in normal leaves, 4 fragments were specially expressed in albino leaves, 1 fragment was up-regulated in normal leaves, and 2 fragments were up-regulated in albino leaves. Through BLASTX analysis with GenBank, 5 cDNA fragments showed high homologous to five known genes, namely soul heme-binding family protein of Arabidopsis thaliana, methionine synthase of Beta vulgaris, gag-pol polyprotein-related in Medicago truncatula, human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene and ACC synthase of rose, respectively. The other 7 might be novel genes, they showed poor homologous to all proteins in the database. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis and Evaluation of Purine Alkaloid Contents in Bitter Tea Germplasm Resources from Guangdong LI Hongjian, QIN Dandan, JIANG Xiaohui, FANG Kaixing, WANG Qiushuang, PAN Chendong, LI Bo, WANG Qing, WU Hualing Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (1): 71-79.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.01.008 Abstract （587）      PDF（pc） （9700KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save The purine alkaloids of 13 bitter tea germplasms from Guangdong Province along with 28 representative cultivars (lines) from different tea producing areas in China were selected for analysis in this paper. The results indicate that genetic diversity index (H′) of purine alkaloids ranged from 0.78 to 1.94, while the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 34.89% to 191.19%. The samples could be divided into 6 groups based on cluster analysis: group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were predominantly consisted of conventional cultivars with high caffeine content; group Ⅴ contained caffeine-free cultivars from Nankun Mountain, while all samples in group Ⅳ and Ⅵ were bitter tea with high theacrine content. A total of 10 purine alkaloid specific bitter tea resources were identified. Moreover, theacrine showed a gradually decrease trend with the increase of leaf positions but maintained a high level in mature leaves of bitter tea. Taken together, our research provided a basis for genetic improvement of functional tea cultivars with specific purine alkaloids in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Fu Brick Tea on Inflammation and Intestinal Microflora Diversity in Mice with DSS-induced Ulcerative Colitis HUANG Xiangxiang, TAN Ting, YU Lijun, WANG Kunbo, HUANG Jian'an, XU Shiyu, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 681-694.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.05.004 Abstract （666）      PDF（pc） （3509KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, we investigated the effects of Fu brick tea on the anti-inflammation and intestinal microflora of ulcerative colitis (UC) mice induced by Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Sixty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, 10 mg·kg-1 EGCG control group, high dose brick tea (300 mg·kg-1, HBT) control group, DSS model group, DSS＋10 mg·kg-1 EGCG group, DSS＋low dose brick tea (100 mg·kg-1, LBT) group, DSS＋middle dose brick tea (150 mg·kg-1, MBT) group and DSS＋HBT group, with the control groups n=5 and the treatment groups n=9. After 1 week of DSS modeling, the mice were gavaged for 4 weeks. The mice were executed after 5 weeks of the treatments. The histopathological changes of mice colon were observed, and the disease activity index (DAI) of mice colitis was assessed. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ inflammatory factors in mice serum and the expression levels of JAK2 and STAT3 genes in mice colon tissues were measured. The intestinal microflora of mice was analyzed by PCR-DGGE and clone sequencing techniques. The results show that compared with the DSS model group, the quality of survival and colonic tissue morphology of mice were significantly improved after feeding EGCG and different concentrations of brick tea, and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ in mice serum were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Moreover, the expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 genes were significantly reduced (P<0.05) JAK2/STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway was inhibited; and intestinal microflora diversity and richness were increased significantly. The dominant bacterial flora in different treatment groups were changed as well. In conclusion, Fu brick tea can ameliorate DSS-induced UC injury by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway and modulating intestinal microflora diversity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 14-18.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.003 Abstract （296）      PDF（pc） （51KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1993, 13 (01): 69-78.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1993.01.011 Abstract （629）      PDF（pc） （2653KB）（477）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1999, 19 (01): 61-66.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1999.01.011 Abstract （359）      PDF（pc） （1702KB）（477）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select The Effect of Different Extracts of Fuzhuan Tea on the Activities of Digesting Enzyme FU Dong-he, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Jian-an, CHEN Hui-heng Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (1): 62-66.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.01.003 Abstract （440）      PDF（pc） （340KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save Fuzhuan Tea was extracted by chloroform, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol in turn. The effect of Fuzhuan Tea on the activities of metabolize enzyme was investigated. The results showed that different fractions of Fuzhuan Tea had different effects on pancreatic lipase activity. The sample extracted by chloroform could restrain pancreatic lipase a little and the relative activity was 0.82. The water extracts, the sample extracted by ethyl acetate and 1-butanol showed obvious activation, that of the sample extracted by 1-butanol was the most active. The multiple was 2.54. All fractions of Fuzhuan Tea were active to α-amylase, among them, the sample extracted by ethyl acetate was the most active. The relative activiy was 4.09. The water extracts was the second one and its relative activity was 2.99. That of the layer of water sample was not obvious. The sample extracted by chloroform could restrain α-amylase a little and the relative activity was 0.88. The samples separated from the sample extracted by ethyl acetate and the sample extracted by 1-butanol were active to α-amylase and pancreatic lipase respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(31) Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (02): 93-97.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.02.001 Abstract （415）      PDF（pc） （268KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Withering and Fermentation Duration on Aroma and Qualities in Guangdong Danxia Black Tea WANG Qiushuang, LING Caijin, QIAO Xiaoyan, CHEN Dong, CAO Junxi, WU Hualing Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 342-354.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.012 Abstract （781）      PDF（pc） （498KB）（476）    PDF（mobile） （498KB）（21）    Knowledge map    Save To identify the optimal parameters for processing Guangdong Danxia 2 black tea, Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) combined with GC-MS (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and HPLC, etc. methods were used to analyze the effects of withering and fermentation duration on the aroma and quality of black teas. The results show that with the increase of withering time, the contents of alcohols increased significantly, which induced the release of flowery and fruit like aroma. The aldehydes decreased and the grass like aroma weakened. The contents of tea polyphenols and catechins decreased significantly after withering for 33 h. The water extracts increased and the total amino acids decreased. The results show that black tea had the best index and sensory qualities when withering for 33 h. With the increase of fermentation duration, the contents of alcohols showed the tendency of decreasing-no changes-decreasing significantly. The changes of esters were not obvious. The acids increased when fermentation duration increased. Amino acids decreased significantly after 12 h fermentation. The contents of tea polyphenols and water extracts also decreased, but showed significant difference after 12 h. The research concluded that the best fermentation duration was 12 h for Danxia 2 black tea, with the best quality and sensory test result. The black tea had sour taste when fermented for more than 12 h. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the N-methyltransferase Gene Family Involving in Caffeine Biosynthesis of Tea Plant JIN Jiqiang, YAO Mingzhe, MA Chunlei, MA Jiangqiang, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (2): 188-194.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.02.015 Abstract （617）      PDF（pc） （586KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save Caffeine is an important bioactive compound in tea. It is synthesized from xanthosine catalysed by N-methyltransferase (NMT) that using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. Based on the characterization of high similarity of CS (Caffeine Synthase) gene sequences, 6 NMTs were cloned from Baiye 1 by using the technique of long PCR and cloning flanking DNA sequence. Two of them are TCS1 and TCS2, one is a pseudogene, and the other three are named TCS3, TCS4 and TCS5, respectively. It was found that these genes were all composed by four exons and three introns through analysis of gene structure. The NMTs of Camellia plants were clustered into 5 groups, the similarity of TCS4 and TCS5 between with other genes is lower. These results provided useful references to dissect the genetic mechanism of caffeine from genome level in tea plant for the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress on the Preparation Technologies and the Active Improvement of EGCG Nano-carriers QI Jie, XU Yinglei, LIANG Wenyi, FEI Duo, WU Xiner, JIN Jianchang, DU Qizhen, XU Yongquan, GAO Ying Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (2): 119-129.   Abstract （585）      PDF（pc） （795KB）（475）       Knowledge map    Save (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the most important bioactive compounds in green tea, which has shown antitumor activity in various stages of tumor formation. Loading EGCG in nano-carriers is an effective technique to improve the stability and bioavailability of EGCG. Many studies had shown that various kinds of materials can be used for the preparation of nanoparticles as a EGCG nano-carrier, which significantly improved the biological activity of EGCG. The preparation methods, characteristics and the biological activity of EGCG nano-carrier were reviewed, and the improvement of effectiveness by EGCG nanoparticles formulation was also dicussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 75-76.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.017 Abstract （312）      PDF（pc） （259KB）（475）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Intervention Effects of L-Theanine on the Damage of Hippocampus and Gut in CUMS Depressed Rats CHEN Meiyan, LIU Fen, LIN Yong, ZUO Gaolong, ZUO Yingpeng, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (4): 511-524.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.04.005 Abstract （764）      PDF（pc） （3494KB）（474）       Knowledge map    Save Using SPF-grade SD male rats as experimental animals, a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was established and different doses of L-theanine were given intragastrically for intervention. Then, the effects of L-theanine on the depression-like behaviors, histopathological changes and the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) contents of hippocampus and gut were observed and evaluated, which aimed to explore the intervention effects of L-theanine on the structural damage and dysfunction of hippocampus and gut in CUMS depressed rats. The results show that, compared with the model group, pretreatment with different doses of L-theanine improved the body weight,sugar-water preference, number of crossing and rearing, activity in water, number of entering the light box and the duration time of ratsat different degrees, especially the middle-dose group (100 mg·kg-1) reached a significant level. L-theanine effectively repaired hippocampal neuron damage caused by CUMS, reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum, colon and cecum and attenuated the damage and inflammation degree of the colon and cecum tissues, and the middle-dose group also exhibited better effect. L-theanine could increase the contents of 5-HT and GLP-1 in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and colon of CUMS rats, and reached significant levels under some conditions. These results indicate that L-theanine can effectively improve the depression-like behavior, structural damage and dysfunction of hippocampus and gut in CUMS model rats, and its regulation of ‘gut-brain axis’ may be the action mechanism of anti-depression. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Diversity of Ancient Tea Plant in Yunnan Province of China Revealed by Inter-simple Sequence Repeat(ISSR) Polymerase Chain Reaction JI Peng-zhang, ZHANG Jun, WANG Ping-sheng, HUANG Xing-qi, XU Mei, TANG Yi-chun, LIANG Ming-zhi Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (4): 271-279.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.04.001 Abstract （588）      PDF（pc） （544KB）（473）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant [Camellia sinensis var. assamica] populations in Yunnan province of China cultivated since ancient times are important genetic resources for future breeding of new tea cultivars. To evaluate the genetic diversity within and between Yunnan ten representative populations and to formulate conservation strategies for the ancient tea populations in Yunnan was conducted by ISSR technique in this study. The genetic diversity within populations calculated from Nei's genetic diversity (He) was estimated to be 0.281, on average, at the population level and 0.461 at the variety level, while Shannon indices (Ho) of population level and Assam variety level were 0.418 and 0.653, respectively and the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) of the ten populations ranged between 56.5% to 90.9%, respectively. Coefficients of gene differentiation (Gst) within the population was 0.391, in agreement with the result of Shannon’ diversity indices analysis (36.0%) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) among population (39.7%), which illuminated that 60.9% of the variation in Assam variety were from the individuals of the population, and 39.1% of the genetic variation were from the population. The result indicated Camellia var. assamica variety possesses high genetic diversity and medium genetic differentiation was existed in the genetic variation between population. This could be caused by the highly outcrossing nature and habitat fragmentation of tea species. Conservation strategy are suggested including in situ strategies and ex situ strategies based on the observed genetic information of population. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(36) Select Study on the Toxicity Experiments of Fuzhuan Tea XIAO Wen-jun, FU Dong-he, REN Guo-pu, GONG Zhi-hua, XIAO Li-zheng, LIU Zhong-hua Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (4): 307-310.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.04.008 Abstract （594）      PDF（pc） （326KB）（473）       Knowledge map    Save The toxic experiment of Fuzhuan tea was carried out by using the extracted instant Fuzhuan tea as material in order to evaluate its safety for the mice and rat. The results showed that the LD50 of male mice and female mice was 14β700βmg/kg·bw and 19β600βmg/kg·bw respectively(the limit reliability was 10β600~36β000), and both of the Ames test and the semen teratogenicity results were negative. During the 30 days fed by the feeding mixed with 0.85%, 1.25%, 1.70% instant Fuzhuan Tea for the rat rats of each dose group grew well, the hemogram indexes of rats from each dosage, blood biochemical indexes and triglyceride, Urea anhydride, blood muscle anhydride and blood sugar indexes, ratio of spleen to body weight, kidney to body weight, and the histopathological characteristic of all test rats showed no significantly difference (P<0.05), which suggested Fuzhuan Tea was a no poisonous food. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(24) Select Determination of Melamine in Milk Tea By High Performance Liquid Chromatography JIANG He-yuan, YUAN Xin-yue, ZHANG Jian-yong, CUI Hong-chun, LIU Xiao-hui, YAO Yu Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (1): 15-19.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.1.003 Abstract （696）      PDF（pc） （248KB）（473）       Knowledge map    Save The method to determinate melamine in milk tea by HPLC, was established. The samples were analyzed by a Sunfire C18 column （250 mm×4.6 mm ID; 5 μm）. The mobile phase was composed of 0.008 mol/L sodium 1-Octanesulfonate （adjust to pH3.3 with acetic acid） and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Column temperature was 30℃. UV-detection was performed at 236 nm. The contents were quantified with exterior standard. Some milk tea samples from the supermarket were analyzed, and results showed that the content of melamine in some milk tea were higher than 2.5 mg/kg, the set limit in national standard. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Theabrownin Extracted from Pu-erh Tea on the Intestinal Flora YUE Suijuan, LIU Jian, GONG Jiashun Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (3): 261-267.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.03.005 Abstract （781）      PDF（pc） （708KB）（473）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, theabrownin (Mw>50 kDa, TB) extracted from pu-erh tea was used as experimental material, and the effects of theabrownin to the intestinal flora of rat was studied. The results showed that the theabrownin had remarkable effects on the intestinal flora in rats. TB could significantly improve the de-pollution of antibiotics and adjust the intestinal flora imbalance. It was found that TB could promote the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and inhibit the proliferation of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. The effects are more obvious with increasing culture time. In turn, microbes proliferate can accelerate the catabolism of theabrowns. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Study on Processing of Cold Soluble De-bitter Instant Green Tea by Membrane System XIAO Wen-jun, LIU Zhong-hua*, GONG Zhi-hua, XIAO Li-zheng Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (2): 146-152.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.02.012 Abstract （481）      PDF（pc） （216KB）（472）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the researched fact that if the ratio of simple catechin /estered catechin is more than 0.5, the instant green tea has no bitter taste, the ultra-filtration and concentration tests for the micro-filtrated steamed green tea liquid by pilot instruments were carried out in order to process the cold soluble de-bitter instant green tea .The result showed that under the conditions of 35℃, 1.74βMpa and 2 times dialysis while the ultra-filtrated liquor was 80% of the original liquor and the weight of each dialytic water is 10% of the original liquor, the rate of simple catechin /estered catechin in the mixed liquid of 3500βDa ultra-filtrated liquid and dialysed liquid could reach 0.53, the yield rate of simple catechins, estered catechins, EGCG, and total catechins reached 57.00%, 20.00%, 20.00% and 30.0%, respectively, whose content was 14.47%, 12.78%, 8.34% and 26.32% respectively, and the instant green tea product had no bitter taste. The concentration method of 300βDa nano-filtration for the mixed liquid under the conditions of 35℃, 2.4βMpa showed the best work efficiency, the product 0.45g could easily dissolved in 140βml 4 ℃water within 20 second ,and the quality component losed little . Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select Study on the Characteristics of CsPHT1;3 and Its Response to Selenium in Tea Plants GUO Lina, HAO Xinyuan, WANG Lu, QI Meng, LI Xiaoman, REN Hengze, ZHENG Qinghua, WANG Xinchao, ZENG Jianming Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 173-182.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.003 Abstract （409）      PDF（pc） （1242KB）（472）       Knowledge map    Save Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement for human, and Se enriched products are important sources for Se intake in human. Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) have strong selenium enrichment ability. However, there is limited research on the molecular mechanism of phosphate transporters involved in Se absorption. In this study, CsPHT1;3 gene was cloned and its characteristics and responses to Se concentrations, valence, pH, time and expression in various Se-enriched tea resources were investigated. Gene characteristic analysis of CsPHT1;3 shows that CsPHT1;3 is grouped into phosphate transporter PHT1 subfamily and localized in the plasma membrane. The CsPHT1;3 protein contains the conserved domain GGDYPLSATIxSE, which belongs to the PHT1 protein. Expression pattern analysis of CsPHT1;3 in various tissues suggests that the expression levels of CsPHT1;3 in mature leaves and root tissues were significantly higher than those in other tissues. The induction results of different Se concentrations and valence states indicate that CsPHT1;3 was significantly induced by Se4+ at 1 d and 7 d after treatments. The expression of CsPHT1;3 in roots was obviously induced by Se6+ except for 3 d after treatment but largely unaffected by Se6+ concentration. The results of different pH and Se4+ treatments show that, at pH5, the highest expression of CsPHT1;3 in tea roots was observed at 24 h. While at pH3, the highest expression of CsPHT1;3 in tea roots was observed at 48 h. Moreover, at pH7, the highest expression of CsPHT1;3 in tea roots was observed at 72 h. The results of sodium selenate treatment on different Se-enriched tea resources indicate that the expression of CsPHT1;3 in the leaves and roots did not respond to sodium selenate treatment. However, the results of sodium selenite treatment on different Se-enriched tea resources suggest that CsPHT1;3 is significantly up-regulated in the leaves of Se-enriched tea resources. The above studies indicated that CsPHT1;3 may participate in the absorption and redistribution of selenite by roots in tea plants, which is important for the breeding of Se-enriched tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Functional Identification of CsbHLH024 and CsbHLH133 Transcription Factors in Tea Plants LIU Renjian, WANG Yuyuan, LIU Shaoqun, SHU Canwei, SUN Binmei, ZHENG Peng Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 347-357.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.03.001 Abstract （619）      PDF（pc） （1629KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant leaf trichomes contain various secondary metabolites and play an important role in the tea appearance quality as well as the response of tea plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the function of leaf trichome-related genes CsbHLH024 and CsbHLH133 were analyzed using Bimolecular Fluorescent Complimentary (BiFC), GUS staining and overexpression experiments. The results show that CsbHLH024/CsbHLH133 and CsTTG1 could interact in plants, and their promoters could drive downstream gene expression in leaf tissues. They were further transformed into wild Arabidopsis thaliana (Col) and corresponding homozygous mutants, respectively to get overexpression lines. Both genes could affect the leaf trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, restore the phenotype of the mutants, and induce the expression levels of trichome-related genes. This study provided a theoretical basis for further research on the molecular regulation mechanism of trichome formation in tea leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (01): 43-46.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.01.007 Abstract （567）      PDF（pc） （108KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1995, 15 (01): 43-48.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1995.01.008 Abstract （377）      PDF（pc） （208KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Burning Character of Tea-seed Oil as An Alternative Fuel in Diesel Engine MA Rong-chao, QIN Wen Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (2): 105-108.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.02.006 Abstract （547）      PDF（pc） （312KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Vegetal energy is becoming one of the important energy sources for diesel engine. A test of burning character on S195 diesel engine was carried out using tea-seed oil as the alternative fuel. The results showed that it is feasible to burn mixture oil of tea-seed oil and diesel oil without changing the structure of the engine. When burning the tea-seed oil or mixture fuel in the engine, the exhaust pollution is on decline, but the specific fuel consumption rats and deposit charcoal of combustion chambers and injection nozzles are more than ever. The performance of the engine is rather good when burning the mixture of tea-seed oil and diesel oil in same volume and the angle of pre-oil-supplied is 19o CA. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8) Select Aroma Components of Oolong Tea by HS-SPME-GC-MS and GC-O MIAO Ai-qing, LU Hai-peng, SUN Shi-li, WANG Li, PANG Shi, LAI Zhao-xiang, ZENG Qiong, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 583-587.   Abstract （472）      PDF（pc） （244KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save The aroma components of four Oolong teas were estimated by HS-SPME-GC-MS and GC-O. The results showed that the main volatile aroma components of Baiye Dancong were linalool and its oxide (I), indoles for Jinxuan, linalool, methyl salicylate, (Z)-hexanoic acid-3-hexenyl ester and alpha-farnesene for Tieguanyin, and linalool oxide (I), (Z)-hexanoic acid-3-hexenyl ester and alpha-farnesene for Huangjingui, respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(42) Select Evaluation on the Function and Toxicity of Extraction of Characteristic Components in Yunnan pu-erh Tea GONG Jia-shun, CHEN Wen-ping, ZHOU Hong-jie, DONG Zhao-jun, ZHANG Yi-fang Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (3): 201-210.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.03.011 Abstract （614）      PDF（pc） （2116KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save ：The anti-fatigue, reduced cholesterol function, acute toxicity and the mutagenicity of extraction of characteristic components in Yunnan pu-erh tea were studied using mouse as experimental animals. It had significant function of anti-fatigue and reduced cholesterol for mouse, its effects was better than that of water extracts of pu-erh tea. The oral acute toxicity in mouse,Ames test,micronucleus test in bone narrow and chromosome abnormality test of characteristic components extraction in Yunnan pu-erh tea were also carried out．The oral LD50 value of this extraction in mouse was more than 10.0βg/kg．The number of relevant strain colonies had no remarkable increase in the Ames test with and without S9 mixture, and the relationship of dose-response was also not found. The micronucleus rates and chromosome abnormality rates at all range of doses had no significant difference compared with the control group. At the dose of 500~5β000βμg/ml, the characteristic components extraction could not cause the increase of mutagenic rate of CHL (Chinese Hamster Lung Fibroblast, CHL) cells. It suggested that the extraction of characteristic components in Yunnan pu-erh tea has no mutagenicity for mouse． Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(71) Select Study on the Regulation of Blood Lipid by Fuzhuan Tea XIAO Wen-jun, REN Guo-pu, FU Dong-he, GONG Zhi-hua, XIAO Li-zheng, LIU Zhong-hua Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (3): 211-214.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.03.012 Abstract （428）      PDF（pc） （399KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save The experiment of three different doses of instant Fuzhuan tea (0.085βg/kg·bw, 0.170βg/kg·bw and 0.510βg/kg·bw) Feed on the Wistar mouse for 30 days were conducted. The results showed that Fuzhuan tea had the effect of decreasing the body weight, TC, TG and increasing the HDL-C. The Fuzhuan tea beverage processed by the method of extracting the tea for 1 hour with the ratio of 1:1000 of tea to water. The beverage was drank by volunteers with the dose of 1β000βml/day for 34 days, the content of TC and TG in drinker decreased significantly, the content of LDL-C also decreased, and the content of HDL-C increased significantly. All the drinker felt fine, and their blood general index, blood sugar index and liver and kidney function all were normal. The beverage was stable for 90 days storage, all indexs were accord with the national hygeian standard. All results suggested Fuzhuan tea showed beneficial effect on the regulation of blood lipid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1998, 18 (01): 1-5.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1998.01.001 Abstract （320）      PDF（pc） （1585KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Hypoglycemic Effects of Black Tea and Fungus Fermented Black Brick Tea on Hyperglycemic Model Mice ZHOU Yang, XIAO Wenjun, LIN Ling, YUAN Dongyin, PENG Yingqi, TAN Chunbo, ZHANG Qiang, GONG Zhihua Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 415-424.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.006 Abstract （1290）      PDF（pc） （700KB）（470）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the successfully establishment of hyperglycemia model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, 90 KM male mice were randomly divided into the normal, model, black tea treated (high, medium, low doses), fungus fermented black brick tea treated (high, medium, low doses) and metformin hydrochloride (n=10/each group) groups, and were continuously administrated for 28 days to study the hypoglycemic effects of black tea and fungus fermented black brick tea processed from the same batch of fresh leaves. The results show that compared with the normal group, the weight, water, diet and blood glucose levels of the model group were significantly different (P<0.01). The blood glucose level of the model group reached the standard of hyperglycemic index and indicates that the model was successful. Compared with the model group, the high dose of black tea treated group and fungus fermented black brick tea treated groups’ liver index were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and the pancreas index were significantly enhanced (P<0.05). The total cholesterols of the middle and high doses of black tea treated groups and fungus fermented black brick tea treated groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased (P<0.05). The blood sugar, triglyceride and malondialdehyde levels of black tea treated groups and fungus fermented black brick tea treated groups were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Besides, glucose tolerance, activity of glutathione peroxidase, insulin levels were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The damaged structure of pancreas were repaired in black tea treated and fungus fermented black brick tea treated groups. Except for the low-dose black tea treated group, the hepatic glycogen level were enhanced in other black tea treated groups (P<0.05). Compared with the black tea groups, the high-dose fungus fermented black brick tea was significantly superior to the high-dose black tea in improving insulin level, blood sugar level, oral glucose tolerance, malondialdehyde level and liver glycogen level (P<0.05). The middle and high dose groups of fungus fermented black brick tea were also significantly superior to the middle and high dose groups of black tea in increasing the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The results prompt that both the black tea and fungus fermented black brick tea could reduce the blood glucose of hyperglycemic mice, and fungus fermented black brick tea had better effects than black tea. The underlying mechanism needs further investigation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Metabolite Changes in the Natural Withering Process of Fu′an White Tea Based on Non-targeted Metabolomics Approach YUE Wenjie, JIN Xinyi, CHEN Mingjie, YE Naixing, GUO Li, ZHAO Feng Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 379-392.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210304.001 Abstract （964）      PDF（pc） （4245KB）（470）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, Camellia sinensis cv Fu'an Dabai was used as materials to make white tea following the standard indoor natural withering procedure. Samples were collected every 3 h, and non-targeted metabolomics was used to analyze tea metabolite changes. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that metabolite contents in fresh leaves showed regular dynamic changes during the process of indoor natural withering of white tea. Totally 109 metabolites with significant difference were identified and showed 5 major patterns. These patterns could be divided into four stages: 24 h before withering, 24-48 h during withering, 48-57 h during withering and after 57 h. According to their structure, these metabolites can be classified into 4 types. The 8 monomer catechins (Catechins) showed a downward trend during the withering process. The contents of 18 proanthocyanidins (PAs) and 5 Theasinensins (TSs) showed different trends. The galloyl containing PAs and TSs showed an upward trend, while non- galloyl containing PAs and TSs showed an opposite trend. For glycoside derivatives, 6 kaempferol glycosides, 4 Quercetin (quercetin) glycoside and 1 apigenin glycoside showed an upward trend. Their contents increased significantly after 48 h withering. In the process of withering, 5 of the 12 phenolic acids showed an upward trend. While the rest 7 showed a downward trend. All of them reached their peaks or bottom at 57-60 h. In addition, 22 different metabolites including alkaloids, amino acids, peptides, coumarins, sugars, etc. were also identified. Caffeine showed an upward trend. Their contents reached the peaks at 60 h. Theobromine decreased significantly in the mid-withering period, and slightly recovered in the latter period. The contents of 2 theanine isomer and 4 coumarins rose to the peak at 12 h. After that, there was an overall downward trend during the withering process. These data offered important insights for understanding the biosynthesis and regulation mechanism of white tea during indoor natural withering process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Sensory Characteristics of Yellow Large Leaf Tea by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and Construction of Flavor Wheel DAI Qianying, YE Yingjun, AN Qi, ZHENG Fangling, XIAO Mingji, XIAO Mengxuan, WANG Huiqiang, ZHANG Haiwei Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (4): 535-544.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.04.007 Abstract （885）      PDF（pc） （1993KB）（470）       Knowledge map    Save Based on GB/T 16861—1997 and quantitative descriptive analysis, the sensory flavor characteristics of yellow large leaf tea were studied. Generating by panelists freely, the initial 110 attributes were collected. After deleting of the synonymous, vague and adverb qualifiers attributes, combining with M-value and correlation analysis method, 27 attributes were ultimately obtained. The flavor wheel of yellow large leaf tea was drawn with the first-level terms of smell and taste, the second-level terms of aroma, flavor, basic taste and mouthfeel, and 27 attributes as the third-level terms, quantitative reference samples were set for 18 typical flavor attributes, and finally the sensory description vocabulary of yellow large leaf tea with different strength reference materials was established, thus realizing the qualitative and quantitative sensory evaluation of yellow large leaf tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Multi-phase Distribution of Black Tea Infusion Taste Compounds LIN Dai, LI Bingjie, ZHOU Jianwu, RAO Pingfan Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 347-355.   Abstract （469）      PDF（pc） （973KB）（469）    PDF（mobile） （973KB）（9）    Knowledge map    Save The black tea infusion was separated into three phases: suspension, colloid, and the true solution by microfiltration and ultrafiltration at different temperatures. Then the concentration and distribution proportion of caffeine, total polyphenols, amino acids, and total sugars were measured. The colloidal properties were measured by Malvern. According to the sensory evaluation and the changes in contents of theaflavin, thearubigins, theabrownin, the correlations between the distribution proportion of the taste compounds, the colloid properties and the flavor of tea infusion were established. The results revealed that the proportion of taste compounds in different phases of the tea infusion was significantly different at different temperature, and the proportion of colloid/true solution could affect the size, potential of the colloidal system and the flavor. The tea infusion acquired a best sensory score by microfiltration at 50℃, while the composition distributions of colloid and true solution were 1︰3.8 for caffeine, 1.2︰1 for total polyphenols, 1︰7.5 for amino acids and 1︰4.3 for total sugars. The average particle size was 160βnm, and the Zeta potential was -25.5βmV. The 50℃ filtrated tea was mellow, rich in aroma, stable, and had uniform particle size distribution. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Review on the Studies about Safety Assessment of Pu-erh Tea MA Yan, CHEN Lijiao, LYU Caiyou, ZHAO Ming Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 221-226.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.001 Abstract （674）      PDF（pc） （622KB）（469）       Knowledge map    Save Toxicology assessment is an important index to evaluate food safety. To provide scientific references for the evaluation of safety of Pu-erh tea, relative studies were reviewed. The acute oral toxicity tests showed that the LD50 of Pu-erh tea was great than 5β000βmg·kg-1, which belonged to the actual non-toxic level. The no-observed-adverse-effect-levels of non-fermented and post-fermented Pu-erh tea were 1β250βmg·kg-1·d-1 and 5β000βmg·kg-1·d-1 in 28βd or 90βd administration tests. Pu-erh tea showed no mutagenicity on the primitive, authentic and reproductive cells during genetic toxicity evaluation. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of Pu-erh tea was 700βmg·kg-1·d-1 for both reproductive and developmental toxicities. Little or none toxicity of Pu-erh tea to mice liver cells was observed. No pathological change was observed in human acute and subacute toxicity assays. In conclusion, the toxicology assessments proved the safety of Pu-erh tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Dark Tea on Fetal Bovine Serum Fat Accumulation in HepG2 Cells LI Su, ZHU Nan-nan, LIU Zhong-hua, JIANG Hua-jun Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 45-52.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.004 Abstract （517）      PDF（pc） （1015KB）（468）       Knowledge map    Save Fu brick tea extract(FZ), Liubao tea extract(LB), Qing brick tea extract(QZ), Qianliang tea extract(QL) were assessed for the hepatic lipid-lowering potential when administered conditions contained 50% FBS in 48βh to establish the model of hepatic steatosis in vitro. MTT value, total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol(TC) were used to evaluate the effect of dark tea on HepG2 steatosis. Compared with the model groups, cellular lipid accumulation was significantly suppressed in the treatment groups. Moreover,FZ, LB, QZ, QL all showed highly significant inhibitory effect against TG accumulation(P<0.01). FZ, QZ also significantly reduced the TC accumulation (P<0.01), however, the effect of LB and QL were obvious. These results showed dark tea extracts might reduce lipid accumulation in cell. It showed the suppressive effect on lipid accumulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 62-65.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.013 Abstract （393）      PDF（pc） （51KB）（468）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1990, 10 (02): 71-75.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1990.02.014 Abstract （388）      PDF（pc） （263KB）（468）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Selection of Clarifiers of Fermented Tea Wine QIU Xin-ping, LI Li-xiang, NI Yuan, XU Rui-rui, JIANG Qi-zhong Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (6): 537-545.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.06.010 Abstract （593）      PDF（pc） （670KB）（468）       Knowledge map    Save Six clarifiers including bentonite, gelatine, chitosan, casein, diatomite and PVPP were applied separately in the clarifying treatment of fermented tea wine and their effects were evaluated through the determination of the light transmittance, absorbency value, alcoholicity, residual sugar, polyphenol compound and acidity of the fermented tea wine. Results indicated that the optimum addition quantity of bentonite, gelatine, chitosan, casein and diatomite were 0.6g/L, 0.2g/L, 1.0g/L, 0.2g/L and 0.4g/L, and PVPP was not suitable as clarifier of tea wine. And chitosan was the best clarifier for the tea wine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Preliminary Study on Biochemical Composition and Processing Quality of Chongzhou Loquat Wild Tea Plants in Sichuan WANG Chun-mei, TANG Qian, DU Xiao, CHEN Chang-hui, XU Jing-yi, LI Pin-wu Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (4): 305-312.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.04.011 Abstract （551）      PDF（pc） （770KB）（467）       Knowledge map    Save According to the current resource status and the botanical charactenstic of Chongzhou loquat wild tea plants, the representative plants were selected and divided as six types (from A to F). The major biochemical components were determined, and the quality of manufactured black tea and green tea was evaluated. Results showed that: To different types of Chongzhou loquat tea, free amino acids arranged at (2.46±0.07)%~(5.69±0.10)%, polyphenol content arranged at (21.41±13.48)%~(37.16±0.99)%, caffeine content arranged at (4.01±0.18)%~ (4.88±0.03)%, water extract content arranged at (33.31±2.49)%~(47.28±1.35)%, total catechins arranged at (77.08±1.18)~(236.47±29.59)mg/g. Some types of Chongzhou loquat wild tea plants can be used as resources in the breeding of high content of catechin, caffeine and other specific ingredients of tea varieties. It can be deduced that E-Class was appropriate system of black tea and F-Class was suitable for green tea by using the caffeine ECG, EGC as the first, second and third principle components or the combinational factors on the quality of broken black tea and according to the contents of major biochemical components and polyphenol/amino acids ratio and sensory evaluation scores. It can be inferred from the content of theanine and phenylalanine, total catechins and catechins components that E-class was closer to the cultivative type among 6 types of Chongzhou loquat tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8) Select Driving Factors and Their Acting Path of Farmers' Ecological Construction Behavior in Tea Garden ——Analyzed on Sample Data of Anxi County by SEM GAO Shuilian, LEI Zhengyan, HU Shanshan, CHEN Qianjie, YANG Jiangfan Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (4): 372-384.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.005 Abstract （649）      PDF（pc） （904KB）（466）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the driving factors and their acting path of famers’ ecological construction behavior in tea gardens, 310 effective survey data from Anxi County were obtained and a structural equation model (SEM) was established. The results showed that the policy factors, ecology consciousness and development expectation could promote tea farmers’ ecological construction behavior to effectively improve the ecological conditions of tea gardens. The influence coefficients of three key driving factors were 0.43, 0.36, 0.21, and the tea farmers’ ecological construction behavior could effectively improve the ecological situation of tea gardens, with the explained degree of about 0.87. Therefore, government should improve the tea garden ecological construction policies, enhance the ecological consciousness and ability of tea farmers, guide farmers to establish the correct concept of tea industry development and construct the guidance mechanism of ecological tea consumption market to drive the farmers' ecological construction behavior in tea garden. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (01): 33-42.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.01.006 Abstract （423）      PDF（pc） （131KB）（466）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select A Method for Determination of Imidacloprid Residue in Tea with HPLC-UV HOU Ru-yan, ZHU Xu-jun, ZHANG Zheng-zhu, CAI Hui-mei, WAN Xiao-chun Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (1): 67-71.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.1.011 Abstract （627）      PDF（pc） （365KB）（466）       Knowledge map    Save A method was developed for determination of imidacloprid residue in tea by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector. Imidacloprid in tea samples was extracted with methyl alcohol and re-extracted by dichloromethane then cleaned up with the ENVI-18 cartridge. Imdacloprid was eluted with acetonitrile:water(v/v, 30:70) solution from the cartridge and detected with HPLC. The recovery of imidacolprid ranged from 81.5%~87.9% with the RSD less than 10.2%. Practical determination limit was 0.05 mg/kg. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(20) Select Journal of Tea Science    1994, 14 (02): 89-94.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1994.02.002 Abstract （320）      PDF（pc） （404KB）（465）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Potential Climate-suitable Distribution of Ectropis Grisescens in China Based on the CLIMEX and ArcGIS Prediction CHEN Lilin, ZHOU Hao, ZHAO Jie Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 817-829.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.009 Abstract （656）      PDF（pc） （1842KB）（465）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the data of 820 meteorological stations in China, known geographic distribution data and biological data, the current and potential geographic distribution of a major pest Ectropis grisescens Warren in tea plantations were predicted using CLIMEX models and ArcGIS software. The potential effects of climate change on the future distribution of E. grisescens were also evaluated. The results suggest that the potential geographic distribution area was between 3°51′N and 40°6′N, which accounts for 34.27% of the total area of the country. The climatic conditions of most provinces and regions in China were suitable for the survival of E. grisescens. Due to climate change, the increasing rate of potential suitable area for E. grisescens grew slowly, but its composition changed greatly. By 2050, the predicted proportion of highly suitable area reached a maximum of 22.23%. Compared with A1B, the A2 scenario would accelerate E. grisescens extension in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region. As E. grisescens are widely distributed in China, we suggested that monitoring measures should be improved and pest control should be taken as early as possible to ensure the safe production and quality of tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Determination of Reducing Sugar in Tea Food SHENG Zheng, DU Wenkai, WANG Chongchong, ZHANG Boan, ZHANG Haihua, DU Qizhen Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (4): 567-575.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.011 Abstract （338）      PDF（pc） （2929KB）（465）       Knowledge map    Save In order to find an accurate method to determine the content of reducing sugar in the digestive products of tea noodle products, phenolic acid, phenolic and glucose blending systems and phenolic and amylenzymeate blending systems alone were used to study the effects of four typical phenols including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallic acid, proanthocyanidin and ferulic acid on the quantitative determination of reducing sugars by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, glucose oxidase/peroxidase (GOPOD) method and fluorescence-assisted sugar electrophoresis (FACE) method. The results show that ferulic acid had no effect on the DNS method, while EGCG, gallic acid and proanthocyanidin could react with DNS, indicating that they would affect the accuracy of the DNS method. All four phenolic substances significantly reduced the glucose results determined by GOPOD method, while the FACE method was not affected by phenols and could visually characterize the distribution of oligo reducing sugar in the amylase hydrolysate. Therefore, the FACE method has a good application value in determining the content of reducing sugars in tea noodle products and their enzymatic digestion products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Construction of Jasmine Tea Flavor Index and Decision Tree Model in Identificating Scenting Quality TANG Xiani, XIA Yimin, LEI Yonghong, WANG Xiaochang, LIN Jie Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (6): 646-654.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.06.012 Abstract （729）      PDF（pc） （970KB）（465）       Knowledge map    Save The ‘jasmine tea flavor’ (JIF) index of well-scented, poor-scented and not-scented jasmine teas was determined by analysis of the volatile components of 32 samples combined with relative references. Results showed that the JTF index was highly correlated with the total volatiles. Principal component analysis (PCA) were performed on 29 volatile compounds in 32 jasmine tea samples. It can be found that the JTF index and 29 volatile compounds were very helpful for identification of fake jasmine teas. In addition, the Quality Determination Model for jasmine tea was constructed with two decision nodes (JTF index=0.915, less than 4 components were missed in the twenty-nine volatile compounds). It was confirmed that the criteria was feasible for the quality identification of jasmine tea. Moreover, the construction of a decision tree model will provide a promising method for quality control and technology development of jasmine tea, especially for the admixture (such as synthetic fragrance oil). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Activity of Dark Tea Extracts on PPARs Model SONG Lu-bin, HUANG Jian-an, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Hao, WANG Kun-bo Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (5): 319-325.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.002 Abstract （564）      PDF（pc） （329KB）（464）       Knowledge map    Save Pu-er tea, Liu-bao tea, Fu-zhuan tea, Hua-zhuan tea, Qing-zhuan tea and Hei-zhuan tea as study material, and Tuo tea, Mi-zhuan tea as contrast material, the activity of dark tea on PPARδ and PPARγ model was studied. The results showed that the activation of dark tea to PPARδ & PPARγ receptor is high, and the activating components in dark tea on PPAR can be extracted by hot water. Therefore, dark tea showed a certain role on Hyperlipidemia, anti-obesity, regulation of carbohydrate metabolic and antiatherosclerosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(21) Select Deodorizing Effect of Tea Functional Ingredients on Methyl Mercaptan GONG Yu-shun, HUANG Jian-an, LIU Zhong-hua, WANG Kun-bo, YANG Zhi-hui Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (2): 111-114.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.02.007 Abstract （849）      PDF（pc） （252KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save The deodorizing effect of tea functional ingredients on methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) was studied in this investigation. The results indicated that green tea extracts, catechins and EGCG showed deodorizing negative effect on methyl mercaptan, while theaflavins was effective. When dissolved in pH10 alkaline solution, theaflavins showed extremely strong activity, and the effectiveness against methyl mercaptan reached 0.232 mg separately per 1 mg 40% theaflavins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Photo-physiological Characteristics of Tea Plant JIANG Yue-lin, ZHANG Shi-ding, ZHANG Qing-guo Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (1): 43-48.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.01.008 Abstract （382）      PDF（pc） （407KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save The net photosynthesis(Pn), transpiration(Tr), stomatal conductance(Sc), water use efficiencyβ(WUE), chlorophyll contents and nutrient elements content of tea plant under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions were measured, and responses to elevated CO2 were discussed. The results showed that Pn increased by 17.9% and 25.8% under elevated (550 and 750μmol·mol-1)CO2, compared to the ambient air CO2 concentration. At the same time, midday depression of photosynthesis abated or disappeared. Sc reduced by 7.6% and 13.0% and Tr decreased slightly. WUE increased by 21.6% and 35.8%. It was also found that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotennoid contents increased by 12.8%~18.4%, 14.0%~22.0%, 13.1%~19.4% and 17.2%~20.1% in shoots of tea plant. However, the ratio of chlorophyll a to b reduced. The N, K, and Ca contents in shoots decreased to some extent. The Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu contents increased with CO2 enrichment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Eurotium Cristatum Strains on Content of Free-state Fluorine in Tea during the Fungus Growing Process of Brick Tea GUAN Mei-ling, LIU Zhong-hua, LIU Su-chun, CHEN Dong, HUANG Jian-an, LI Jia-lian Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (5): 386-390.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.05.001 Abstract （526）      PDF（pc） （473KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save For the purpose of revealing the influence of Eurotium Cristatum on content of free-state fluorine in tea , Eurotium Cristatum original strains and a mutant strain were used as pure strains during the fungus growing process of maojian tea(green tea) and raw dark green tea. Then the content of free-state fluorine in tea before and after the fungus growing process and in “Golden Flower” pellets were determined respectively. Also, the concentration of free-state fluorine in tea infusion before and after liquid fermentation with Eurotium Cristatum strain was determined. The results showed that both Eurotium Cristatum original strains and the mutant strain could increase the content of free-state fluorine in raw dark green tea by 7.94% and 10.47% respectively as compared with the tea that not inoculated the Fungi. But there was no influence on the content of free-state fluorine in maojian tea. “Golden Flower” pellets contained some free-state fluorine. Eurotium Cristatum strain could absorb a small amounts of free-state fluorine in tea infusion, but there was no dependency between absorptive amount and original concentration of free-state fluorine. Influence of Eurotium Cristatum strains on the content of free-state fluorine in tea was differed with the original level of fluorine in different tea, also, Eurotium Cristatum strains couldn’t concentrate the fluorine from environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Data Mining for SSRs in ESTs and Development of EST-SSR Marker in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) JIN Ji-qiang, CUI Hai-rui, CHEN Wen-yue, LU Mei-zhen, YAO Yan-ling, XIN Ya, GONG Xiao-chun Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 17-23.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.003 Abstract （520）      PDF（pc） （418KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save ：Totally 281 SSRs distributed in 246 ESTs were mined out, accounting for 17.68% of 1589 ESTs updated in tea. The average length of tea plant EST-SSRs searched out is 33.06βbp and the average distance of distribution is 1/2.16βkb. The dinucleotide repeat is the dominant type with repeat motif AG/CT being the most common. 19 primer pairs for EST-SSRs were designed. After testing on the annealing temperature and the concentration of primers, dNTP and MgCl2, a suitable PCR system was established. Under the condition of reaction system developed, the primers designed were screened against genomic DNA of Longjing 43 from which most EST-SSRs were derived, and 16 primer pairs showed the amplification,accounting for 82.4% of total primers. Then the primers showing amplification were subjected to PCR for DNAs from 10 tea plant cultivars and 10 primer sets showed polymorphisms, accounting for 62.5% of primers available. Results prove that it is an effective and feasible approach to develop SSR markers based on ESTs in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of CAB Gene Family and Excavation of Key Genes Related to Leaf Yellowing Variationin Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) ZHONG Sitong, ZHANG Yazhen, YOU Xiaomei, CHEN Zhihui, KONG Xiangrui, LIN Zhenghe, WU Huini, JIN Shan, CHEN Changsong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 175-192.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.007 Abstract （295）      PDF（pc） （2408KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save Members of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (CAB) gene family play an important role in plant leaf yellowing variation. In this study, the CAB family members were identified from tea plant ‘Tieguanyin’ genomic data. The bioinformatics and expression patterns were analyzed. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the CABs gene were analyzed by gene cloning and qRT-PCR in tea cultivars with different leaf colors. The key CAB genes related to tea yellowing were screened by correlation analysis of leaf color parameters and chlorophyll SPAD values. The results show that 25 members of the CAB gene family were identified, their amino acid length ranged from 167-337 and the protein molecular weight ranged from 18.5-37.1 kDa. Most CAB members were stable and hydrophobic proteins, and distributed in chloroplast by the subcellular localization prediction. According to the evolutionary relationship, CAB family members are divided into 13 subfamilies, and the Lhcb1 subfamily has the most members. Cis-acting element analysis of promoter shows that CAB family members have a lot of light-responsive elements, as well as other elements related to growth and development, hormone response, and adversity stress. The members of Lhcb1 subfamily were cloned from tea plants, CAB1, CAB6, and CAB7 genes were screened by sequence alignment. The expression analysis shows that CAB1, CAB6, and CAB7 genes had tissue expression characteristics with higher expression levels in buds, leaves and fruits, and could respond to various stresses. Finally, the qRT-PCR indicates that the expressions of CAB1, CAB6, and CAB7 genes were consistent in the yellow and green leaves. Compared with green leaves, the expression of CAB genes in yellow leaves were significantly down-regulated. The correlation analysis of gene expressions and related leaf color parameters shows that the gene expressions of CAB1, CAB6, and CAB7 were significantly correlated with leaf color parameters a, b, L, and chlorophyll SPAD values (P<0.01). Among them, the expression of CAB1 shows the highest correlation coefficient. The subcellular localization analysis shows that CAB1 was distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and chloroplasts. The studies analyzed the basic characteristics of CAB family members in tea plants and the key genes related to tea color variation were identified, which provided a theoretical basis for the molecular regulation mechanism of tea color variation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Contents of Glomalin-related Soil Protein and Its Correlations with Soil Factors in the Rhizosphere of Tea Plant [Camellia Sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] GAO Xiubing, XING Dan, CHEN Yao, ZHOU Fuyu, ZHAO Huafu, CHEN Juan, GUO Can, ZHOU Yufeng Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (2): 191-200.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.02.010 Abstract （546）      PDF（pc） （983KB）（463）       Knowledge map    Save Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) is a kind of glycoprotein containing metal ions that are secreted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). It plays an important role in maintaining physiological functions of AMF and stabilization of soil organic carbon and soil aggregate. In this paper, the contents of GRSP and its correlations with soil factors were analyzed in the rhizosphere of tea plant [Camellia Sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze]. Total glomalin-related soil protein (T-GRSP) and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) as well as soil factors were investigated by Bradford and conventional soil factors analysis method in four key tea planting areas (Meitan county Shiqian county Guiding county and Douyun city) of Guizhou province southwest China. The results showed that GRSP levels were dependent on both rhizospheres of different tea cultivars and planting areas. The range of T-GRSP and EE-GRSP were 5.71-22.84 mg·g-1 and 2.35-7.91 mg·g-1; with average of 12.96 mg·g-1 and 4.88 mg·g-1 respectively. Correlation analysis showed that T-GRSP was significant positive correlation with hydrolysable nitrogen (Nh); organic matter (OM) and available potassium (Pa). EE-GRSP was positive correlated with Nh Pa and OM but negative correlated with soil pH. The result of multiple linear regression equation showed that different soil factors showed different impact on the content of T-GRSP and EE-GRSP. For T-GRSP: Nh > Pa > OM. For EE-GRSP: OM > Pa. These results showed the GRSP was remarkably abundant in the rhizosphere of tea plant and closely related with soil factors; so the content of GRSP may be an appropriate index for evaluating soil quality in tea garden. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Different Photosynthetic Responses of Camellia sinensis to Lushan Altitude Gradient CHENG Dongmei, ZHANG Li, WEI Hongfei, JIANG Xinfeng, ZHOU Saixia, ZHANG Zhiyong, PENG Yansong Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 447-454.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.010 Abstract （900）      PDF（pc） （807KB）（462）       Knowledge map    Save To illustrate the photosynthetic response and photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) photoinhibition of tea leaves to altitudinal gradient, native tea population of Camellia sinensis grown in the cloudy and misty Lushan Mount was measured in terms of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. Results show that the leaf thickness, maximum photosynthesis rate (Pnmax), maximum relative electron transport rate of PSⅡ [rETR(Ⅱ)]max, compensation irradiation (Ic), saturation irradiation (Isat), half saturation irradiation (Ik) and water usage efficiency (WUE) increased with the altitude increased. While vapor pressure deficit (VPD), stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 and dark respiration rate (Rd) displayed an opposite trend. The maximum potential photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) increased while the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSⅡ [Y(NO)] decreased with the altitude increased. The effective photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡ [Φ(Ⅱ)], photochemical quenching (qP) and relative electron transport rate of PSⅡ [rETR(Ⅱ)] all increased at higher altitudes. Overall, tea trees at lower altitudes exhibited decrease of photosynthetic performance compared to those at higher altitudes, due to photoinhibition of PSⅡ. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification and Expression Analysis of Tea Plant (Camellia sinesis) miR164a and Its Target Gene KONG Lei, ZHU Xiangxiang, WANG Yiwei, XIE Xiaofang, JIANG Changjun, LI Yeyun Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (6): 547-558.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.06.001 Abstract （669）      PDF（pc） （2159KB）（462）       Knowledge map    Save Plant miR164 is involved in complex physiological processes such as plant growth and development regulation and stress responses by negatively regulating the target gene NAC transcription factors. The identification, cloning and sequence analysis of miR164a and its target gene NAC1 in tea plant were carried out by high-throughput sequencing of microRNA and degradome analysis. The expression patterns of Csn-miR164a and its target gene CsNAC1 during leaf development and under high or low temperature stresses were also studied. The length of Csn-miR164a precursor is 126βbp, and the mature sequence is 21βbp. The CsNAC1 ORF is 912βbp, encoding 303 amino acids. There are a typical NAM domain at the N terminus of CsNAC1 protein and a Csn-miR164a recognition site at the C-terminus. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of Csn-miR164a was the highest in the bud and the lowest in the seventh leaves. Under high and low temperature treatments, the expression of Csn-miR164a was down regulated, while the expression level of CsNAC1 increased. The expression of Csn-miR164a was negatively correlatied with the expression of the target gene CsNAC1. The results revealed that Csn-miR164a and its target gene CsNAC1 might be closely related to the growth and stress responses in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Experimental Study on High-quality Tea Plucking by Robot LI Yatao, ZHOU Yujie, WANG Shaoqing, CHEN Jianneng, HE Leiying, JIA Jiangming, WU Chuanyu Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 75-83.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.003 Abstract （421）      PDF（pc） （1757KB）（462）       Knowledge map    Save This study evaluated the performance of a newly developed track-type tea plucking robot on Longjing tea picking, including its detection accuracy, localization accuracy, end effector plucking accuracy, time consumption across each stage. The results show that the detection success rate of the developed robot was 88.54%, the localization success rate was 84.07%, the end effector plucking success rate was 87.22%, and the overall plucking success rate was 61.30%. The plucked tea leaves met the requirements of middle-grade Longjing tea. The single tea shoot plucking time was approximately 1.51 s, and the machine could pluck over 2 000 tea shoots per hour, basically achieving the picking efficiency of one machine replacing one worker. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Simultaneous Determination of Glyphosate, Glufosinate and Aminomethyl Phosphonic Acid Residues in Tea by Modified QuEChERS Method Coupled with UPLC-MS/MS LI Ziqiang, YANG Mei, ZHANG Xinzhong, LUO Fengjian, LOU Zhengyun, LIANG Shuang Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 263-274.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.001 Abstract （463）      PDF（pc） （931KB）（462）       Knowledge map    Save An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid residues in black and green tea by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) coupled with a modified QuEChERS method. The samples were extracted twice with pure water, and the extraction solutions were purified by dispersive solid phase extraction with MWCNT, C18, PVPP and CNT-OH adsorbents. The mass spectrometry was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified by external standard method. The results show that glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid had a good linear relationship within a certain concentration range with correlation coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.999 3 to 1.000 0 in black and green tea. The limits of detection ( LOD ) of the method were 0.005 0, 0.030 mg·kg-1 and 0.030 mg·kg-1, respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.050, 0.10 mg·kg-1 and 0.10 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average spiked recovery rates and the relative standard deviations (RSD) of pesticides were in the range of 81.6%-120.0% and 0.6%-13.6%, respectively. The method is simple, inexpensive, reproducible, sensitive and suitable for the determination of glyphosate, glufosinate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid in black and green tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Bud and Leaf Characters and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Tea Cultivars in Sichuan XIE Wengang, CHEN Wei, TAN Liqiang, YAN Linfeng, TANG Qian Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (6): 813-822.   Abstract （588）      PDF（pc） （856KB）（462）       Knowledge map    Save In order to ascertain the photosynthetic performance and production potential of tea plants, three characteristic cultivars in Sichuan, including ‘Emeiwenchun', ‘Chuancha 2' and ‘Ziyan', were used as test materials, and the green leaf cultivar ‘Fudingdabaicha' and purple cultivar ‘Zijuan' were used as control. The photosynthetic index, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment content and bud and leaf characteristics of these cultivars in spring and summer were determined. The results show that in spring and summer, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the leaves of ‘Chuancha 2' were higher. Its ΦPSⅡ primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential activity (Fv/F0) were the highest. The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), the relative share of the photochemical reaction (P) in the energy distribution of the photosystem ΦPSⅡ, the relative share of the reaction center dissipation (EX) and the carotenoid content of ‘Chuancha 2' were also higher. ‘Emeiwenchun' had the highest Pn and WUE in spring, but low Pn in summer. Its ΦPSⅡ primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and potential activity (Fv/F0) were the lowest. The ΦPSⅡ effective photochemical efficiency (Fv'/Fm' ) and ΦPSⅡ actual photosynthetic capacity (PhiPS2) of ‘Emeiwenchun' were the slowest. The effective photochemical efficiency (Fv'/Fm') of ΦPSⅡ of ‘Ziyan' was the highest in spring and summer, and its Pn and photosynthetic pigment contents were higher. Compared with the data in spring, the summer transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal limit value (Ls) were increased, while WUE and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) were decreased in all cultivars. In terms of yield, the yield of ‘Chuancha 2' was significantly higher than those of other cultivars. The yield of ‘Emeiwenchun' was not significantly different from that of ‘Fudingdabaicha', and that of ‘Ziyan' was significantly lower than that of ‘Fudingdabaicha' (P<0.05). It was found that ‘Chuancha 2' had higher photosynthetic efficiency and WUE, and its yield was the highest. ‘Emeiwenchun' had relatively higher yield, photosynthetic capacity and WUE in spring, but lower in summer. The purple cultivar ‘Ziyan' had higher photosynthetic pigment and photosynthetic capacity, but lower yield. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (02): 201-206.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.02.009 Abstract （325）      PDF（pc） （156KB）（461）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Development of Amplitude Adjustable Imitation Manual Rocking Green Device for Oolong Tea and Research of Process Parameters BIAN Xianbing, WU Min, JIA Jiangming, DONG Chunwang, ZHANG Chen'an, ZHAO Runmao, CHEN Jianneng, WANG Jinshuang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 409-422.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.03.005 Abstract （470）      PDF（pc） （1967KB）（461）       Knowledge map    Save To better promote the large-scale standardized processing of oolong tea, improve the rocking green quality and machinery efficiency, and extend the application scope of equipment, an amplitude adjustable imitation manual rocking green device and a single input multi output power transmission mechanism were designed. The kinematics analysis model of the amplitude adjustable rocking green mechanism was established, and the spatial motion trajectory of the spherical screen was simulated by MATLAB. On this basis, a rocking green prototype was developed to carry out the multi index orthogonal test of 2 factors and 4 levels of the rocking green. Then, the multi index was transformed into a single index by comprehensive scoring method, and the best process parameters were btained by the orthogonal test analysis. Under the optimal process parameters, the moderate rate of oolong tea rocking green was 84.10%, the water loss rate was 33.63%, and the comprehensive score was 97.75% of the traditional manual rocking green. The experimental results show that the developed amplitude adjustable imitation manual rocking green mechanism is effective. On the basis of matching the relevant process parameters, it can be applied to the large-scale mechanical rocking green of fresh leaves in different tenderness and seasons. Meanwhile, it also provided a new reference method for the research of relevant process parameters in the field of tea processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Anti-obesity Effects of Fuzhuan Brick Tea on High-fat-diet Induced Obesity in Rats WANG Die, HUANG Jian-an, YE Xiao-yan, CAO Dan, ZHANG Jian-wei, LIU Zhong-hua Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (1): 81-86.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.01.007 Abstract （653）      PDF（pc） （804KB）（461）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of the Fuzhuan brick tea and green tea on a high-fat-diet induced rat model. Experimental groups were given daily oral administrations of tea aqueous extracts at different concentrations, which yields doses of 75mg/kg, 150mg/kg or 300mg/kg. The results showed that the body weight gains and the weights of perinephric fat pads and epididymal adipose tissues were significantly reduced in rats administrated with tea aqueous extracts compared with the model control group. Supplementation with tea aqueous extract decreased the values of the food utilization efficiency, fat coefficient and Lee’s index. Histological analysis in the present study showed that both tea aqueous extracts had suppressive effects on the number and size of the adipose tissue fat cells. Moreover, serum levels of the triglycerides of the Fuzhuan brick tea groups are lower than that of the green tea groups. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 140-143.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.015 Abstract （352）      PDF（pc） （99KB）（461）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Glyphosate-stress Effects on Shikimic Acid in Tea Leaves LIU Hongxia, LIU Yingying, CHEN Hongping, CHAI Yunfeng Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 657-666.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.005 Abstract （427）      PDF（pc） （1058KB）（460）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effect of glyphosate stress on the growth and shikimic acid metabolism of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants, tea seedlings were cultured in nutrient solution with different concentrations of glyphosate and the visual phytotoxicity on tea leaves was observed. The non-targeted analysis of non-volatile metabolites in the leaves and quantitative determination of shikimic acid and glyphosate in the leaves were carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results show that the tea seedlings under the high dose of glyphosate (200 mg·L-1) treatment exhibited characteristics of pesticide damage, while the tea seedlings under the low dose of glyphosate (50 mg·L-1) treatment and control did not show apparent pesticide damage. Mass spectrometric and statistical analysis indicates that there were significant changes in the contents of shikimic acid pathway metabolites in the leaves of glyphosate-treated tea seedlings, with shikimic acid being one of the main differential metabolites. Within 21 d, the accumulation of shikimic acid in leaves was highly positively correlated with the absorption amount and action time of glyphosate. When the absorption amount of glyphosate was larger than 28 mg·kg-1, the shikimic acid metabolism in tea plants was significantly inhibited, resulting in a large accumulation of shikimic acid in tea leaves. Compared with the control group, the content of shikimic acid in tea leaves affected by pesticides increased about 16-fold. This study shows that shikimic acid is one of the main metabolites of tea plants in response to glyphosate stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening of miRNA Related to Anthocyanin Synthesis in Tea Cultivar ‘Zijuan’ Based on High Throughput Sequencing CHEN Linbo, XIA Lifei, LIU Yue, SUN Yunnan, JIANG Huibing, TIAN Yiping, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 681-691.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.007 Abstract （793）      PDF（pc） （501KB）（460）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the miRNAs related to anthocyanin synthesis in 'Zijuan', the miRNA library was constructed by using the tea cultivars 'Zijuan' (ZJ), 'Yunkang 10' (YK) and 'Fuding Dabaicha' (FD). In this study, 46 known miRNAs and 67 unknown miRNAs were identified, and 765 annotated target genes were predicted. A total of 24 miRNAs were screened out, which were differentially expressed between ZJ and YK, and between ZJ and FD. Four target miRNAs involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis, namely miR828a, miR845c, novel_14 and novel_87, were identified by target gene analysis of 24 differentially expressed miRNAs. The predicted target genes include transcription factor genes MYB4, MYB23, MYB26, MYB82, bHLH74 and 4CL (4-coincyl-CoA-linked enzyme), DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) and UFGT (UDP-glucoside flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase). Eight differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed by RT-PCR and the results were consistent with transcriptome analysis. Finally, a theoretical basis for further study of regulation mechanisms related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in tea plant was provided. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Non-Destructive Measure of Moisture Content for Packaged Tea Based on the LC Resonant Sensor HAN An-tai, GUO Xiao-hua, CHEN Zhi-qiang, SUN Yan-wei Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (5): 395-401.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.5.010 Abstract （528）      PDF（pc） （267KB）（460）       Knowledge map    Save The design of a wireless, passive LC resonant sensor based on classic circuit theory, and its application for quick, non-destructive measured of moisture content of packaged tea were described in this paper. The proposed LC resonant sensor is an inductive-capacitive resonant circuit, which is made of a single planar capacitor and spiral inductor printed on a humidity-sensitive insulating medium substrate. To measure the moisture content of packaged tea, the LC resonant sensor is embedded inside the tea package. As the variation of the humidity inside the tea package, the humidity-sensitive insulating medium substrate absorbs the water vapor, and the planar capacitor’s capacitance and the sensor’s resonant frequency were changed, which is remotely detected through a coil connected to the instrument for measuring moisture content outside the tea package. Therefore, the moisture content of packaged tea can be indirectly determined by measuring the change in sensor’s resonant frequency. The experiment results showed that the proposed method is reasonable, and is comprised with the GB method, no significant deviation is found between the measuring results. The difficult technological problem in how to quick, accurate and non-destructive measuring moisture content of packaged tea is solved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Effect of Jinhua White Tea on Weight Loss of High Fat Diet Mice LIU Zhenyun, KE Wanping, ZHOU Xirui, LI Menghua, BO Jiahui, YE Xingmei, LIU Zhonghua, XIAO Lizheng, LIN Yong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 350-362.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.014 Abstract （256）      PDF（pc） （3081KB）（459）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Jinhua white tea (JWT) on weight loss of high fat diet mice. In this study, JWT was selected as the material and compared with the white tea without fungal fermentation method. The determination of major chemical components in the tea was conducted. An obesity mouse model was established, and the mice were administered orally with 400 mg·kg-1 of JWT water extract as an intervention. The body weight of the mice was regularly recorded, and obesity-related indicators were measured, followed by histopathological analysis of the tissues. The results indicate that after fungal fermentation, the contents of flavonoids and theabrownin increased significantly, while the contents of tea polyphenols, free amino acids, soluble sugars, theaflavins and thearubigins decreased significantly. Meanwhile, among the catechin components, only epicatechin content increased significantly. JWT effectively inhibited the body weight gain in high fat diet mice, reduced their liver and white adipose tissue indices, alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress, and protected the structural integrity and function of the liver and intestines. Compared to white tea without fungal fermentation method, JWT significantly reduced the levels of TC, TG and inflammatory factors in mice, which were speculated to be related to the mass reproduction of Eurotium cristatum and the increase of flavonoids, epicatechin, theabrownin and other substances. While white tea shows a more pronounced effect on relieving liver oxidative stress, which was speculated to be due to the significant decrease in the content of epigallocatechin gallate after fungal fermentation. These findings suggest that JWT has a significant weight loss effect on mice with diet-induced obesity, while fungal fermentation method can improve the lipid-lowering and weight-reducing effects of white tea to a certain extent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select AFLP Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Fenghuang-Dancong Tea Plant Germplasms XIAO Li-zheng, YAN Chang-yu, LI Jia-xian, LUO Jun-wu, HE Yu-mei, ZHAO Chao-yi Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (4): 280-285.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.04.002 Abstract （454）      PDF（pc） （714KB）（458）       Knowledge map    Save Genetic diversity on 34 Fenghuang-Dancong tea plants were evaluated by AFLP fingerprinting using 5 primer combinations. The 5 primer combinations generated 438 bands and 87.6 bands were amplified by each primer pair on average, 348 bands(79.3%) polymorphic AFLP markers were detected, The result indicated that the genetic distance(GD) based on AFLP data by using DPS2000 was significant. The varience range of GD among the 34 Fenghuang-Dancong was 0.13~0.49. The GD(0.49) is highest between Zimaohuangzhixiang and Funanmilan and between Baiyedancong and Tongtianxiang, however, the GD(0.13) between Da-ansongcha and Zongsuojia is low. The dendrogram indicated that the genetic of 34 Fenghuang-Dancong germplasms have no certain relation with the aroma type. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(20) Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene CsNHX1 and CsNHX2 in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) CHEN Jiangfei, YU Jinming, YANG Jiankun, YU Youben, XIAO Bin, YANG Yajun, WANG Weidong Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (6): 559-568.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.06.002 Abstract （554）      PDF（pc） （2562KB）（458）       Knowledge map    Save The Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) plays an important role in plant growth, development and stress response. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequences of CsNHX1 and CsNHX2 (GenBank: MG722977 and MG515211) were cloned from tea cultivar ‘Longjingchangye’. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length cDNA of CsNHX1 and CsNHX2 were 1β691βbp and 1β757βbp, all containing a 1β626βbp open reading frame and encoding 541 amino acids. The molecular weights of CsNHX1 and CsNHX2 were 59.5βkD and 59.7βkD and pI were 7.07 and 8.79, respectively.The results of protein sequence analysis showed that CsNHX1 and CsNHX2 contained the conserved Na+/H+ exchange domain, and belong to the typical transmembrane proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of plant NHX revealed that CsNHX1 and CsNHX2 are the member of Class I that localized to the vacuolar membrane in IC subfamily. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that the expressions of CsNHX1 and CsNHX2 were induced by drought, low-temperature and salt stress. In contrast, exogenous ABA could not induce the expressions of CsNHX1 and CsNHX2. In addition, the expression level of CsNHX1 in tea plant decreased significantly, but that of CsNHX2 increased gradually under heat stress, indicating that CsNHX1 and CsNHX2 were differently involved in tea plant responding to environmental stress, and possibly through different responding modes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Cytochrome P450 CYP71A26 and CYP71B34 Genes in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) SHAN Ruiyang, LIN Zhenghe, CHEN Zhihui, ZHONG Qiusheng, YOU Xiaomei, CHEN Changsong Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (5): 450-460.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.05.002 Abstract （791）      PDF（pc） （1114KB）（458）       Knowledge map    Save The full cDNA sequences of cytochrome P450 genes, CYP71A26 and CYP71B34 were cloned from Camellia sinensis Tieguanyin leaves based on NCBI transcriptome database. The complete cDNA lengths of CYP71A26 and CYP71B34 were 1β879βbp and 1β764βbp, containing the open reading frames (ORF) of 1β539βbp and 1β533βbp, which encoded 513 and 511 amino acids, respectively. The alignment of amino acid sequences showed 42.47% of conservation between CYP71A26 and CYP71B34, which indicated that the two genes belonged to different subfamilies. The structure analysis showed that both CYP71A26 and CYP71B34 contained the classic P450 structure domains, such as helix C, helix I, helix K, Meander and heme binding domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis illustrated that there were two branches of molecular evolution for the two genes with different genetic relationship. Via predicting of their tertiary structures and functional domains, the results indicated that both genes were constituted by β-pleated structure in N-terminal, α-helix structure in C-terminal, and had a P450 protein structure domain (Pfam domain). qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of two genes in leaves showed opposite trends under pest damage treatments. Moreover, the decrease of CYP71A26 and increase of CYP71B34 in expression levels were detected under cold or thermal stresses. In total, CYP71A26 and CYP71B34 genes were respond to biotic (like pest) and abiotic (like temperature) stresses, but the changing trends of the two genes were opposite, which might be correlated with opposite regulation systems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Residue Pattern of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tea Leaves during Green Tea Manufacturing Process GAO Guanwei, CHEN Hongping, LIU Pingxiang, MA Guicen, HAO Zhenxia, WANG Chen, CHAI Yunfeng, LU Chengyin Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (2): 191-200.   Abstract （402）      PDF（pc） （567KB）（457）       Knowledge map    Save Residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fresh tea leaves and green tea during manufacturing process were determined by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that considerable variations of PAHs were identified in tea samples (a bud and two leaves) from different locations, indicating the contamination levels in the tea producing areas might significantly affect PAH residues in fresh tea leaves. The variations of PAHs contents in tea buds, tender leaves and mature leaves were 40.5-52.8βμg·kg-1, 50.0-67.4βμg·kg-1 and 91.5-97.6βμg·kg-1, respectively. The order of PAHs contents follows as mature leaves>tender leaves>tea buds. Vehicle exhaust was hypothesized to have a direct effect on PAH residues in tea buds and tender leaves, as their levels were extremely high within 50βm around the roads. During the green tea manufacturing process, evaporation of moisture and PAHs by electric heating were the key factors affecting PAHs residues, which increased from 61.0βμg·kg-1 to 166.1βμg·kg-1 in tea samples. Moreover, PAH residues might evaporate during the spreading and drying processes, which decreased from 292.0βμg·kg-1 to 171.9βμg·kg-1. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2000, 20 (02): 95-100.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2000.01.004 Abstract （176）      PDF（pc） （1902KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Isolation and Molecular Identification of Fungal Colonization on LiuPao Tea in Guangxi MAO Yan, HUANG Li, WEI Bao-yao, XIA Ning, TENG Jian-wen Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (6): 556-561.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.003 Abstract （668）      PDF（pc） （699KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save A strain of “Jinhua” fungi was isolated from Liupao tea which manufactured Guangxi Yintai Tea Factory in 2008 (No. 6918). The morphology of colony of the tested fungi was observed with microscope, and the tested fungi was identified in the molecular level by DNA sequencing. According to the characteristic of the morphology, microscopic as well as the DNA sequencing of the tested strains, it was identified as Eurotium niveoglaucum. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11) Select Effects of Fuzhuan Brick Tea on the Adjustment of Intestinal Immune Function in Mice WU Xiang-lan, LIU Zhong-hua, CAO Dan, JIN Li-sha, LIN Yong Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (2): 125-130.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.02.004 Abstract （511）      PDF（pc） （765KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of FU brick tea water extracts on the adjustment of intestinal immune function of mice. Lavage with the Ampicillin to establish mice intestinal dysbacteriosis and immune dysfunction model. KM mice were random divided into six groups: normal control, natural recovery group, model group, three dose group of brick tea. The intestinal flora detection, the small intestinal mucous sIgA measurement, the measurement of IL-2 in serum, Serum albumin and total protein content detection and Ileum section pathological detection. The results showed that lavage with the Ampicillin 5βd, alteration of intestinal flora, the small intestinal mucous sIgA, the IL-2 in serum, serum albumin and total protein content were declined significantly compared with the normal saline group, in addition, the Ileum tissue slice showed obvious lesions. Compared with the natural recovery group, the small intestinal mucous sIgA, the IL-2 in serum, serum albumin and total protein content were increased significantly after the treatment with the brick tea water extracts. In the comparison between the treatment groups, the effect of high doses group were much better than the low doses group of treatment. It was concluded that the FU brick tea extracts can repair the damaged mucous membrane, showed the adjustment of the intestinal immune functions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Effects of Shading on Microbial Characteristics and Enzyme Activities in Matcha Tea Garden Soil WANG Guofu, SUN Xiaohong, FANG Yi, ZHOU Jin, SHEN Qianting, XIANG Junlei, JIN Xianling, LUO Xingyun Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 355-363.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.013 Abstract （819）      PDF（pc） （603KB）（456）    PDF（mobile） （603KB）（18）    Knowledge map    Save The effects of shading on soil microorganism characteristics, soil nutrient and enzyme activity changes in matcha tea garden of Zhejiang province were analyzed. The results show that shading could significantly increase the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil layer of 0-20 cm. In addition, the organic matter in the soil of shading tea garden reached 49.81 g?kg-1, which was significantly higher than that of the control (32.50 g?kg-1, P<0.05). Shading treatment could significantly improve the activities of urease, invertase, soil protease, acidic phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in soil (P<0.05). The microorganism related indexes such as bacteria and fungi Shannon-wiener diversity indexes (H) and Richness in shading tea garden were also higher than those without shading treatment. Shading on matcha tea garden could increase the number and activities of soil microorganisms, and upgrade soil enzyme activities which were related to soil nutrient. This would enhance soil quality and facilitate the restoration or rebuilding of the damaged soil ecosystem in tea garden. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Climate Adaptability Analysis for Planting Regions of High Quality Green Tea in Tongren District LUO Jing-yi, YAN Li-hua, XU Da-hong, YANG Qun Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (2): 136-142.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.010 Abstract （637）      PDF（pc） （449KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, with the data of annual average temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, the annual average extreme minimum temperature, annual precipitation, monthly average precipitation between April and October, annual sunshine hours, relative humidity and dryness index from ten manual stations during 1980 to 2009 and thirty township automatic stations from 2001 to 2009 in tongren district of Guizhou province, the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method is applied to calculate the indices of climatic regionalization for green tea planting. And with clustering analysis, high-quality green tea planting areas were classified into four different types. The results would provide a scientific basis for the tea industry in tongren and Guizhou province. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (S1): 119-123.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.s1.009 Abstract （327）      PDF（pc） （84KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Protective Effect of Fu Brick Tea on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Liver Injury in NAFLD Rats ZUO Gaolong, CHEN Meiyan, LIN Yong, LIN Haiyan, LIU Zhonghua, WU Wenliang Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 631-640.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.002 Abstract （565）      PDF（pc） （865KB）（455）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the protective effect of Fu brick tea on intestinal mucosal barrier and liver injury in rats with high-fat induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SD male rats were randomly divided into normal, NAFLD, low-dose and high-dose Fu brick tea groups, 8 rats each group. The establishment of NAFLD rat model and the intervention effect of Fu brick tea were evaluated by analyzing the feed intake, weight change, blood lipid index, liver index and pathological section of rats. Intestinal integrity and intestinal permeability was assessed by pathological and PAS staining sections of jejunum and colon, villus height/crypt depth (V/C value) serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity. Intestinal-related inflammation was assessed by the number of jejunum intraepithelial lymphocytes (JIL) and the activity of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The results show that Fu brick tea could reduce the feed intake andbody weight of NAFLD rats, decrease blood lipid levels, reduce the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum, and inhibit lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver. Fu brick tea also reduced the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α and serum LPS and increased the activity of serum DAO. Moreover, Fu brick tea inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration in jejunum and colon villi of NAFLD rats, reduced the jejunum villus shedding, fracture, sparse and disorder, increased the jejunum villus V/C value, and decreased the number of jejunum intraepithelial lymphocytes, and increased the number of goblet cells in the jejunum and colon. These data indicate that Fu brick tea could effectively improve the intestinal mucosal barrier and liver injury induced by high-fat diet, which could be used to prevent and treat NAFLD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select cDNA-AFLP Reveals Differential Gene Expression Profiles of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis cv. Maoxie) Induced by Colletotrichum sp.1 Infection WEI Rifeng, LAI Jiandong, PENG Chengbin, ZHANG Chengkang, LIAN Lingli, LIU Wei Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 26-38.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200117.001 Abstract （625）      PDF（pc） （577KB）（455）       Knowledge map    Save Differentially expressed genes related to Camellia sinensis cv. Maoxie against Colletotrichum sp.1 infection were screened by cDNA-AFLP (cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism) to provide reference for further illustrating the molecular mechanism underlying tea resistance to anthracnose. A total of 256 pairs of selective primers were applied to amplify the cDNA of leaves collected at 0 h and 48 h after Colletotrichum infection, and 136 differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were obtained via screening, sequencing and BLAST analysis. The analysis of the homologous genes revealed that 128 TDFs were homologous with the known genes in Nr database. Most of them were related to stress responses, biological regulation and signal transduction, and 51 TDFs were highly homologous to differential expressed genes of tea plant under cold, drought or salt conditions in TPIA database. Further qRT-PCR analysis of 27 TDFs showed that the expression profiles of 24 TDFs were consistent with those of cDNA-AFLP results, among which several resistance-related genes including WRKY transcription factor, ethylene-responsive transcription factor, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were significantly up-regulated. The differential expressed genes found in this study would lay a foundation for further analysis of their functions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Antimicrobial Mechanism of Tea Polyphenols Against Shewanella putrefaciens WANG Huimin, ZHU Junli, LU Haixia, YI Shumin Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (2): 149-155.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.02.008 Abstract （645）      PDF（pc） （676KB）（455）       Knowledge map    Save Antimicrobial effect and mechanism of TP against Shewanella putrefaciens in vitro was investigated. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of TP against the S. putrefaciens were 1 mg·mL-1 and 16 mg·mL-1, respectively. Growth curves of S. putrefaciens were significantly inhibited in the addition of 2 mg·mL-1 TP. The population of S. putrefaciens decreased about 105 CFU·mL-1 and 106 CFU·mL-1 with the 2 mg·mL-1 TP addition after 96 h at 25℃ and 192 h at 4℃, respectively. The bactericidal activity of TP exhibited the time depending. Among the four monomer of TP, the order of bactericidal activity were EGCG>ECG>EGC>EC. The enzyme activity of Na+/K+-ATP and AKP in the culture suspension of S. putrefaciens gradually increased with the time extension in the TP treated samples. TEM images revealed that treatment of TP might lead to damage and deformation of cell. Thus, TP exhibited the good antimicrobial and bactericidal activity against S. putrefaciens by disrupting cell walls and out membrane, which cause the permeability of intracellular components and the change of cell morphology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Green Tea Catechin Biomarkers and It′s Relative Application SUN Lili, ZENG Xiangquan, Nilesh W Gaikwad, WANG Huan, XU Hairong, YE Jianhui Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (5): 429-441.   Abstract （491）      PDF（pc） （788KB）（455）       Knowledge map    Save Green tea has been considered to have many health benefits, but there is still controversy about the clinical and epidemiological results. Development of green tea catechin biomarkers was to evaluate the physiological effects of green tea from a metabolic point of view, which will be helpful to interpret the functional mechanism of green tea in vivo and also avoid or reduce the influences of chemical compositions of samples intake or individual differences in human studies. Catechin compounds EGCG, EGC, EC, C, ECG and their derivatives are common green tea catechin biomarkers that have many determination methods including HPLC-EC, LC-MS and so on. This paper reviewed the types of green tea catechin biomarkers and their preparation and determination methods, discussed the results of biomarker-level based bioavailability studies, clinical trials and epidemiological studies, proposed suggestions for future research, such as further improvement and standardization of the preparation and determination methods of catechin biomarkers as well as development of new green tea biomarkers with higher stability in human body and sensitivity in reflecting their intake levels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 30-33.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.006 Abstract （292）      PDF（pc） （68KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1996, 16 (01): 67-72.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1996.01.013 Abstract （462）      PDF（pc） （284KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Effect Evaluation and Dynamic Mechanism of the Integrated Development of Tea and Tourism Industry LIN Xi, WU Qinyao, YANG Jiangfan Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 718-732.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.011 Abstract （444）      PDF（pc） （624KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Save This study was based on the theories of industry integration, industry chain value, and coupling coordination, as well as previous research results. Taking the development level of the tea industry and tourism industry in the eight main tea-producing areas in China from 2011 to 2020 as the empirical research object, a quality evaluation index system for the development of the tea and tourism industry was constructed, and the coupling coordination model and spatial analysis method were used to evaluate and present the effect of tea tourism integration. And regression models were used to explore the driving mechanism of tea tourism integration development. The results indicate that the tea and tourism industries in the main tea-producing areas over the past decade were highly coupled, which were present in the middle to late stages of integrated development. The overall trend shows a spatial feature of "high in the middle and low on both sides", with an inverted "U" shape in the east-west direction. The high value area at the provincial level has always been Yunnan Province. The driving force mechanism is the joint influence of internal and external factors: the internal driving force is the internal coupling between the tea and tourism industries, which drives the formation of a new business model: the integration of tea and tourism. In terms of external macro environment, policy guidance and support are the leading forces, sustained economic development is the driving force, social and cultural prosperity is the pulling force, and technological innovation and application are the supporting forces. Suggestions were also made on further promoting the integrated development of tea tourism consisting of strengthening government guidance and support to improve factor protection, promoting the improvement of industry quality and efficiency to consolidate the foundation of development, digging and highlighting cultural connotations to expand the depth of development, applying technology to cultivate talents and thus strengthen development support. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Extraction of Tea Juices from Fresh Green Tea Leaves ZHANG Ling-yun, LIANG Yue-rong, SUN Qi-fu, SUN Qing-lei, LU Jian-liang Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 46-50.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.010 Abstract （457）      PDF（pc） （298KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Save An orthogonal experiment was applied to study the effect of extraction temperature, duration and ratio of tea to water on the quality of fresh green tea juice. The results showed that with rising of extracting temperature and extending of extracting duration, the extracted solids yield increased, the color of infusion turned to yellow and lightness of infusion decreased, and tea cream raised obviously. The optimum conditions of the extraction were as fallows: the ratio of tea to water 1:60, the temperature 50℃, and the extraction duration 10βmin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(21) Select Rapid Detection Method of Tea Polyphenol Content in Black Tea Fermentation Based on Electrical Properties WANG Shenglin, YANG Chongshan, LIU Zhongyuan, LIU Shanjian, DONG Chunwang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (2): 251-260.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.02.007 Abstract （693）      PDF（pc） （2341KB）（453）       Knowledge map    Save Tea polyphenols are an important evaluation index for the quality of black tea. The quantitative prediction model of tea polyphenol content in the fermentation process was established by combining electrical characteristics detection technology with chemometric method. The changes of electrical parameters during the fermentation process and the influence of different standardized pretreatment methods and variable optimization algorithms on the model were discussed. The results show that the most sensitive electrical parameters to tea polyphenols were Cp, D and X, all of which were concentrated in the low frequency range (0.05-0.10 kHz). In the construction of tea polyphenol prediction model, normalization processing (Zscore) and mixed variable screening (VCPA-IRIV) can effectively improve the performance of the model. The number of variables introduced in the VCPA-IRIV-PLS model was reduced from 162 to 31, and the compression rate reached 80.86%. RMSECV and RMSEP were reduced to 0.630 and 1.116, respectively. Rp and RPD were increased to 0.941 and 2.956. The research results show that the electrical characteristics detection technology is feasible for the rapid non-destructive detection of the content of tea polyphenols in black tea fermentation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (02): 207-212.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.02.010 Abstract （448）      PDF（pc） （62KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Path to Realize the Value of Tea Agricultural Cultural Heritage: Empirical Analysis Based on 31 Typical Cases MA Jie, YE Chaoyang, MAO Liyu Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 161-174.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.013 Abstract （428）      PDF（pc） （584KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save The realization of the value of tea agricultural cultural heritage (TACH) is an important way for its protection and sustainable development. Based on the technology-organization-environment framework (TOE), this study explored the configuration effects of TOE condition variables on TACH value realization, as well as the linkage matching relationship among different elements. Based on 31 typical cases of TACH as research samples, the Fuzzy-sets qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA) method was applied to explore the influencing factors and driving paths of TACH value realization. This study found that: (1) the realization of the value of TACH is the result of the combined action of necessary and sufficient conditions. (2) the realization of the value of high-level TACH is the result of the combination of core conditions and marginal conditions, with three typical models: "Collaborative Organizational Environment Type", "Social Resource Driven Type " and "Comprehensive Coupling Type". (3) The driving combination for the realization of non-high-level and high-level TACH value is asymmetric. Therefore, different paths could be chosen based on one's own resource endowment and external factors, in order to promote TACH value realization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research and Application of Intelligent Identification of Empoasca onukii Based on Machine Vision BIAN Lei, HE Xudong, JI Huihua, CAI Xiaoming, LUO Zongxiu, CHEN Huacai, CHEN Zongmao Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 376-386.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220506.001 Abstract （464）      PDF（pc） （1047KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save Deep learning has been widely used in intelligent identification in the progress of real-time monitoring of crop pests. Based on the identification model of tea leafhopper, Empoasca onukii, the application of deep learning in field leafhopper recognition was introduced to improve the precision of field population investigation of E. onukii. In this paper, a method of identification and count of E. onukii in tea garden was designed. Firstly, yellow sticky card was used to attract tea leafhoppers, and images of cards were collected by camera and uploaded to the web server. Then, target detection algorithm deployed by the server was used to identify and count the leafhoppers in the images. Through algorithm screening, YOLOv3 was determined as the recognition algorithm, and the improved soft-NMS was used to replace the original NMS. K-means clustering method was used to calculate the size of the new prior frame, so as to improve the speed and precision of YOLOv3. The results show that the average precision of the optimized algorithm could reach more than 95.35% comparing with the real number of leafhoppers on the sticky card. Therefore, the combination of the sticky card trapping, target recognition algorithm and internet of things technology could realize the real-time monitoring of population for E. onukii, which could provide a reference for other insects with color preference and integrated pest management in tea gardens. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening of Tea Germplasm Resistant to Matsumurasca onukii and Dendrothrips minowai Priesner and Analysis of Resistance-related Factors SUN Yue, WU Jun, WEI Chaoling, LIU Mengyue, GAO Chenxi, ZHANG Lingzhi, CAO Shixian, YU Shuntian, JIN Shan, SUN Weijiang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 689-704.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.007 Abstract （486）      PDF（pc） （3225KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save The resistance of different tea cultivars against Matsumurasca onukii and Dendrothrips minowai Priesner was explored to provide a scientific basis for the breeding and promotion of insect resistant tea cultivars. Taking 11 tea cultivars (Zijuan, Shuixian, Meizhan, Baijiguan, Ruixiang, Qilan, Huangguanyin, Baimudan, Huangyuanyin, Dahongpao and Huangguanyin) as the test materials, the field population was investigated by five-point sampling method. Through investigation of field population density and tea plant morphological characteristics, determination of leaf tissue structure and detection of chemical composition, the relationship among physical properties, chemical components and insect resistance of tea plants was analyzed. The results show that 11 tea cultivars could be divided into 4 categories according to their resistance to M. onukii. category Ⅰ: Zijuan, insect-susceptible (S), category Ⅱ: Meizhan, Huangdan, Qilan, Shuixian, Baimudan, middle susceptible (MS), category Ⅲ: Ruixiang, Dahongpao, Huang guanyin, Huangmeigui, middle resistant (MR), category Ⅳ: Baijiguan, resistant (R). According to the strength of resistance to D. minowai Priesner, it can also be divided into 4 categories, category Ⅰ: Huangmeigui, insect-susceptible (S), category Ⅱ: Ruixiang, Baijiguan, moderate sensitivity (MS), category Ⅲ: Huang Guanyin, Qilan, middle resistant (MR), category Ⅳ: Baimudan, Huangdan, Dahongpao, Meizhan, Zijuan, Shuixian, resistant (R). Combined with correlation analysis, the total number of M. onukii was highly significantly and positively correlated with the anthocyanin content and GCG content of 11 tea cultivars (P<0.01), and significantly and positively correlated with upper cuticle thickness/leaf thickness and lower cuticle thickness/leaf thickness (P<0.05). However, it was significantly and negatively correlated with free amino acids, palisade tissue thickness, upper epidermis thickness and upper epidermis thickness/leaf thickness (P<0.05). There was a significantly negative correlation between leaf length and the total number of D. minowai Priesner (P<0.05), and the total number of M. onukii was significantly and negatively correlated with the total number of D. minowai Priesner (P<0.05). After comprehensive evaluation, the tea cultivars of Dahongpao and Huangguanyin have certain resistance to M. onukii and D. minowai Priesner, which are worthy of promotion. Meanwhile, there was a phenomenon that M. onukii and D. minowai Priesner alternately damage the tea plants in the same period. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Application of Ranking and Napping-UFP in the Development of Standard Yellow Tea Samples from Western Anhui Province ZHANG Ying, QIU Tong, HAN Ziyi, AN Qi, ZHAO Xiaoyi, JIANG Qing, LI Luqing, NING Jingming, WAN Xiaochun, DAI Qianying Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 275-286.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.011 Abstract （327）      PDF（pc） （2394KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save It is of great significance for the production and popularization of yellow tea with standard grade difference. In this paper, 9 yellow tea samples of 3 categories (yellow bud tea, small-leaf yellow tea, large-leaf yellow tea) from western Anhui province were selected. Then 80 consumers and 22 assessors were recruited to analyze these samples using ranking and Napping-UFP respectively. The results show that the 8 standard samples can be distinguished according to the appearance by ranking, except the super class and the first class of bud tea. In Napping-UFP, 22 assessors could distinguish different grades of samples by appearance. The categories (yellow bud tea, small-leaf yellow tea and large-leaf yellow tea) and the roasting degrees (light fire and sufficient fire) could be accurately distinguished based on their aroma or taste. At the same time, the assessors provided relatively rich descriptive terms (33 of appearance, 21 of aroma and 24 of taste), including "green", "yellow" and "fairly stalk" in the appearance attributes, "tend aroma", "sweet aroma" and "tobacco" in the aroma attributes, and "fresh" in the taste attributes. These terms could be used to accurately assess yellow tea from western Anhui province, which is conducive to consumers’ understanding and acceptance, as well as the market promotion of yellow tea from western Anhui province. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Characteristic of Aroma Components in Green Tea with Chestnut-like Aroma YE Guo-zhu, JIANG Yong-wen, YIN Jun-feng, YUAN Hai-bo, ZHANG Rui-lian, WANG Zhi-lan, SHEN Dan-yu, WANG Fang, CHEN Jian-xin Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (5): 385-394.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.5.009 Abstract （654）      PDF（pc） （570KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save E Mei MaoFeng tea with chestnut-like aroma was processed under different temperature and time to change the intensity and type of the aroma. The treated teas and E Mei MaoFeng tea were classified into two types—teas with chestnut-like aroma and others without chestnut-like aroma, according to the organoleptic evaluation. After analysis on the differences of the two types of teas using Duncan’s multiple tests, principal component analysis was applied to observe and analyze the distribution of the selected aroma components and the tea samples. The results demonstrated that the teas with chestnut-like aroma included remarkably high contents of β-ionone, nerolidol, phytol, 1,4-eicosadiene, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, ethyl ester, (all-Z)-, 2,6-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone, pentadecane,2-methyl-, heptadecane, hexadecane,2,6,10-trimethyl-, but the content of dodecanol,3,7,11-trimethyl- was remarkably lower than the later. The ten aroma components have a good effect of distinguishing the teas with chestnut-like aroma from those without chestnut-like aroma. On the other hand, nonanal, and cis-jasmone are also worthy of attention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(49) Select Effects of Black Tea Extract on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Hyperuricemic Mice ZHU Chuang, LIU Zenghui, ZHAO Yongqing, TAI Lingling, XU Yan Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (2): 167-172.   Abstract （419）      PDF（pc） （625KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save This study was aimed to investigate the effect of black tea extract on the level of serum uric acid in hyperuricemic mice. Thirty six KM male mice were randomly divided into the control group, model group, tea-treated low dose group, middle dose group, high dose group and allopurinol group. Mice in the control group and tea-treated groups were treated with saline and black tea extract respectively for consecutive 7 days. The later were given black tea extract 1 hour after modeling on the seventh day. The model group was given PO through intraperitoneal injection and yeast extract intragastrically to establish model on the seventh day. The results showed that compared with the model group, the levels of serum UA and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) were decreased in tea-treated groups, with significant decreases in the middle (P<0.05) and high dose groups (P<0.01). The serum Cr level (creatinine) of tea-treated groups were decreased and the XOD activity in the high dose group was significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). there were slight but not significantly inhibitory effect in the low and middle dose groups. These date suggest that black tea extract possesses significant anti-hyperuricemic effect on hyperuricemic mice induced by PO and yeast extract. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsBON3 from Copine Gene Family in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) YAO Lina, HAO Xinyuan, WANG Lu, LI Nana, ZENG Jianming, YANG Yajun, WANG Xinchao Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 565-574.   Abstract （453）      PDF（pc） （1500KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save Copine protein, a kind of Ca2+-dependent protein or phospholipid-binding protein containing two C2 (N-terminal) and one vWA (C-terminal) conserved domain, plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction. Based on the sequence identity analysis, an EST sequence showing high homology to Copine family genes was selected from our previous tea plant transcriptome database. The sequence was verified to contain 1β746βbp complete ORF, encoding 581 amino acids. Homologous alignment showed that the gene had the highest similarity with Arabidopsis AtBON3 (65%) and was named as CsBON3 (GenBank accession number: KY435900). Bioinformatic analysis showed that the molecular weight of CsBON3 protein was 63.66βkD and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.48. It possesses the conserved domain unique to Copine family protein, which is a hydrophilic protein, no signal peptide site, non-secretory protein and no transmembrane domain. Expression analysis showed that CsBON3 had the highest expression levels in tea flowers and roots, and the lowest in stems and mature leaves. It was significantly up-regulated in tea plants treated with low temperature (4℃) for one day, and its expression was suppressed at dormant stage and up-regulated at growth stage. It was also up-regulated rapidly in the leaves with inoculation of Colletotrichum fructicola. The results indicated that the CsBON3 plays important roles in tea plant growth in response to low temperature and disease resistance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening, Identification and Fertilizer Efficiency of Potassium Bacterium from the Soils of Tea Garden in Shandong HAN Xiaoyang, ZHOU Bo, DONG Yuhui, ZHANG Lixia, HOU Jian, XIANG Qinzeng, HUANG Xiaoqin Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 78-86.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.008 Abstract （502）      PDF（pc） （477KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save The potassium bacterium suitable for soil environment in Shandong tea garden was screened to improve the transformation efficiency of soil potassium. By the experimental procedure of enrichment culture and microbial purification, 9 potassium bacterium strains were obtained from the soil of tea garden in Shandong Province. According to the activity comparison and taxonomy of strains, a strain with the highest activity was selected. The strain K2 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Meanwhile, the effects of growth environment of the strains were measured. The results showed that the optimum pH and temperature for K2 were 6.0 and 35℃. It was suitable for K2 to ferment with maltose, starch and corn flour as the carbon source, and with yeast extract as the nitrogen source. After applying the bacteria agent, the contents of available potassium and phosphorus in tea garden soil increased by 28.40% and 28.49% respectively. Meanwhile the tea yield increased by 36.30%. The amino acid contents in tea were also significantly increased, and the polyphenols/amino acids decreased, which benefit tea quality. The K2 may be a high efficient potassium bacterium in tea garden soil, which can be used as a reference for further research on special microbial inoculum in tea garden. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Expression Conditions of EGCG-O-Methyltransferase in Recombinant Escherichia coli Bacteria FEI Dong-mei, LIN Zhi, LU Hai-peng, ZHANG Yue, TAN Jun-feng, GUO Li Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (4): 333-340.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.04.001 Abstract （516）      PDF（pc） （414KB）（451）       Knowledge map    Save EGCG3"Me could be produced from EGCG catalyzed by EGCG-O-Methyltransferase. Taken the yield of EGCG3"Me as main index, the present study focused on the producing conditions of EGCG-O-Methyltransferase induced by IPTG in recombinant E. coli bacteria. Results showed that the optimum producing conditions were as follows: the concentration of IPTG was 0.05mmol/L, the induction time was 20h, the initial pH of medium was 7.0 and the induction temperature was 20℃. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Influence of Organic Planting on Soil Microbial Community Composition and Diversity in Tea Gardens YAN Yuxiao, ZHOU Dapeng, YANG Yanfen, Xie Jin, LÜ Caiyou, YANG Guangrong, WEN Qinshu Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 246-260.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.003 Abstract （265）      PDF（pc） （1609KB）（451）       Knowledge map    Save To reveal the influence of organic planting on the community composition and diversity of soil microbial community, 4 types of soils (ancient tea gardens, modern tea gardens, rubber fields, wastelands) were used as the research objects in 3 representative ancient tea mountains (Manzhuan, Yiwu and Youle) in Mengla County, Yunnan Province. The community composition of bacteria and fungi were identified using Illumina MiSeq PE300 high-throughput sequencing technology. The effects of organic planting and planting years on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community composition characteristics and diversity were analyzed. The results show that organic planting could promote soil organic matter accumulation and increase the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The common number of bacteria OTUs in the soils of three tea gardens and non-tea gardens was 381. Among them, Yiwu Wasteland had highest number of unique OTUs (293), while the Rubber Land of Manzhuan had the lowest number of unique OTUs (28). The total number of fungi OTUs was only 24, with the highest number of fungi OTUs unique to Manzhuan ancient tea garden (337) and the lowest number of OTUs unique to Yiwu Modern Tea Garden (55). In addition, The Shannon diversity index of bacteria reached 5.88-6.62, which was significantly higher than that of fungi (2.71-4.30). The dominant bacteria and fungi in tea garden soils were basically similar to those in non-tea garden soil. However, there were significant differences in relative abundance among identified Acidimicrobiales, Bradyrhizobium, Varibacter, Xanthobacteraceae, Nitrospira, Bryobacter, Acidibacter and Planomyceteaceae among different tea mountains and land use modes. Compared with wasteland and rubber land, the relative abundance of Chaetomiaceae, Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Mortierella, Agaricales and Eurotiomycetes in tea garden soil fungal communities were significantly higher than those in other soils. The abundance index of bacterial community Chao1 was significantly and positively correlated with soil TN and TP, and the bacterial community composition was more stable than the fungal community composition of the three mountains with ancient tea plants. Except for some tea garden soils, the abundance of soil bacteria increased with the increase of organic planting and planting years, while the abundance of fungi decreased and then increased with the beginning of organic planting. The diversity level of bacteria and fungi in modern and ancient tea gardens decreased with the increase of organic planting and planting years. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Selection and Validation of Internal Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis under Fluoride Stress in Camellia sinensis Leaves LI Qinghui, LI Rui, WEN Xiaoju, NI Dejiang, WANG Mingle, CHEN Yuqiong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 27-36.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.001 Abstract （277）      PDF（pc） （1966KB）（451）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the internal reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in tea leaves under fluoride stress, the low-fluoride cultivar ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ and the high-fluoride cultivar ‘Jinguanyin’ were used as experimental materials according to the fluoride evaluation results in these tea cultivars previously. The qRT-PCR technology combined with three Excel-based algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper) were used to analyze the expression stabilities of eight candidate reference genes (CsACTIN, CsEF-1α, CseIF-4α, CsGAPDH, CsPP2A, CsTBP, CsTIP41 and CsUBC) in tea leaves (shoots and old leaves) under fluoride treatment (0.42 mmol·L-1 NaF) for different time periods (0, 1, 3, 7 d). The results indicate that under fluoride stress, the optimal combination of reference genes in tea shoots was CsEF-1α, CsTIP41, CsTBP and CsACTIN and the optimal combination of reference genes in old leaves was CsPP2A and CsUBC. Moreover, to further confirm the stability of the selected reference genes, the expression levels of CsFEX in tea shoots and old leaves were analyzed using their corresponding optimal internal reference gene combinations. The expression profiles of CsFEX in tea shoots or old leaves between the two cultivars were consistent, indicating that the combinations of four and two internal reference genes were sufficient for normalizing the target gene expression in tea shoots and old leaves under fluoride stress, respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Grading Identification Method for Tea Buds Based on Improved YOLOv7-tiny HONG Konglin, WU Minghui, GAO Bo, FENG Yening Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 62-74.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.006 Abstract （404）      PDF（pc） （2946KB）（450）       Knowledge map    Save The intelligent grading and recognition of tea buds in a natural environment are fundamental for the automation of premium tea harvesting. To address the problems of low recognition accuracy and limited robustness caused by complex environmental factors like lighting, obstruction, and dense foliage, we propose an enhanced model based on YOLOv7-tiny. Firstly, a CBAM module was added into the small object detection layer of the YOLOv7-tiny model to enhance the model's ability to focus on small object features and reduce the interference of complex environments on tea bud recognition. We adjusted the spatial pyramid pooling structure to lower computational costs and improve detection speed. Additionally, we utilized a loss function combining IoU and NWD to further enhance the model's robustness in small object detection by addressing the sensitivity of the IoU mechanism to position deviations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a detection accuracy of 91.15%, a recall rate of 88.54%, and a mean average precision of 92.66%. The model's size is 12.4 MB. Compared to the original model, this represents an improvement of 2.83%, 2.00%, and 1.47% in accuracy, recall rate, and mean average precision, respectively, with a significant increase of 0.1 MB in model size. Comparative experiments with different models show that our model exhibits fewer false negatives and false positives in multiple scenarios, along with higher confidence scores. The improved model can be applied to the bud grading and recognition process of premium tea harvesting robots. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family and Their Expression Analysis in the Withering Process of White Tea GU Mengya, WANG Pengjie, CHEN Xuejin, ZHENG Yucheng, GUO Yongchun, LIN Xinying, GAO Ting, HOU Binghao, YE Naixing Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 302-314.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.03.002 Abstract （823）      PDF（pc） （2651KB）（449）       Knowledge map    Save Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays an important role in the formation of tea aroma as one of the key enzymes in the synthesis of fatty acid metabolism pathway. In this study, 19 CsADH gene family members were identified from the chromosome level genome database of tea plants for the first time. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the members of ADH gene family were divided into six subfamilies. Collinearity analysis shows that there were 2, 4 and 12 pairs of collinearity between ADH gene family of Camellia sinensis and Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera and Actinidia chinensis, respectively. The tea ADH gene family contains 1-13 exons, which encode 236-669 amino acids with molecular weight of 26.15-73.83 kDa. It is mainly located in cytoplasm and chloroplast, and only CsADH1is located in nucleus. In addition, a large number of cis-acting elements closely related to light responsive, plant growth, stress and phytohormone responsive were found in the upstream promoter region. Fluorescence quantitative detection shows that the expression of CsFDH2 was the highest at 4 h of withering. The expressions of CsADH4 and CsADH10 were the highest at 32 h of withering, which were 4.11 and 3.54 times that of the control respectively. The expression of CsADH3 reached the peak at 48 h of withering, which was slightly higher than that at 32 h of withering. The expression of CsADH-like1 reached the highest value at 40 h of withering. The highest expression of CsADH-like3 was at 24 h of withering. This study provided a reference for exploring the molecular mechanism of alcohol dehydrogenase genes acting on the formation of aliphatic aromatic substances in the withering process of white tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on Performances, Lipid Metabolism and Egg Quality of Laying Hens LOU Hong-xing, LIN Zi, WANG You-ming, LU Fu-zhuang, TANG Jun-feng, YING Jun-feng, YANG Zhong-ming Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (2): 135-140.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.02.012 Abstract （590）      PDF（pc） （283KB）（449）       Knowledge map    Save There were two feeding trials in this research. 225 37-week-old Lohamann laying hens were randomly divided into five treatments for trial one,fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 percentage tea polyphenols(TP) for a period of 59 days, respectively.600 51-week-old Lohamann laying hens were randomly divided into four treatments for trial two, fed a basal diet added with 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 percentage TP for a period of 8 weeks, respectively. Dietary effects of TP supplementation on performance, lipid metabolism and egg quality were investigated in laying hens. The results showed that: (1) Egg production and feed conversion efficiency were improved to a certain extent by supplementing TP, but they were not improved with the increasing levels of added TP. (2) The addition of 0.1% TP in diet increased egg yolk VE and VA concentration by 58.99% and 20.96%, respectively. And TP was tended to increase whole egg amino acid levels containing S. The supplementation of 0.025%—0.1% TP in diet of layers at later period decreased broken and soft-shelled egg rates by 31.59%—47.09%. (3) The addition of 0.4% TP in diet decreased total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride(TG), LDL-C contents of layer serum with 46 week old by 19.65%, 19.99% and 7.69%, respectively, and increased HDL-C by 45.35%. No significant change of 0.025%—0.1% TP supplementation on serum lipid levels was found in layers with 59βw old. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(58) Select Construction of Tea Caffeine Synthase Gene RNAi Vector ZHANG Guang-hui, LIANG Yue-rong, LU Jian-liang, DONG Jun-jie Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 243-248.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.002 Abstract （705）      PDF（pc） （222KB）（448）       Knowledge map    Save Tea Caffeine synthase (TCS) is one of the key enzymes involved in caffieine biosynthsis in tea plant (Camellia sinensis),which catalyses conversions of 7-methylxanthine to theobromine and theobromine to caffeine. Inhibition of TCS gene expression can leads to breeding low caffeine tea cultivars. Two cDNA fragments of TCS gene were amplified by RT-PCR, and ligated into T-vector. The two TCS gene fragments were inserted into RNAi vector pFGC5941 in reverse direction after double digestion with two pairs of restriction endonucleases. The insertion of two fragments, namely pFGC5941-TCS02 and pFGC5941-TCS03, into the RNAi vector were confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(14) Select Research Progress on the Biosynthesis of Monomeric and Polymeric Catechins in Camellia sinensis LIU Yajun, WANG Peiqiang, JIANG Xiaolan, ZHUANG Juhua, GAO Liping, XIA Tao Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (1): 1-17.   Abstract （767）      PDF（pc） （1664KB）（448）       Knowledge map    Save Catechin compounds, mainly including monomeric catechins and polymericcatechins, are the main components of tea polyphenols in Camellia sinensis and the decisive components of the "taste" of green tea. The synthesis and accumulation of tea catechin compounds have remarkable tissue- and organ- specificity. The leaves mainly biosynthesize monomeric catechins, and roots mainly accumulate polymeric catechins. The downstream enzymes of flavonoid metabolism pathway, leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanin reductase (ANR) are the key enzymes determining the types of catechins. This paper mainly reviewed the research progress on the biosynthesis, accumulation, and transcriptional regulation of catechins in Camellia sinensis, with emphasis on the latest research progress in the function and transcriptional regulation of LAR, ANR and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LODX). Our views on the unsolved problems in catechin synthetic pathway were also proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Experimental study on Microencapsulation of Tea Polyphenols MENG Xiang, LI Bao-guo Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 275-279.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.008 Abstract （553）      PDF（pc） （443KB）（447）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the new method of preparing slow-releasing microspheres of tea polyphenols, which will be useful for the applications of tea polyphenols. Through spray drying technology, tea polyphenols were microencapsulated by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate which is a biodegradable material. The microencapsulation process of tea polyphenols was optimized with orthogonal design L9 (34), the retention of tea polyphenols microspheres was used as the index. Results: A little emulsifier could increase the retention greatly , and the efficiency of SDS was better than PVA. The optimized conditions of tea polyphenols microencapsulation were that entrance temperature was 100℃, entrance speed was 6.25βml/min, proportion of tea polyphenols and wall material was 2:1, proportion of all solid maters was 3%. Using Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate as the wall material is feasible to prepare tea polyphenols microspheres by spray drying technology, and tea polyphenols microspheres had a slow-releasing efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (02): 174-178.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.02.017 Abstract （340）      PDF（pc） （266KB）（447）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Catechins on Acute Hyperuricemia in Mice JIN Hongna, SONG Yewei, CUI Weibo, XIE Hong Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (4): 347-353.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.04.002 Abstract （702）      PDF（pc） （776KB）（446）       Knowledge map    Save The mouse model of acute hyperuricemia was established by using 300 mg·kg-1 oxonic acid potassium salt to evaluate the influence of catechins on serum uric acid. The xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in serum and liver and the inhibitory effect of catechins on XOD in vitro was further studied. Results showed that with dosage of 600 mg·kg-1, EC, ECG and EGC reduced the serum uric acid level in vivo significantly by 23% (P<0.001), 35% (P<0.001) and 37% (P<0.001), respectively compared with the model group. ECG could reduce XOD activity in serum and liver approximately by 31% (P<0.01) and 32% (P<0.05). In vitro, ECG and EGCG could inhibit XOD activity. Therefore EC, ECG and EGC could reduce the level of uric acid of hyperuricemia mice. The mechanism of uric acid lowering effect of ECG might be associated with its inhibitory effect on XOD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1990, 10 (01): 41-43.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1990.01.008 Abstract （412）      PDF（pc） （165KB）（446）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1987, 7 (02): 7-12.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1987.02.002 Abstract （501）      PDF（pc） （377KB）（445）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison of Parents Identification for Tea Variety Based on SSR, SRAP and ISSR Markers LIU Zhen, ZHAO Yang, YANG Peidi, CHENG Yang, NING Jing, YANG Yang Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (6): 617-624.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.06.024 Abstract （784）      PDF（pc） （650KB）（445）       Knowledge map    Save To identify male parent of Xiangbolv 2 and to provide a reference for the choice of DNA marker in the study of relationship analysis, SSR, SRAP and ISSR were used to identify the male parent of Xiangbolv 2 among 5 possible tea varieties. Percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB), polymorphic information content (PIC), diversity index (DI), resolving power (Rp), marker index (MI) and other indicators were used to compare the marker efficiencies of SSR, SRAP and ISSR. Totally 83 (2.86 per primer) alleles were identified by 29 pairs of SSR primers. The average PPB, PIC, DI, Rp, MI were 77.01%, 0.55, 0.29, 1.31, 0.95 respectively. Meanwhile, 139 (8.18 per primer) alleles were amplified by 17 pairs of SRAP, with the average PPB, PIC, DI, Rp, MI of 71.70%, 0.84, 0.15, 3.65, 3.59 respectively. 90 (9.00 per primer) alleles were detected by 10 ISSR primer, with the average PPB, PIC, DI, Rp, MI of 69.76%, 0.85, 0.15, 4.21, 4.71 respectively. MI, Rp and PIC showed the same trend among SSR, SRAP and ISSR, with the highest value of ISSR, followed by SRAP and SSR, the PPB and DI showed the opposite trend. These results indicated that ISSR and SRAP markers had high marker efficiency, and SSR markers had extensive polymorphism. Similarity coefficients among 7 accessions were different by different 3 DNA markers, but Xiangbolv 2, Xiangbolv and Fuding Dabaicha were gathered together irrespective of DNA markers, indicating that Xiangbolv might be the male parent of Xiangbolv 2. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Influence of Amino Acid Foliar Application on the Amount of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Tea Leaf ZHANG Ding, TANG Cha-Qin, CHEN Xuan, XU De-liang, XIAO Run-lin, LI Xing-hui Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 237-242.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.001 Abstract （681）      PDF（pc） （379KB）（445）       Knowledge map    Save Vacuum and anaerobic treated fresh tea leaves which sprayed by different kind or concentration of amino acid were investigation. The influence on theγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis by different treatments were analyzed. The result showed that the content ofγ-aminobutyric acid was enhanced obviously after foliage-sprayed and vacuum treatment. The influence of six types of amino acid on the ability ofγ-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis was Glutamic Acid>Asparticacid>Glutamine>Phenylalanine>Glycine>Alanine. The content of Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid and Thenine in tea fresh leaves may be the criterion of synthesizing ability forγ-aminobutyric acid. The total content of Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid and theanine has reached the peak on the fifth day in tea fresh leaves. 0.5% Glutamic acid sprayed on tea leaves for 5 days is the best method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of Pectin Acetylesterases from Tea Plant LIU Yanli, MA Linlong, CAO Dan, JIN Xiaofang, FENG Lin, GONG Ziming Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 521-529.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.003 Abstract （1273）      PDF（pc） （686KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant is a fluoride hyperaccumulator with high fluoride in leaves, which has many health benefits to human body. Tea pectin acetylesterase (PAE) may be related to fluoride accumulation and detoxification by regulating pectin deacytelation. However, few reports on tea PAEs were available. In the study, the identification and analysis of characteristic, evolutionary and subcellular localization of CsPAEs were performed by bioinformatics method based on tea genome database and three next-generation sequencing data of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv ‘Shuchazao’. The results indicate that 12 CsPAEs belonged to five members, including PAE5, PAE8, PAE9, PAE10 and PAE12. Nine conserved motifs including CLDG, PxYH, GGGWC, GS, NWN, rYCDg, GCSAG, NaAYDSWQ and HCQ were found in CsPAEs; CsPAEs were more closely related to PAEs of Vitis vinifera and Theobroma cacao according to evolutionary relationship; Amino acid length, molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of 12 CsPAEs varies from 326-515, 36.7-56.9βkDa and 5.1-8.9, respectively. Except that CsPAE5 and CsPAE5-1 were predicated to be localized in the mitochondrion, and CsPAE10-1 might be present in cellular martix. The rest CsPAEs were predicated to be localized in the cell wall. CsPAE5, CsPAE5-1, CsPAE12 and CsPAE12-1 were transmembrane proteins. The results provided a foundation for functional analysis of CsPAEs involved in fluoride accumulation and detoxification. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Complete Chloroplast Genome of Camellia sinensis cv. Xinyang 10 and Its Phylogenetic Evolution YAN Minghui, LIU Ke, WANG Man, LYU Ying, ZHANG Qian Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (6): 777-788.   Abstract （470）      PDF（pc） （1110KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis cv. Xinyang 10 is a national excellent cultivar suitable for producing Xinyangmaojian. However, its origin and evolutionary relationship with other tea cultivars are still unknown. This study obtained the complete chloroplast genome of C. sinensis cv. Xinyang 10 by using MGI2000 sequencing platform, and then analyzed the chloroplast genome structure. A chloroplast genome phylogenetic analysis of 46 species was also conducted to infer the position of C. sinensis cv. Xinyang 10. The results show that: (1) the chloroplast genome of Xinyang 10 is 157 041 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR, 26 078 bp), a large single-copy region (LSC, 86 594 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 18 291 bp). A total of 113 genes are annotated, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. (2) 74 SSR loci were detected in the chloroplast genome of Xinyang 10, most of the SSRs were composed of A/T. (3) The cluster analysis using Bayesian method shows that Xinyang 10 had the closest genetic relationship with C. sinensis cv. Tieluohan. Both cultivars may share the same female parent as their chloroplast genomes were identical. Xinyang 10 also had a close relationship with two Korean tea (Chamnok and Sangmok), Baijiguan and C. sinensis var. Dehungensis. The results provided a basis for further research on the origin and evolution of tea and molecular breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of CssHSP18.1 Gene in Camellia Sinensis JIANG Junmei, FANG Yuanpeng, NING Na, CHEN Meiqing, YANG Zaifu, WANG Yong, LI Xiangyang, XIE Xin Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 328-340.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.004 Abstract （712）      PDF（pc） （1059KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save The sHSPs gene family encodes a class of small molecular heat shock proteins, which are widely distributed in plants, functioned as molecular chaperones, and play an important role in plant resistance to stresses. In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) of CssHSP18.1 gene cDNA was obtained by gene cloning, which is 480 bp in length and encodes 159 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that CssHSP18.1 protein contained a typical HSP20 domain. Its molecular weight and isoelectric point are about 18.25 kDa and 5.68 respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CssHSP18.1 has the closest relationship with quercus and apple. It was predicted that CssHSP18.1 protein was does not have signal peptide and transmembrane structure. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of CssHSP18.1 under D-Mannitol treatment was lower than that in the control group. GABA could enhance the expression of CssHSP18.1 with its peak at 1 h after GABA treatment. The expression of CssHSP18.1 was upregulated upon IAA and PEG 6000 treatments, and reached the peaks at 0.5 h. Thus, GABA、IAA、PEG 6000 could induce the expression of CssHSP18.1. To obtain CssHSP18.1 soluble protein, a recombinant plasmid pET-28a-CssHSP18.1 was constructed and expressed in prokaryotic system. The expression strains, induction temperatures and induction concentrations of IPTG (isopropyl- -D-thiopyranogalactoside) were optimized. The results showed that the best expression strain of CssHSP18.1 protein was BL21 (DE3), and the best induction temperature and IPTG concentration were 30℃ and 1.2 mmol·L-1 respectively. Finally, western blot was used to verify the expression of CssHSP18.1 protein. This study provided a basis for further study on the biological function of CssHSP18.1 gene. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Black Tea Extend the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode under Oxidative Stress ZHANG Jian-wei, XIONG Zhe, GAO Yan, PENG Yu-xuan, GONG Yu-shun, LIU Zhong-hua Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 295-300.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.002 Abstract （407）      PDF（pc） （808KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of black tea extracts on extending the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans nematode under Oxidative stress was studied by the authors. Results showed the mean lifespan was significantly extended upon the concentration of 50βmg/L black tea extract treatment under oxidative stress. Further studies demonstrated that the significant up-regulation of stress-resistance-related enzyme including superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3) by 40.8% and GSH-Px by 340.8%,and its up-regulation of stress-resistance-related proteins, including SKN-1::GFP by 10% and DAF-16::GFP by 18%. These results indicate that black tea extracts can extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans nematode against oxidative stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Tea Polysaccharide Increased Doxorubicin Inhibition of Lung Cancer A549 Cells WEI Nan, ZHU Qiangqiang, CHEN Jiming, LI Tong, LI Yifan, HUANG Yewei, WANG Xuanjun, SHENG Jun Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (5): 477-483.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.05.005 Abstract （576）      PDF（pc） （918KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save Lung cancer has high incidence and mortality rates around the world and chemotherapy is widely applied in cancer treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a kind of chemotherapy drug which commonly used in clinical trials. However, the drug has many side effects and may cause a dose-dependent injury in the long term. These side effects include irreversible cardiopulmonary, bone marrow suppression and so on. Moreover, its mufti-drug resistance also restricts it in certain clinical application. The effect of polysaccharides of tea extract combined with doxorubicin on human lung cancer cell line A549 were tested in this study. A549 was first cultured in vitro with different concentrations of DOX. After 24h culture, apotheosis ratio was determined by MTT. The results show that the DOX dose for the best inhibiting effect was 3 mg·L-1 according to MTT detection. Three doses of DOX were selected to combine tea polysaccharide and suppress A549 cell survival. The combination of 2 mg·L-1 DOX and 6 mg·L-1 tea polysaccharide had been demonstrated to have better suppressing efficiency than 3 mg·L-1 DOX alone. DOX could Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Effects of Different Potassium Levels on Main Biochemical Components of Fresh Leaves of Tea Seedlings ZHONG Qiusheng, LIN Zhenghe, ZHANG Hui, CHEN Zhihui, YOU Xiaomei, SHAN Ruiyang, CHEN Changsong Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (1): 49-59.   Abstract （477）      PDF（pc） （1171KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save Vegetatively propagated 10-month-old tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Ruixiang] seedlings grown in pots were fertilized three times weekly for 26 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0, 100, 400, 800 or 2β000βμmol·L-1 potassium. The effects of different potassium concentrations on the nutritional elements (N, P, K), biochemical and aroma components of tea seedlings were studied. The results showed that the tea plants exhibited potassium deficiency when the potassium concentration was 0 or 100βμmol·L-1. The potassium contents in the mature leaves of the tea plants were 5.26βmg·g-1 and 5.91βmg·g-1, correspondingly. The K-deficiency decreased the root and shoot biomasses, but increased the the ratio of root to shoot. Leaf K content was positively correlated with N and P levels (YN=1.045X+11.9065, R2=0.8167. YP=0.3075X–0.5706, R2 =0.9146 ). Results also showed that K-deficiency decreased the contents of amino acid, caffeine, water extract and EGCG, but increased the contents of tea polyphenol, catechins, EGC, EC and the ratio of tea polyphenol to anmin acid. The contents of arginine, theanine and glutamic acid were significantly decreased in the K-deficient leaves as compared with leaves under normal potassium supply (2 000 μmol·L-1), which decreased by 86.96%, 72.46% and 40.43% respectively. Aroma component analysis showed that the K-deficient leaves had lower alcohols, aldehydes and esters. Potassium deficiency had a negative effect on the aroma quality of tea leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Bacterial Abundance of Tea Garden Soils and Its Influencing Factors HAN Wen-yan, WANG Wan-meng, GUO Yun, YANG Ming-zhen, JIA Zhong-jun Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (2): 147-154.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.02.013 Abstract （519）      PDF（pc） （779KB）（443）       Knowledge map    Save Bacterial abundances in tea garden and their adjacent forest and vegetable soils were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) as well as the factors that may affect the population size of bacterial communities. Soil DNA was extracted by using Griffiths’ method and bacterial abundance was determined by quantifying the copy number of 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that the bacterial abundance of tea garden soils ranged from 0.01×108 to 20.32×108 16βS rRNA gene copies/g (gram dry weight soil) with an average of 3.70×108 16βS rRNA gene copies/g, being similar with that in the forest soil, but far below that in the vegetable soil. The bacterial abundance in the tea garden soils was significantly and positively correlated with the soil pH and microbial biomass C (P<0.001) respectively, but significantly and negatively correlated with N application rate and age of tea plantation (P<0.01) respectively. There was no significant correlation between bacterial abundance and total organic C and total N in soil. Multiple regression analysis further indicated that bacterial abundance was affected most significantly by soil pH, followed by age of tea stand and annual N application rate. The results of this study suggested that soil amelioration such as raising soil pH and reducing the high rates of nitrogen application could be of great help for maintaining bacterial abundance and microbial diversity in tea garden soils. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(14) Select Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of O-methyltransferase from Camellia sinensis MA Cheng-ying, SHI Jiang, LV Hai-peng, ZHANG Yue, TAN Jun-feng, GUO Li, PENG Qun-hua, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (6): 532-540.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.014 Abstract （489）      PDF（pc） （660KB）（443）       Knowledge map    Save A full length cDNA of O-methyltransferase gene was obtained from Camellia sinensis and the prokaryotic expression vector for this gene was constructed. Based on total RNA from tea leaves, a O-methyltransferase cDNA sequence of tea was obtained by RT-PCR and RACE. The whole cDNA sequence 1β280βbp which contains an ORF of 1β068βbp and encodes 355 amino acids. The putative protein of this gene had an isoelectric point of 5.68 and a calculated molecular weight of 39.1βkD. The amino acid sequence of tea O-methyltransferase showed 73%, 71% identity with that of Vitis vinifera and Ricinus communis respectively. The coding sequence had been cloned into pET-28a and transformed into the host BL21. Results of SDS-PAGE showed that the specific fusion protein was successfully induced to express by IPTG. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Biochemical Composition in 52 Tea Germplasms WANG Xiao-ping, TANG Xiao-bo, WANG Ying-chun, LI Chun-hua, YAO Yu, LI Lan-ying, LUO Fan, WANG Yun Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (2): 129-134.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.02.012 Abstract （431）      PDF（pc） （656KB）（443）       Knowledge map    Save Biochemical components (including water extracts, polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and catechins etc.) and genetic diversity in spring shoots were analyzed in 52 tea germplasms from Sichuan(33 germplasms) and other provinces(19 germplasms). The results showed that the biochemical diversity and variation were significant in these 52 tea gemplasms. Based on the biochemical composition data, 52gemplasms were clustered into two groups. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(13) Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 99-102.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.005 Abstract （274）      PDF（pc） （127KB）（443）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Correlation between the Activities of Key Enzymes Involving in Anthocyanin Synthesis and the Contents of Important Polyphenols in Purple Tea CAO Bingbing, WANG Qiushuang, QIN Dandan, FU Donghe, FANG Kaixing, JIANG Xiaohui, LI Hongjian, WANG Qing, PAN Chendong, LI Bo, WU Hualing Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 724-738.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20201109.001 Abstract （631）      PDF（pc） （1233KB）（443）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, four purple tea cultivars (strains) namely Hongye 1, Hongye 2, Danfei from Guangdong and Zijuan from Yunnan were used as the testing materials. Yinghong 9 with green buds was used as the control. The activity changing patterns of the key enzymes involved in anthocyanin synthesis were studied by the enzyme activities analysis, which revealed the relationship between the enzyme activities and biochemical components in tea. The results show that the activity of flavonoid-3-O-glycosyltransferase (UFGT), a key enzyme involved in anthocyanin synthesis, was positively correlated with the total amount of tea polyphenols and the anthocyanin contents in different samples in the same season. However, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonoid-3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR), flavonol synthase (FLS), anthocyanin synthase (ANS) and anthocyanin reductase (ANR) were not significantly correlated with the anthocyanin contents. There was a significant and positive correlation between catechin (C) content and PAL enzyme activity in spring. Epicatechin gallate (ECG) content and DFR enzyme activity showed the same result. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the activities of CHS, F3H, ANS and ANR enzymes and polyphenols contents in different cultivars (strains) in the same season. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Preparation of a Cross-linked Polyphenol Oxidase Aggregate Based on Catechins and Its Efficient Catalytic Synthesis of Theaflavin-3,3ʹ-digalate ZHOU Jinghui, LIU Changwei, ZHANG Sheng, XU Gang, XU Wei, HUANG Jian′an, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 377-388.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.005 Abstract （366）      PDF（pc） （1818KB）（443）       Knowledge map    Save In order to prepare theaflavin more efficiently and economically, catechins were used as the cross-linking reagent in this study, and a polyphenol oxidase (tyrosinase) crossed-linked aggregate derived from Bacillus megaterium was prepared and used for the synthesis of theaflavin-3,3ʹ-digalate. Through optimization of enzyme cross-linking parameters and the catalytic performance before and after cross-linking, the results show that the optimal enzyme activity recovery rate of cross-linked enzyme (200 U·mL-1) could be obtained at pH 4.0, EGCG 0.5 mg·mL-1 and cross-linking time 50 min. Compared with free enzymes, cross-linked enzymes showed better catalytic performance (thermal stability, organic solvent tolerance, substrate tolerance). When the cross-linked enzyme was used to synthesize theaflavin-3,3′-digallate, the concentration of the product could reach 800 μg·mL-1, and the cross-linked enzyme could be reused for at least three batches. This method could significantly reduce the application cost of theaflavin, which has potential industrial application value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison on the Population Dynamics and Leafhopper Resistance on Different Tea Cultivars HU Ke-ming, ZHANG Yan-mei, WANG Jia-fang, XIE Tai-hua Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 57-60.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.012 Abstract （575）      PDF（pc） （269KB）（442）       Knowledge map    Save The difference on the population dynamics of the leafhopper and resistance existed on different clonal tea plants. In our study the clonal EF showed the strongest resistance to leafhopper than other cultivars. The clonal JGDBC and YT showed the highest susceptibility. These represent the differences of insect resistance among tea cultivars cultivated in production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Tea Quality JIANG Yue-lin, ZHANG Qing-guo, ZHANG Shi-ding Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 299-304.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.013 Abstract （541）      PDF（pc） （422KB）（442）       Knowledge map    Save The quality components including amino acids, polyphenols, caffeine, soluble sacchrides and main nutrient elements in tea were measured under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions, and effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on tea quality were analysed. The results showed that amino acid contents in tea decreased by 1.7%~4.5% and 6.7%~12.2% under elevated (500 and 750βμmol/mol) CO2, compared to the ambient air CO2 concentration. At the same time, the caffeine contents reduced by 3.1%~4.6% and 5.1%~10.7%. The polyphenol contents increased by 3.8%~6.0% and 6.9%~11.3%. The solule sacchride contents increased by 8.4%~14.4% and 18.1%~28.2%. It was also found that the N, K, Ca, P and Na contents in tea decreased to some extent. The Zn, Mg and Fe contents increased with CO2 enrichment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Phylogenetic Relationship of Tea Tussork(Euproctis pseudoconspersa) Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Other Baculoviruses Based on P24、Rr1 and Lef1 Genes Nie Ting-ting, XIAO Qiang, YIN Kun-shan, XING Li-Ping, ZHANG Chuan-Xi Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 242-248.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.002 Abstract （506）      PDF（pc） （253KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Save An EcoRI-XhoI 5942 bp DNA fragment from the Euproctis pseudoconspersa nucleopolyhedrovirus (EupsNPV) genome was cloned and its sequence was determined. Five Open Reading Frames (ORFs) encoding P24, Rr1, 38.7 K, Lef1 and Ep-ld124 were identified in the fragment. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the 5 genes with their homologues from other baculoviruses revealed that EupsNPV was a nucleopolyhedrovirus distinct from other known baculoviruses. The result also showed that EupsNPV was one of the NPV II members, and was most closely related to Ectropis obliqua SNPV (EcobSNPV). The sequence data reported in this paper have been assigned the EMBL accession number AJ920288. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research and Experiment on Profiling Method of Tea Picker Based on Fusion of 2D-LiDAR and Attitude and Heading Reference System WU Min, HUAN Xiaolong, CHEN Jianneng, DONG Chunwang, SHAO Bokai, BIAN Xianbing, FAN Guoshuai Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 135-145.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.008 Abstract （362）      PDF（pc） （1676KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Save In order to promote the mechanized harvesting of bulk tea and improve the harvesting efficiency and quality of fresh leaves of bulk tea, a fusion 2D-LiDAR and Attitude and heading reference system（AHRS）was proposed in view of the fact that the sensing sensor of the current profiling tea picker is easily affected by contact force, natural light or the gap between the leaves of the tea canopy. Based on the estimation method of profiling distance of cutting knife of tea picker, an accuracy verification test bench and an automatic profiling tea picker were designed and developed, indoor and field experiments were carried out respectively. The tea picker used 2D-LiDAR to measure the profiling distance at first. In order to improve the ranging accuracy and real-time performance, combined with the acceleration sensed by AHRS, a fusion of 2D-LiDAR ranging and acceleration (FLRA) was proposed. The algorithm accuracy verification platform and method were developed to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The indoor test results show that the mean value of the ranging error of the profiling distance before the algorithm processing was 36.53 mm, and the standard deviation was 23.21 mm. After the algorithm processing, the mean value of the profiling distance estimation error was 8.56 mm, and the standard deviation was 6.31 mm, which improved the accuracy and real-time performance of profiling distance ranging. Field tests show that the harvesting efficiency reached 180-210 kg·h-1. The average picking rate of young shoots on the canopy covered by cutter was 92.38%. The integrity rate of bud and leaf was 85.34% and the impurity rate was 4.93%. The young shoots better than one bud and three leaves accounted for 90.72%, which meets the technical standards of bulk tea machine picking and the requirements of subsequent processing technology. Compared with the traditional ultrasonic sensing automatic profiling tea picker, the harvesting effect of bulk tea fresh leaves was improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress in the Residue Analysis and Risk Assessment of Chiral Pesticides in Tea HU Yue, NING Yating, LI Hongxia, LUO Fengjian, YIN Rongxiu, ZHANG Xinzhong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 363-385.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.013 Abstract （323）      PDF（pc） （902KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Save Chiral pesticides have one or more enantiomers, and their biological activity, toxicity, environmental behavior, degradation and metabolism may be different. Tea, as one of the three major beverages, has attracted much attention in terms of quality and safety. However, more attention is currently paid to the total amount of pesticide racemate residues. With the development of analytical techniques, it is particularly crucial to fully understand the stereoselective behavior of the chiral pesticide enantiomer in tea, as well as to examine residue degradation in tea and to set the maximum residue limits for enantiomers. This would help to improve the efficacies of chiral pesticides and reduce their residues and toxicities to non-target organisms. In this paper, the current status of chiral pesticide separation and residue detection technology in tea were reviewed, such as liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. In addition, it provided a summary of the residue degradation behaviors and risk assessment of chiral pesticide enantiomers in tea, which would be useful as a guide for further in-depth studies on chiral pesticide enantiomers in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Design of End Effector for Picking Tea Shoots XU Lijia, LIU Qi, DAI Jianwu, CHEN Xiaohu Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 705-716.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.05.006 Abstract （712）      PDF（pc） （1542KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the selective picking of tea shoots, based on the physical characteristics of tea shoots, an end effector of picking tea shoots with clip was designed in this study. The GUI module of MATLAB software and SolidWorks software were used to optimize the structural parameters of the picking end effector,and the optimal combination structural parameters were obtained. The kinematics simulation analysis was feasible and met the requirements of clamping force. The model of picking end effector was tested in tea garden, and the results show that the missed picking rate of one bud and one leaf was 2.8%, and the picking integrity rate was 91%. While the missed picking rate of one bud and two leaves was <3%, and the picking integrity rate was about 94% in March. The experimental results verified that the structural design and parameters of the picking end effector are feasible, which provided a theoretical basis for the selective picking of tea shoots, and a technical support for the subsequent research and development of tea shoot picking machine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Fungal Mixed Fermentation for The Production of Lipase and Its Activity Analysis in Galloylated Catechin Hydrolysis FANG Hongfeng, ZHANG Huixia, WANG Guohong, YANG Minhe Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (1): 88-97.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.01.010 Abstract （668）      PDF（pc） （1056KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Save In the process of dark tea manufacture, microbial fermentation leads to the biotransformation of catechins and the decrease of the total polyphenol contents. Up to date, the metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of this transformation process were still unclear. The green tea was fermented by mixed fermentation of Aspergillus cristatum strain PE-1 and A. niger strain PE-4. Lipase activity was detected by a differential culture medium plate test and enzyme activity assay. The results indicate that lipase activities in mixed strain fermentation were stronger than that of signal strain fermentation. In mixed fermentation, a lipase protein with a molecular weight of approximately 37βkDa was obtained by protein separation and purification, which had different biotransformation efficiency for EGCG and ECG. HPLC results show that the lipase had a better substrate selectivity for EGCG than that for ECG. The efficiency of EGCG hydrolysis and the yield of EGC were 94.46% and 63.33%. While the efficiency of ECG hydrolysis and the yield of EC were 15.45% and 4.15%. The biotransformation of EGCG and ECG by lipase would promote the study of the catechin metabolism and the production of monomeric catechins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select SNP Detection and Mapping of Theanine Synthetase Gene in Tea Plant LI Xiaojie, MA Jianqiang, YAO Mingzhe, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (3): 251-257.   Abstract （493）      PDF（pc） （744KB）（441）       Knowledge map    Save The theanine synthetase (TS) gene is considered as the key functional gene for the synthesis of theanine in tea plant. In this study, an F1 segregating population and its parents were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TS gene for genetic mapping. According to the sequence alignment between the parents, three SNPs were found, and SNP735 was identified to be heterozygous in YS. SNP735 was subsequently transformed into dCAPS marker and used for genotyping in the F1 population. The results showed that the segregation ratio of alleles at this SNP locus was close to 1:1. The dCAPS marker was mapped to LG03 at a position between TM299 and TM517 in the tea genetic map. Meanwhile, significant correlations between the dCAPS marker and the content of theanine and total amino acid were identified in this study. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of the Geographical Origins of Oolong Tea Based on EGCG, ECG and Caffeine Contents CAO Qiong, SU Huan, WAN Xiaochun, NING Jingming Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 237-243.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.003 Abstract （734）      PDF（pc） （793KB）（440）       Knowledge map    Save A quantitative method to discriminate the geographical origins of Oolong teas was proposed to promote the fair of tea trade. A total of 130 Oolong tea samples were collected across China, and the chemical compositions including gallic acid, catechins, caffeine and theanine were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Genetic algorithm and successive projections algorithm were applied to identify important compounds, and then support vector machine, back propagation artificial neural networks and random forest models were used to classify and predict Oolong tea samples from Minnan, Minbei, Guangdong and Taiwan based on the selected compounds. The overall results indicated that compounds selected by genetic algorithm (caffeine, EGCG and ECG) combined with back propagation artificial neural networks could achieve a high efficiency in identifying Oolong tea samples from four origins, and the total identification rate in the training and prediction sets were 97.13% and 98.34%. The results provided scientific credibility to identify Oolong tea origins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Preparation of Tea Soup for Sensory Evaluation of Hunan Dark Tea LUO Yuan, LI Shi, HUANG Jian′an, XIAO Lizheng, OU Xingchang, AN Huimin Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 289-296.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.006 Abstract （788）      PDF（pc） （798KB）（440）    PDF（mobile） （798KB）（21）    Knowledge map    Save Using one-time brewing method, the dynamic changes of water extracts and major biochemical components in different types of Hunan dark teas were studied. The aroma, liquor color, taste and infused leaves were compared according to the Chinese national standard. The results show that the amino acids, polyphenols and total water extraction could be extracted effectively by the one-time brewing method (the ratio of tea to water was 1∶50, 8 min with 100℃ water), especially for the compact type of Hunan black tea. The tea soup is also acceptable for sensory evaluation. So here we provided a convenient method for brewing Hunan dark tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Acidification on Mineral Transformation and Potassium Supply Capacity of Tea Garden Soils MA Wanzhu, ZHU Kangying, ZHUO Zhiqing Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 17-26.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.002 Abstract （517）      PDF（pc） （338KB）（440）       Knowledge map    Save Acidification is a common phenomenon of tea garden soils. In order to understand the long-term effects of acidification on mineral components and potassium in tea garden soils, the red soil developed from granite was selected, and the forest land of the same soil type was used as the control. Through soil analysis and simulation experiments, the changes and differences of soil minerals and soil potassium forms caused by soil acidification were compared after 20 and 50 years of continuous planting of tea trees. The results show that the acidification of tea garden soils reduced the capacity of slow available potassium and potassium containing minerals such as mica and feldspar in sand and silt fractions, promoted the transformation from 2∶1 type (Illite) minerals to 1∶1 type minerals (Kaolinite) in clay fraction, and reduced the total potassium content of the soils. With the increase of soil acidity, the proportion of mineral bound form and non-exchangeable form K in the soils decreased gradually. While the proportion of water-soluble K increased gradually. After soil acidification, the potassium applied to the soils mainly existed in water-soluble and exchangeable forms with high activity. The proportion of K in non-exchangeable form was significantly reduced, and the buffering ability of soil to external source K was gradually reduced. The application of zeolite in acidic soils could enhance the buffering ability of the soils to potassium transformation and reduce the leaching loss risk of soil potassium. The results show that soil acidification in tea gardens could significantly reduce soil potassium, weaken soil potassium supply capacity and potassium buffering ability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Physiological Differences and Expression Analysis of Wax Synthesis Related Gene WSD1 in Tea Roots Treated with Fluorine SONG Bo, JIA Peining, YE Wenqi, WU Jun, SUN Weijiang, XUE Zhihui Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 219-230.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.010 Abstract （303）      PDF（pc） （3895KB）（440）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant, as one of the plants with high fluorine contents, has fluoride-polymerizing property. In this paper, based on scanning electron microscopy, the roots of ‘Huangdan’ and ‘Foshou’ were treated with different fluoride concentrations (10 mg·L-1 and 50 mg·L-1) and different time periods (1 d and 16 d). The differentially expressed gene WSD1 of tea wax synthesis under fluoride treatment was screened from the transcriptome data of our research group. The results show that under 50 mg·L-1 fluoride treatment, the epidermal cells of ‘Huangdan’ root had slightly more wax on the surface and relatively loose cell arrangement, while the epidermal cells of ‘Foshou’ root had blurred boundaries, significantly more wax on the surface, and fluorine intolerance symptoms such as cell wall distortion and breakage. Quantitative fluorescence results of WSD1 related to wax synthesis show that WSD1 had a significant up-regulation effect on the wax content of tea root under exogenous fluoride treatment. The prediction results of WSD1 protein interaction network and correlation analysis show that WSD1 was negatively regulated by CSS0041298, CSS0012327 and CSS0049082. This study provided a theoretical reference for alleviating fluorine stress in tea plants from the perspective of the interaction between tea plants and wax synthesis, and provided a scientific basis for further exploring the regulation of fluorine absorption in tea plants and the breeding of fluorine-tolerant tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Mapping of First Generation of Backcross in Tea by RAPD and ISSR Markers HUANG Fu-ping, LIANG Yue-rong, LU Jian-lian, CHEN Rong-bing Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (3): 171-176.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.03.003 Abstract （414）      PDF（pc） （545KB）（440）       Knowledge map    Save The segregation mode for 94 plants in first generation of back cross (BC1) of tea cultivar Fudingdabaicha were investigated using 14 RAPD primers and 20 ISSR primers. One hundred and seventy four segregation loci was identified. Among the 174 loci, 90 loci or 51.7% were segregated at the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:1, in which 63 belonged to ISSR loci and 27 belonged to RAPD loci, and 36 loci segregated in the ratios of 3:1 or 1:3. Sixty-two of the 126 loci with segregation ratios of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3 were included in 7 linkage groups through linkage mapping by Mapmaker EXP 3.0 software and the other 64 loci were not included in the 7 linkage groups because of their far genetic distance. This map concluded 46 RAPD markers and 16 ISSR markers, covering distance of 1180.9βcM, with average distance of 20.1βcM. The linkage group LG4 covered the farthest genetic distance with 309.3βcM and group LG6 had the largest number of markers, with 18 loci and its average distance being 15.7βcM. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(49) Select Analysis of Fatty Acid Compositions and Contents in Oolong Tea from Fujian Province GUO Li, LYU Haipeng, CHEN Mingjie, ZHANG Yue, BA Yichen, GUO Yaling, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 611-618.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.013 Abstract （671）      PDF（pc） （293KB）（438）       Knowledge map    Save Fatty acids (FAs) are the key precursors for aroma formation of Oolong tea. Eighteen Minbei Oolong tea cultivars (raw and re-baked tea), and three Minnan Oolong tea cultivars with faint scent were selected as the experiment materials. The fatty acid methyl esters were prepared by the method of sulfuric acid-methanol and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that 11 fatty acids were detected in the Oolong teas from Fujian province, and 16C- and 18C- fatty acids were the most abundant. The total fatty acid contents and unsaturation degree from Minbei Oolong teas were lower than those of Minnan Oolong teas. The contents of nine FAs including C16:0, C18:2, C18:3, and so on, showed significant variation among different cultivars, and Queshe showed the highest C18:3 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSFAs). The effect of re-baking on fatty acids in Minbei Oolong tea was related with their number of carbon atoms and unsaturation. Docosanoic acid and tetracosanoic acid degraded completely, and C18:3 content decreased more than others during re-baking process. Thus, FA contents and compositions were affected by locations, cultivars and processing technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screeining and Identification of the Antagonistic Bacterial Strain Against Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria on Tea Plant HUANG Xiao-qin, ZHANG Li-xia, LIU Hui-xiang, HAN Xiao-yang, CHEN Zong-mao, LI Duo-chuan Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (6): 570-575.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.006 Abstract （560）      PDF（pc） （730KB）（438）       Knowledge map    Save The strain TS1 had been isolated from the soil of tea garden, through the determination performance of the bacteria plate experiment, it can produce the antagonistic performance to the ice nucleation active bacteria which existed on tea plant. According to morphological characteristics and 16βS rDNA sequence analysis, the strain TS1 were preliminary identified as the genus Bacillus subtilis. This paper makes it clear of the species and genus about strain TS1 and provides a good foundation for the biocontrol of tea plant frost injury. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Research on Recognition of Tea Tender Leaf Based on Image Color Information WU Xue-mei, ZHANG Fu-gui, LV Jing-tang Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (6): 584-589.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.015 Abstract （627）      PDF（pc） （746KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save The images of tea leaf in Qingming period were taken by digital camera for extracting tea color information. Firstly, the color information of G and G-B component of tender leaf and old leaf based on RGB color model was analyzed. The color difference between tender leaf and old leaf was able to distinguish the tender leaf from background. Then the original threshold from color analysis was set and the segmentation thresholds for G and G-B component were calculated by improved Ostu (the algorithm of threshold automatically extracted according to the maximum deviation). Finally, the recognition algorithm of tea tender leaf was proposed. Experimental results showed that the algorithm is useful for eliminating the impact of light and rapid in identifying the tender leaf from background. The accuracy rate is more than 92% when the distance between camera and tea bush is about 10βcm. The research results were useful to provide recognition technical supports for an intelligent picking machine development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Effect of Liupao Tea on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Palmitate-induced Insulin Resistance 3T3-L1 Adipocytes TENG Cuiqin, LIU Zhonghua, GONG Shouji, PENG Yuxuan, Ma Rui Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (3): 230-238.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.03.004 Abstract （648）      PDF（pc） （713KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effect of Liupao tea on glucose and lipid metabolism in palmitate-induced insulin resistance 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Glucose intake decreased and insulin resistance was induced in 3T3-L1 adipocytes after incubation in 1mmol/L palmitate for 24 hours. Compared with the model group, the concentrations of glucose and NEFA decreased along with the increase of Liupao tea concentrations in medium. The mRNA expression of key enzyme for glycolysis of glucose (Hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase-1, and pyruvatekinase) and the Lipid-Metabolism-Related Enzymes (Sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase) significantly increased in the Liupao tea groups comparing with model sample. Meanwhile the glucose transporter 4 mRNA expression was also increased and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B mRNA expression was decreased. Low doses of Liupao tea reduced carnitine palmitoyl transferase I mRNA expression while high doses significantly raised it. Research proved that Liupao tea were able to increase glucose uptake and activate the glucolipid metabolic pathways. Liupao tea showed the effect of improving insulin resistance induced by palmitate in 3T3 -L1 adipocytes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Research on the Antihyperlipdemic Activity of Theaflavins, Catechins and Saponius Mixture Preparations ZHANG Cong, TAN Rong, KONG Junhao, GE Qingfeng, YANG Xiufang, WANG Zhijun Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (4): 401-407.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.04.013 Abstract （651）      PDF（pc） （819KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save The antihyperlipdemic activity in vitro of theaflavins(TFs), catechins(Cs) and saponius(SPs) were assessed in lipid clearance rate in the model of HepG2 steatosis by using the admini stration with 1 mmol·L-1 oleic acid(OA) in 24 h. Based on the cell viability test(MTT value), lipid clearance was used to evaluate the effect of TFs, Cs and SPs on HepG2 steatosis. The response surface methodology based on a Box-Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the density of the three extractions for combined lipid-lowering in vitro. Results indicated that TFs, Cs and SPs showed a significant inhibitory effect on TG accumulation in HepG2 cells. The ability of lipid-lowering was significant promoted when the three extractions acted on HepG2 at the same time. TFs, Cs and SPs could showed the prevention and curing effect of hyperlipidemia. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Sampling Strategy to Establish a Primary Core Collection of Chinese Tea Germplasms WANG Xin-chao, LIU Zhen, YAO Ming-zhe, MA Chun-lei, CHEN Liang, YANG Ya-jun Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (2): 159-167.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.012 Abstract （541）      PDF（pc） （266KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save In order to rapid and precisely identify the excellent gene resource for the breeding of tea plant, the construction on core collection of tea plant is necessary. Based on the passport and evaluated datum of 1048 tea accessions in “Evaluated database of tea germplasms”, the optimum sampling proportion, grouping methods, intra-group sampling proportion and methods, in order to obtain the optimum sampling strategy to establish the core collection of China tea germplasm. Results showed that, (1) 20% was the optimum sampling proportion, at this proportion, the genetic diversity index of core collection was higher than other proportions, and the reserved ratio of phenotypic charater of core collection was higher than 95%. (2) At 20% sampling proportion, 25 primary core collections using 3 grouping methods, 4 intra-group sampling proportions, 2 intra-group individual selecting methods were evaluated using 5 parameters to determine the optimum sampling methods. The five parameters were a) ratio of phenotype reserved, b) phenotypic of variance value, c) variance of phenotypic frequency, d) Shannon-weave genetic diversity index, e) coefficient of variation quantitative characters. Results showed that there were different ranks when different evaluated parameter was used. It implied that there was significant interaction between grouping methods, sampling proportion and sampling methods within group. Combined the ranking results of 5 parameters, the optimum sampling strategy to establish primary core collection of tea plant is cultivated region grouping-logarithm sampling proportion-cluster individual selecting. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(23) Select Color Stability of Oxidation Products of Tea Polyphenols and Their Effects on the Growth of PC-3 Cells DING Zhao-tang, WANG Xiu-feng, YU Hai-ning, ZHANG Hui-yan, SHEN Sheng-rong Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (3): 213-218.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.03.010 Abstract （452）      PDF（pc） （367KB）（436）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, theaflavins extracts from black tea and green tea polyphenols were used as control, effects of oxidation products of green tea polyphenols catalyzed by nano-immobilization technique on the growth of PC-3 cells, their color stability and activity of scavenging free radicals were investigated by ultraviolet scanning technique MTT assay and Ultraviolet-vis method. The change of ultraviolet absorption spectrophometer of theaflavins extracts from black tea and nano-immobilized enzymatic in vitro oxidation products were alike The absorption increased along with pH increase. The theaflavins extracts from black tea, green tea polyphenols and enzymatic oxidation products possessed of the scavenging activity to DPPH·, and the scavenging activity of enzymatic oxidation products was higher than that of green tea polyphenols and theaflavins extracts. The growth of PC-3 cells were inhibited by theaflavins extracts from black tea and enzymatic oxidation products, and effects of enzymatic oxidation products were better than that of theaflavins extracts from black tea. The effective biological activity that is possessed in the theaflavin from black tea was preserved by the in vitro enzymatic oxidation products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Theaflavins and EGCG Protect SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxidative Damage Induced by Amyloid-β 1-42 and Inhibit the Level of Aβ42 in vivo and in vitro ZHANG Jing, HUANG Jian'an, CAI Shuxian, YI Xiaoqin, LIU Jianjun, WANG Yingzi, TIAN Lili, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (6): 655-662.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.06.013 Abstract （567）      PDF（pc） （1000KB）（436）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, amyloid β-protein Aβ42 was incubated with EGCG, TF, TF-3-G, TF-3'-G, TF-DG at the ratio of 1:1 and 1:5 under simulated physiological condition. The contents of β-sheets after incubation were tested by thioflavin T fluorometric assay. It was found that EGCG and theaflavins could suppress the formation of β-sheet structure, thereby inhibiting aggregations of Aβ42. In addition, an SH-SY5Y cell damage model was established and MTT assay was used to examine cell viabilities when 20 μmol·L-1 Aβ42 was incubated with different concentrations of EGCG and theaflavins (10, 50, 100 μmol·L-1). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH-Px) and MDA levels were also measured. The results showed EGCG and theaflavins treatments could alleviate the Aβ42 induced oxidative damage to neural cells by reducing ROS and increasing the activity of GSH-Px. To study the in vivo protective effects of EGCG and theaflavins, SAMP8 mice were treated with 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 EGCG or theaflavins respectively by gavage for 10 weeks, and the contents of Aβ42 and AGEs in mouse serum were determined. The results showed that EGCG and theaflavins significantly decreased the contents of Aβ42 and AGEs in SAMP8 serum. In summary, EGCG and theaflavins could inhibit the aggregations of Aβ42 and reduce oxidative injury induced by Aβ42 in neural cells, thereby exerting protective effects on AD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research of Resistance Mechanism to Ectropis oblique by Tea Plant WANG Dan, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (6): 541-547.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.06.014 Abstract （579）      PDF（pc） （589KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save Ectropis oblique (Prout) seriously damages tea plant and reduces tea quality. It is well documented that different tea cultivars [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] have diverse and complicated responds to the feeding stress caused by E. oblique. So to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to E. oblique by tea plant is of great importance for identifying resistance level of tea cultivars, exploring tolerant genetic resources against insects and creating new insect-resistance materials. The damage situation caused by E. oblique was firstly described, then the new achievements related to resistance mechanism to E. oblique by tea plant were summarized, and some problems in this field were pointed out, and the current research trends and prospects were analyzed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison of Growth Period and Biochemical Composition on Fujian Tea Cultivars and Genetic Diversity Analysis CHEN Changsong, CHEN Zhihui, ZHONG Qiusheng, LIN Zhenghe, YOU Xiaomei, WANG Xiuping, YU Wenquan Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (2): 172-179.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.02.012 Abstract （551）      PDF（pc） （873KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save The spring phenophase, biochemical composition and genetic diversity analysis of the 40 tea cultivars with same age, which passed the national and provincial examination or approval from Fujian, were surveyed and identified under the same ecological and cultural condition for two years. The results showed that among the 26 tested oolong tea cultivars, 31% of those were early sprouting cultivars, 23% were late sprouting cultivars and 46% were medium or medium-late sprouting cultivars, among the tested 14 green tea cultivars, 29% of those were extra-early sprouting cultivars, 7% were late sprouting cultivars, and the rest 64% were early or medium sprouting cultivars. Significant differences on bud stage among tea cultivars provided a strong basis for reasonable collocation on bud stage in production. In the tested cultivars, water extracts was from 40% to 52%, tea polyphenols from 9.8% to 20.8%, free amino acids from 3% to 6.8%, and caffeine from 2.9% to 5.0%. The results showed that the contents of each biochemical component among different cultivars had a relatively significant difference. The genetic diversity of tested cultivars was relatively higher, genetic distances of Zaochunhao, Zhenghe-dabaicha, Xiapu-yuanxiaocha, and Yuemingxiang were relatively farther away, and the rest 36 cultivars could be divided into 4 main groups: Tieguanyin type, Minnan type, Fuding-dabaicha type, and Huangdan type. This tudy provided important data reference and theoretical guidance for diversity of choice in production cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Design and Experiment of Tea Far Infrared Dryer Based on DMC-PID Cascade Control LI Bing, SUN Changying, LI Weining, SONG Yangyang Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (4): 410-415.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.009 Abstract （722）      PDF（pc） （870KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save According to the characteristics of delay, inertia and nonlinearity in the baking of tea materials, the low accuracy of temperature control, large overshoot and poor robustness of traditional PID control largely limited relative application. A tea drying machine was designed based on DMC-PID control in this paper. The drying machine adopted multi-layer tunnel with the infrared radiation plate heating element above the conveyor belt. The DMC-PID cascade temperature control system was also used. The first DMC algorithm improved the robustness and capability of the dynamic temperature control system and the second PID algorithm improved the anti-jamming performance simultaneously. The green tea baking experiment on the prototype was carried out. The results showed that when the PID temperature control system was adopted, the overshoot of the dryer became 10.5%. When the DMC PID cascade temperature control was used,the overshoot was 5.9%. DMC-PID control could improve the temperature control precision and tea quality of the tea dryer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Changes of Primary Metabolites During the Manufacturing Process of Roasted Green Tea by Pre-column Derivatization Combining with GC-MS CHEN Mei, DAI Weidong, LI Pengliang, ZHU Yin, CHEN Qincao, YANG Yanqin, TAN Junfeng, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 297-308.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.007 Abstract （833）      PDF（pc） （462KB）（435）    PDF（mobile） （462KB）（16）    Knowledge map    Save Few if any previous studies were carried out in the field of primary metabolite changes during the manufacturing process of roasted green tea. Longjing 43 was used to make roasted green tea and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with derivatization was used to determine the components. A total of 60 compounds were identified, which included high levels of organic acids, carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives. Each steps of the processing could be successfully distinguished by partial least-squares discriminant analysis based on 26 key compounds. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the content changes of the 26 compounds could be classified into three categories: high-low: 2-ketoglutaric acid, arabinose, gallic acid, glucopyranosiduronic acid, glyceryl-glucoside, ribose, galactose, fructose, glucose, phosphoric acid, 4-ketoglucose, ribono-1,4-lactone, and mannitol. High-low-high: homogentisic acid, sucrose, galactinol, threonic acid, turanose, ribonic acid, inositol and citric acid. Low-high-low: erythrose-1,4-lactone, oxypropyl phosphate, pyroglutamic acid, quinic acid and hexanedioic acid. Organic acids mainly showed a rising and then downward trend. Carbohydrates except sucrose showed a downward trend. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study of SNP and Relative dCAPS Markers in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) ZHANG Cheng-cai, WANG Li-yuan, WEI Kang, CHENG Hao, BAO Yun-xiu, LIU Ben-ying, WANG Yun-gang Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (6): 517-522.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.06.013 Abstract （567）      PDF（pc） （579KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save SNPs were mined from tea-derived EST sequences. Primers were designed to evaluate the predicted SNPs in genomic DNA from tea plant. The PCR products were sequenced from both directions to confirm the valid SNPs. Meanwhile, the dCAPS primers were designed based on the valid SNPs and the genomic DNA was used for amplification. The amplicons were digested by restrict enzymes to convert SNPs into dCAPS markers. Furthermore, we also detected the separation of the new markers in a F1 population. The results showed that seventeen SNPs (54.8%) were confirmed in 11 amplycons, eight SNPs were successfully converted to dCAPS markers (72.7%), two of them which have polymorphisms in parents exhibited a separate ratio of 1︰1 in the F1 population. The new markers would be useful in tea genetic research. It is also believed that dCAPS technology will promote the use of SNP technology in genetics and breeding research in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 90-92.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.020 Abstract （335）      PDF（pc） （25KB）（434）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Experiment on Mechanical Properties and Crude Fiber of Tea Leaf LIN Yan-ping, JIN Xin-yi, HAO Zhi-long, YE Nai-xing, HUANG Yi-biao, TANG Hui-ying, CHEN Xin-hua, ZHOU Xiao-yong Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 364-369.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.016 Abstract （550）      PDF（pc） （515KB）（433）       Knowledge map    Save The experiment on the crude fiber content and mechanical characteristic of fresh tea leaf showed the elastic modulus of Tie-Guan-Yin、MaoXie、HuangDang、Fudingdabaicha and RouGui is within the range of 4β158.88~14β849.11βkPa, the maximum stess is within the range of 870.00~1β842.97βkPa, the fracture stress is within the range of 673.33~1β639.62βkPa, the influence of leaf position to modulus of elasticity, maximum stess and breaking stress is highly significant. third leaf >second leaf> first leaf. The maximum strain of tea shoots is within the range of 10.61%~18.36%, the fault strain is within 12.19%~26.95%, the leaf position shows a highly significant effects on the maximum stain and breaking strain, and the order as follows: third leaf>second leaf>first leaf, there are some differences between different cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Identification of Antagonistic Streptomycetes Against Anthracnose Pathogen of Tea Plants and Determination of Their Inhibitory Properties ZHANG Yudan, TAN Lin, LIU Zhonghua, XIAO Dungen, DENG Yulian, LI Guihua, HUANG Hong, YANG Xueyu, HU Qiulong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 283-298.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.008 Abstract （285）      PDF（pc） （1871KB）（432）       Knowledge map    Save Colletotrichum camelliae is an important pathogen causing anthracnose of tea plants. In order to obtain Streptomyces strains with better antagonistic effect on C. camelliae, the dilution coating method and plate standoff method were used to isolate and screen Streptomyces strains from the habitat of tea plantations. Morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis were combined to identify their species. Antimicrobial spectrum determination, mycelial growth inhibition test and spore germination inhibition test of C. camelliae were carried out for the isolated strains. The antifungal activities and stabilities of aseptic fermentation filtrate of the isolated strains against C. camelliae were determined by using the mycelial growth rate method. The extracellular enzyme-producing capacity, antimicrobial substance synthesis genes, volatile and non-volatile metabolite antifungal activity of the isolated strains were also determined. The results show that a strain XS-4 with better inhibitory effect on tea anthracnose pathogen was obtained and the plate inhibition effect on tea anthracnose pathogen was 76.42%. The strain XS-4 was identified as Streptomyces polychromogenes, which had good inhibitory effect on eight other plant pathogens and the antifungal properties have a broad spectrum. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the strain XS-4 could inhibit the growth of mycelium of tea anthracnose pathogen, and the mycelium was tightly entangled with each other and deformed. The spore germination inhibition test shows that the fermentation solution of strain XS-4 could inhibit the spore germination of C. camelliae, and the inhibition rate was 62.48%. The best fermentation medium for strain XS-4 was KMB medium, and the inhibitory active substance produced by 7 d incubation in KMB medium had the best inhibitory effect on tea anthracnose, the aseptic fermentation filtrate of strain XS-4 had a better stability to temperature, acid and alkali, ultraviolet, and protease. The non-volatile metabolites of strain XS-4 show better antifungal activity against tea anthracnose pathogen with aninhibition rate of 81.92%. The strain XS-4 has the ability to produce amylase, protease, β-1,3-glucanase, and cellulase. The pks-Ⅰ and pks-Ⅱ genes of strain XS-4 were associated with the production of antimicrobial substances. In conclusion, the strain XS-4 has a great potential for application in the biocontrol of anthracnose in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Relationship Analysis of Wild Tea Germplasm Resources in Badong County, Hubei Province CUI Qingmei, LIANG Jinbo, MA Huijie, HU Shuangling, CHEN Qinghua, WU Liyun, HE Mengdi, WANG Liubin, TAN Licai, ZHANG Qiang, WANG Liyuan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 193-206.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.002 Abstract （267）      PDF（pc） （924KB）（432）       Knowledge map    Save Wild tea germplasm resources have high genetic diversity and are also a high-quality source for the breeding and utilization of local tea cultivars. In this study, 26 resources of wild tea plants from Badong County, Hubei Province, were collected and the genetic diversity and population structure of wild tea plants were analyzed using SSR molecular markers with the normal tea cultivars as the control. The results are as follows: (1) 16 pairs of primers detected an average of 5.12 alleles and 3.65 effective loci in the test materials. A total of 82 alleles were amplified, with each pair of primers amplifying a range of 3-8 labeled alleles. The average Shannon diversity index was 1.378. (2) Six core primer sites were selected from 16 pairs of primers, which can effectively detect and identify 26 materials in this study. (3) UPGMA evolutionary map of individual samples could divide all 48 materials into 7 categories. Wild tea plants and cultivated tea plants could be effectively divided through SSR detection. Population genetic structure analysis suggests that 26 wild tea samples could be divided into 2 subgroups. (4) Based on biochemical components, two samples with high EGCG content and two tea germplasms suitable for making black tea were selected. Results of this research show that diversity level of wild tea resources in Badong was high, with high genetic variation within the population. This study laid a foundation for further protection, development and utilization of wild tea germplasm resources in Badong. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Phylogenetic Analysis of NUDX1 Gene Involved in Geraniol Biosynthesis ZHOU Hanchen, YANG Jihong, XU Yujie, WU Qiong, LEI Pandeng Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 638-648.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.001 Abstract （423）      PDF（pc） （1403KB）（432）       Knowledge map    Save Geraniol is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, which plays key roles in plant-environment interactions, such as pest repelling, antimicrobial activity, and pollinator attraction as well as the aroma traits for tea plants. It was reported that a cytosolic Nudix hydrolase (NUDX1) catalyzes geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) into geranyl monophosphate (GP), followed by dephosphorylation with an endogenous phosphatase to produce geraniol. Two homologues of AtNUDX1 were found in tea genome (CsNUDX1-cyto and CsNUDX1-chlo) with different subcellular location. Searching the homologues of AtNUDX1 on Phytozome shows that fifty-eight plant species contain the homologues of AtNUDX1 (with identities>64%). However, no homologue of AtNUDX1 was found in the genomes of grass species, with the exception of Brachypodium distachyon. We thus detected AR2000-enzymed geraniol in fresh leaves of rice, wheat, maize, and tea plants. The results show that free geraniol was undetectable in fresh leaves of rice, wheat and maize, where as young shoots of four tea cultivars had high levels of geraniol (0.87-4.12 μg·g-1). Two CsNUDX1 genes were highly expressed in young tea leaves and had a positive correlation (above 0.7) with the accumulation of geraniol. This study shows that NUDX1s are widely present in plant genome, which are closely related to the formation of geraniol. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Impact of Consumer Cognition and Trust on Purchase Intention of Traceable Tea Products HE Wenli, PAN Shan, GUAN Xi Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (1): 140-150.   Abstract （551）      PDF（pc） （494KB）（432）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the survey data of 646 consumers, this paper analyzed the impact of consumers' cognition, trust and purchase intention on the traceable tea products by using structural equation model. The results show that consumers' cognition of the traceable tea products had a significantly positive impact on trust and trust had a significantly positive impact on their purchase intention. However, their cognition had a positive effect on purchase intention, but it was not significant. At the same time, trust played a mediating role in the relationship between cognition and purchase intention. Based on the empirical results, the government and tea enterprises should pay more attention to the promotion and guidance of the traceable tea products, enhance consumers' cognition and trust of the traceable tea products, so as to enhance consumers' purchase intention of the traceable tea products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Quantitative Method for Brightness Evaluation of Congou Black Tea Infusions Based on Color Difference Analysis WANG Jiaqin, YAO Yuefeng, YUAN Haibo, JIANG Yongwen, LI Jia Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 259-268.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.012 Abstract （795）      PDF（pc） （495KB）（431）       Knowledge map    Save The brightness of tea infusion is one of the important factors reflecting the quality of black tea. At present, the evaluation of the brightness of tea infusion is dependent on the human sensory evaluation, which lacks a quantitative assessment. In this study, based on the brightness of the infusions obtained by the sensory evaluation, 43 congou black tea infusions with different brightness were measured using color difference analysis in combination with multivariate analysis and linear regression, and an equation for brightness prediction was established. The results show that bright and dark black tea infusions could be discriminated based on their color difference profiles in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Based on linear regression, the key variables L99 (lightness) and C* (chroma) were selected and the established prediction equation was Lpre=-46.028+0.519×L99+0.117×C*. It was revealed that, the predicted brightness showed high correlation with that obtained by human sensory evaluation with the Pearson correlation of 0.92 (P<0.01). Besides, the effectiveness of established prediction equation for quantitative evaluation of tea infusion brightness had been further proved using validation set. In summary, in this study, a rapid and effective method based on color difference analysis and multi statistical approaches was developed which enabled quantitative evaluation of the brightness of black tea infusions. This study could provide new insights into the intelligent evaluation of black tea quality, as well as oriented manufacture of highly-bright black tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Glycosidically Bound Volatiles and Aroma Constituents in the Processing of Wuyi Rougui WU Zongjie, OU Xiaoxi, LIN Hongzheng, YU Xinru, CHEN Shouyue, WU Qingyang, LI Xinlei, SUN Yun Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 84-100.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.005 Abstract （317）      PDF（pc） （1428KB）（431）       Knowledge map    Save ‘Rougui’, the main cultivar of Wuyi rock tea, is characterized by a rich floral and pungent cinnamon aroma. To elucidate the contribution of key aroma constituents and glycosidically bound volatiles (GBVs) to Wuyi Rougui rock tea, this study employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to investigate the dynamic changes of GBVs and aroma constituents during the processing of Wuyi Rougui rock tea. The results reveal that a total of 276 aroma constituents were identified from 11 different processing stages of Wuyi Rougui rock tea. These aroma constituents belong to various chemical classes, including esters, alcohols, heterocyclic constituents, ketones, aldehydes and terpenes, with heterocyclic constituents, esters, terpenes and alcohols being the predominant aroma components. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) identified 35 characteristic aroma constituents in Wuyi Rougui rock tea, as indicated by their Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) values and Odor Activity Values (OAV) greater than 1. Notably, the contents of constituents associated with green and grassy flavor, such as (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-nonenal and hexanal, exhibited decreasing trends during the processing, while aroma constituents associated with floral or fruity aromas, like linalool, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, eugenol and β-ocimene, displayed increasing trends. Furthermore, in fresh leaves of Wuyi Rougui rock tea, aroma constituents including linalool, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, 2-ethoxy-3-methylpyrazine and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one exhibited ACI values greater than 1, suggesting they are key aroma constituents during the processing of Wuyi Rougui rock tea. Constituents such as dehydrocinnamyl alcohol and α-ionone contributed to the characteristic cinnamon aroma of Wuyi Rougui rock tea. In addition, ten GBVs were identified. During the processing, the contents of glucosides showed an upward trend, while primeveroside showed trend. The total contents of GBVs remained relatively stable. During the late stages of fermentation, both GBVs demonstrated declining trends, particularly constituents like benzyl primeveroside, 2-phenylethyl primeveroside, geranyl glucoside, linayl primeveroside and benzyl glucoside. The results indicate that GBVs were involved in the development of the faint scent and floral-fruity notes of Wuyi Rougui rock tea. This study clarified the role of characteristic aroma constituents and GBVs in the aroma formation of Wuyi Rougui rock tea, in order to better improve the aroma quality of Wuyi Rougui rock tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Spatiotemporal Evolution and Spatial Differentiation Pattern of Carbon Sink in China’s Tea Industry YUAN Liwen, ZHANG Junbiao, QIN Jiangnan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 149-160.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.011 Abstract （408）      PDF（pc） （655KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save The tea garden ecosystem has an important carbon storage function. Analyzing and evaluating the carbon sink level during the production and planting process of tea gardens is of great significance for scientifically evaluating the potential ecological value of tea gardens and promoting the green and low-carbon development of the tea industry. This paper selected data from 16 major tea producing provinces in China from 1978 to 2020, used biomass models of tea plant growth cycles and soil carbon content models to calculate and evaluate the basic situation of carbon sinks in China’s tea industry. The center of gravity fitting model was used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon sinks in the tea industry, and the driving factors of spatial differentiation were explored in conjunction with geographic detector models. The results show that: (1) The total carbon sink of China’s tea industry had shown a phased growth trend, reaching 735.311 million tons in 2020, and the accumulation of soil carbon sink was higher than that of plant carbon sink. The carbon sink intensity showed a “rise-decrease-rise” characteristic. (2) There were significant differences in carbon sink intensity among different provinces in the tea industry. High-intensity provinces were concentrated in the eastern coastal and western regions of China, and the carbon sink gravity center had long been located within Hunan province, but there was a slight trend of westward displacement. (3) The agricultural subsidies and the development level of agricultural economy were important driving forces that affect the spatial distribution pattern of carbon sinks in China’s tea industry, but there were differences in the dominant factors for the spatial differentiation of carbon sinks in different regions. Based on this, this paper proposed relevant suggestions from the management and operation of carbon sinks in the tea industry, as well as the formulation of industrial policies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on the Mechanism of Natural Tea Components in Alleviating Acne WU Zhiyuan, WANG Kaibo, CHEN Silin, ZHAO Bi, SHEN Shiquan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 16-26.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.010 Abstract （429）      PDF（pc） （1220KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save Tea, as a natural beverage, is highly favored due to its clear health benefits. With in-depth research on the active ingredients of tea in recent years, it has been confirmed that natural components can have positive effects on various disease models. Acne is an inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence and recurrence rate. In addition to traditional clinical diagnosis and treatment, complementary and alternative therapies represented by patches, skin care, and dietary improvement are also popular. In the market, more and more acne control products claim to add tea active ingredients to the raw materials. Natural components such as tea polyphenols, caffeine, theanine and tea saponins have shown great potential in alleviating acne. In this paper, the effects and molecular mechanisms of different functional components of tea on inhibiting sebum secretion, alleviating acne, improving skin microbial imbalance, and alleviating skin focal inflammation were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the research and development of tea natural products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Changes in Chemical Composition of Zijuan Tea under Anaerobic Treatment Conditions and Their Effects on in vitro ACE Activity YANG Gaozhong, SHI Jiang, ZHANG Yue, PENG Qunhua, LIN Zhi, LÜ Haipeng Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (4): 553-566.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.007 Abstract （333）      PDF（pc） （1565KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, fresh leaves of Zijuan tea were treated with anaerobic treatment and used to make freeze-dried, green, black and white tea samples. The main non-volatile components (such as catechins, amino acids, anthocyanins) in these samples were determined and their in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. In addition, molecular docking simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the potential interaction mechanisms between the major chemical components in tea and ACE. The results show that the GABA content in the freeze-dried samples after anaerobic treatment increased to 1.72 mg·g-1, which was significantly higher than that in the tea samples without anaerobic treatment (0.04 mg·g-1, P<0.05). The composition and contents of amino acids and polyphenolic compounds in the tea samples were significantly affected by the processing methods after anaerobic treatment. The white tea process could increase the contents of amino acid components in the tea samples, while the freeze-drying process could maximize the retention of polyphenolic compounds in the tea samples. The in vitro ACE inhibitory activity of Zijuan tea fresh leaf samples was significantly enhanced after anaerobic treatment (P<0.05); the strongest ACE activity inhibition was observed in samples prepared by freeze-drying process after anaerobic treatment, which was significantly higher than that of samples prepared by green, white, and black tea processing methods (P<0.05). In addition, molecular docking simulation experiments reveal that the strength of the interaction between the main chemical components in tea and ACE was related to the hydrophilic groups and aromatic ring structures in their molecular structures. The results of the study helped to reveal the effect of anaerobic treatment on the ACE inhibitory activity of Zijuan tea and provided a theoretical basis for the development of special functional Zijuan tea products with potential treatment of hypertension. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Biochar Addition on Ammonia Volatilization in Acid Tea Garden WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, WU Zhidan, JIANG Fuying, ZHANG Wenjin, WENG Boqi, YOU Zhiming Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (1): 60-70.   Abstract （439）      PDF（pc） （875KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major reason for nitrogen loss in tea garden soils. Field experiment was carried out to study the effects of biochar on soil physiochemical properties and ammonia volatilization in acid tea gardens, which would provide scientific support for the appropriate application of biochar. Four treatments were included in the experiment, namely no N fertilizer (CK), N fertilizer (B0N1, 225βkg·hm-2), N fertilizer with 8 t·hm-2 biochar (B1N1) and N fertilizer with 16 t·hm-2 biochar (B2N1). The nitrogen was applied three times, namely top dressing in spring, top dressing in autumn and basal dressing in winter in the ratio of 3︰3︰4. Compared with the B0N1 (N-applying only), biochar treatments (B1N1 and B2N1) significantly increased soil pH and organic carbon content (P<0.05), while decreased soil bulk density (P<0.05). Moreover, the average soil NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations in biochar treated soils were 5.34%-12.59% lower and 11.02%-36.54% higher than B0N1, indicating the nitrification was promoted. The total NH3-N volatilization losses in acid tea garden varied from 13.01βkg·hm-2 to 40.95βkg·hm-2 and the percentages of the losses relative to total amount of N-application ranged from 7.29 to 12.42%. NH3-N volatilization losses also varied significantly among applying stages, with the highest NH3-N volatilization loss in winter basal dressing. The NH3-N volatilization increased significantly with N application (P<0.05), but NH3-N volatilization in B1N1 and B2N1 were significantly decreased by 26.25% and 28.21% (P<0.05), respectively. In summary, the soil NH4+-N concentrations had a direct correlation with NH3 emission and the reduction of NH3-N volatilization in biochar treatments might be attributed to the decrease of NH4--N concentrations in soils. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of Alanine Aminotransferase Gene in Camellia sinensis BAI Peixian, WANG Liyuan, WEI Kang, RUAN Li, CHENG Hao, ZHANG Fen, ZHANG Chengcai Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (4): 405-413.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.04.009 Abstract （648）      PDF（pc） （1256KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save Alanine Aminotransferase (AlaAT) is a critical enzyme involved in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolisms. In this study, a cDNA (1 747 bp) with a complete ORF (1 626 bp) of AlaAT1 was isolated from tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The cDNA encodes a protein with 541 amino acids, which has a molecular mass of 59.4 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 5.82. The deduced sequence of protein CsAlaAT1 shared 84% similarity with AlaAT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana, which contains a highly-conserved pyridoxal 5′-phosphate binding site. Secondary structure prediction showed that the CsAlaAT1 was comprised of alpha helix (40.67%), random coil (29.57%), beta turn (13.68%) and extended strand (16.08%), localized in mitochondrion and had no signal peptide or transmembrane structure. The expression levels of CsAlaAT1 in various tissues and its responses to different N concentration were investigated by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. The results of RT-PCR showed that CsAlaAT1 expressed in all tissues of tea plant and the highest transcript level was observed in roots. The transcript abundance of CsAlaAT1 was up-regulated by N in both shoots and mature leaves, especially under high N condition. Interestingly, the expression of CsAlaAT1 in roots was highly induced high N condition, but showed an opposite trend under low N treatment for 24 h. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Isolation, Screening and Identification of A Strain of Trichoderma Antagonizing Tea Anthracnose ZHAO Xingli, ZHANG Jinfeng, ZHOU Yufeng, ZHAO Dailin, ZHANG Li, ZHOU Luona, TAO Gang Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 431-439.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.008 Abstract （753）      PDF（pc） （885KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save To obtain antagonistic Trichoderma for biocontrol of tea anthracnose, the twenty-three Trichoderma strains were isolated from Camellia sinensis rhizosphere-soil by taking gradient dilution. Among them, the strain LS17110205 against tea anthracnose was screened by using dual-culture and inhibition zone assay. The results show that the inhibitory rate of LS17110205 against tea anthracnose was up to 76.96% and a large number of white hyphae and green spores were produced on the colony of tea anthracnose, which caused the tea anthracnose colony to shrink and became dark. The fermentation liquid of LS17110205 was effective against pathogen hyphae, and the inhibitory rate was 70.08%. The results show that the fermentation of the strain LS17110205 caused the tea anthracnose mycelia to shrink on the surface by scanning electron microscope analysis. LS17110205 was identified as Trichoderma asperelloides on the basis of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic tree. The results provided theoretical basis in biocontrol of tea anthracnose. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Different Potassium Level on Leaf Photosynthesis of Tea Seedling LIN Zheng-he, ZHONG Qiu-sheng, CHEN Chang-song, CHEN Zhi-hui, YOU Xiao-mei Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (3): 261-267.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.03.013 Abstract （533）      PDF（pc） （617KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save Vegetative propagated 10-month-old tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. Ruixiang] seedlings grown in pots were fertilized three times weekly for 24 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0, 100, 200, 600 or 2β000βμmol/L potassium. The portable photosynthesis system (LI-6400) was used to determine leaf photosynthesis of tea. The result showed that K-deficient leaves showed decreased CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, water use efficiency but increased intercellular CO2 concentration. Result also showed that biomass, content of K and chlorophyll were decreased in K-deficient leaves. The tea seeding appeared potassium deficiency symptoms when fertilized with nutrient solution containing 0, 100βμmol/L potassium(K content of leave 6.63βmg/g, 6.85βmg/g). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Risk Assessment and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Chinese Tea Gardens in 2000-2022 Based on Meta-analysis YANG Yanhu, CHEN Xiaohan, ZHANG Xiaoqing, REN Dajun, ZHANG Shuqin, CHEN Wangsheng Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 37-52.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.002 Abstract （416）      PDF（pc） （1446KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save Heavy metal pollution is one of the important factors affecting the ecological environment of tea gardens and the safety of tea products. This study collected literature on heavy metal (Cu, Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Ni) pollutions in tea garden soils in major tea producing areas in China, including Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. The weight of a single study was obtained using meta-analysis method to obtain the weighted average of heavy metal concentrations in tea garden soils in each province and across the country. The potential ecological risk index method and geological accumulation index method were used for ecological risk assessment, and source analysis using the APCS-MLR model was applied. The results show that compared with the background values, all 8 heavy metals were enriched to a certain extent, with Hg and Cd pollutions being more severe. The moderate and above risks of Hg were mainly distributed in inland provinces such as Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Anhui. The moderate and above risks of Cd were mainly distributed in coastal provinces such as Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hainan, etc. The two heavy metals show mild to moderate risks. Compared with other countries in the world, tea gardens or agricultural land in developing countries generally have higher levels of heavy metals, with Cd and Hg being the elements with more severe pollution levels. The source analysis results show that the first, second, third, and fourth principal components are natural sources, industrial activity pollution sources, traffic exhaust pollution sources, and agricultural activity pollution sources, respectively. Industrial and agricultural activities are the main pollution factors, with Hg mainly coming from industrial activities and Cd mainly coming from agricultural activities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Population Structure and Genetic Differences of Tea Germplasm Resources in Fujian YANG Jun, ZHANG Lilan, ZHANG Wenjing, CHEN Linhai, ZHENG Guohua, LI Yijing, WANG Rangjian Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (6): 769-783.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.06.006 Abstract （360）      PDF（pc） （749KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save The population genetic structure, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, gene flow, molecular variance of 208 tea germplasm resources in Fujian were studied by using 38 pairs of SSR fluorescent primers, and the leaf traits were also investigated. The results show that the Nei’s genetic diversity index and Shannon’s information index of 208 tea resources in Fujian were 0.674 and 1.444, respectively. The average values of leaf area and length-width ratio were 27.442 cm2 and 2.516, respectively. The genetic variation of tea germplasm in Fujian were mainly originated from individual genetic variation. The test materials were divided into 8 groups by the structure software analysis. The material sources in groups a, b, f, and h were single, while the material sources in groups c, d, e, and g were complex. The genetic background of tea population in different regions was similar. There were a total of 40 tea cultivars from Fujian in groups a, b, and e. Group a was mainly cultivars suitable for processing green tea. Group b was mainly cultivars suitable for processing oolong tea. The representative cultivars within group e were suitable for processing green tea. There is a certain correlation between the group attributes of group a, group b, group e and the suitable tea cultivars. Group c included the resources from Nanjing county, Yunxiao county and Pinghe county, with relatively close geographical locations. The group attributes are related to geographical sources. The gene flow value between group g and group e was 6.321, indicating frequent gene exchange between groups. The clustering of group similarity coefficients shows that group d and group b were closely related. The genetic differentiation between group h and other groups was obvious, and the characters of leaf area and leaf serration number were significantly different (P<0.05). The genetic relationship between group f and other groups was relatively distant, and there were significant differences in the characteristics of leaf serration number and leaf vein logarithm (P<0.05), showing that both group h and group f had certain uniqueness and need further identification. These research results provided a certain reference for the identification, screening, and utilization of tea germplasm resources in Fujian. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification and Expression Analysis of Glucose-6-hosphate Dehydrogenase Gene (CsG6PDHs) in Camellia sinensis WANG Yanding, WANG Huan, LI Nana, WANG Lu, HAO Xinyuan, WANG Yuchun, DING Changqing, YANG Yajun, WANG Xinchao, QIAN Wenjun Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (4): 497-510.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210622.002 Abstract （721）      PDF（pc） （2020KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save As a key rate-limiting enzyme in pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC1.1.1.49) plays an important role in plant growth and development, and also in responding to environmental stresses. However, the function of G6PDH in tea plants has not yet been reported. In our study, 3 G6PDH genes were cloned from tea plant, named as CsG6PDH1 (MW025829), CsG6PDH2 (MW025830) and CsG6PDH4 (MW025831), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows that CsG6PDH1 and CsG6PDH4 belong to plastid protein, while CsG6PDH2 belongs to cytoplasmic protein. Quantitative analysis shows that the expressions of CsG6PDHs varied in different tissues. Under cold or Colletotrichum infection treatments, the time course expressions of both CsG6PDH1 and CsG6PDH4 were gradually reduced. Besides, both CsG6PDH1 and CsG6PDH4 were induced by cold acclimation in different tea cultivars. In addition, the expressions of CsG6PDHs were up-regulated during bud dormancy and flush periods. Consequently, our results implicate that CsG6PDHs are widely participated in tea plant growth and development, and also involved in responding to abiotic and biotic stresses. This study provided a theoretical basis for in-depth study of the function of CsG6PDHs in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Oolong Tea Polysaccharide in Adjusting Serum Lipid and Its Mechanism ZHANG Yun, NI De-jiang, CHEN Yong-bo, HUANG Hai-bo, LIU Si-si, XIE Bi-jun Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (5): 399-404.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.05.005 Abstract （501）      PDF（pc） （689KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save The adjusting effects of Oolong tea polysaccharide (OTPS) on serum lipid in hyperlipoidemia mice and its mechanism were investigated. The hyperlipidmia mice model was established by feeding high lipid diet, and different groups were taken OTPS by intragastric administration for 6 weeks. In present investigation, body weight, thymus weight, spleen weight, liver weight, blood lipid levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of serum and liver were measured, as well the histopathological changes in tissues of liver were observed. The results showed that the contents of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum and liver MDA, liver index were lower in comparison with the high hyperlipoidemia model group, while thymus index, spleen index, serum and liver SOD activities were somewhat higher, and the liver lesions were restored in some degree. It is indicated that OTPS showed a positive effect on adjusting the serum lipid, improving immunity of body and antioxidation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select Construction of AFLP Molecular Markers Linkage Map in Tea Plant HUANG Jian-an, LI Jia-xian, HUANG Yi-huan, LUO Jun-wu,GONG Zhi-hua, LIU Zhong-hua Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (1): 7-15.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.01.002 Abstract （517）      PDF（pc） （962KB）（429）       Knowledge map    Save Based on an improved method of AFLP, AFLP markers were employed for construction of a linkage map used a set of 69 F1 progenies of Qi Men No.4×Chao An Da Wu Ye as a mapping population. In this work, all together 1925 bands were obtained by 22 pairs of primers and 87.5 bands each primer pair on average, a total of 485 (25.19%) polymorphic AFLP markers were detected. The 356 (73.40%) of polymorphic markers with Mendelian segregation ratio (P=0.01) were obtained. 247（69.38%）of the 356 loci were 1:1 segregation, 109（30.62%）of the 356 loci were 3:1 segregation. Furthermore, the AFLP molecular markers linkage maps of Qi Men No.4 and Chao An Da Wu Ye were constructed respectively by using Mapmaker/Exp (version3.0). The map of female parent included 17 linkage groups and located 208 markers, covered total map length of 2457.7 cM, and average distance between markers was 11.9 cM. The map of male parent included 16 linkage groups and located 200 markers,covered total map length of 2545.3 cM, and average distance between markers was 12.8 cM. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(68) Select Cloning of CsCHLI Gene and Its Expression Analysis in Different Albino Tea Cultivars (Camellia sinensis) ZHAO Yiqing, LIU Zhengjun, ZHANG Tianxin, ZHAO Yanting, XIAO Bin, GAO Yuefang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 327-336.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210224.001 Abstract （579）      PDF（pc） （1361KB）（428）       Knowledge map    Save Magnesium chelatase is one of the key enzymes in the process of chlorophyll synthesis, which is closely related to the albino phenomenon of leaves. In this study, the leaves of tea cultivars Shaancha 1, Baiye 1, Jibai 1, Huangjinya and Haungjinye were used as materials to clone the full-length CDS sequences of CsCHLI (Mg-chelatase I subunit). Multi-sequence alignment shows that the two base differences (G502C, C1169T) were found in Baiye 1, which lead to the change of two amino acid residues (G168R, A390V) in the AAA+ and AAA lid domain. Meanwhile, there was an amino acid residue changed (R401H) in the AAA lid domain of Huangjinye, due to the difference of G1202A. Subcellular localization analyses illustrates that CsCHLI is localized in chloroplast and the differences of the bases or amino acid residues did not affect its subcellular localization. The RNA secondary structure analysis shows that base site mutations of CsCHLI would affect its stem-loop structure and the stability. Moreover, the chlorophyll contents in albino tea plants were 25%-77% of that in Shaancha 1, and the expressions of CsCHLI in albino tea plants were 24%-46% of that in Shaancha 1. The results show that the CsCHLI expression was positively correlated with chlorophyll content in tea plants. Furthermore, these results provided experimental evidences for the in-depth study of the chlorophyll metabolism in albino tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress in Functional Gene Cloning of Camellia sinensis LU Jian-liang, LIN Chen, LUO Ying-ying, ZHANG Guang-hui, LIANG Yue-rong Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (2): 95-103.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.02.001 Abstract （456）      PDF（pc） （424KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save Progress of separated genes involved in catechins metabolism, caffeine synthesis and aromatic compounds formation were reviewed in this paper, according to published papers and searching results from National Center for Biotechnology information (NCBI). Genes related to stress reaction and basic metabolism were also included. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Green-making Technique on Aroma Pattern of Oolong Tea CHEN Lin, CHEN Jian, CHEN Quanbin, ZHANG Yinggen, SONG Zhenshuo, WANG Lili, YOU Zhiming Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (4): 387-395.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.04.011 Abstract （630）      PDF（pc） （975KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save Under controlled indoor air conditions set at (22±1)℃ with relative humidity of (71±4)%, a two-factor experiment, including degree of withering and intensity of rocking, was designed to investigate the effects of green-making technique on aroma characteristics of WIP (work in process) as compared with tea samples prepared during the respective process of Fresh-scent Oolong tea, South Fujian Oolong tea, and North Fujian Oolong tea. Aroma fingerprints of all tea samples were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and processed with metabolomics analysis platform. The results from cloud plot and principal component analysis indicated that aroma pattern of WIPs would be obviously altered according to weight loss percentage of green leaves, accompanied with the increase on the contents of α-farnesene, benzeneacetaldehyde, geraniol, 3-hexen-1-ol and cis-3-hexenyl hexanoate, and the contents of phytol, indole, butylated hydroxytoluene and ethylbenzene were be decreased accordingly. However, the aromas pertinent to Oolong tea would not be fully formed only combinating on single shaking action with different intensity. Green-making was the essential procedure to bring about special aroma quality of Oolong tea, and the contents of floral scent compositions in tea samples, such as indole, trans-nerolidol, phenylacetaldehyde, etc., could be considered as the most important chemical indicators for quality control, in the green-making process of Oolong tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11) Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (01): 65-68.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.01.011 Abstract （430）      PDF（pc） （153KB）（426）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Evaluation of Nitrogen Status in Tea Plants by SPAD YANG Yi-yang, MA Li-feng, SHI Yuan-zhi, RUAN Jian-yun, LI Xing-hui Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (4): 301-308.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.04.007 Abstract （585）      PDF（pc） （525KB）（426）       Knowledge map    Save Determination of nitrogen concentrations in tissues is an important diagnostic means for N status of plants. A pot experiment with tea plants applied with different amounts of N fertilizer was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of SPAD-502 as a diagnostic tool. The results showed that the yield of young shoots and N concentration of mature leaves responded to N application rates with a pattern of an initial linear increase before a platform was reached. There was a significantly positive linear relationship between the SPAD reading and total N concentration of mature leaves. The similar pattern of an initial linear increase followed by a platform was observed for the relationship between SPAD reading and the yield. These results suggested that the N status of tea plants may be characterized by the measurement of SPAD reading of mature leaves and the SPAD is a potentially useful rapid diagnostic tool in N fertilization recommendation. However, this needs further validation from field experiments. Those factors which may influence the precision of SPAD measurement, such as the point of test on a leaf, selection of leaves from twig (position), weather condition, in situ or in vitro analysis, surface cleaning and the number of leaves for a composite sample were also investigated. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16) Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (S1): 96-99.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.s1.004 Abstract （462）      PDF（pc） （76KB）（426）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Econometric Analyses of EGCG Research Literature ZHANG Yini, JI Zheng Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 423-434.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20220416.002 Abstract （400）      PDF（pc） （1222KB）（425）       Knowledge map    Save The epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has shown the highest biological activity in tea components in most studies, which has shown beneficial effects on anti-cancer, bacterial and viral infections. A review of the advances and hot spots of EGCG studies were summarized through citation analysis. In order to ensure that the review is objective and scientific, literature analysis was performed from the core collection of the data base of ISI Web of Science of the period of 2000-2021 with the key words “EGCG” and “Epigallocatechin gallate”. A total of 6 799 relevant papers were obtained. Then, the CiteSpace visualization software was used for citation analysis and the research hotspots and frontier trends were studied through network analysis including cooperation, co-occurrence and co-citation. Statistical analysis of volume of the publications shows that China, United States and Japan ranked the top three in this field. Analysis of betweenness central indicators shows that United States, Germany and China were the top three in terms of importance. Further citation analysis shows that “nanoparticle”, and “stability” were the hotspots in the recent years. With the deepening of the research on EGCG, it was speculated that the future research would focus on improving the bioavailability of EGCG and exploring the optimal dose level and administration frequency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts from (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Oxidation Products QI Xiang-yang Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (6): 436-442.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.06.011 Abstract （538）      PDF（pc） （527KB）（424）       Knowledge map    Save (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was oxidized chemically and extracted under neutral, acidic condition value to obtain two extracts: fraction A (EOPA) and fraction B (EOPB). The antioxidant activities of EOP A, EOP B and EGCG were determined using a chemiluminescence technique. The components of two fractions were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS. Results showed that the EOP A possessed the strongest antioxidant activity in all test system followed by EGCG, EOP B in a decreasing order. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed that the oxidation products of EOP A and EOPB were all dimmers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select On the Interaction of the Development of Tea Industry between Fujian and Taiwan WU Hui-zhen, ZHOU Ju-gen, WU Xiao-yu, CHEN Zhi-fu, LIN Yi-shan, RUAN Yi-ming, CAI Rong-zhang Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 593-598.   Abstract （331）      PDF（pc） （331KB）（424）       Knowledge map    Save The development course of tea industry of Fujian and Taiwan was introduced from the tea production history, its current developing situation, characteristics, tea species structure and the interaction development. It shows us the situation of the interblending and inter-stimulating on tea culture, tea technique and tea industry between Fujian and Taiwan. The paper also shares the cross-strait tea-person’s relationship and feelings of blood, relatives, popularity, geography and dependency on each other, as well as coexistence and common prosperity, co-creations of brilliant future of tea industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select Research of FUZHUAN Tea’s Therapy for Hyperlipidemia by High-Throughput Screening FU Dong-he, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Jianan, GONG Yu-shun, CHEN Jin-hua Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (3): 209-214.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.03.011 Abstract （527）      PDF（pc） （340KB）（424）       Knowledge map    Save Searching high effective and natural medicines for therapy for hyperlipidemia is one of the focus of research. High-Throughput Screening is a kind of new technique of medicine screening. The water extractions of FUZHUAN Tea were extracted by chloroform, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol separately. The samples were used to test their function of adjusting fat metabolism of FUZHUAN Tea by the models of PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, LXR, FXR and 3T3-L1 of High-Throughput Screening. The results showed that FUZHUAN Tea could activate PPARγ, PPARδ and restrain FXR. Its effect to PPRAα and 3T3-L1 was not obvious. FUZHUAN Tea was effective in therapy for hyperlipidemia. The active components need to be separated later. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Ultrasonic Wave-Assisted Extraction of Tea XIAO Wen-jun, TANG He-ping, GONG Zhi-hua, XIAO Li-zheng, LI Shi, LIU Zhong-hua Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 54-58.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.009 Abstract （522）      PDF（pc） （324KB）（424）       Knowledge map    Save The extraction effect of tea quality components by the ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction and the traditional water extraction was comparatively studied, and the best technical parameters for ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction was screened out. The results showed that tea extraction by ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction is better than that by traditional water extraction under the same technical parameters condition, which are ratio of tea to water, extraction temperature, time and times. The best operating parameters of tea extraction by ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction are 1:15 ratio of tea to water, 95℃water temperature, two times extraction (1:8+1:7) and 15βmin each time, and the extracted rate of amino acid, water soluble protein, polyphenol, water soluble carbohydrate, caffeine, simple catechin, estered catechin, water extracts can increase 23.13%、36.92%、14.88%、24.40%、19.24%、26.45%、10.12%、12.27% in sequence. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(13) Select Heat Stress Risk Regionalization of Tea Plant in Zhejiang Province LOU Weiping, XIAO Qiang, SUN Ke, DENG Shengrong, YANG Ming Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (5): 480-486.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.05.005 Abstract （552）      PDF（pc） （839KB）（424）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the climate data of meteorological stations from 1973 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province and the heat stress index of tea plant, temporal variability of heat hurting grade of tea plant was analyzed with line trend rate and Mann-kendall method. Based on Mann-kendall method, the heat injure of tea plant in Zhejiang Province was divided into three periods: 1973—1983, 1988—2002 and 2003—2017. The probabilities of heat stress to tea plant in each period were calculated with information diffusion theory. The result of t-test showed that the probability of heat hurt to tea plant in 2003—2017 was larger than in the periods of 1973—1987 and 1988—2002. Risk value of heat injure of tea plant was calculated by using probabilities of each heat hurting grade of tea plant in 2003—2017. Based on risk values, Zhejiang province could be divided into five regions: low risk, relatively low risk, moderate risk, relatively high risk and high risk areas. Among these areas, the risk values of 18 coastal counties as well as Qingyuan, Taishun and Kaihua were low. The risk values of 5 mountain counties, such as Suichang and 9 counties near the sea or Taihu were relatively low. The risk values of 13 counties in the middle of Zhejiang Province and on a plain or in the middle of the basin such as Lishui were high. The high risk area included 14 counties such as Shengzhou. The moderate risk area contained 10 counties. It could reflect the risk of heat injure of tea plant in Zhejiang Province at present and in a certain period in the future. The results provided a basis for the defense of heat stress to tea plant in Zhejiang. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Temperature and Humidity on the Gene Expression in Buds of Tea Cuttings WEI Kang, WANG Li-yuan, CHENG Hao, GONG Wu-yun, WU Li-bin Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (2): 109-115.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.02.010 Abstract （408）      PDF（pc） （528KB）（424）       Knowledge map    Save Differences of gene expression in buds of tea cuttings in response to temperature and humidity changes were studied. The daily temperature and humidity increased by 5.15℃ and 5.10% under plastic shading treatment. Meanwhile, bud expansion of tea cuttings under plastic shading was clearly different from that of control. After digital gene expression profiling analysis, a total of 949 differential expressed genes were obtained, including 503 up- and 446 down-regulated genes from buds of tea cuttings in plastic shed. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that 360 genes were classified into 14 GO terms when P value <0.01. Seven GO terms were associated with photosynthesis. The GO term with the least P value was related to photosystem, which suggest high temperature and humidity are favorable for the induction of genes associated with photosynthesis. This study might provide new insight into understanding the mechanism of rapid propagation and related gene cloning in Camellia sinensis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select A Preliminary Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics for New Tea Cultivar Guilyu-I MO Ling, YAO Yuefeng, BAI Kundong, GU Daxing, ZENG Danjuan, HUANG Yuqing Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (5): 443-448.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.006 Abstract （476）      PDF（pc） （645KB）（423）       Knowledge map    Save The Pn-PAR response curve and diurnal variation of photosynthesis of a new tea cultivar Guilyu-I were measured and analyzed with the Li-6400 portable photosythesis measuring system. The results showed that the curve of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) could be described as unimodal curve, and the peak value was 9.36βμmol·m-2·s-1, which occurred at 11:00AM. The curve of diurnal variation of transpiration rate was also showed in a single peak curve, but the peak value appeared at 15:00, which was 4.06βmmol·m-2·s-1. The stepwise multi-regression analysis showed that the photosynthetically active radiation and air relative humidity were the main direct factors which affected the diurnal variation of Pn. The light compensation point and light saturation point in cultivar Guilyu-I were 7.13 and 354.60βμmol·m-2·s-1 respectively. And the apparent quantum yield was 0.088 mol·mol-1. This study provided a theoretical basis for fast-growing and high-yield cultivation, and for the establishment of cultivation management strategy of the introduction of Guilyu-I cultivar. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (01): 69-74.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.01.012 Abstract （469）      PDF（pc） （102KB）（423）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Studies on the Extraction of Tea-leaf Protein CAI Zhi-ning, WANG Chun-yan, LIANG Cui-jin, LI Qing-yu Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (4): 309-312.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.04.001 Abstract （585）      PDF（pc） （278KB）（423）       Knowledge map    Save ：The investigation was designed by using these reference factor including the solid to liquid ratio, extraction time, pH value and extraction temperature, as to determine the optimum technological parameters of tea-leaf protein extraction process and the optimum combination. Results showed that the optimum condition is as follows: solid to liquid ratio of 1:8, pH11, 60℃, 60 min. The protein extraction rate was 21.89% under these conditions. The extraction process of tea protein and the equipment used are simple. The optimal pH of sedimentation is pH 4.0. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Identification, Evaluation and Screening on Elite and Rare Tea Germplasms from Yunnan Province SONG Wei-xi, LIU Ben-ying, YI Bing, JIANG Hui-bing, MA Ling, DUAN Zhi-fen, SUN Xue-mei, WANG Yun-gang, WANG Ping-sheng Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (1): 45-52.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.01.008 Abstract （540）      PDF（pc） （196KB）（421）       Knowledge map    Save The agronomic traits, made tea quality, chemical components, cold tolerance and resistance to pests and diseases of 500 accessions tea germplasms collected from Yunnan Province were systematically and comprehensively investigated during 1986~2005. A total of 52 well-performed accessions tea germplasms were screened out according to nearly 100 characteristics. Among which, 32 accessions were relatively coordinated polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water extract contents, 2 super early maturity, 5 high polyphenols contents(>38%), 7 high caffeine content(>5.2%), 2 high caffeine content(<1%), 10 high theaflavins content(>1.6%), 26 high water extracts content(>48%), 2 high resistant to root knot nematode, 1 high resistant to tea leafhopper, 2 high resistant to tea red spider mite and 6 strong cold tolerance germplasms. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(13) Select Effects of Eurotium cristatum LJSC.2005 on the Quality of Primary Dark Tea, A Major Part of Fu Tea TANG Yiyu, YU Mengyao, YU Lijun, HUANG Jian'an, WANG Kunbo, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 851-862.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.002 Abstract （489）      PDF（pc） （521KB）（421）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of fermented loose tea technology with Eurotium cristatum LJSC.2005 on the quality of primary dark tea, the major part of Hunan Fu tea, the sensory evaluation, biochemical composition analysis and head-space solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technologies were used to analyze its effect on the primary dark teas made from six main tea cultivars in Hunan Province. The sensory evaluation results show that, compared with the primary dark tea, the loose tea sample after fermentation had golden flowers, deeper color, more flat and tight strips and deeper tea soup color. Its taste changed from astringency to mellow and its aroma changed from the flowery and fruity aroma of sun-dried dark tea and the smoky pine aroma of the seven-star stove to the strong and pure fungus aroma. Biochemical component analysis shows that the contents of taste components such as flavonoids, tea polyphenols, free amino acids, catechins and quercetin in fermented loose tea were generally lower than that of primary dark tea, and the soluble sugar and myricetin show a downward trend. HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis shows that there were a total of 71 aroma components in the tea samples, including 14 hydrocarbons, 16 alcohols, 10 aldehydes, 10 ketones, 6 esters, 4 phenols, 1 lactone, 6 nitrogen compounds and 4 oxygen compounds. Styrene and geraniol isobutyrate were the common aroma components of the primary dark tea. (E)-linalool 3,7-oxide, isophytol and acetophenone were the common aroma components of the fermented loose tea. Compared with the aroma components of primary dark tea, 16 components such as methyl salicylate, (E)-oxidized linalool (furan), (E)-linalool 3,7- oxide, β-ionone and geraniol isobutyrate were the characteristic aroma components of the loose tea fermented by Eurotium cristatum LJSC.2005. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Nitrogen Form and Weak Light Stress on Tea Plant Growth and Metabolism SHEN Ruihan, MA Lifeng, YANG Xiangde, FANG Li Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 349-355.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.01 Abstract （345）      PDF（pc） （295KB）（421）       Knowledge map    Save In order to analyze the effects of N form and weak light stress on the tea plant growth and metabolism, the two-year-old cutting seedlings of ‘Longjing 43’ were taken as experimental materials, and two different forms of N sources (NH4+-N and NO3--N) and two light intensities (normal light and weak light) were supplied under solution culture. The results show that: (1) the net photosynthetic rate of tea seedlings was mainly affected by the N form under normal light intensity. The net photosynthetic rate of tea seedlings treated with NH4+-N was significantly higher than that treated with NO3--N. Under the same nitrogen conditions, compared to normal light, weak light stress had a tendency to reduce the net photosynthetic rate of tea seedlings. (2) Under normal light intensity, the chlorophyll content in young shoots treated with NH4+-N was significantly higher than that treated with NO3--N, but the chlorophyll a (Chl a)/chlorophyll b (Chl b) ratio was basically unchanged. The chlorophyll content increased significantly after weak light stress, but Chl a/b ratio under NH4+-N treatment was significantly increased, while Chl a/b ratio under NO3--N treatment was slightly decreased. NO3--N treated tea plants showed better shade tolerance than that treated with NH4+-N. (3) N uptake by tea seedlings was mainly influenced by both N form and light, and weak light stress helped to improve the accumulation of N in new shoots of tea seedlings. The N content of NH4+-N treated tea seedlings was significantly higher than that treated with NO3--N under normal light. Weak light stress significantly increased the above-ground N content in tea plants. (4) Under normal light intensity, the contents of free amino acids and caffeine in young shoots treated with NH4+-N were significantly higher than those treated with NO3--N, while the ratio of tea polyphenol to free amino acids was lower. After weak light stress, the contents of free amino acid and caffeine in shoots further increased, while the contents of tea polyphenol and the ratio of tea polyphenol to free amino acids continued to decline. The increase rate of total free amino acid and descent rate of tea polyphenol and tea polyphenol/free amino acids ratio were faster in young shoots treated with NO3--N than those treated with NH4+-N. The composition of shoot quality was mainly affected by light intensity, but tea polyphenol-free amino acids ratio was influenced by both light intensity and N form. The research results provide theoretical basis for the analysis of its mechanism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Major Characteristic Aroma Compounds in Different Grades of Jingshan Tea ZHANG Huiyuan, MA Kuan, GAO Jing, JIN Yugu, WANG Yujie, SU Zhucheng, NING Jingming, CHEN Hongping, HOU Zhiwei Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (1): 101-118.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.01.009 Abstract （377）      PDF（pc） （1818KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Save To characterize the difference of odorants among different grades of Jingshan tea, we investigated the super grade, the first grade, the second grade and the third grade of Jingshan tea by stir bar sorptive extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS), headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis. Herein, we detected and identified 161 volatile organic compounds. The differences between the four grades of Jingshan tea were revealed by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The variable importance in projection (VIP) of the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to determine candidate differential volatile compounds among tea samples of different grades and further screening of differential compounds was carried out through analysis of relative odor activity value (ROAV) and GC-O analysis. A total of 18 volatile compounds were identified as key odorants for the discrimination of different grades of Jingshan tea, including linalool, geraniol, indole, (Z)-jasmone, dimethyl sulfide, etc. Among them, the contents of hoterienol, methyl jasmonate, and indole in the super grade Jingshan tea were significantly higher than those in other grades, and together with (Z)-jasmone, δ-decalactone, and 1-octen-3-ol and other aroma-active compounds constitute the characteristic floral aroma of super grade Jingshan tea samples. This study revealed significant differences in the characteristic volatile compounds among different grades of Jingshan tea, providing a reference for distinguishing the grades of green teas by chemometrics combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification and Transcriptional Regulation of CLH Gene Family and Expression Analysis in Albino Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) WANG Tao, WANG Yiqing, QI Siyu, ZHOU Zhe, CHEN Zhidan, SUN Weijiang Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (3): 331-346.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.03.003 Abstract （949）      PDF（pc） （1540KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Save Chlorophyllase (CLH) is the key enzyme in the degradation of chlorophyll, stripping its phytol to form dephytolithochlorophyll a. The full-length cDNA sequences of three CsCLHs genes were obtained from the second leaves of albino tea cultivar ‘Baijiguan', and bioinformatics analysis was performed. The results show that the three CsCLH genes could be divided into two subfamilies. The full length of CsCLHs was 894-975 bp, encoding 297-324 amino acids. The protein molecular weights were 31.99-34.91 kDa. The isoelectric points were 4.89-7.61, and the instability coefficients were 38.94-48.24. CsCLH1.1 and CsCLH1.2 were unstable proteins, while CsCLH2 was a stable protein. The subcellular localization prediction results of Cell Ploc show that three CsCLH proteins were located in chloroplast, while the results of Wolf Psort show that CsCLH1.1 and CsCLH1.2 were located in cytoplasm and CsCLH2 was located in chloroplast. The qRT-PCR results on the ‘Baijiguan' leaves indicated that expressions of CsCLHs were inhibited by shading treatment and light induced CsCLHs' expressions. Expression pattern analysis of CsCLHs shows that CsCLH1s were highly expressed in the albino cultivars. In addition, it was identified that CsCDF5 could bind to the CsCLH1.1 and CsCLH2 promoters according to the yeast one hybrid system. In conclusion, CsCLHs in albino tea leaves might be involved in chlorophyll degradation and play an important role in the process of albino leaf, which provided a reference for further investigation in the function of the CLH gene family and the albinism of leaves in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Molecular Binding Characterization with Tea Plant Volatiles of a General Odorant-binding Protein EoblGOBP2 in the Tea Geometrid, Ectropis oblique Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) ZHAO Lei, CUI Hongchun, ZHANG Linya, CHEN Ling, YU Jizhong, LI Hongliang Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (2): 165-171.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.02.010 Abstract （525）      PDF（pc） （670KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Save As one main Lepidopteran pest in tea garden, the larvae of tea geometrid damages mainly the tea leaves, which severely reduce the yield of tea products. The olfactory system of tea geometrid plays a very important role in terms of seeking host and food. Therefore, a general odorant binding protein—EoblGOBP2, existing in the olfactory system of tea geometrid, the function binding with tea plant volatiles was studied in vitro here. Based on the cloned EoblGOBP2 gene by RT-PCR, the recombinant protein EoblGOBP2 was successfully expressed in an optimized prokaryotic prokaryotic expression system, then the binding characteristics of the purified EoblGOBP2 with 1-NPN was measured by fluorescence spectrometry. Scatchard plot analysis indicated that the dissociation constant between EoblGOBP2 and 1-NPN was 2.310 μmol·L-1. In the competitive binding assays, to the seven candidate ligands, all of the relative fluorescence intensity of 1-NPN decreased more than 50%, which suggested that all of the tested ligands have strong binding capability with EoblGOBP2. The compound of dibutyl phthalate showed the maximum binding capability with EoblGOBP2, and their dissociation constant was 4.353 μmol·L-1. As all of the candidate chemical ligands belong to the tea volatiles secondary metabolites, indicating that EoblGOBP2 plays an important role in the odor recognition process of olfactory identification in the olfactory system of tea geometrid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Exploratory Study on the Image Processing Technology-based Tea Shoot Identification and Leaf Area Calculation LÜ Danyu, JIN Zijing, LU Lu, HE Weizhong, SHU Zaifa, SHAO Jingna, YE Jianhui, LIANG Yuerong Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 691-702.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.007 Abstract （383）      PDF（pc） （2181KB）（418）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, based on the picture collection of tea shoot growth in the field, we used deep learning target detection algorithm YOLOv5 to construct a model for identifying different growth stages of tea shoots, and the testing results indicate that the model had high accuracy. Furthermore, the Image-J software and the image processing methods of threshold cutting based on Gray, RGB and HSV values were applied to process tea leaf area, and the accuracy and efficiency of different methods were compared. The results show that the accuracy of HSV-based algorithm system of cutting tea leaves and automatically calculating tea leaf area was over 94%, which had better performance than RGB-based algorithm system. The research results provide technical support for the intelligent recognition model of tea growth state and information extraction algorithm of leaf traits, and also build a theoretical basis for the development of tea bud automatic recognition module of tea plucking machinery. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Flavor Characteristics and Biochemical Composition Differences of Ziyang Green Tea Based on Sensory Evaluation and Metabolomics Techniques CHEN Dequan, REN Yangmei, HE Mengdi, LI Youxue, YE Lili, XUE Huaqian, ZENG Jianming, DING Changqing Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 316-328.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.005 Abstract （341）      PDF（pc） （1171KB）（417）       Knowledge map    Save To analyze the differences in flavor characteristics and biochemical composition of Ziyang green tea with different drying processes, 6 Xixiangtea (hot-air convection drying combined with roller-type conduction drying) and 10 Cuifeng tea (hot-air convection drying) were used for the study, and their flavor profiles and biochemical composition were analyzed by sensory evaluation, component detection,UHPLC-Q-Exactive/TM and multivariate statistical methods. Sensory analysis shows that the aroma of Xixiang tea was mainly high-fresh, and the Cuifeng tea was mainly faint-scent. The color of Xixiang tea was darker green than that of Cuifeng tea. The overall sensory score of Cuifeng tea was higher than that of Xixiang tea. The quantitative analysis shows that the total amino acids and 10 amino acid fractions (histidine, arginine and threonine,…) were significantly higher in Xixiang tea than those in Cuifeng tea (P<0.05), but the contents of tea polyphenols, catechin fractions and caffeine, and other quality components, did not show significant differences. A total of 262 non-volatile compounds were identified by metabolomics analysis, including 13 classes of amino acids, catechins, dimeric catechins, phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides and organic acids. Partial least squares discrimination and comparative analysis found that there was no difference in metabolite species between Xixiang tea and Cuifeng tea, but there was a difference in their contents. Compounds with VIP>1.2 were selected as key differential compounds, mainly amino acids, phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides. The contents of amino acids and flavonoi dglycosides in Cuifeng tea were lower than those in Xixiang tea, while the content of dimerized catechins was higher than that of Xixiang tea. This study provided a theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the formation of the quality of Xixiang tea and Cuifeng tea, as well as a reference for the sensory quality of dry tea and biochemical compositional differences due to different drying processes of green tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Studies on the Green Fluorescence of Tea Polyphenols ZHANG Li-xia, JIA Ming, XIA Wen-juan, XIANG Qin-zeng, HUANG Xiao-qin Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (4): 288-294.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.04.012 Abstract （631）      PDF（pc） （659KB）（417）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of the concentration , pH, solvent, mental ion ( Ca2+ , Al3+ ) and heating on the fluorescence spectra of the tea polyphenols were studied. The results showed that the factors of all above had obviously effects on the fluorescent intensity of tea polyphenols. It reached the maximum intensity when pH of solvent is 7.4±0.2 or the concentration of tea polyphenols is 3βmg/ml or water solution contains 50% ethanol. Adding Ca2+ and Al3+ in the infusion of tea polyphenols reduced the fluorescent intensity, but it was mainly indirect effect by precipitating a portion of tea polyphenols. Heating treatment caused the fluorescent intensity of tea polyphenols higher. .The maximum emission peak would move to long wavelength when the concentration of tea polyphenols was above 3βmg/ml or pH>8, but other factors had less effects. Besides, solvent polarity affected the shape of excitation fluorescent spectra and the intensity obviously, but had less effect on the maximum emission wavelength. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11) Select The Improvement of Isolation and The Method of Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Protein from Tea Plant LIN Jin-ke, ZHENG Jin-gui, YUAN Ming, ZHANG Xue-qin, WANG Feng Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 16-20.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.004 Abstract （465）      PDF（pc） （700KB）（417）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(49) Select Design and Process Optimization of a Continuous Production Line on Needle-type Premium Green Tea CHEN Gensheng, YUAN Haibo, XU Yongquan, JIANG Yongwen, DENG Yuliang, YU Liaoyuan, YU Shuping, YIN Junfeng Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (2): 139-148.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.02.004 Abstract （503）      PDF（pc） （880KB）（417）       Knowledge map    Save According to the quality and processing characteristics of needle-type premium green tea, a strongly practicable, energy-efficient and highly qualified needle-type premium green tea continuous production line which consisted of the fresh tea leaves artificial spreading machine, electromagnetic heat roller fixation machine, multiphase continuous fixation-shaping machine, rubbing machine, far-infrared raising fragrant machine and other energy efficient facilities was organized. The processing procedures of the continuous production line including spreading, fixation, fixation-shaping and baking were investigated and a complete set of processing technology about the line on needle-typepremium green tea was proposed. The results showed that the best process parameters were: temperature at 18-25℃ and humidity at 60%-90% for fresh tea leaves spreading, the leaf weight of 125 kg·h-1, baking temperature at 270℃ and time of 65 second for the fixing, 240℃(38 Hz）, 210℃(40 Hz) and 180℃(45 Hz) for the multiphase continuous fixation-shaping, and drying temperature at 40-55℃, baking temperature at 100℃, speed of 30 kg·h-1 for the rotary continuous drying. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Fujian Tea Varieties by SCoT Markers LIN Weidong, CHEN Zhidan, SUN Weijiang, YANG Ruxing Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 43-57.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.005 Abstract （572）      PDF（pc） （1363KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Save SCoT-PCR amplification system is constructed to analyze the tea resources in Fujian. Totally 16 polymorphic primers were screened from 38 SCoT primers to construct fingerprints of 55 tea cultivars (lines). A total of 219 bands were amplified from 55 materials, with 216 polymorphic bands. The average bands amplified by each primer and polymorphic ratio were 13.8 and 93.15%. The Genetic similarity (GS) of 55 tea resources ranged from 0.49 to 0.85, with an average of 0.67. The SCoT marker analysis showed that the observed number of alleles was 1.93 in these two tea groups. The effective number of alleles, Nei gene diversity, Shannon’s information index, genetic differentiation and the gene flow were 1.54, 0.32, 0.48, 0.067 and 7.01, respectively. When the genetic similarity coefficient was set to 0.64, the tea resources could be divided into two major categories. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (01): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.01.001 Abstract （569）      PDF（pc） （217KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of Transcription Factors Interacting with CsNCED2 Promoter and Their Response to Abiotic Stress LI Jiasi, LIU Yingqing, ZHANG Yongheng, ZHANG Ying'ao, XIAO Yezi, LIU Lu, YU Youben Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (3): 325-334.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.03.007 Abstract （432）      PDF（pc） （1496KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Save Nine cis epoxide carotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and widely involved in plant growth and development as well as abiotic stress response. CsNCED2 is involved in the response to drought and salt stress in tea plants, while the transcriptional regulation mechanism involved is still unclear. In this study, two transcription factors, CsDof5.4 and CsERF38, which binded to the CsNCED2 promoter were identified by yeast single hybrid (Y1H) library screening. Subcellular localization, yeast self-activation and luciferase (LUC) assay show that they were located in the cell nucleus and could activate the expression of CsNCED2. RT-qPCR results show that the expressions of CsERF38 and CsDof5.4 were highly correlated with CsNCED2 under salt stress. While under drought stress, only the expression of CsERF38was highly correlated with that of CsNCED2. In this study, two transcription factors (CsDof5.4 and CsERF38) binding to the CsNCED2 promoter were identified. Both drought and salt stresses could induce the expression of CsNCED2, thus participate in the abiotic stress response in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Screening of the Beauveria bassiana Strain with High Virulence to Basilepta melanopus (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) WANG Dingfeng, LI Liangde, LI Jianlong, LI Huiling, ZHANG Hui, WANG Qingsen, WU Guangyuan Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (3): 229-236.   Abstract （457）      PDF（pc） （280KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save The beetle (Basilepta melanopus) is one of the most serious leaf-feeding insects in tea garden, which seriously affects both tea yield and quality. In recent years, the beetle often caused serious damage in some tea gardens, especially organic tea gardens. How to effectively control this pest has become a serious problem. In order to screen high virulence strains of Beauveria bassiana to B. melanopus, 9 strains of B. bassiana isolated from the coleoptera pests in tea gardens were selected as candidates. In the preliminary screening, the biological characteristics of these 9 strains, including colony morphology, growth rate, sporulation, spore germination rate, thermotolerance and UV radiation resistance were detected. According to the above biological characteristics, three strains Bb338, Bb346 and Bb2-1 were selected for further bioassay against the adult of B. melanopus. Bioassay results showed that the strain Bb2-1 was the most virulent strain to the adults of B. melanopus, which had the highest corrected mortality rates of 100%, highest cadaver rates of 86.11% and shortest LT50 of 3.32 d at a concentration of 1.0×107 conidia per milliliter. The strain Bb2-1 has the best biological characteristics and the highest virulent against the adults of B. melanopus, which would play a very important role in biocontrol of B. melanopus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Screening and Identification of Ammonifying Bacterium and Characteristic of Strains from the Soils of Tea Garden HAN Xiao-yang, LI Zhi, WANG Qiang-qiang, ZHANG Li-xia Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 91-98.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.012 Abstract （567）      PDF（pc） （730KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save By the experimental procedure of enrichment culture and microbial purification, 33 ammonifying bacterial strains were screened from the soil of tea garden in Shandong province. According to the activity comparison and taxonomy of strains, three different species of high activity strains were selected. The strain SNT3 was preliminary identified as Bacillus, SNT6 as Exiguobacterium and SNT33 as Acinetobacter on the basis of the characteristics of strain’s morphological characteristics, physiological＆biochemistry and 16βS rDNA sequencing method. Meanwhile, the effects of growth environment and removal ability of organic nitrogen of the strains were measured . The results showed that the optimum pH for SNT3, SNT6, SNT33 is 5.0~8.5, 6.0~8.5, 5.0~7 respectively; the optimum temperature of three strains were 35℃, the capacity of organic nitrogen removing of the SNT3 was better than SNT6 and SNT33. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1988, 8 (02): 13-20.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1988.02.002 Abstract （370）      PDF（pc） （351KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Inhibition of Tea Extracts and Different Types of Tea on Mycobacterium tuberculosis XU Jing, HUANG Youyi, HUANG Jin, LI Chunlei Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 341-349.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.006 Abstract （207）      PDF（pc） （1177KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save This study was aimed at investigating the inhibitory effect of tea on Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Ra by using the Oxford cup method for the bacteriostatic assay of H37Ra. The inhibitory abilities of different tea extracts (tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides and tea saponins) and different teas (Huanong Lvzhen, Dazongchaoqing, Guangdong Dayeqing, Fuding Shoumei, Tieguanyin, Fenghuang Dancong, Keemun black tea, Xiaguan Tuocha and Green brick tea) on the activity of H37Ra strain were studied. The results of the bacteriostatic experiments of tea extracts show that tea polyphenols exhibited significant bacteriostatic ability against H37Ra strain and the bacteriostatic effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of tea polyphenol concentration. At a concentration of 40 mg·mL-1, tea polyphenols show long-term inhibition of the growth of H37Ra strain. Tea polysaccharides and saponins had no inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Different types of tea exhibit varying degrees of antibacterial ability, among which, the ethyl acetate fraction of Fenghuang Dancong had a stronger bacterial inhibition ability than other isolates. The column chromatography separated by 60% ethanol had the strongest bacterial inhibition ability, suggesting that tea polyphenols were the main components to inhibit the growth of H37Ra strain. The results confirm that tea has an inhibitory effect on H37Ra strain and different tea extracts and different tea types have different antibacterial abilities, which provides a new idea for the development of tuberculosis related antibacterial drugs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure in the Rhizosphere of Different Tea Cultivars HE Fei, LI Donghua, BU Fan Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 319-327.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.003 Abstract （908）      PDF（pc） （343KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save In order to enrich the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal germplasm resources of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in China, the community structure of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil of different tea cultivars grown in Hanshuiyun tea garden of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province were analyzed. The results show that species richness, species and genera composition of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil varied with tea cultivars. A total of six AM fungal species were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Ziyang population. Likewise, five from Shancha 1, four from Longjing Changye, four from Longjing 43, and three species from Fuding Dabai. Soil collected from the rhizosphere of Longjing Changye had the highest spore density (3.57 spores per gram of dry soil), while the lowest spore density (1.10 spores per gram of dry soil) was found in the rhizosphere of Longjing 43. The highest Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness indices were found in the rhizosphere of Ziyang population (0.63 and 0.096), whereas the lowest values were observed in the rhizosphere of Longjing Changye (0.18 and 0.027). The maximum mycorrhizal colonization (29.5%) was found in the rhizosphere of Longjing Changye, whereas the minimum value (15.8%) was observed in the rhizosphere of Fuding Dabai. The Sorenson’s similarity coefficient of AM fungal species composition among five tested tea cultivars ranged from 0.111 to 0.750, with the highest between Longjing Changye and Longjing 43, and the lowest between Fuding Dabai and Ziyang population. The results reveal obvious differences in AM fungal community composition among the five tea cultivars. The identified AM fungal resources in rhizosphere soil are of great significance for further screening, researching AM fungi agent, and promoting the development of tea industrialization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Aroma Change of the Enzymatic Processing Stage of Beauty Tea in Different Withering Methods DING Fengjiao, YUAN Yuwei, LI Yuanchao, LIN Jinlong, YAN Jiawei, LI Pengchun, JIN Shan Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 469-482.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.008 Abstract （214）      PDF（pc） （1821KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the aroma changes between the natural withering indoors and sunlight withering outdoors during the enzymatic processing stage of beauty tea, the volatiles collected in the process samples of beauty tea during the enzymatic processing stage were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to screen for differential volatiles. The results show that the differential volatiles of beauty teas from the two withering methods were similar at different stages of processing, in which the contents of N-hexanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, geraniol, hexyl isovalerate, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, hexyl butyrate, N-butyrate (trans-2-hexenyl) ester, linalool oxy-furan-type, and linalool increased with the processing, which was the material basis for the formation of the aroma quality of Beauty Tea. While the contents of 2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenyl-2-methylbutyrate, (E)-3-hex-enyl butyrate, ethyl caproate, and ethyl acetate-leaf alcohol ester declined continuously with the processing. The results of volatile determination show that there was no significant difference in the types of volatile components in the processing stage of beauty tea between the two withering methods, but mainly in the content, and most of the volatile components were more abundant in the outdoor sunlight withering beauty tea. This study aimed to explore the aroma changing rule of beauty tea during the enzymatic processing stage, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of beauty tea processing technology, and to improve the flavor quality and economic value of beauty tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Flavored Nucleotides in Oolong Tea by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Changes of Flavored Nucleotides in the Making Green Process of ‘Tieguanyin’ Tea HUANG Yan, ZHOU Xiaosen, GAO Chenxi, ZHANG Lingzhi, RONG Jiefeng, SUN Weijiang Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 227-236.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.008 Abstract （448）      PDF（pc） （371KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Save Nucleotide is a kind of important substrate for the biosynthesis of nucleic acid and caffeine in tea, which is also one of the most important umami substances in tea infusion. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for the determination of nucleotide contents. Five types of flavored nucleotides including cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP), uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) in tea were determined within 4 min, and dynamic changes of the above nucleotide contents in the making green process of ‘Tieguanyin’ Oolong tea were analyzed. The results show that the detection limits of the five nucleotides were 0.87-1.47 μg·g-1, with the limits of quantification of 2.62-4.41 μg·g-1 and a linear range of 50-1 000 ng·mL-1. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were 2.17%-4.17% and 2.95%-4.74%, with a recovery rate of 72.89%-91.98%. Three types of nucleotides, AMP, CMP and UMP, were detected in tea cultivar ‘Tieguanyin’, with the UMP content of 16.98-26.78 μg·g-1, the CMP content of 14.31-17.56 μg·g-1, and the AMP content of 7.80-9.91 μg·g-1. The UMP, CMP, and AMP in ‘Tieguanyin’ were ranked in order from high to low and the CMP content increased slowly in late stages of making green process. The total amount of flavored nucleotides in the making green process varied from 40.78 to 56.69 μg·g-1, showing the trend of mild and stable fluctuation. The method is rapid, accurate and sensitive with high stability and precision, which can be used as an analytical technique for the study of flavor chemistry in tea processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Investigation on the Function of Monomers in Fuzhuan Tea by High-Throughput Screening FU Dong-he, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Jian-an, CHEN Jin-hua, CHEN Hui-heng Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (1): 39-42.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.01.006 Abstract （547）      PDF（pc） （289KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Save Six compounds separated from Fuzhuan Tea were tested by High-Throughput Screening of model FXR, LXR, PPARδ, PPARγ and 3T3-L1 related to the lipid-depressing and anti-obesity. Results showed that all monomers were active to the models selected. To the active model FXR, gallic acid and ECG were active on the concentration of 50 µg/ml. The activating value of GA and ECG was 1.766 and 3.220 respectively. EGCG was very active on the concentration of 10 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml. The active value reached 6.0 when the concentration was 50 µg/ml. To PPARδ, the three compounds were active when the concentration was 50 µg/ml. The activating value of GC to PPARγ model was 1.619. The activating value of 3- methoxy- 4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid in PPARγ model was 1.734. The restraining value of 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid in FXR model was 3.641, while that of CDCA(CK) was 6.435. All the results showed that all the compounds were functional ones. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (02): 212-.   Abstract （1215）      PDF（pc） （12KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Relationship between Soil Nutrients and Tea Main Quality Components of Ancient Tea Arboretum and Modern Tea Garden in Yunnan Province YANG Guangrong, WANG Xiuqing, XIE Jin, LÜ Caiyou, LI Yongmei Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (6): 574-582.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.06.009 Abstract （802）      PDF（pc） （930KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Save Soil is the basic survival condition of the tea plant, so it was very closely related to the growth and development of tea plant and tea quality. The representative ancient tea arboretum and modern tea garden were selected in Jingmai, Bulang and Nannuo ancient tea mountain of Yunnan Province. The pH value, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), and nutrients content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) in tea garden soils (0-20βcm) and the tea main quality component of sundried green teas which were manufactured by a bud and two leaves (water extraction, tea polyphenols, amino acid, caffeine and polyphenols monomer content) were determined from the soil and tea samples and those from the modern tea garden (or young tea tree/forest) were used as control. The results showed that the soil moisture content increased by 15.23%~46.82% in ancient tea garden under forests shade in comparing with that from modern tea garden. The soil pH value in the ancient tea garden was higher than that of modern tea garden (or young tea tree/forest) in Bulang mountains and Nannuo mountain. The soil CEC, SOM, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (Olsen-P) contents of ancient tea garden were significantly higher than those of modern tea garden (or young tea tree/forest). All though the contents of tea water extract, amino acid, tea polyphenol and polyphenols monomer substance in all tea gardens were not consistent, however, the ratio of polyphenol to amino acid of ancient tea plants planted under forests range was 6.75 to 12.28 significantly lower than those of the modern tea garden (from 9.98 to 15.25). The changes of five kinds of catechins content were in the order: Epicatechin gallate (ECG) > Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) > Epicatechin (EC) > Epigallocatechin (EGC) > Catechin (C), and the ECG and EGCG contents were not significant differed between ancient tea garden and modern tea garden (or young tea tree/forest). Moreover, tea gallic acid (GA) was detected only in the ancient tea plants. The cultivation pattern in ancient tea garden was beneficial to prevent the soil acidification, to reduce the illumination intensity, to improve the soil moisture content, and to promote the sustainable utilization soil fertility in tea garden, and it is advantageous to tea plant in forming high amino acid content and low ratio of polyphenol to amino acid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Grading of Machine Picked Tea Based on Image Processing Technology and Neural Network WU Zhengmin, CAO Chengmao, XIE Chengjian, WU Jiasheng, HU Wangyang, WANG Tianyu Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (2): 182-190.   Abstract （437）      PDF（pc） （1133KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the picking problem of famous green tea, a new technology was proposed to classify machine picked tea in this paper. Fresh tea leaves plucked by machine are often mixed, with tea stalks and have a high broken rate and thereby only suitable for making general green tea. The convex hull area, convex hull perimeter, long axial length, short axial length and other morphological features of machine plucked tea leaves were analyzed by Labview vision, image processing technology and neural network to screen high quality tea. Industrial CCD camera with appropriate optical system was used to collect object classification features. User interface was developed by Labview, which can realize the data interaction, convenient operation, short development cycle and meet different users’ requirements. Finally, sample test showed that the correct rate of tea classification could reach about 90%, which provides a good theoretical basis for further research of tea grading equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Extraction Temperature on Tea Sediment Formation in Green Tea Infusion XU Yong-quan, CHEN Gen-sheng, LIU Ping, ZHONG Xiao-yu, YUAN Hai-bo, YIN Jun-feng Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (1): 17-21.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.01.003 Abstract （763）      PDF（pc） （480KB）（412）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of different extraction temperature (20~100℃) on the content of main chemical components, reversible and irreversible sediment amount of green tea infusion was investigated. The results showed that, with the increasing of extraction temperature, the solid concentration, content of main chemical components and the amount of reversible and irreversible tea sediment all significantly increased. When the extraction temperature was lower than 40℃, there was only a small amount of tea sediment and irreversible tea sediment formed. When the extraction temperature increased from 50℃ to 90℃, the solid concentration increased a little, but the more tea sediment amount increased. If the extraction temperature is lower than 50℃, the formation of tea sediment will be decreased greatly. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Study on the EGCG from Tea on the Blood Anticoagulation Effect of Mice WANG Xian-bo, CHENG Hao, ZHAO Yun, HUANG Hai-tao Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (6): 532-536.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.06.009 Abstract （596）      PDF（pc） （466KB）（412）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of EGCG on blood anticoagulation of mice was evaluated in this investigation. Results showed that EGCG with doses of 0.25g/(kg·d), 0.5g/(kg·d) and 1.0g/(kg·d)could significantly prolong bleeding time of mice tail and activated the partial thromboplastin time compared with control group, effectively depress fibrinogen level, while EGCG nearly has no impact on mice prothrombin time. EGCG with doses of 0.5g/(kg·d) and 1.0g/(kg·d) could effectively prolong coagulation time compared with control group. It is calculated that EGCG could inhibit the intrinsic coagulation pathway and prolong the blood coagulation time. EGCG showed obvious blood anticoagulation effect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Study on Separation and Concentration of Theanine in De-catechined Tea Extracts by Membrane System XIAO Li-zheng, XIAO Wen-jun, GONG Zhi-hua, WANG Wei, LIU Zhong-hua Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 37-41.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.006 Abstract （458）      PDF（pc） （324KB）（411）       Knowledge map    Save ：By using the material of de-catechined tea extracts in tea comprehensive processing and on the basis of selecting the best pH value of liquid for separation and concentration theanine by ultra-filtration,the effect on the yield rate and purity of theanine by 2500βDa、3500βDa、5000βDa ultra-filtration and four concentrating method of 300βDa nano-filtration、200βDa nano-filtration、reverse osmosis、vacuum vaporation concentration were comparatively studied in processing the de-catechined tea extracts. The results indicated that it was beneficial to separate and concentrate theanine from de-catechined tea extracts when the value of pH was 2.8~3.5.3500βDa ultrafiltration had a good effect in separating and concentrating theanine ,the major tea polyphenol ,water soluble carbohydrate were preserved and the cut rate reached 89.90%、92.20% respectively, the yield rate and purity of theanine was 54.50%,8.92% respectuvely. The lost rate of theanine in concentrating of 300βDa nano-filtration、200βDa nano-filtration、reverse osmosis、vacuum vaporation concentration was 4.51%、3.62%、0.45%、5.15% respectively. Take all thing into account, it is feasible to separate and concentrate theanine from de-catechined tea extracts in tea comprehensive processing industry by the joint application of ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis,and the yield rate and purity of theanine can reach 54.05% and 8.53% respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(10) Select Study on the Discipline System of Tea Culture ZHU Hong-ying Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 42-48.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.007 Abstract （443）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（411）       Knowledge map    Save From the viewpoint of professional education, the paper aims at the framework of tea culture teaching system. Firstly, the subject of tea culture has a distinct research object. Secondly, it analyzes the related research fields, which consist of the discipline of tea science, the discipline of tea art, the discipline of tea literature, the discipline of tea economy. Finally, it explores the development of tea culture on the basis of the value system. This paper tries to present a concept and model on the teaching of tea culture. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Advances of Magnesium Nutrition in Tea Plant ZHANG Qunfeng, NI Kang, YI Xiaoyun, LIU Meiya, RUAN Jianyun Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (1): 19-27.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20201209.001 Abstract （992）      PDF（pc） （10936KB）（411）       Knowledge map    Save Magnesium (Mg) is not only the central atom of chloroplast, but also participates in the biosynthesis of quality-related components (theanine) in tea plant. The impacts of Mg on tea quality and plant growth have been well established. However, Mg fertilizer is still not widely used in tea gardens of China, although Mg deficiency frequently occurs. This paper reviewed main studies of Mg nutrition in tea plant in the past 30 years, including the application of Mg nutrition in tea gardens, impact of Mg on tea quality, and interactions of Mg and other nutrients. In view of the shortage of Mg in tea garden soil, insufficient input of Mg fertilizer and unclear mechanism of Mg utilization in tea plant, prospect of research on Mg in the future were put forward. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Photosynthesis and Quality Components Changes in Autumn Tea ZHANG Lan, WEI Jipeng, SHEN Chen, YAN Peng, ZHANG Liping, LI Xin, HAN Wenyan Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 271-280.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.007 Abstract （763）      PDF（pc） （943KB）（411）       Knowledge map    Save The time courses of different indexes, including luminous intensity in the canopy, leaf temperature, photosynthetic parameters, quality component contents and the expression of genes related to quality component biosynthesis on August 19th and September 23th were measured in Longjing 43 (Camellia sinensis cv. Longjing 43). Using the results above, the effects of luminous intensity and leaf temperature on the tea photosynthesis and the influence of luminous intensity, leaf temperature and net photosynthesis rate on the accumulation of quality components and the transcription levels of biosynthetic genes could be confirmed preliminary. The results suggested that leaf temperature and photosynthetic activity of mesophyll cells were important physiological factors to affect the net photosynthesis rate of autumn tea. Moreover, the leaf temperature might influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of catechins and amino acids in autumn tea by regulating the expression of catechins biosynthetic genes, such as CsPAL, CsF3′5′H, CsANS, CsUFGT and amino acid biosynthetic genes, including CsGS, CsGOGAT and CsTS1. Otherwise, the luminous intensity and the net photosynthesis rate of autumn tea were significantly correlated with the expression levels of genes related to catechin, amino acid and caffeine biosynthesis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Evaluation on the Economic Benefits of Tea Cultural Tourism Resources for Biluochun Tea in Suzhou Dongting Mountain FENG Wei-ying, WANG Yu-hua, John Kipkorir Tanui, LI Xing-hui Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (4): 353-361.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.04.001 Abstract （602）      PDF（pc） （315KB）（410）       Knowledge map    Save As a new form of tourism, tea tourism has become an increasing point to the economy. Based on the theory of environmental economics, a case study on Biluochun tea culture tourism resources in Dongting Mountain of Suzhou was examined. A questionnaire was administered on tourists in the tea destination of Dongting Mountain by using applied the traveling cost method and contingent valuation method to estimate total economic values respectively. Used the SPSS 17.0 statistics software, the total economic values of the tea tourism resources in Dongting Mountain was calculated as 678.95 million Yuan, contained use values of 656.75 million Yuan and non-use values of 22.19 million Yuan. This results proved that the tea tourism resources have huge economic values. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (02): 197-200.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.02.008 Abstract （335）      PDF（pc） （75KB）（410）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select The Role of Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase on Nitrogen-regulated Phosphorus Uptake in Tea Plants CHEN Linmu, CHEN Jingguang, WANG Ningning, ZHANG Xianchen Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 723-730.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.011 Abstract （553）      PDF（pc） （1065KB）（409）       Knowledge map    Save Phosphorus is one of the most important mineral elements for plant growth and development, and different nitrogen forms can regulate phosphorus uptake. As is well-known that plant plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase plays an important role in nutrition uptake, it may also relate to the different nitrogen-modulated phosphorus uptake. In our study, PM H+-ATPase in tea roots were isolated by two-phase partitioning in aqueous dextranT-500 and polyethylene glycol, and the effect of different nitrogen forms on phosphorus uptake and the characteristic parameters of PM H+-ATPase in tea roots were examined by using non-invasive micro-test technique and Western-blot. It was found that ammonium significantly improved the phosphorus accumulation in tea plants as compared with nitrate nutrition. In addition, less depolarized PM potentials, higher net H+ flux, PM H+-ATPase activities and protein levels were found under ammonium treatment than those under nitrate nutrition treatment. Furthermore, vanadate (the PM H+-ATPase inhibitor) significantly decreased phosphorus accumulation in tea plants under ammonium and nitrate nutrition treatments, which further suggests that PM H+-ATPase may be involved in phosphorus accumulation in tea plants regulated by different nitrogen forms. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Quality of Mechanical Production and Numerical Control Fermentation of Puer Tea ZHAO Miaomiao, HE Lunan, LI Guo, YI Chao, LIU Xueyan, LUO Chaoguang, LYU Caiyou Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (5): 676-688.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.013 Abstract （614）      PDF（pc） （1075KB）（409）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the feasibility of mechanical production of Puer tea, solar-drying green tea was processed according to ‘mechanized standardized production line for solar-drying green tea’, and fermented by the numerical control fermentation system developed by Pu’er Tea Thoroughbred Farm. Samples were collected in each process during production. Methods like electronic nose, GC-MS, HPLC combined with sensory evaluation were applied to analyze the changes of the components and aroma substances during the mechanization production of solar-drying green tea, which could provide a reference for mechanized processing and industrial upgrading of Puer tea. The results show that the evaluation results of the batch samples met the national standards, and the mechanized production of Puer tea was feasible. In the process of the numerical control fermentation, the contents of catechins, GA, water extract, tea polyphenols and amino acids showed a decreasing trend, while the content of caffeine increased. The results of GC-MS and electronic nose show that the aroma substances were significantly different from other samples during the first stacking. As the types of aroma substances increased during the numerical control fermentation, the relative contents of aroma substances decreased. The aroma substances mainly included alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and aldehydes. Moreover, the aromatic hydrocarbon-like aroma substances were detected to be rich. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on the Regulation Relationship between Endogenous Hormones in Tea Shoots and Leaf Color Formation GAO Chenxi, HUANG Yan, LI Jing, SUN Yue, CHEN Zhiheng, LIN Lin, CHEN Zhidan, SUN Weijiang, ZHONG Lei Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (6): 802-812.   Abstract （448）      PDF（pc） （2844KB）（409）       Knowledge map    Save Three purple tea cultivar, Zifuxing 1, Zijuan, Hongye 1, and two green leaf cultivar Rougui and Fuding Dabaicha, as well as the albino tea cultivar, Baijiguan, were used as test materials to reveal the relationship between the accumulation of color-presenting substances and endogenous hormones in tea plants. The contents of major color-presenting substances, anthocyanin, chlorophyll, carotenoids and phytohormones (ABA, JA and SA) were determined in different tea cultivars. The results show that purple teas generally contained higher anthocyanin and ABA contents, which showed a highly significantly positive correlation. While ABA had a significantly negative correlation with chlorophyll and carotenoids. The correlation between ABA and anthocyanin changing patterns among different leaf positions of purple tea and the expression patterns of relative genes were also analyzed, which indicates that ABA might play a positive effect on anthocyanin synthesis in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1991, 11 (02): 109-116.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1991.02.004 Abstract （264）      PDF（pc） （447KB）（409）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1989, 9 (01): 13-22.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1989.01.003 Abstract （485）      PDF（pc） （494KB）（409）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 43-46.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.009 Abstract （403）      PDF（pc） （32KB）（408）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Hypoglycemic Effect of Fungus Fermented Black Tea Based on Liver Transcriptomics ZENG Hongzhe, PENG Liyuan, WAN Liwei, LIU Changwei, FANG Wenwen, WANG Kuofei, ZHANG Xinyi, WEN Shuai, HUANG Jian'an, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (5): 645-656.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.05.003 Abstract （398）      PDF（pc） （2294KB）（408）       Knowledge map    Save EGCG is often regarded as the main active ingredient in tea to protect blood glucose homeostasis. The content of low molecular weight polyphenols such as EGCG in fungus fermented black tea (FFBT) is extremely low, and there are few studies on the hyperglycemic effect of FFBT. To explore the hypoglycemic effects and potential mechanisms of FFBT, GK rats with spontaneous hyperglycemic were given 280 mg·kg-1 FFBT extract (equivalent to 9 g of FFBT for daily human consumption) by gavage intervention. The study assessed the effects of FFBT on body weight, glucose homeostasis, regulatory factors related to glucose homeostasis, diabetic complications and liver transcription profiles in hyperglycemic rats. The results indicated that FFBT could obviously reduce the fasting blood glucose level and random blood sugar level of hyperglycemic rats, improve the abnormal glucose metabolism in hyperglycemic rats, maintain glucose homeostasis and alleviate the damage caused by diabetic complications in hyperglycemic rats. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed that the hypoglycemic properties of FFBT might be related to the regulation of gene expression in the liver, such as Gck, Pklr, Pkm. This study found that FFBT may be a potential hypoglycemic functional beverage, providing a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of fermented tea such as FFBT. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Changes of Chemical Components in Pu’er Tea Produced by Solid State Fermentation of Sundried Green Tea GONG Jia-shun, ZHOU Hong-jie, ZHANG Xin-fu, SONG Shan, AN Wen-jie Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 300-306.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.011 Abstract （573）      PDF（pc） （282KB）（408）       Knowledge map    Save The changes of chemical components of Pu’er tea produced by solid state fermentation (SSF) of sundried green tea using Aspergillus niger were studied in this paper. The results showed that the main chemical components of sundried green tea such as polyphenols, catechins, thearubigins, flavonoid, theabromine, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide were converted obviously during SSF process of sundried green tea. When the sundried green tea was fermented for 40 days, the content of polyphenols, catechins, flavonoid , thearubigins, soluble oligosaccharide and tea extracts of the fourth pile sample were reduced 60%, 80%, 55%, 90%, 65% and 25%, respectively, but the content of theabromine and soluble polysaccharide increased by 4.5 times and by 5.7 times, respectively. It was suggested that the polyphenols, catechins, thearubigins, theabromine, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide of Pu’er tea could be used as characteristic components to determine the quality of Pu’er tea. The results also demonstrated that the esculent Pu’er tea was produced within short time by SSF of sundried green tea, and the product had the same content of characteristic components as the Pu’er tea stored for long time. Furthermore, the results revealed that the sundried green tea could not be transformed the characteristic quality of Pu’er tea without the process of microorganism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Aroma Profiling of Fresh Leaves of Oolong Tea Cultivars during White Tea Processing CHEN Lin, ZHANG Yinggen, CHEN Jian, SONG Zhenshuo, XIANG Lihui, YU Wenquan, YOU Zhiming Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (6): 771-781.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.06.006 Abstract （925）      PDF（pc） （830KB）（407）       Knowledge map    Save White teas processed from fresh leaves of oolong tea cultivars can be always detected with flower flavor characteristics. In order to investigate the formation and changes of aroma components during the manufacture of such fragrant white tea, fresh leaves harvested from 10 oolong tea cultivars including Mingke1 were respectively processed into white teas under controlled indoor air conditions set at 18-22℃ and humidity of 45%-60%. Compared with traditional white teas produced from Fudingdahao-cha, Fuandabai-cha and Fuyun 6, the aroma components of white teas and the WIP (work in process) samples prepared according to the weight loss rate of fresh leaves from oolong tea cultivars were isolated by head space solids-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in combination with stoichiometric analysis. The results show that there were very different chemical patterns of aroma components between fragrant white teas and traditional white teas. The aroma patterns of white teas and in-process products obtained from oolong tea cultivars were of high similarity. With the increase of the weight loss rate of fresh leaves, the distribution of these tea samples in the two-dimensional score plot obtained from principal component analysis tended to disperse gradually, resulting in oriented migration as a group. It could be seen that the dynamic changes of aroma components during the processing of fragrant white tea were also closely related to the properties of the raw materials from each tea cultivars by cluster analysis. From 30% to 60% of the weight loss rate was the key development stage affecting the formation of aroma quality of fragrant white tea, especially for the weight loss rate≥45%. The 136 aroma components detected in tea samples from oolong tea cultivars were significantly enriched in three changing trend models, including linalool and its oxide, geraniol, geranial, methyl salicylate, β-ionone and dihydroactinidiolide and some other volatile components with pleasant flavor, which can be regarded as the most important chemical indicators for the coupling process to regulate aroma quality of fragrant white tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of Meitan Cuiya Tea Grades Based on Visible-Near-Infrared Technology PENG Qingwei, LIU Yun, YU Jiancheng, WEI Xiaonan, TANG Yanlin Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (5): 458-464.   Abstract （521）      PDF（pc） （876KB）（407）       Knowledge map    Save In order to distinguish tea grade by using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy technique, Meitan Cuiya tea was used as materials in this study. The spectral data of all different grades Cuiya samples were collected. Firstly, Savitzky-Golay smoothing(SG), multiple scattering correction(MSC), standard normal variable transformation (SNV), first derivative, second derivative, detrending and other pretreatment methods were used to process the original spectral data of the samples. Then, the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was established based on different preprocessing methods and raw data. The influence of different pretreatment methods on the modeling model was also studied. The results showed that the modeling of SG smoothing pretreatment method had the best effect. In order to simplify the model, three characteristic wavelength selection methods, the stepwise regression analysis (SWR), successive projection algorithm (SPA), and competitive adaptive re-weighting (CARS) were used to select the characteristic wavelength, which would be the pretreatment before the SG smoothing. Finally, PLSR modeling was performed based on the characteristic wavelengths selected by different feature wavelength algorithms. The results showed that the model based on the CARS method had the best prediction effect, with the correlation coefficient of 0.9739 and the calibration standard deviation of 0.2250. The model greatly reduced the number of independent variables, simplified the previous model, and achieved a good prediction effect, which provided a new, quick and effective method for the classification of Cuiya grades. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Three Antibiotic Treatments on Bacterial Endosymbiont Community of Ectropis Grisescens Warren WANG Zhibo, BAI Jiahe, ZHOU Xiaogui, GUO Huawei, XIAO Qiang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (1): 90-100.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20201130.001 Abstract （470）      PDF（pc） （10817KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the effects of three antibiotics on bacterial endosymbiont community of Ectropis grisescens, relative experiment was carried out with three antibiotics (tetracycline, cefalexin and rifampicin) at the concentration of 2.5 mg·mL-1. Larvae of E. grisescens were fed the tea leaves with antibiotics for continuous 3 generations. Variation of endosymbiont community was studied using 16 S rDNA Illumina MiSeq technique. Besides, the Wolbachia of E. grisescens were detected basing on wsp gene. The results show that abundance and diversity of endosymbiont community in E. grisescens were increased and reduced, respectively under antibiotic treatments. The tetracycline and rifampicin could effectively remove Wolbachia from E. grisescens. Further, the population of E. grisescens without Wolbachia was established, which laid the foundation for the study on function of Wolbachia. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Chemical Composition Analysis of Unique ‘Rattan Tea’ in Yunnan FANG Chenggang, YANG Gaozhong, YANG Yingbiao, ZHANG Liqiu, CHEN Xia, LI Lianchao, LÜ Haipeng, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 299-315.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.009 Abstract （303）      PDF（pc） （2075KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save ‘Rattan tea’ is a unique tea in Yunnan, named after the distinctive cultivation method developed by local tea farmers over generations which prompts tea tree trunks to resemble rattan in appearance. To investigate the impact of the ‘rattan tea’ pluck management system on tea quality, the one bud and two leaves from rattan tea plantation were collected to produce sun-dried tea, black tea and white tea, and the samples of the same kind of fresh leaves of the modern tea plantation were used as the control. These samples were used for the sensory evaluation and chemical composition analysis. The study shows that the sun-dried tea made from fresh rattan tea leaves exhibits a higher refreshing aroma and stronger taste, while the white tea has a stronger aroma and sweeter taste. In contrast, the black tea from modern tea gardens is characterized by a higher level of sweet aroma and a refreshing taste. The total catechin content in rattan tea was significantly lower than that in modern tea plantations, particularly in rattan white tea (67.11 mg·g-1), which was significantly lower than that of modern tea plantation white tea (84.19 mg·g-1). The content of theanine in rattan sun-dried tea (16.79 mg·g-1) was significantly higher than that in modern tea plantation sun-dried tea (14.69 mg·g-1). Both rattan sun-dried tea and rattan white tea exhibited lower phenol-to-amino acid ratios. A total of 205 primary metabolites were identified, with rattan white tea accumulated a richer profile of sugars. In addition, a total of 127 volatile compounds were detected in all tea samples. Alcohols and esters were the predominant volatile components in different tea types, with rattan white tea exhibiting significantly higher total volatile compound content than modern tea plantation white tea. Rattan black tea contained a higher content of geraniol, while modern tea plantation black tea had higher levels of linalool. In summary, the processing methods of sun-dried tea and white tea were found to be more conducive to obtain high-quality rattan tea products, and the overall chemical quality of tea samples made from rattan tea plantation were better than that of tea samples from modern tea plantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Identification of Watery Saliva Protein from Empoasca onukii and Preliminary Study on the Involvement in the Formation of “Hopperburn” Symptoms in Tea Plants YAN Jiawei, CHEN Zongmao, LI Zhaoqun, LUO Zongxiu, BIAN Lei, CAI Xiaoming, JIN Shan Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (1): 40-54.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.01.011 Abstract （461）      PDF（pc） （932KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save The role of saliva protein of Empoasca onukii in the formation of “Hopperburn” symptom in tea plants has not been studied to date. In this paper, the double-layer parafilm clamping nutrient solution method and a simple self-made saliva collection device were developed to collect the watery saliva of E. onukii adults. The proteins were then extracted from the watery saliva using SDT splitting method and FASP (Filter-Aided Sample Preparation) enzymatic hydrolysis method, and then watery saliva proteins were detected by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that a total of 107 peptides and 92 proteins were identified, which could be divided into 7 groups according to their functions, including enzymes, transporter proteins, ion-binding proteins, regulatory proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, non-enzymatic proteins and uncharacterized proteins. In addition, the collected and purified salivary proteins were used to treat the mechanically damaged tea leaves and make comparison with the pure mechanically damaged leaves, the pure saliva-treated leaves, the serum protein treated leaves and E. onukii adults infested leaves. The results show that the saliva protein-treated leaves had the same trends as the leaves damaged by leafhopper, with “Hopperburn” symptoms appearing at 48 h of treatment. While no such symptoms appeared in the other treatments. This study provided some basic information for further understanding of saliva composition of E. onukii and the interaction mechanism between leafhopper saliva protein and tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Dietary Intake Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Tea in Qiandongnan Prefecture WANG Wei, YAN Renyu, LAN Jiyu, HE Jie, PAN Chengdan, HU Yi Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 567-575.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.008 Abstract （690）      PDF（pc） （575KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand the quality and safety of tea in Qiandongnan, the pesticide residues in tea were determined, and the risk factors of pesticide residues detected in tea were analyzed according to dietary exposure assessment and FSA (Food Standards Agency) risk ranking system. The results show that the detection rate of pesticide residues in tea was 54.05%, with 22 kinds of pesticides detected. The detection rate of single pesticide ranged from 0.90% to 31.53%. According to the maximum residue limit of pesticides in foods (GB 2763—2016), the qualified rate is 97.30%. According to the EU standard limit, the qualified rate is 87.39%. The chronic intake risk (% ADI) of the detected pesticides and acute intake risk (%ARfD) were 0.0037%-1.1780% and 0.03%-41.42%, which are acceptable. Based on the pesticide risk ranking, the pesticides at low, medium and high risk levels are 45.45%, 31.82% and 22.73%, with the highest risk of Carbofuran. Therefore, the risk of pesticide residues in this study was within an acceptable range, indicating their quality and safety were good. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1994, 14 (01): 79-.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1994.01.017 Abstract （316）      PDF（pc） （52KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Research on Enzymatic Nature of Polyphenol Oxidase from Trametes Trogii and the Enzymatic Synthesis of Theaflavins LI Shi, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Jian-an, WANG Kun-bo, SHI Ling Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (5): 326-330.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.001 Abstract （511）      PDF（pc） （418KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save ：The investigation on the oxidative preparation in vitro of theaflavin by using the polyphenol oxidase(PPO) from Trametes trogii was conducted. Results showed that the optimum reaction temperature for PPO produced by Trametes trogii was ranged from 28℃to 36℃, and the optimum pH value for PPO was 5.2. The PPO showed higher activity and stability during the first 30 minutes when the reaction temperature was constant. 96.2% PPO could be precipitated from the crude enzyme solution when 50% Ammonium sulfate was added to. Added PPO (from Trametes trogii) to two-liquid-phase of catechin reaction system, the TFs was produced 10.19%. Compared with the contrast (PPO from fresh tea leaves), the total quantity of TFs (PPO from Trametes trogii) was lower,but the ratio of TF-3-G was much higher when PPO come from Trametes trogii, and the content of TF-3-G reached 68.1%. It occupied 92.08% of the total ester TFs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison on Research Methods for Fluoride Uptake Kinetics of Tea Plant ZHANG Lei, RUAN Jian-yuan Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (3): 195-200.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.03.005 Abstract （455）      PDF（pc） （269KB）（405）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L) was employed as a model plant to study fluoride (F) uptake kinetic using both the general depletion and modified depletion methods. General depletion was the method that put the tea into solution of a initial F concentration of 0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L and sampled 2 ml of the solution every 12 h until 84 h. The absorptive quantity was calculated by the difference of F concentration. Modified depletion was the method that put the tea into solution of an initial F concentration of 0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and sampled 2 ml of the solution after 24 h. The absorptive rate was calculated by the difference of F concentration. The results on the kinetic parameter by using of the general depletion were different from those by using the modified depletion method. It is because of the initial F concentration. The modified depletion method was a preferable method and the parameters were much reasonable by using of the plotting method and Sigma Plot than the other method. Result showed that the method Vmax was 2.605(µg/g*h DW) and 3.419(µg/g*h DW), and Km was 0.385 mg/L and 0.541 mg/L respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Study on the Key Technology and Equipment for Low Caffeine Tea Processing SUN Cheng, QUAN Qi-ai, JIN Shou-zhen Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (s1): 68-72.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.s1.013 Abstract （706）      PDF（pc） （152KB）（405）       Knowledge map    Save The technology of de-enzyming of tea leaf by hot water for the purpose of minimizing the caffeine in tea was discussed. Be combined with dehydration, rolling and drying, the tea had the style of the traditional roasting green tea and the caffeine contents were reduced as high as 67%. The major constituents could be as high as 82%. This leaf dredging up machine is characterized by the advantage of simple structure, convenient handing, high rate of taking off caffeine, and saving water and energy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(26) Select Effects of Different Radiation Treatments on The Content of Chemical Components and Quality of Puer-Tea ZHOU Shu-hong, GONG Shu-ying Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 51-56.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.011 Abstract （482）      PDF（pc） （363KB）（405）       Knowledge map    Save Through experiment with treatments of various dosages of radiation and different initial water contents in Puer-tea, it was found that contents of amino acid, tea polyphenols and the oxidation products of polyphenols were increased; oppositely, caffeine and catechins, particularly the compound catechins were decreased; In addition, the radiation treatments had no negative effect on the organoleptic quality of Puer-tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(23) Select Progress in the Prevention of Tea Polyphenols on Alzheimer's Disease and Their Mechanisms WEI Ran, XU Ping, YING Le, WANG Yuefei Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.001 Abstract （878）      PDF（pc） （739KB）（405）       Knowledge map    Save Alzheimer's disease, a kind of neurodegenerative disease, is caused by the abnormal neurons associated with cognitive function, which can lead to the decline of memory, even affect the independent action and swallow. It has been reported that tea polyphenols showed positive effects on Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the accumulation of abnormal proteins, antioxidative, modulating neurotransmitter levels, regulating cell signaling pathways and anti-inflammatory, etc. In the present paper, the prevention of tea polyphenols on Alzheimer's disease was summarized, and their mechanisms were discussed as well. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Light Intensity on Dynamic Changes of Main Biochemical Components of Tea Fermented Leaves YU Luting, YUAN Haibo, WANG Weiwei, CHEN Gensheng, HUA Jinjie, JIANG Yongwen Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (2): 149-159.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.02.005 Abstract （699）      PDF（pc） （1018KB）（404）       Knowledge map    Save By using two leaves and a bud shoot of Fuding Dabai as fresh leaves material, the dynamic effects of six different fermenting light intensities (0 lx, 3 000 lx, 6 000 lx, 9 000 lx, 12 000 lx and 15 000 lx) on major biochemical components of tea fermented leaves were studied. Tea samples were collected every 30 min and the contents of tea polyphenols, flavonoids, total amino acids, soluble protein, soluble sugar, catechin compositions, theaflavins and amino acids were detected. The results showed that with the increasing of fermentation time, the contents of tea polyphenols and catechins compositions decreased gradually. The contents of flavonoids, total amino acids and soluble sugar showed opposite trends. Both the soluble protein and theaflavins components increased at first and then dropped, with its peak at around 120 min. Comparing different light intensity processings, 15 000 lx strong light treatment significantly decreased the contents of tea polyphenols, catechins compositions, the accumulation of flavonoids and the amino acid compositions. The highest contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar were identified in samples under 9 000 lx light treatment. While, the highest contents of theaflavins components and theanine were found in samples under 3 000 lx light treatment. The sensory evaluation also showed that the liquor color and taste of samples under 3 000 lx light treatment got the highest score, indicating a good quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Differences in Composition and Dynamic of Insect and Mite Community among Three Types of Tea Gardens HAN Bao-yu Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (4): 249-254.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.04.003 Abstract （575）      PDF（pc） （271KB）（404）       Knowledge map    Save From July 2002 to July 2003, a survey on the species richness and abundance of insects and mites in the tea plant, the aerial space above the tea plant and on the ground from organic, non-pollution and common tea gardens were conducted in Magushan Mountains in the Southern Anhui Province. In total, 29018 individuals of 79 species from 41 families were recorded from a common tea garden, 35117 individuals of 81 species from 41 families were recorded from a non-pollution tea garden, and 12727 individuals of 102 species from 57 families were recorded from an organic tea garden. The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, abundance and its percentage accounted for the total abundance in organic, non-pollution and common tea garden were 5176 and 40%, 14049 and 40% as well as 17590 and 60%, respectively. Wasps, ground beetles, tiger beetles, rove beetles and ladybugs are the major natural enemies in tea gardens, whose species richness and abundance in organic, non-pollution and common tea garden were 40 and 2620, 33 and 1898 as well as 29 and 1610, respectively. In all the three types of tea gardens, species richness was higher from March to April and from September to October, and was lower from late November to middle January. Insect and mite abundance was high from April to June and from September to October, and was lower from July to August due to the warm weather as well as from December to January due to the cold weather. The abundance in the common tea garden fluctuated more than in other two types of tea gardens. Though the Insect and mite abundance was highest in the non-pollution tea garden, the pests did not cause serious damage because of the appropriate forecast and control. In the organic tea garden, the abundance was the lowest, while the species richness was the highest, and the energy paths were complicated and the community may be stable. At the present stage, most of the organic tea gardens in China are established among the mountains where vegetation is flourishing and biodiversity is high, such ecosystems may enhance natural control. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(18) Select Nonlinear Manifold Dimensionality Reduction Methods for Quick Discrimination of Tea at Different Altitude by Near Infrared Spectroscopy LIU Peng, AI Shirong, YANG Puxiang, LI Wenjin, XIONG Aihua, TONG Yang, HU Xiao, WU Ruimei Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (6): 715-722.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.06.010 Abstract （654）      PDF（pc） （445KB）（404）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the accuracy of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy identification methods for tea at different altitude, the non-linear manifold dimensionality reduction methods of locally linear embedding (LLE) and laplacian eigenmaps (LE) were used to reduce the dimension of NIR spectral data, and compared with non-linear (KPCA) and linear (PCA) dimensional reduction methods. Discrimination models were established for tea at different altitude based on different dimensional reduction methods and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm. Visualization of different dimensionality reduction results show that data processed by KPCA and PCA methods were more discrete. In particular, there were more overlaps between 400-800 m and 800-1 200 m samples. However, the same kind of sample points could be gathered well in three-dimensional space by the nonlinear manifold dimensionality reduction methods can. Tea at different altitude could be easily separated and the aggregation effect of the LE was better than that of the LLE. The results of models indicate the LE_LSSVM model had the best performance, with the prediction set accuracy and Kappa value of 100% and 1.00 respectively. Compared with PCA_LSSVM, KPCA_LSSVM and LLE_LSSVM models, the accuracy of prediction set was improved by 1.7%, 1.7%, 3.3% and Kappa values increased by 0.025, 0.03, and 0.05. The results show that LE and other nonlinear manifold dimensionality reduction methods were effective in reducing dimension of near infrared spectral data, simplifying model complexity, and improving model precision. The study provides a new means for rapid detecting for tea quality research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsSnRK2.1 and CsSnRK2.2 Genes in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) under Abiotic Stress ZHANG Yongheng, WANG Siqing, CHEN Jiangfei, WANG Weidong, ZHOU Tianshan, XIAO Bin, YANG Yajun, YU Youben Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (2): 183-192.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.02.009 Abstract （535）      PDF（pc） （1904KB）（403）       Knowledge map    Save Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase (SnRK) is a kind of serine/threonine protein kinases widely exist in plants. Among them, members of SnRK2 family play a vital role in plant response to stresses. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Camellia sinensis SnRK2 in response to abiotic stresses, two SnRK2 genes from tea plant were cloned and named as CsSnRK2.1 (GenBank accession code: MG026837) and CsSnRK2.2 (GenBank accession code: MF662805) respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that they contained 358 and 337 amino acids respectively, which harbored a conserved ATP binding site and Ser/Thr kinase domain and were highly similar to SnRK2 protein kinase of Arabidopsis thaliana and maize. The expression of CsSnRK2.1 was transiently induced and then decreased by high salinity (100βmmol·L-1 NaCl), drought (20% PEG6000) and ABA(100βμmol·L-1) stress, but showed no significant changes under low (4℃) or high temperature treatments (38℃). By contrast, CsSnRK2.2 was strongly induced by high salt and temperature treatments. The results revealed that CsSnRK2.1 and CsSnRK2.2 might be closely related to stress responses in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1986, 6 (01): 61-64.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1986.01.010 Abstract （318）      PDF（pc） （673KB）（402）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Purification by Affinity Chromatography and Characterization of Tea Leaf -Glucosidase ZHANG Zheng-zhu, WAN Xiao-chun, KANZO Sakata Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (1): 16-22.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.01.004 Abstract （522）      PDF（pc） （762KB）（402）       Knowledge map    Save Two kinds of β-Glucosidases from Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Yabukita were purified by a sophisticate application of affinity chromatography. An affinity adsorbent for β-Glucosidases has been prepared with a positively charged β-glucosylamidine as a ligand in which a glycon moiety is connected via a N-glycoside linkage. The synthesized affinity adsorbent is quite stable under mildly acidic conditions (pH5~6) and can be used up to 20 times over three months without significant affect on the column performance. Two tea leaf β-Glucosidases have been purified to be monomers with molecular mass of 63 and 75 kDa by affinity chromatography at pH6.0 and pH5.0, respectively. The extensive characterization of tea leaf β-Glucosidasse has been reported. Tea aroma precursors such as benzyl, (Z)-3-hexenyl and D-mandelonitrile β-D-glucopyranosides were hydrolyzed by the purified two β-Glucosidases to liberate tea aroma. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Studies on Preparing Theaflavins from Oxidation of Tea Catechins in Vitro WANG Kun-bo, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Jian-an Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (1): 53-59.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.01.011 Abstract （471）      PDF（pc） （362KB）（402）       Knowledge map    Save Preparaing theaflavins from the oxidation of tea catechins in vitro simulated fermentation were studies. Two ways of preparing theaflavins was compared. Results of enzymatic oxidation showed that the highest content of theaflavins (15.05%) was formed at 80 minutes fermentation with polyphenol oxidase. Results of chemical oxidation also showed that the optimum condition for the formation of theaflavins is using the catechins from large-leaf tea plant on the raw material with concentration of 10βmg/ml and the ratio of oxidants in 2:3:1 (catechins:K3Fe(CN)6:NaHCO3). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Theanine and Catechins in Hairy Roots of Camellia sinensis ZHANG Guang-hui, LIANG Yue-rong, LU Jian-liang, DONG Jun-jie Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (4): 305-309.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.04.014 Abstract （480）      PDF（pc） （404KB）（402）       Knowledge map    Save Hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes wild strain 15834 were propagated on LG0 medium and half MS medium containing 1βmg/L IBA to promote rapid growth. Although rapid growth was obtained in half MS media containing 1βmg/L IBA, high content of theanine (23.12βmg/g fresh weight) was only detected in one hairy root clone cultured on LG0 medium and higher than the non-transformed root (18.77βmg/g fresh weight). High content of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine and arginine were also detected in this hairy root clones. Medium constitute also affected the contents of amino acid in hairy root clone, the content of theanine were reduced in two hairy root clones when they were cultivated on half MS with 1βmg/L IBA. Low content of simple catechins, catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC), were also detected in hairy roots. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in the Seed Oilfrom Fujian Tea Germplasm CHANG Yu-xi, ZHENG De-yong, YE Nai-xing, YANG Jiang-fan Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (1): 22-28.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.01.011 Abstract （527）      PDF（pc） （732KB）（401）       Knowledge map    Save The fatty acid compositions of 42 cultivars of tea seeds oil from Fujian province were determined by GC. The results indicated that the average content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was 20.59%, the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was 50.57%, and the PUFA was 28.11%. The DHA with a mean of 0.11% was discovered in tea seeds. The investigated fatty acid compositions of fine cultivars were better than that in local cultivars. The major compositions of tea seeds oil were stearic acid, arachidic acid, palmitic acid and DHA. When 11 kinds of higher contents and special compositions were chosen as principal component analysis. The results showed that tea seeds oil possesses a high level of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and low levels of erucic acid and TFA. The tea seeds showed a potential value in the development of high grade edible oil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(14) Select Study on Effect of Air Inlet Flow Field on the Tea Particles Drift Distance and Quality of Wind-selecting ZHANG Xian, YANG Tao, QIAO Xin, ZHONG Jiang, OU Chang-jing, WANG Shi-feng, ZHAO Zhang-feng Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 60-66.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.006 Abstract （503）      PDF（pc） （730KB）（401）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the quality of tea wind-selecting, the tea particles were approximated as spherical particles, and based on aerodynamics, the movement trajectory and horizontal drift of different weight particles under different inlet flow field (different air velocity distributions) of the tea wind-selecting air inlet, and the effect of air velocity angle on quality of tea wind-selecting are investigated through numerical calculation, being combined with experimental verification. The research showed that the effective drift spacing between particles of different weight is greater than the other air velocity distribution program, in the same wind-selecting room, and the air velocity distribution rising from the top to the bottom. The angel of air velocity direction α=16.3° and air velocity distribution coefficient β=0.17 were regarded as the most favorable air inlet flow field parameters. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimization design of tea wind-selecting machine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Red paleosols and Tea Plant Growth in China LU Jing-gang, WU Jian-jun, ZHAO Dong, TANG Gen-nian Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (2): 87-90.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.02.002 Abstract （684）      PDF（pc） （389KB）（400）       Knowledge map    Save This paper tallied up that the distribution of plinthitic red paleosol is just coincide with the tea in the area north of Yantze River(Fig.1).Moreover, there are two tea areas outside of the red earth zone on the distributional map (Rizhao area in Shangdong Province. And Chayu area in Tibet)。It can be recognized that both of them had been influenced by the red paleosol on the soil property. All of these showed that the red paleosol could promote the tea plant growth.Therefore the influences of the red paleosol should not be negnected on the study of tea garden soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study and Identification on the Aroma Components of the Representative Products of Yingde Black Tea in Guangdong WANG Qiu-shuang, WU Hua-ling, CHEN Dong, XU Yong-quan, YIN Jun-feng, Huang Guo-zi Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (5): 448-456.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.05.002 Abstract （593）      PDF（pc） （691KB）（400）       Knowledge map    Save In the purpose of clarifying the aroma material base different from other black tea in Guangdong Yingde black tea, the determination of main aroma components was conducted, the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine the aroma compounds in Yingde congou black tea-9, Yingde congou black tea-1 and Yingde colony black tea produced in Guangdong province, the Yunnan black tea, Indian Assam black tea and Sri Lanka UVA black tea as the control. The result showed that more than 50 aroma compounds were identified including alcohol, ester, aldehyde, ketones, alkene, hydrocarbon and etc., among which the alcohol was the most important compounds accounting for 67.03% and ester and aldehyde were next to it, accounting for 12.85% and 11.33%. Linalool, methl salicylate, linalool oxide, Nerol and nonanal were the five most important compounds, representing more than 60% of the total aroma. Flower-like and sweet aroma compounds were the main aroma character in Guangdong Yingde black tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(13) Select Analysis of Factors Affecting the Integration Performance of Tea Regional Public Brands——From on the Perspective of Tea Companies LI Daohe, YE Lihong, CHEN Jianghua, LIU Ruo Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 544-554.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200612.001 Abstract （654）      PDF（pc） （318KB）（400）       Knowledge map    Save In order to alleviate the outstanding problem of “One Product with Multiple Brands”, Jiangxi Province implemented a tea brand integration strategy to accelerate the development of the tea industry. Based on the survey data of tea enterprises in Jiangxi Province, this paper empirically analyzed the influencing factors of tea regional public brand integration performance from the perspective of tea enterprises. The results show that the direct effect of policy support on the participation of tea enterprises in regional public brand integration performance did not pass the significance test. Instead, it directly affected the business performance of tea enterprises through acting on the internal management of the company. The policy support helped to promote the internal management of the enterprise. Brand supervision, marketing promotion, industrial development conditions had significant and positive impacts on the regional public brand integration performance of tea companies. Therefore, strengthening the regional public brand supervision, improving product marketing and promotion capabilities, and optimizing the industrial development environment would help improve the business performance of tea companies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Does Digital Capital Influence Consumers to Increase Online Tea Purchases? An Empirical Analysis Based on 4 090 Consumer Samples GAO Feng, XU Jianghong, CHEN Fuqiao Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (6): 870-880.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.06.001 Abstract （352）      PDF（pc） （593KB）（400）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development and widespread application of digital technology, consumer digital capital continues to accumulate, profoundly influencing their choice of shopping channels. Based on survey data from 4 090 tea consumers within the National Tea Industry Technical System, this study measured the consumer digital capital index and employed the ordinary least squares (OLS), instrumental variable (IV), and propensity score matching (PSM) methods to examine the impact of digital capital on consumers' online tea purchases. The research further explored the heterogeneity of this influence across consumers with different characteristics and delved into the moderating effect of digital technology security within this context. It was found that: (1) An increase in consumer digital capital led to higher expenditures on online tea purchases. (2) The impact of digital capital was more pronounced in young people, higher-income groups, and consumers who buy tea for personal consumption. (3) The decision security of digital technology played a positive moderating role in the relationship between digital capital and online tea purchases, particularly transaction security. However, the moderating effect of information security was not significant. In summary, the increase in consumer digital capital is the trend. Tea enterprises should seize the opportunities presented by digital transformation and actively establish online sales channels. The government should provide comprehensive support in terms of policies, funding, and technology for the digital transformation of tea enterprises. Simultaneously, there should be increased supervision of online sales markets to maintain quality and safety, creating a salubrious and well-ordered online tea trading market environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Preparation of Torreya Seed Oil-EGCG Nanoemulsion and Its Effect on the Quality of Salad Dressing and Moon Cakes WANG Yu'an, DU Wenkai, WAN Jinghong, XIE Dongchao, ZHANG Haihua, JIN Peng, DU Qizhen Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 269-282.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.013 Abstract （220）      PDF（pc） （1893KB）（399）       Knowledge map    Save The composite nanoemulsion of torreya oil and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was successfully prepared by ultrasonic emulsification method. The stability of the emulsion with different oil/water ratio and EGCG content was analyzed under different storage temperature and time, and the effect of the nanoemulsion on the quality of salad dressing and moon cake was further studied. The results show that the prepared torreya oil-EGCG nanoemulsion had stable properties (particle size=160-180 nm, PDI<0.2, Zeta potential≈﹣60 mV), and the oil/water ratio and EGCG had no significant effects on stability (P>0.05). Refrigeration and 2.0% EGCG nanoemulsion could reduce the loss of EGCG and inhibit its browning. The sensory quality of salad dressing with 1/10 torreya oil-EGCG nanoemulsion and 0.2% NHDC was improved. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity was significantly increased for prolonged quality stability. The addition of torreya oil-EGCG nanoemulsion can slow down the accumulation of acrylamide and reduce the loss of representative unsaturated fatty acids in moon cake baking. The above results indicate that nanoemulsion has great significance and prospects for development and use in improving food quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1987, 7 (02): 50-51.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1987.02.010 Abstract （387）      PDF（pc） （137KB）（399）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select The Changes of Metabolites during the Withering Process of White Tea Based on HILIC LC-QqQ MS Method CHEN Xiang, TIAN Yueyue, ZHANG Lixia Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (2): 238-249.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.010 Abstract （672）      PDF（pc） （1363KB）（398）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, the metabolic profiles of fresh leaves (F), two indoor withered samples for 29 h (W) and 53 h (P) respectively were investigated by HILIC-QqQ MS based targeted metabolomics. Totally 111 metabolites were detected in the QC sample, including 47 amino acids and their derivatives, 29 nucleic acid metabolites, 12 vitamins and coenzymes, 17 sugar metabolites and 6 glycerophospholipid metabolites. Compared with the fresh leaves (F), 39 and 41 metabolites were significantly increased in withered samples W and P, with 35 overlapped metabolites. On the other hand, 9 and 11 metabolites were dramatically reduced, with 8 overlapped metabolites. The metabolite changes suggested that the cell membranes were damaged, DNA and RNA were degraded, amino acids derivatives were significantly increased and glucose metabolism was abnormal. Furthermore, according to the variations of metabolite contents and compositions, the marker metabolites of the withered leaves were identified which could reflect the physiological states of cell membrane, nucleic acid and glucose metabolism. Eventually, based on the characteristic changes in amino acids and nucleotides, the necessities of characterizing the flavor properties of amino acids and their derivatives as well as exploring the possibility of using metabolic profiling as white tea withering standards were proposed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Fertigation on Young Tea Plant Growth and Nutrient Absorption YANG Qinglin, YANG Xiangde, JI Lingfei, MA Lifeng, RUAN Jianyun Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 96-104.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200117.009 Abstract （596）      PDF（pc） （342KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Save Through field experiment, the effects of fertigation on the growth, nutrient absorption and quality components of young tea plants of Longjing43 and Baiye 1 were studied. We also compared the input costs under different fertilization patterns. The results show that the tea plant growth including tree height, trunk diameter and canopy width increased significantly under fertigation, even if the chemical fertilizer was reduced by 25%, compared with conventional furrow fertilization, and pruning biomass and nutrient uptake also increased significantly. At the same time, nutrient leakage loss was significantly reduced and nutrient use efficiency was improved. From the analysis of the times of fertigation, it could achieve better results by applying fertilizer 7 times per year under the experimental conditions for Longjing 43, and 14 times per year for Baiye 1. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Mechanism and Research Progress of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Improving Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease CHEN Jiaxin, ZHANG Jinjia, ZUO Huiling, JIAO Yuhang, SHI Anhua Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 543-553.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.003 Abstract （339）      PDF（pc） （655KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Save The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing year by year and there is no specific drug available. The active ingredient of green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has been widely proven to have a favorable ameliorative effect on NAFLD in the low dose range. Some of the mechanisms by which EGCG delays the development of NAFLD through anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, inhibition of iron death, reduction of lipogenesis, up-regulation of autophagy, modulation of intestinal flora, and reduction of bile acid metabolism were summarized in this paper, so as to provide insights for in-depth research on improving NAFLD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis on Aromatic Constituents of Fragrant Flower [Chimonathus praecox (L.)Link] in Aroma Releasing XIE Chao, WANG Jian-hui, GONG Zheng-li Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (4): 282-288.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.04.002 Abstract （505）      PDF（pc） （465KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Save The change of essential oil which extracted by SDE method was studied by the gas chromatography (GC), GC/MS and evaluation methods during Lamei [Chimonathus praecox (L.) Link] blooming. The number and content of fragrant components of essential oil were changed during aroma releasing. Results showed 26, 37, 43, 49 aromatic components in Lamei were identified by GC/MS data during the following four stages (bud, early spread, spread, blooming). In compared with the unbloomed bud, the content of alkyl compounds raised 0.590, 7.152 and 13.820 times and the alkenes compounds raised 0.424, 1.078 and 4.286 times, the alcohol compounds raised 0.895, 3.324 and 5.091 times and the ester compounds raised 1.071, 2.182 and 15.101 times, respectively with the increase of opening of Lamei flower. The ketone compounds were appeared only during the later period of blooming. The content of ketone were increased steadily during the full blooming period and was 12.3 times higher than that in spreading flowerperiod. Organoleptic evaluation showed that the Lamei buds expressed a low aroma and with green grass taste, and the specific aroma was only appeared during the flower-spreading period. It is characteized that the intensity of aroma was increased from low to high with the increasing of the flower opening. On the basis of above experiments results, the trend of fragrant components’ content by GC and GC/MS method and the results from organoleptic evaluation method were similar. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Fluorine Subcellular Distribution and Its Combining Characteristics with Cell Wall in Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) LIU Siyi, ZHU Xiaojing, FANG Fengxiang, ZHANG Haojie, QIU Andong, CHEN Yuqiong* Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 305-312.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.011 Abstract （633）      PDF（pc） （725KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a hyper-accumulator of fluorine (F) and its leaves are the main accumulating tissue. In this paper, the F subcellular distribution and its binding characteristics with cell wall in tea leaves were investigated to explore the characteristics of F accumulating in tea leaves. The results showed that most of the F was distributed in the cell wall (39.74%-56.49%) and soluble fraction (28.35%-37.32%) of leaves. Pectin and hemicellulose are the main components of F enrichment and accumulated more than 90% of F in cell wall. There is a significant and positive correlation between Mn2+, Ca2+, Al3+ and F. The contents of F and metal elements (Mn2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Al3+) reduced significantly in methylation and esterification cell wall while changed little in enzymolysis cell wall. These suggested that -NH2 and -COOH might play an important role in the combination of F and cell wall, while the molecule weights of pectin and cellulose played little role. Cell wall and soluble fraction are the main sites to store F where F might be combined with -OH, -NH2 and -COOH in the form of hydrogen bonds or with metal elements in the form of ionic bonds. F might be fixed in cell wall and vacuolar as the main defense mechanism of tea plant against F toxicity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Construction and Expression of Fusion Protein Eukaryotic Expression Vector of Polyphenol Oxidase Gene of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) WANG Nai-dong, ZHANG Li-xia, HUANG Xiao-qin, HAN Xiao-yang, LI Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (3): 269-275.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.03.012 Abstract （537）      PDF（pc） （652KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) cds sequence was amplified by PCR from the genome of Yingshuang tea plant with the high fidelity polymerase pfu. The cds sequence was recombinanted into the eukaryotic expression vector pPICZa with the designed primer, and the fusion protein eukaryotic expression vector of tea polyphenol oxidase “pPICZa-PPO” was succeeded to be constructed, and then it was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115. Therefore, several positive converters were screened. After those positive converters were induced by methanol,the target protein was successfully detected in the culture medium by using Western-Blotting method. The detection result of enzyme activity showed that the induced products had a relatively high enzyme activity and can correctly play their biological activity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 124-129.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.011 Abstract （414）      PDF（pc） （127KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of the Aroma Components in the Pile-Fermentation of Small Leaf Tea Picked in Summer and Autumn JIN Dong-shuang, GONG Shu-ying, LIN Yu-hao, ZHANG Ying-bin, GU Zhi-lei, WANG Hai-jian Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (2): 111-119.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.005 Abstract （532）      PDF（pc） （329KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save The pile-fermentation experiment was conducted in Zhejiang province by using the sun-dried raw green tea processed by the summer/autumn small leaf tea plant. The aroma components of the tea sampled in different pile-fermentation time were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS (Headspace-Solid-phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Resulted showed that eight groups of aroma components were identified, which were terpene and derivatives, hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and acids. The main components among them were terpenes and derivatives the contents was up to 70.20% in the finished products. The maximum value of types (totally 47 kinds of compounds) of aroma was on the tenth day and the relative content was maximum (95.78%) on the fifth day after pile-fermentation. Those the components related to the sweet aroma were 3-Octanone, 3-Carene, Selinene and etc, which increasd when the sweet aroma improved. Some new components were detected in the finished products, such as Hexanal, methyl-Cyclopentane, Heptanol, 2-Pentyl-Furan, Isophoron, and others. The characteristic aroma components of the small-leaf pile-fermented tea were includeα-Cedrene, β-Cedrene, α-Gurjunene, β-Cyclocitral,β-Ionone, Cedrol, etc, especially terpene and derivatives. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Detection of 18 Prohibited Additives in Health-Protecting Tea by QuEChERS Method and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry GAN Ninglan, ZHU Xiaojun, LI Jieli, ZHOU Wei, LIU Changyu Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (2): 237-250.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.02.006 Abstract （591）      PDF（pc） （530KB）（395）       Knowledge map    Save A method for the simultaneous determination of Sibutramine and other 18 prohibited additives in health-protecting tea by ultra high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established．Samples were extracted by ultrasonic extraction from 1% formic acid methanol solution for 20 min and purified by QuEChERS dispersive solid-phase extraction kit. The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.2 mL·min-1 flow gradient elution was used in Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus-C18 column．Electrospray ion source positive ion scanning, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were determined and external standard method was used for quantification. The results show that the linearity of 18 kinds of illegal additives was good, with the correlation coefficient more than 0.999. The detection limit was 0.5-5.0 μg·kg-1. The quantitative limit of the method was 2-18 μg·kg-1. RSD was 0.5%-5.1% and the recovery rate was 87.3%-103.8%. This method was used to analyze 30 batches of health-protecting tea samples, of which 7 batches were positive samples. This method has strong pertinence,simple operation, high accuracy and fast detection speed. It is suitable for the determination of 18 kinds of forbidden additives in health-protecting tea. This paper also provided a scientific basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of health-protecting tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1991, 11 (S1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1991.02.001 Abstract （400）      PDF（pc） （404KB）（395）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1966, 3 (01): 26-.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1966.01.005 Abstract （838）      PDF（pc） （80KB）（395）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1964, 1 (01): 62-70.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1964.01.010 Abstract （427）      PDF（pc） （357KB）（395）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Quality of Five Huangjincha Related Cultivars CHEN Yuhong, HUANG Feiyi, LEI Yu, DUAN Jihua, DING Ding, KANG Yanka, LUO Yi, LIU Panpan, LI Saijun, GONG Ziming Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (3): 309-317.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.03.008 Abstract （1712）      PDF（pc） （404KB）（394）    PDF（mobile） （404KB）（29）    Knowledge map    Save The variations of main biochemical components and green tea qualities of five cultivars including Huangjincha population cultivar, Baojing Huangjincha 1, Huangjincha 2, Huangjincha 8 and Huangjincha 168 were studied by physical and chemical inspection and sensory testing. The results showed that tea samples of all cultivars contained abundant quantities of water extract, tea polyphenol, amino acids, caffeine and catechins ranging from 36.42% to 40.17%, 20.79% to 29.89%, 3.03% to 6.31%, 3.82% to 4.57%, and 8.31% to 14.90%. A total of 47, 30, 40, 43 and 46 aroma constituents were identified in the Huangjincha population cultivar, Baojing Huangjincha 1, Huangjincha 2, Huangjincha 8 and Huangjincha 168, respectively, which included 18 common components with the major aroma compound alcohols. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that five cultivars such as Huangjincha population cultivar are suitable for the production of excellent green tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Method for Determination of Imidacloprid Residue in Tea with HPLC-UV WANG Xiao-hui, WAN Xiao-chun, HOU Ru-yan Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (3): 203-209.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.03.008 Abstract （518）      PDF（pc） （668KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save A method for the analysis of imidacloprid residue in tea by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector was established. Through the comparation of extract efficiencies of several solvent and the clean-up capacities of different SPE cartridges, the results show that after soaked with water, extracted by acetonitrile, cleaned up with the Envi-Carb/PSA cartridge, imidacloprid was eluted with 6mL acetonitrile solution from the cartridge and detected with HPLC, the samples was spiked at the level of 0.025~0.250mg/kg, and the recovery of Imidacloprid range from 92.0%~97.6% with RSD less than 3.8%. Practical determination limit was 0.025mg/kg. It meet with the analytical requirements to imidacloprid residue in exported tea. The pretreatment method was simple, sensitive and less organic solvent consumption. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Influence of Drip Irrigated Fertilization on Tea Yields, Quality and Soil Nutrient Effect TANG Hao, WU Jia-yao, LI Jian-long, WU Li-rong, TANG Jing-chi Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 85-90.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.011 Abstract （457）      PDF（pc） （527KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of drip irrigated fertilization on tea yields, quality and soil character on three different nitrogen(N) application treatments (450βkg/hm2, 300βkg/hm2, 150βkg/hm2)were conducted and by using the conventional fertilization as the control. The results showed that compared with the control, drip irigated fertilization increased tea production significantly by 3.4%~9.3%, it showed a positive correlation between nitrogen application rate and tea yields, a higher production was obtained in the treatment of annual nitrogen input of 300~450βkg/hm2 the drop irigated fertilization showed a insignificant impact on the tea quality. As mature leaf nitrogen content is concerned, drip irrigated fertilization treatment were significantly higher than control, indicating use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was higher than that of control, nitrogen content of mature leaf with significant seasonal variations, the highest in autumn tea, summer tea the second, spring tea the minimum. The drip irrigated fertilization promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen for tea plant. Different fertilization treatments effected on soil pH significantly, soil pH in drip irrigated fertilization treatment was higher than that of control, probably that the higher nitrogen utilization is helpful in weakening the soil acidification caused by in organic nitrogen. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Optimization of Technical Parameters for Chemical Synthesis of Theasinensin A by PBD and RSM ZHANG Jianyong, CHEN Lin, CUI Hongchun, WANG Weiwei, XUE Jinjin, XIONG Chunhua, JIANG Heyuan Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (1): 51-62.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200117.002 Abstract （682）      PDF（pc） （658KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of chemical synthesis conditions on the yield of theasinensin A was studied. Key factors for chemical synthesis of theasinensin A (TSA) were determined by single factor test and Plackett-Burman Design (PBD). The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the technical parameters for the chemical synthesis. The experiment results indicate that the effects of copper oxide content, methanol content and temperature on the yield were extremely significant. The main factors were methanol content, next copper oxide content, and then temperature. The optimal conditions were as follows: copper chloride content 43%, methanol content 26%, and temperature 15℃. Under these conditions, the yield of TSA was 59.12%, which was close to the predicted value of 59.34%. The combination of PBD and RSM to optimize the chemical synthesis of TSA achieved ideal result, which could provide reference and theoretical basis for the efficient chemical synthesis of other catechin oxidation polymers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (S1): 131-136.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.s1.011 Abstract （365）      PDF（pc） （107KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select The Brick Tea from the Perspective of Social Science DUAN Ji-ye Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (2): 143-151.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.02.011 Abstract （538）      PDF（pc） （436KB）（393）       Knowledge map    Save This article summarized the major producing area and five selling pathway of brick tea. It is the first time in trying to intergrate our familiar Tea-Horse Road and Tea Route into the concept of “brick road”. The paper regarded the special status of brick tea in the northern ethnic minority areas is established by these factors such as the biological characteristics of brick tea itself, the economic and cultural characteristics and so on. The paper highlighted that brick tea possesses significant social functions. Around the production, long-distance transport and marketing of the brick tea, national association between the mainland and the northwest minority areas formed for thousands of years, producing the famous “Tea-horse Trade” economy and “Frontier tea” politics, creating the reputation abroad of the “Tea-Horse Route” and “Tea Route” culture. What's more, the brick tea also played a fundamental role in the formation of the northwest ethnic relations, town, political governance and brick tea culture. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Aroma Profiling of Tieguanyin Oolong Tea with Different Flavor Characteristics Based on Chemical Pattern Recognition CHEN Lin, LIN Qingxia, ZHANG Yinggen, CHEN Jian, WANG Lili, YU Wenquan, YOU Zhiming Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (3): 253-262.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.03.005 Abstract （901）      PDF（pc） （1244KB）（393）       Knowledge map    Save According to the current national standards, Tieguanyin Oolong teas would be classified into three flavor types, Fresh-scent, Strong-scent and Stale-scent. In this experiment, Tieguanyin collected from their original regions (Anxi County) were categorized into several groups by preliminary sensory evaluation. Thereafter, aroma components in these tea samples were determined using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), and their differences between new Tieguanyin (less than one year storage) with different flavor characteristics and old Tieguanyin (more than one year storage) with different storage time and quality ranks were compared through visual pattern recognition based on principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) combined with other statistical methods. The results showed that aroma patterns of all tea samples could be obviously divided into two groups according to storage time. The total amount of aroma compounds was more abundant in new Tieguanyin than that of old Tieguanyin. Alcohols, esters and alkenes were the main compounds which contributed to the new fresh-scent flavor of new Tieguanyin, and aldehydes and ketones were the characteristic compounds of stale-scent flavor in old Tieguanyin. Nerolidol, indole, α-farnesene, 2-phenylethyl 2-methylbutanoate, cis-3-hexenyl hexanoate, formic acid, (2-methylphenyl) methyl ester, phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl isobutyrate, 2-tolylisocyanide, isopentyl hexanoate and geranyl acetone could be considered as the key markers to discriminate the two types of Tieguanyin. Moreover, new Tieguanyin could be also classified as Group 1 (Long-time withering), Group 2 (Medium-time withering and Short-time withering), and Group 3 (Strong-scent) based on their aroma constitutes. Aroma components were richer in tea samples from both Group 1 and Group 3 than those from Group 2. The acidic flavor of tea samples from Long-time withering was closely associated with ester compounds, while aroma components of tea samples from Strong-scent were mostly condensed compounds with long carbon chains. No obvious differences could be detected in old Tieguanyin, which had different storage time, but there were some potential differences among tea samples with high quality ranks. Tieguanyin of excellent sensory quality were relatively abundant in ester compounds, and low in contents of aldehydes and ketones. These results could provide references for classification, identification and quality evaluation of Tieguanyin products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Calculation and Analysis on Mechanism of Winding Grass for Tea Cultivation Machinery XU Liang Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (4): 396-400.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.04.012 Abstract （436）      PDF（pc） （636KB）（393）       Knowledge map    Save Guizhou is a large tea-producing province, tea garden management cultivation machinery is widely used by tea farmers, and weeding is an important part in tea field management. During field experiment, it was found that winding grass on cultivating machine is a common problem during appliation. This paper conducted on the investigation on the species and length of weed in tea garden of Guizhou province, and analyze the grass winding phenomenon. Through the mechanical analysis and calculation of weed winding, the mathematical model of winding force was established. Based on the analysis of mathematical model, the measures and methods for reducing winding grass are finally concluded. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Quantitative Detection of β-glucosidase, β-primeverosidase Gene Expressions in Different Leaves of Tea Plantby Real-Time PCR Analysis ZHAO Li-ping, CHEN Liang, WANG Xin-chao, YAO Ming-zhe Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 11-16.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.002 Abstract （483）      PDF（pc） （455KB）（391）       Knowledge map    Save β-glucosidase and β-primeverosidase are considered the most important genes related to made tea aroma. An absolute quantification method for gene expression in tea plant using real-time PCR analysis was established and, the expression of β-glucosidase and β-primeverosidase genes in different leaves of Longjing 43 young shoot were determined using this method. The results indicate that the fourth leaf of the ‘five and a bud’ shoot has the highest copy number of β-glucosidase mRNA, which is 2.86E+08 copies/μl, the 4th leaf>the 3rd leaf>the 5th leaf>the 2nd leaf>one and a bud. And the highest β-primeverosidase expression is in the one and a bud, corresponding to 4.31E+06 copies/μl, one and a bud>the 2nd leaf>the 3rd>the 4th leaf> the 5th leaf. The expression intensity and pattern of these genes, which are closely related to tea aroma, are different in the young shoot. The results illuminate that the new developed method could be effectively used to detect gene expression quantitatively in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances on Flavor Chemical Characteristics of Solarization Tea XIE Chenxin, ZHAO Feng, LIN Yu, CAI Liangsui, LIN Zhi, GUO Li Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 554-564.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.014 Abstract （310）      PDF（pc） （502KB）（391）       Knowledge map    Save Tea withering or drying with solarization is beneficial to save a lot of energy cost and contribute to the unique flavor formation. In this paper, the advances of solarization tea were reviewed from the aspects of flavor quality characteristics, flavor chemical characteristics, technical and environmental factors affecting their formation. Linalool, geranyl, 1-octene-3-ol and capric aldehyde are the key aroma components of solarization tea, among which 1-octene-3-ol and 1-octene-3-one may be related to sun exposure flavor. Reasonable use of environmental factors such as sunlight and air humidity is a basic requirement for processing high-quality solarization tea. On this basis, the development of technology upgrading and theoretical research for solarization tea was prospected from the technical, theoretical and industrial levels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Organic Management Mode on Soil Fungal Community Structure and Functions in Tea Gardens WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, WU Zhidan, YOU Zhiming, YU Wenquan, YU Xiaomin, YANG Zhenbiao Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (5): 672-688.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.008 Abstract （513）      PDF（pc） （1137KB）（391）       Knowledge map    Save To study the soil fungal community compositions and functional groups under different management practices and slope positions, soil samples derived from the topsoil (0-20 cm) were collected from the upper, middle, and lower slope positions of conventional and organic tea gardens. High-throughput sequencing, functional predictions and the molecular ecological network analysis were performed to investigate the community structures, functional groups and ecological network of soil fungi, respectively. The two-way ANOVA including management practices and slope positions showed that the two-way interaction had no effect on the soil fungal community α-diversity. Regardless of the management practices and the slope positions, the predominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Management practices did not change the compositions of dominant fungal species, but affected their relative abundance. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) shows that the soil fungal community structures differed significantly among different management practices. The community structures of soil fungi at different slope positions were noticeably different under the conventional planting pattern (P<0.05), but were similar under the organic planting pattern (P>0.05). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis shows that 37 biomarkers were very sensitive to the changes in the management, with different management practices enriching for different fungal populations. The numbers of degree, clustering, edges, degree centrality and closeness centrality of the fungal interaction network under the organic planting pattern were all higher than those under the conventional planting pattern, indicating that the fungal networks were more complex in the organic tea garden. Saprotrophic fungi were the dominant fungal group across all tea gardens (66.67%~70.18%). The effects of the management practices on soil fungal functions were obvious. Compared to those under the conventional planting pattern, the average abundance of endophyte-litter saprotroph-soil saprotroph, wood saprotroph and animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph significantly increased, but the average abundance of undefined saprotroph, plant pathogen and animal pathogen-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph remarkably decreased. The spearman correlation analysis and the redundancy analysis (RDA) show that soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and pH were the main factors affecting the abundance and diversity of the soil fungal community. Organic planting drastically changes the structure and the compositions of the soil fungal community, enhances fungal network complexity and stability, and thus is beneficial to maintain the sustainable ecosystem in tea garden soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select ISSR Markers for Discriminating Tea Germplasm Resources from Yunnan Province LIU Ben-ying, WANG Li-yuan, LI You-yong, TANG Yi-chun, HE Wei, CHENG Hao, WANG Ping-sheng Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (5): 355-364.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.5.005 Abstract （486）      PDF（pc） （598KB）（390）       Knowledge map    Save It was of much importance using minimum primers to obtain the maximum identification ability．Molecular identification of 134 tea germplasm resources using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers was conducted in this study. There were 3 independent ways to identify tea germplasms: a) unique ISSR markers;b) unique band patterns and c) a combination of the band patterns provided by different primers．The result showed that the presence of 10 unique ISSR markers and the absence of 15 unique markers obtained from 12 primers made it possible to identify 21 tea germplasms, including ‘Xiangzhuqingdashancha’ and so on. Using 54 unique band patterns of primer UBC811 could identify 35 tea germplasms, including ‘Hainandayecha 1’ and so on. A1l the 134 tea germplasms could be entirely identified by the band patterns combination of primer UBC811, UBC835, ISSR2 and ISSR3, which was successfully used to construct the ISSR fingerprinting for discriminating 134 tea germplasms from Yunnan Province. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(16) Select Effect of Cold Acclimation and ABA on Cold Hardiness, Contents of Proline in Tea Plants YANG Ya-jun, ZHEN Lei-ying, WANG Xin-chao Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (3): 177-182.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.03.006 Abstract （621）      PDF（pc） （158KB）（390）       Knowledge map    Save Effect of cold acclimation and ABA on cold hardiness resistance, contents of proline in tea plants was studied. The results showed that through cold acclimation and ABA treatment, the cold hardiness of tea plants was changed greatly during the process of acclimation to deacclimation, showing a trend from low to high then to low again. And ascertain 7℃and 9℃are the crucial temperature to finish acclimation or start declimation respectively.On the other hand, it can be concluded that the rising degree of cold hardiness resistance was lower during artificial or ABA treatment than that of natural cold acclimation. At the same time, changes of Proline content weren’t regular,the relationship between proline content and cold hardiness resistance was insignificant. It implied that changes of proline content during cold acclimation were an integrative response in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(53) Select Application of Fingerprint Technique in Tea Research LIU Ying, WU Shu-guang, YIN Zhou, WU Guang-hong, CAO Li-fen Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 13-20.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.009 Abstract （652）      PDF（pc） （593KB）（390）       Knowledge map    Save Chaotic market situation was formed for identifying the quality of tea difficultly, which affected the modern development of tea industry.In recent years, more and more application to sensory evaluation, quality control and geographical origin determination of tea was studied by fingerprinting techniques, which provides effective technical support for the identification of the quality of tea. The methods of fingerprint technique were reviewed in this paper, including fingerprintings based on gas chromatography(GC), liquid chromatography(LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), infrared （IR）and near-infrared （NIR）spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), etc. The problem of the fingerprint in tea applications were analyzed, and the development in tea was predicted in the paper, The article also gives a theoretical basis and reference for further studies of the fingerprint in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(14) Select Cloning of a MADS-box Transcription Factor Gene from Camellia sinensis and its Response to Abiotic Stresses SHEN Wei, TENG Ruimin, LI Hui, LIU Zhiwei, WANG Yongxin, WANG Wenli, ZHUANG Jing Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 575-585.   Abstract （430）      PDF（pc） （806KB）（390）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, based on the transcriptome database of tea plant, the CsMADS1 gene was cloned from cDNA of ‘Longjing43’ by RT-PCR method. The length of open reading frame of CsMADS1 gene was 657βbp, encoding 218 amino acids, which was a typical transcription factor of MADS-box family. Multiple alignments of CsMADS1 with related species showed that the identity of them was 65.65%, with a highly conserved MADS domain and a semi-conserved K domain. The physicochemical properties, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, subcellular localization, disordered feature, secondary and tertiary structure were also analyzed. CsMADS1 transcription factor is a hydrophilic protein, may be located in nucleus. The disordered feature of CsMADS1 protein was obvious, which was mainly composed of alpha helix structure, and had similar tertiary structure with MEF2 of human. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to analyze the expression profiles of the CsMADS1 gene under abiotic stress treatments of tea cultivar ‘Longjing43’. The results showed that the CsMADS1 gene responded to high and low temperatures, drought and high salinity. Different expression patterns of CsMADS1 gene were observed under those abiotic stress treatments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Protective Effect of Tea Polysaccharides on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury in Mice FANG Wei, CHEN Yan, SUN Yu-jun Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (1): 67-71.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.01.012 Abstract （408）      PDF（pc） （421KB）（389）       Knowledge map    Save A polysaccharide named TPS-II was isolated from the water extraction of Liu’an Roasted Green Tea and purified by chromatography. The homogeneity of TPS-II was identified, its protective effect on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in mice was investigated. Results indicated that the molecular weight of TPS-II is about 1.01×105, whose total content of saccharide and protein were 85.30% and 2.80% respectively, and its protective effect against CCl4 induced acute liver injury is significant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Effects of Anaerobic Treatment on Amino Acid Composition and Biological Activities of Different Type Teas YANG Gaozhong, PENG Qunhua, ZHANG Yue, SHI Jiang, LIN Zhi, LÜ Haipeng Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (2): 222-232.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.002 Abstract （502）      PDF（pc） （921KB）（388）       Knowledge map    Save The same batch of fresh tea leaves after 7 hours anaerobic treatment was processed into green tea, white tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark raw tea according to different processing technologies. The amino acid composition and content, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity were determined, and their antioxidant activities were also measured by determining cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging capacity, superoxide anion radical absorbance capacity, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results show that the composition and content of free amino acids in different types of teas varied significantly which were processed after anaerobic treatment, and especially the content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) increased significantly. The highest GABA content was found in green tea (2.21 mg·g-1), followed by oolong tea (2.19 mg·g-1), while the lowest in black tea (0.86 mg·g-1). Moreover, green tea and dark raw tea showed the strongest inhibition rate of ACE (35.7% and 37.2%, respectively), while black tea showed the weakest inhibitory activity against ACE (23.8%). Additionally, it was found that green tea had the strongest antioxidant activity among the different types of teas processed from the same fresh tea leaves after anaerobic treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Separation and Stability Analysis of Thearubigins LI Shan, CHEN Xiaoqiang, HUA Jinjie, LI Jia, DONG Chunwang, WANG Yincheng, JIANG Yongwen, YUAN Haibo Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (2): 201-210.   Abstract （599）      PDF（pc） （1000KB）（388）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, thearubigins were extracted by organic extraction, and purified by reversed-phase C18 column chromatography to obtain three types of thearubigins, namely ethyl acetate, n-butanol and acid n-butanol extracts. The stability of thearubigins under different conditions was analyzed by scanning UV-Vis absorption wavelength based on color difference. The results showed that there was no caffeine and theaflavins, but only a small amount of catechins were detected in the three kinds of thearubigins after 30%, 50% and 70% methanol gradient elution. The color values of thearubigins after purification were 128.04 for ethyl acetate extracts, 91.04 for n-butanol extracts and 76.16 for acidic n-butanol extracts. Shading treatment, pH=3 acidic conditions and temperature below 45℃will facilitate the stability of thearubigins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 61-.   Abstract （282）      PDF（pc） （15KB）（388）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Composite-enzymolysis Assisted Ethanol Extraction of Tea Polyphenols XIE Lan-hua, XIAO Nan, ZHANG Jia-yi, JIANG Dong-wen, DU Bing, YANG Gong-ming Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (1): 27-33.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.01.001 Abstract （649）      PDF（pc） （624KB）（388）       Knowledge map    Save Composite-enzymolysis assisted ethanol extraction of tea polyphenols from Danzong-tea was optimized in this investigation. The effects of factors including enzymolysis temperature, enzyme content, enzymolysis pH, enzymolysis time, ethanol concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction temperature, extraction time on the extraction rates of tea polyphenols were explored by single-factor and orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were after enzyming pretreatment in the conditions of enzymatic content 3.5%, enzymolysis temperature 60℃, enzymolysis pH 4.8, enzymolysis time 3 h, then 60% ethanol to extract for 1.5 h with extraction temperature70℃ and solid-to-liquid ratio 1︰50, tea polyphenols extraction in Danzong-tea was up to 25.82% and ncreased 69.87% compared with the traditional water extraction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 166-169+174.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.021 Abstract （487）      PDF（pc） （80KB）（388）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1999, 19 (02): 110-114.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1999.01.005 Abstract （288）      PDF（pc） （2688KB）（387）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Construction of E. coli Recombinant Engineered Strain for Theanine Biosynthesis with GS Gene Embedded ZHU Wen-xian, LI Xing-hui, WANG Li-yuan, FANG Wan-ping, CHENG Hao Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (4): 242-248.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.04.012 Abstract （425）      PDF（pc） （593KB）（387）       Knowledge map    Save An experiment on the construction of E. coli recombinant strain for theanine biosynthesis with GS gene embedded was reported. In this experiment, Glutamine Synthetase gene in E. coli BL21 was ligated with the pET32a vector in order to produce theanine. The ligation product was transformed to E. coli BL21 and the engineered E. coli strain was constructed successfully. The glutamine Synthetase was expressed with induction of 0.1 mmol/L IPTG in 28℃. The activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase of the engineered strain of fresh E. coil engineered strain reached 41.79 U /mg prot, and was 126.64 times higher than that of the original strain one and the yield of theanine from L-Gln and ethylamine was 6.3 mg/ml. The ability of theanine biosynthesis of recombinant was enhanced obviously compared with that of original E. coli BL21. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Changes of Aroma Constituents during Zuoqing Procedure and Its Relation to Oolong Tea Quality HUANG Fu-ping, CHEN Rong-bin, LIANG Yue-rong, CHEN Wei, LU Jiang-lian, CHEN Chang-song, YOU Xiao-mei Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 31-37.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.007 Abstract （601）      PDF（pc） （353KB）（387）       Knowledge map    Save Changes of aroma constituents during Zuoqing procedure and their relation to Oolong tea quality were studied by GC/MS analysis by using the shoots of Camellia sinensis Var. Wuyi Rougui. The results indicated that the concentration of essential constituents such as hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal 1-pentanol, linalool oxide(I), linalool oxide(II), (z)-hexanoic,3-hexenyl ester+benzeneacetaldehyde, .α-farnesene, geraniol, phenylethyl alcohol, β-ionone, jasmone, nerolidol, indole increased with the increasing of the intensity of Zuoqing treatment, which resulted in the improvement of Oolong tea quality. It was also shown that nerolidol was the characteristic aroma consituent of Fujian Oolong tea and it can be used as one of indicators of the quality of Rougui Oolong tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(22) Select Study on Physiological Characteristics of Leaves with Different Colors of ‘Huangjinya’ FAN Yangen, ZHAO Xiuxiu, WANG Hanyue, TIAN Yueyue, XIANG Qinzeng, ZHANG Lixia Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 530-536.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.004 Abstract （1056）      PDF（pc） （410KB）（387）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen suitable materials for studying the molecular mechanism of ‘Huangjinya’, the spring shoots of ‘Huangjinya’ were treated with double shading (average light intensity of 10βklx), single shading (average light intensity of 40βklx) and non-shading. And three new shoots, light green (H1W), light yellow (H4W) and bright yellow (Hs), were obtained. At the same time, the second leaf under bud was selected as material with ‘Fudingdabai’ green shoot (CKf) as control. The content of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen-and histochemical localization, antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic response curve, chlorophyll fluorescence and other physiological indicators of leaves were measured and the structure of chloroplast membrane system was observed. The results show that The H2O2, O2- contents, Fv/Fm value and chloroplast membrane system of light yellow leaf H4W were similar to those of light green leaf H1W, which were in a stress-free state. At the same time, the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of light yellow leaf H4W and bright yellow leaf Hs were similar. There were no significant differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic indexes such as ΦPSⅡ, qP, light saturation point and light compensation point, and the characteristics of light response curve were similar. Because of the above physiological characteristics of light yellow leaf H4W, it could be used as the research material to explore the molecular mechanism of yellowing of golden bud tea varieties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Status of the Total Amount of Rare Earth Oxides in Tea and Its Leaching Characteristics SHI Yuan-zhi, HAN Wen-yan, MA Li-feng, FANG Li Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (4): 349-354.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.04.011 Abstract （429）      PDF（pc） （386KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save In order to figure out the status of total amount of REE oxides（∑REOs） in tea and its leaching characteristics, the statues of ∑REOs in 1245 tea samples from 2007 to 2010 were statistical analyzed, and the leaching characteristics on the different ∑REOs with different processing technology were studied. The results showed that the Median of the ∑REOs in Chinese tea was about 2mg/kg, and the ranges were from ND to 13.80mg/kg, about over 90% of tea were under 5mg/kg. The ∑REOs in over half of Oolong teas were more than 2mg/kg, but for the other tea such as green tea, scented tea, less than 30% of those teas were more than 2mg/kg. When the tea was grinded, the leaching rate of the ∑REOs was increased significantly than the original tea. And the processing technology maybe was the major factor to impact on the leaching rate of the ∑REOs. There were some rules about the leaching rate followed by low to high: needle-shaped tea< flat-shaped tea (such as Longjin tea)< Curl-shaped tea < powdered tea. The ∑REOs was highest in the first brew, and then was decreased along with the 2nd and the 3rd brews. The Powdered Oolong tea has the highest leaching rate about the ∑REOs, the leaching rate was about 60%, but even the ∑REOs in the powdered Oolong tea has reached to 6mg/kg,the ∑REOs in the brew still under the limited value about the standard in drinking water. The needle-shaped tea has the lowest leaching rate about the Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Genetic Diversity Analysis of Tea Genetic Resources in Sanjiang, Guangxi MENG Rongjun, CHEN Liang, XU Yuan, LIN Wei, ZHOU Qiwei, XIE Yilin, LAI Dingqing, LAI Jiaye Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (2): 147-158.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.02.009 Abstract （545）      PDF（pc） （2499KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the genetic diversity of tea genetic resources in Sanjiang, Guangxi, two marker techniques, simple inter-repeat sequence amplification (ISSR) and correlated sequence amplification polymorphism (SRAP) were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 72 local tea genetic resources and five introduced cultivars in Sanjiang region. The results of both marker techniques show high levels of genetic diversity (H=0.30, I=0.44), high genetic differentiation between populations (Gst=0.056) and gene flow (Nm=8.64). The genetic variation observed within populations was much higher than that between populations. The cluster analysis shows that most of the tea genetic resources in Sanjiang were clustered into one group and the introduced cultivars were clustered into the other, which was consistent with the results of PCoA. This study provided evidence at the molecular level for the protection and utilization of tea germplasmin Sanjiang. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (01): 21-25.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.01.006 Abstract （271）      PDF（pc） （1739KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1999, 19 (02): 139-144.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1999.01.011 Abstract （254）      PDF（pc） （1802KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Pymetrozine in Tea Products by Solid Phase Extraction-Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry YU Huan, ZHOU Li, LIN Qin, YANG Jie, SUN Hezhi, WU Xudong, WANG Xinru, ZHANG Xinzhong, CHEN Zongmao, LUO Fengjian Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 440-446.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.009 Abstract （734）      PDF（pc） （456KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save An analytical method for the determination of pymetrozine residues in tea products, including dry tea, matcha and instant tea powder, was established based on Cleanert PCX solid phase extraction-ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The residual pymetrozine in dry tea, matcha and instant tea powder was extracted by a mixture of methanol and water, cleaned up and concentrated by a Cleanert PCX SPE column, and separated on an Acquity BEH C18 column. Pymetrozine level was detected by UPLC-MS/MS on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified with external standard method. In the spiked range of 0.005-1.000 mg·kg-1, the average recovery of pymetrozine was 77.0%-95.1%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n=5) ranged from 1.8%-6.9%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.005 to 0.010 mg·kg-1. The sensitivity, precision and recovery of the developed method meet the requirements for residual pesticides analysis in various tea products. The results of this study can provide an analytical method for the determination and risk assessment of pymetrozine in tea products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Gene Cloning and Expression Analysis of C4H in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) YAO Shengbo, WANG Wenzhao, LI Mingzhuo, XU Yujiao, WANG Yunsheng, LIU Yajun, GAO Liping, XIA Tao Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (1): 35-44.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.007 Abstract （505）      PDF（pc） （1149KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway in tea plant. The gene can influence the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as lignin and flavonoids. The cDNA full-length of C4H gene was cloned from tea plant by rapid amplification of cDNA ends with a 1β518βbp open reading frame encoding a protein of 505 amino acids. The deduced protein molecular weight was 58.15βkD and its theoretical isoelectric point was 9.29. A 1β840βbp promoter sequence was isolated by genome walking method. The promoter region not only has the basic transcriptional elements of TATA-box and CAAT-box, but also has many potential inducible and tissue-specific cis-acting elements. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the CsC4H gene expressed in bud, leaf, stem and root. The gene was cloned into the expression vector pYES-DEST52 for eukaryotic expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae WAT11. The enzyme reaction products were detected by LC-MS method. The results indicated that cinnamic acid was para-hydroxylated by target proteins to generate p-coumaric acid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Comparison on the Pretreatment Methods of Tea and Tea Polysaccharides for Determination of Fluorine Content ZHU Xiaojing, FANG Fengxiang, ZHANG Yuehua, NI Dejiang, CHEN Yuqiong Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (2): 145-150.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.006 Abstract （441）      PDF（pc） （525KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Save The influence of sample pretreatment methods including boiling water extraction (BWE),acidic solution extraction (ASE) and alkalizing and burning to ash(ABA) on fluorine content in tea and tea polysaccharides was investigated. The results showed that the fluorine contents of tea and tea polysaccharide pretreated with ABA were much higher than that of BWE and ASE method (P<0.01). The fluorine content of tea pretreated with BWE was significantly higher than ASE (P<0.05, P<0.01). The further test on precision and recovery of ABA and fluoride ion selective electrode method was investigated. Results showed that the recovery of fluorine in tea and tea polysaccharide were 91.07%-94.40% and 83.04%-90.32%, respectively, with RSD of 1.44%-2.54% for tea and 0.68%-1.03% for tea polysaccharide, which indicated the result of fluorine determination by this method could represent the real fluorine content in tea and tea polysaccharide with accuracy, reliability and stability. It was also suggested that the ABA and fluoride ion selective electrode method could be more suitable for determination of total fluorine in tea and tea extracts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Study on Correction Coefficient of a New Anthrone Sulfuric Acid Method for Determination of Polysaccharides in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Flower ZHANG Xinghai, XU Jinwei, ZHOU Xiaohong, YU Peili, TU Youying Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (2): 151-157.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.007 Abstract （560）      PDF（pc） （562KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Save ：A method for correction coefficient of anthrone sulfuric acid to detect the polysaccharides in tea flower was established. According to the law of conservation of mass and normal anthrone sulfuric acid method determination of polysaccharide, correction coefficient for a new detection method of anthrone sulfuric acid (f) was constructed through the combined use of ion chromatography technology, which laid the foundation for the tea flower polysaccharide detection technology with fast, accurate and objective charcteristics. The results showed that the correction coefficient were 2.84 and 4.49 when galactose and glucose were used as standard reference substance respectively. The method had good stability (RSDglucose=1.7%, RSDgalactose=1.0%), high precision (RSDglucose=1.4%, RSDgalactose=2.0%), strong repeatability (RSDglucose=3.2%, RSDgalactose=2.5%) and well recovery (recoveryglucose=91.3%-104.1%, recoverygalactose=95.9%-104.4%). Tea flower polysaccharide contents determined by the new method were 10.30%, 10.07% and 9.99% respectively in samples from Anhui, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces, which were higher than the value determined by conventional anthrone sulfuric acid method. Monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides in tea flower showed that galactose was better to be used as standard reference. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Different Processing Technology on the Quality of Black Tea Paste TAN Chao, LIU Hua-rong, GONG Jia-shun, ZHANG Nai-ming Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 351-357.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.009 Abstract （590）      PDF（pc） （654KB）（383）       Knowledge map    Save The tea paste was prepared by using two different pretreatment processes (Conventional extraction, enzyme extraction) and drying methods (boiling water concentration, vacuum concentration), and its major components and active substance were analyzed and sensory quality were conducted. The results showed that the content of total soluble sugar, thearubigin, theaflavin, theabrownin, catechin in tea paste were increased significantly with the method of enzyme treatment and vacuum concentrating technology, and much higher than those tea paste manufactured by other methods. The b/a value and Hab value correlation coefficient in the enzyme treated tea paste is higher. It can better reflect the liquor color and sensory score of black tea paste, and it was regarded that it is suitable to use for black tea paste quality measurement. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Investigation on the Tea Book “Jian Cha Jue” LIU Xin-qiu, FENG Wei-ying, GU Wen, ZHU Zi-zhen, LI Xing-hui Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (1): 72-76.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.01.013 Abstract （416）      PDF（pc） （281KB）（383）       Knowledge map    Save The tea book “Jian Cha Jue” was written by Ye Jun in Qing Dynasty. It was lost in China. Now, there are Baoli and Mingzhi two editions in only a few Japanese libraries. The earliest edition of Baoli was not written by Ye Jun, but supplemented by the Japanese monk Jiao Zhong. The edition of Mingzhi was prefaced by the Chinese Wang Zhiben who was touring in Japan, and emendated by the Japanese Noboru Oda. They deleted the content which Jiao Zhong supplied when reprinted this tea book, but appended seven issues about tea which from Tu Long “Kao Pan Yu Shi”. Because of these, these two editions of “Jian Cha Jue” in Japan are jumbled. According to these confusions, the paper is on the purpose to resolve these problems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Occurrence and Damage of Overwintering Populations of Ricania sublimbata Jacobi in Xinyang Tea-producing Area JIN Yinli, MA Quanchao, ZHANG Fangmei, QIAO Li, GENG Shubao, YIN Jian Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (5): 595-601.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.011 Abstract （720）      PDF（pc） （378KB）（382）       Knowledge map    Save In the present study, not only the scarring damage caused by overwintering eggs of Ricania sublimbata Jacobi in tea gardens with intensive or extensive management, but also the scale of tea branch chosen by R. sublimbata for oviposition, the length of scar and number of overwintering eggs in each scar were investigated. The results indicate that the damage rates in tea gardens with extensive management (9.86%, 13.79%) were significantly higher than those in intensively managed tea gardens. Adult R. sublimbata preferred to lay overwintering eggs in tea branches, with scale diameter of about 0.20-0.30βcm. Moreover, the average distance from the top of oviposition scar to tip of the tea shoot was 7.22βcm. The mean length of oviposition scar was 1.35βcm. The results also indicate that there was a significantly positive linear relationship between the length of oviposition scar (x) and number of overwintering eggs in the scar (y) and the relationship could be expressed as: y=17.83x+1.12 (F=3β652, df=1β145, R2=0.96, P<2.2×10-16). It was suggested to cut off the tea branches with oviposition scar from early October to next March, and improve management of tea garden so as to control the regional damage of this pest. This study provided a theoretical basis for the prediction and ecological control of overwintering population of R. sublimbata in Xinyang tea-producing area, which was of great significance for reducing the use of pesticides and improving yield and quality of Xinyang Maojian tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Investigation of the Ameliorate Effect and Mechanism of EGCG on Non-obese GK Rat with Diabetic Kidney Damage PENG Liyuan, ZENG Hongzhe, WAN Liwei, WEN Shuai, LIU Changwei, AN Qin, BAO Sudu, HUANG Jian'an, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (6): 784-794.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.06.003 Abstract （333）      PDF（pc） （2099KB）（382）       Knowledge map    Save Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural active ingredient, and fewer studies have been conducted on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of EGCG in DKD and the regulatory mechanisms. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of EGCG on diabetic kidney damage in non-obese GK rats with idiopathic T2DM. Two different doses of EGCG (10 mg·kg-1 and 120 mg·kg-1) were administered to GK rats for 4 weeks. The body weight and daily food intake of rats were monitored during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the serum and kidney tissues were collected to detect some kidney biochemical and pathological indicators and Nrf2-Keap1/MAPK signaling pathway related gene expression levels. The results show that EGCG could improve the kidney morphology and significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD, CAT and GSH-Px), and inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, IL-1β). In addition, EGCG could restrain oxidant stress by up-regulate the expression level of Nrf2 and inhibit inflammation by down-regulating the expression levels of JNK, NF-κB and P38 genes in kidney. The improvement effect of high dose was better than that of low dose in the experimental range. In conclusion, these results indicate that EGCG could ameliorate kidney injury caused by diabetes, and its mechanism might be related to anti-oxidative stress mediated by Nrf2-Keap1/MAPK signaling pathways. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Chemistry and Bioactivity of Thearubigins LI Da-xiang, WANG Hua, BAI Rui, XIAN Shu, WAN Xiao-chun Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (4): 327-335.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.04.006 Abstract （712）      PDF（pc） （889KB）（382）       Knowledge map    Save Thearubigins are mixtures of heterogeneous acidic phenolic pigments, which are condensed oligomers or polymers from catechins and theaflavins. Thearubigins contribute to tea color, the body strength, intensity and liquor color of a black tea brew. Due to their heterogeneity, their solubility and chromatographic behaviors are dissilimar and their structures are still ambiguous. The classic isolation method of the thearubigin subfractions has been developed with organic solvent extraction. So far, no thearubigin monomer has been reported. However, some studies have demonstrated that thearubigins possess antioxidative, anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-leukemic, obesity-preventive and even anti-neurotoxin activities in vitro and in animal models since 1990s. As the abundant polyphenolic compounds in black tea, thearubigins may be the potential active compounds contributing to human health. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Journal of Tea Science    1991, 11 (S1): 34-41.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1991.02.006 Abstract （465）      PDF（pc） （293KB）（381）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Reaction Condition of EGCG Methylated Derivatives Produced from EGCG Catalyzed by EGCG-O-Methyltransferase LV Hai-peng, FEI Dong-mei, ZHANG Yue, LIN Zhi, PENG Qun-hua, GUO Li, TAN Jun-feng Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (5): 441-447.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.05.001 Abstract （528）      PDF（pc） （566KB）（381）       Knowledge map    Save Taken the yields of EGCG3"Me, EGCG4′′Me and EGCG3′Me as the main index, the investigation on the reaction condition of EGCG methylated derivatives produced from EGCG catalyzed by EGCG-O-Methyltransferase were conducted. Results showed that the optimum reaction condition was as follows: the concentration of DTT and Mg2+ was 2mmol/L, the initial pH was 7.5 and the reaction temperature was 35℃. Under the above conditions, the yields of EGCG3"Me, EGCG4′′Me and EGCG3′Me could reach 386.39μg/mL, 23.40μg/mL and 107.01μg/mL, respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Composition and Stability of Soil Aggregates with Different Tea Plantation Age LIU Min-ying, ZHENG Zi-cheng, LI Ting-xuan Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (5): 402-410.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.05.007 Abstract （547）      PDF（pc） （731KB）（380）       Knowledge map    Save For the purpose of investigating the effect of tea plantation age on the soil aggregates composition and stability, the field data of tea planted area was collected and laboratory analysis was conducted. Results showed that: (1) In the dry and wet treatments dynamic changes were observed in the amount of soil aggregates with the change in clay diameter. It was found that the decreasing trend in the amounts of micro-aggregates was followed a decrease-increase-decrease trend with the decrease in clay diameter under dry treatment, and show a decrease-increase-decrease trend with the decrease in clay diameter under wet treatment. The amounts of micro-aggregates were decreased with the decrease of clay diameter. Results showed that there were no significant effects of tea plantation age on the soil micro-aggregates. (2) When the clay diameter was >5mm, it was found that the increasing trend in the amount of dry and water-stable aggregates was followed an increase decrease trend with the increase of planting time and the maximum value was found after 20~22 years of tea plantation age. At the same time <5mm of clay diameter displayed an opposite trend as compare to >5mm diameter. (3) The maximum value of MWD, GMD of dry-aggregates and water-stable aggregates were found at tea plantation age of 20~22, and the result is opposite for aggregate fractal dimension value (D value) of soil aggregates. The differences among GMD, MWD and aggregate fractal dimension were highly significant under different planting age, which indicated that the tea plantation age showed significant effect on the soil aggregate stability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(21) Select Research Advance on β-Glucosidase of Tea Plant ZHOU Hanchen, LEI Pandeng, DING Yong Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (2): 111-118.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.02.001 Abstract （579）      PDF（pc） （1164KB）（380）       Knowledge map    Save All material metabolisms, energy transfer, growth and development in tea plant require the participation of enzymes, which are also of great importance for tea quality formation. β-glucosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of tea glycoside precursors. The produced aroma substances are not only involved in plant defense reaction against diseases and pests, but also important for tea quality. The β-glucosidase of Camellia sinensis is highly similar to β-glucosidase gene family members of arabidopsis, rice and maize in expression sites, subcellular localization, protein structure and phylogenetic evolution. Under biotic and abiotic stresses, the β-glucosidase of Camellia sinensis is immediately induced in the early stage. This paper mainly focused on the bio-informatic and gene expression in tea plant studies of Camellia sinensis β-glucosidase. Meanwhile, the changes of β-glucosidase in tea processing were also reviewed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (S1): 141-146.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.s1.013 Abstract （361）      PDF（pc） （83KB）（379）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Isolation and Identification of Thermophilic Fungi during the Fermentation of Puer Tea YANG Rui-juan, LU Jie, YAN Liang, YANG Liu-xia, LI Chen-chen, JIANG Shu, SHENG Jun Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (4): 371-378.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.04.007 Abstract （565）      PDF（pc） （562KB）（379）       Knowledge map    Save Thermophilic fungi were isolated and identificated by the method of sequencing during traditional fermentation of puer tea. Sampling were carried out every day. Many types of microorganisms including thermophilic fungi were purified and Identified. Isolated thermophilic fungi were cultured at different temperatures and different pH, the growth state of thermophilic microorganisms were observed. This article showed a comprehensive analysis of microorganisms during the fermentation of puer tea, and identified the isolated microorganisms using molecular biology method. Thermophilic microorganisms which play an important role during the fermentation were discovered, it laid the foundation to reveal the mechanism of Puer tea fermentation at high temperature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(21) Select Construction of No-Pollution Control System on Tea Pests Based on Chemical Ecology SUN Xiao-ling, CHEN Zong-mao Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (2): 136-143.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.009 Abstract （539）      PDF（pc） （270KB）（379）       Knowledge map    Save Progress and application of ecological functions of the sex pheromone of tea pests, herbivore induced tea volatiles, extraneous induction on resistance of tea plant, and behavioral regulation effect of secondary metabolites from nonhost on Ectropis obliqua Prout and Empoasca vitis (Göthe) were introduced. The construction and prospects on no-pollution control system of tea pests based on the current chemical ecology achievements was discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Mechanism of Dark Tea Water Extract in Regulating Autophagy in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway LI Linli, XIA Xuting, SHI Min, GE Jun, MAO Caiwei, YU Changhong, LIU Fulin Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (2): 329-340.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.02.012 Abstract （199）      PDF（pc） （1798KB）（379）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the intricate mechanisms underlying the modulatory effects of Anhua dark tea on autophagy to ameliorate steatosis induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHS) in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into different groups, including a normal group, a model group, a Western medicine group (10 mg·kg-1), and various doses of dark tea groups (0.75, 1.5, 3.0 g·kg-1). The therapeutic regimen was administered concurrently with the modeling process for a duration of 10 weeks using the HFHS-induced NAFLD model. At the end of the experiment, liver indices, blood lipids, liver function, liver pathology indicators, autophagy markers, and expression levels of key genes in the autophagy-related signaling pathway were assessed. Comparative analyses with the normal group revealed significant increases in liver index and levels of serum cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as a substantial reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the model group. The liver of the mice exhibits signs of steatosis, characterized by an abundance of lipid droplets of different sizes. Protein expression analysis reveals a marked decrease in the levels of microtubule-associated protein light-chain-3B (LC3B), Bcl-2-interacting coiled-coil protein 1 (Beclin1), and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK/AMPK). Conversely, there was a significant increase in the levels of sequestosome-1 (p62) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin/mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR/mTOR). Compared to the model group, gavage with dark tea decreased the liver index, serum levels of CHO, TG, LDL-C, AST, ALT, p62, and p-mTOR/mTOR in NAFLD mice, and increased serum HDL-C, along with LC3B, Beclin1, and p-AMPK/AMPK protein levels. The improvements were confirmed by tissue staining results and observations using transmission electron microscopy. In summary, our findings suggest that dark tea, by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, may regulate autophagy, thereby alleviating hepatic steatosis and improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Diversity of Camellia taliensis from Yunnan Province of China Revealed by AFLP Analysis JI Peng-zhang, WANG Yun-gang, JIANG Hui-bing, TANG Yi-chun, WANG Ping-sheng, ZHANG Jun, HUANG Xing-qi Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (5): 329-335.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.5.001 Abstract （580）      PDF（pc） （238KB）（378）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia taliensis is a critically species endemic to southern Yunnan, China. We assessed the genetic variability within and among eleven populations of this species using AFLP marker. At species level: Nei’s (1973) gene diversity (He) was 0.099, and Shannon’s Information index (Ho) 0.178, at the population level: He=0.083, Ho =0.137. A low level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Gst =0.1606 (16.1%), Shannon’s diversity index (16.04%), and AMOVA (19.03%). Pairwise genetic identity (I) values among populations ranged from 0.971 to 0.997. There was no correlation between genetic and geographic distance among the populations studied. The influence of human activity and forest fragmentation may play a prominent role in creating this species’s current endangered status. Conservation strategies are suggested including in situ strategies and ex situ strategies based on the observed genetic information of population. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Interactions Between EGCG and Zn2+ on the Growth of Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells CHEN Xun, YU Hai-ning, SHEN Sheng-rong Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (3): 219-224.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.03.013 Abstract （450）      PDF（pc） （302KB）（378）       Knowledge map    Save In the present paper, effects of EGCG and interactions of EGCG with Zn2+on the growth of androgen-insensitive human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) were investigated by MTT assay. Effects of EGCG and Zn2+ on absorption of zinc and cadmium in PC-3 cells were detected by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) assay; and also the changes of Zn2+ on the partition coefficients of EGCG in n-octanol/PBS or n-octanol / water system were determined by HPLC technique. EGCG was screened for growth inhibition of PC-3 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Both Zn 2+ and EGCG decreased viability of PC-3 cells in dose- and time-dependent relations, and Zn2+ ameliorated the effect of EGCG on the growth of PC-3 cells. Also, Zn2+ decreased the absorption of PC-3 cells on Cd2+, and EGCG could enhance the effect as well. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Investigation and Comparison of the Aroma Components in Guangdong Black Tea WANG Qiu-shuang, CHEN Dong, XU Yong-quan, YIN Jun-feng Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (1): 9-16.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.01.002 Abstract （689）      PDF（pc） （911KB）（378）       Knowledge map    Save For the purpose of studying the volatile aroma components in Guangdong black tea and determine the main aroma components, the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine the aroma compounds in black tea samples and their contribution to the total aroma. Results showed that more than 50 aroma compounds were identified including alcohol, ester, aldehyde, ketone, terpene, hydrocarbon etc., among which the alcohol was the most important compounds and ester and aldehyde were next to flower-like, fruit-like, refreshing and sweet aroma were the main character of Guangdong black tea. Linalool, gerariol, methyl salicylate, linalool oxide and nonanal were the five most important compounds, representing 37.55%, 11.90%, 8.89%, 5.4% and 5.21% of the total aroma respectively. The alcohol was the most important compounds in Yingde tea population, the contents of aldehyde and ketone were more in Baimao tea population. Dancong and Fujian tea plant contained more terpene compounds. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(31) Select Differential Expression Analysis of Genes Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Purple Buds of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) XIANG Yi, LIU Shuoqian, GONG Zhihua, CHEN Dong, XIAO Wenjun Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (5): 439-449.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.05.001 Abstract （609）      PDF（pc） （1427KB）（378）       Knowledge map    Save Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments which widely exist in plants. As strong free radical scavengers, they have many health benefical functions from anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, blood pressure lowering to hypoglycemic effect. The purple tea plants are a kind of specific tea germplasm rich in anthocyanins. More and more attentions had been focused on research and utilization of purple tea plants. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple buds of tea, RNA-seq and bioinformatic analysis were performed using purple-buds cultivar 9803 and green-buds cultivar 9806 bred by Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China. Totally 42 unigenes were identified to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, including 34 genes registered in the GenBank database and 8 genes not reported. KEGG pathway analysis showed that differentially expression genes annotated to five metabolic pathways, including flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, lignin biosynthesis pathway, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway, brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway and encoding transcription factors. The expression profiles of differentially expressed genes by qRT-PCR were consistent with transcriptome sequencing results, demonstrating the sequencing results were reliable. In summary, many differentially expressed genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in the purple buds of tea were identified, which laid the foundation for further investigation of the molecular mechanism of purple bud formation in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Diversity Analysis of Tea Plant in Baiyingshan Mountain of Yunnan MAO Juan, JIANG Hongjian, LI Chongxing, MA Jianqiang, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (1): 69-77.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.01.007 Abstract （503）      PDF（pc） （1029KB）（378）       Knowledge map    Save Tea germplasms including Camellia sinensis var. assamica, wild and semi-wild C. taliensis, and interspecific hybrid populations of the aforesaid species, are widely distributed in Baiyingshan Mountain of Yunnan Province. In this study, a core set of SSR markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity of tea germplasms derived from Baiyingshan Mountain. The results showed that a total of 202 alleles were detected, and the average number of allele (A) per SSR was 6.73, and 0.6135 for the average of expected heterozygosity (HE), –0.1745 for the mean of inbreed coefficient (Fis). The polymorphic information content (PIC) and gene diversity (H) were estimated to be 0.5652 and 0.6112 on average, respectively. The regression curves of genetic parameters influenced by population size showed that it could reach an optimized coverage of genetic diversity as the sample size was higher than 40. Investigation of the genetic diversity of tea germplasms in Baiyingshan Mountain was of vital importance for protection and utilization of these resources in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) in Response to Low Temperature Stress LIN Zhenghe, ZHONG Qiusheng, YOU Xiaomei, CHEN Zhihui, CHEN Changsong, SHAN Ruiyang, RUAN Qichun Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (4): 363-371.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.004 Abstract （697）      PDF（pc） （784KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save New clonal tea varieties 0306D, 0306F, 0306I from F1 population of Baijiguan and Huangdan were employed as test materials. Antioxidant enzyme activities of tea plants under low temperature were measured. The results showed that leaves under low temperature had higher conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents with the increasing ratios higher in 0306D and 0306F than 0306I and Huangdan. The increasing ratios of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities of the Huangdan and 0306I tea varieties were higher than 0306D and 0306F. While monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), ascorbate (ASC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activities of 0306D and 0306F were less decreased than 0306I and Huangdan. The results indicated that higher activities of defense enzymes and higher antioxidant content in 0306I and Huangdan under stress were associated with chilling tolerance. Further regression analysis showed that the H2O2 content was negatively correlated with APX and CAT, and conductivity was negatively correlated with ASC content. The above results indicated that the tolerance to low temperature in 0306I and Huangdan was stronger than 0306F and 0306D. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Content of the Major Mineral Elements in Pu-erh Tea LV Hai-peng, LIN Zhi, ZHANG Yue, LIANG Yue-rong Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (5): 411-419.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.05.002 Abstract （499）      PDF（pc） （687KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save The contents of sixteen mineral elements in Pu-erh tea and sun-dried green tea were determined by ICP-OES, and their contents differences in Pu-erh tea with different grades and in different producing areas were also compared. The contents obtained in mg kg-1 for the elements analyzed were 16.68(B), 3306.64(Ca), 272.18(Fe), 806.05(Al), 14522.80(K), 2054.96(Mg), 682.09(Mn), 0.25(Mo), 487.71(Na), 3628.98(P), 2350.90(S), 173.78(Si), 61.77(Zn), 2.48(Ni), 0.15(Co) and undetectable (Hg). The contents of the Mn, Na, Zn, Ca, Fe, Al, K, Mg, Ni and Co in Pu-erh tea were observed to be much higher those in Sun-dried green tea(P<0.05). Significant differences in the content of Ca, Fe, Al, K, Mg, S, Ni and Co were observed in Pu-erh tea with different producing areas（P<0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in the content of the studied elements except Ni in Pu-erh tea with different grades（P>0.05）. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(13) Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 108-111.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.007 Abstract （277）      PDF（pc） （104KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Physicochemical Properties, in vitro Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects of Liubao Tea Polysaccharides on HUVEC YING Le, PAN Yue, WANG Yuefei, XU Ping Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (1): 25-37.   Abstract （390）      PDF（pc） （1226KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save Tea Polysaccharides were extracted and purified from Liubao tea. Three fractions of polysaccharides namely LTPS-30, LTPS-50 and LTPS-70 were then obtained from Liubao Tea Polysaccharides (LTPS) by 30%, 50% and 70% ethanol respectively. The main chemical compounds and monosaccharide compositions of these LTPS were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities of LTPS were determined by ABTS and FRAP assays. The potentially protective effects of LTPS on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were investigated according to the Na2S2O3-induced model. The results showed that there were two main acidic polysaccharides in LTPS-70, LTPS-50 and LTPS-30. The order of molecular weight and total sugar content was LTPS-70<LTPS-50<LTPS-30. While the order of protein, polyphenol contents and antioxidant abilities determined by ABTS and FRAP assays showed the opposite trends. LTPS-70 exhibited the protective effects on HUVEC, indicating it might be applied in medical sciences in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Inhibitation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes by Tea Catechin and Screening of Anti-polyphenol Strain MAO Qing-li, SHI Zhao-peng, LI Lin, LIU Zhong-hua, ZHU Qi Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (3): 243-247.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.03.006 Abstract （527）      PDF（pc） （495KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save This paper investigated inhibition of Agrobacterium rhizogenes by tea catechin and screening of the anti-polyphenol strain.The results showed that the catechin (TC80), which MIC90 was 25~100 μg/ml, showed the obvious inhibition of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. This showed that the plenty of polyphenols in the tea plant was a key factor to restrict Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of tea plant. An anti-polyphenol strain R1000AP obtained by anti-polyphenol screening, which anti-polyphenol capability enhanced 10~40 times. The hairy root frequency induced by the strain increased by 46.5%（P<0.05）compared to the non-anti-polyphenol strain. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Distribution of Catechins, Purine Alkaloids and Free Amino Acids in Tea Seedlings CHEN Lin, WAN Xiao-chun, ZHANG Zheng-zhu, CHEN Qi Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (1): 43-49.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.01.009 Abstract （635）      PDF（pc） （409KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save ：Catechins, purine alkaloids and free amino acids in various parts of tea seedlings (Camellia sinensis cv. Fuyun 6) with four or five leaves were analyzed by HPLC-PDAD and amino acid analyzer. The results showed that catechins and purine alkaloids mainly existed in the leaves and tender stems, and less in the parts below cotyledons. There were higher (–)-epigallocatechin gallate and L-theanine contents in the tender leaves, which decreased as they grew up. L-theanine was especially abundant in the roots of tea seedlings, the same to its precursors, glutamic acid and alanine. L-theanine was largely formed in radicles during germination of tea seeds, and reached 13.429 mg/g of fresh weight when purplish red colored stems of tea seedlings came out. Thus, it would be a promising way to obtain natural L-theanine from the tender roots of tea seedlings and its clones. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Preliminary Study on Differential Gene Expression During Cold Acclimation in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) MEI Ju-fen, WANG Xin-chao, YANG Ya-jun, LI Xing-hui Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (4): 286-292.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.04.003 Abstract （534）      PDF（pc） （610KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save Differential gene expression during cold acclimation was studied by mRNA differential display reverse transcription-PCR (DDRT-PCR) in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Twenty-three differentially expressed cDNA fragments were steadily re-amplified. Five fragments were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Among them, three were up-regulated while other two were down-regulated during the cold acclimation process. Sequencing of three differential fragments revealed homology to putative cis-zeatin-O-glucosyl-transferase of Sorghum （Sorghum bicolor）, chloroplast gene for chloroplast product of cucumber(Cucumis sativus),ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) mRNA of tea plant(Camellia sinensis), respectively, while the other two showed no homologous to known genes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsWRKY17 Transcription Factor in Tea Plants LIU Miaomiao, ZANG Liansheng, SUN Xiaoling, ZHOU Zhongshi, YE Meng Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 631-642.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.05.001 Abstract （924）      PDF（pc） （1820KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save WRKY transcription factors, a super family of plant transcription factors, play an essential role in the regulation of plant defense responses to herbivores. While the roles of herbivore-related WRKY transcription factors are well established in grass plants, their roles in woody plants are still largely unknown. Here, we cloned a WRKY transcription factor, named CsWRKY17. CsWRKY17 has a full length of 1 141 bp, contains a 987 bp open reading frame, and encodes 328 amino acids. Based on the conserved domain analysis, CsWRKY17 belongs to the WRKY Ⅱ subfamily, containing one conserved WRKY domain and a typical C2H2-type zinc finger motif. Homology alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis show that CsWRKY17 has the closest relationship with AtWKRY11 and AtWRKY17 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, CsWRKY17 exhibited a tissue specific expression, and was also induced by mechanical wounding, tea geometrid (Ectropis oblique) attack, simulated herbivory, and exogenous phytohormone treatments like JA. Transient expression experiments indicate that it might play a role in the nucleus. Taken together, we proposed that CsWRKY17 is a potential regulator of herbivore-induced defense responses against herbivores in tea plants through JA, ABA, GA and BR signaling. Our study paved the way for molecular analysis of herbivore-related WRKY genes in tea plants, and provided a good genetic resource and theoretical basis for future studies of pest-resistant genes and breeding of tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1996, 16 (01): 19-24.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1996.01.004 Abstract （548）      PDF（pc） （254KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Quantitative Analysis of Tea Leaf Serration Morphological Characteristics Based on Image Analysis TANG Min, ZHONG Qitian, XU Jin, XIAO Fuliang, LI Jie, ZHAI Xiuming, HOU Yujia, GU Yu Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (6): 835-843.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.06.004 Abstract （302）      PDF（pc） （970KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save The size, shape, and arrangement of tea leaf serrations are important criteria for assessing and evaluating tea germplasm resources. However, for a long time, the determination of these criteria has mainly relied on the experience of technicians, resulting in subjective judgments and uncertainties. In this study, a custom convolutional operator based on the geometric morphological features of leaves was introduced, and the existing image recognition algorithms were optimized. A quantification method for tea leaf serrations based on leaf image analysis was proposed. Through experimental validation, the results show that this method can rapidly and accurately obtain basic parameters such as leaf area, perimeter, and number of serrations. It can also quantify descriptive indicators such as serration sharpness, serration depth, and serration density using custom operators. The coefficients of variation for the quantified results are all less than 1%, indicating strong repeatability and high stability. Compared to manual subjective identification, the measurement time of this method does not exceed 30 s, effectively enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of evaluating the morphological characteristics of tea leaf serrations. It provided a new approach and perspective for the quantitative evaluation of tea germplasm resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated and Particle Bombardment-mediated Transformation Systems in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) WU Shan, LIANG Yue-rong, LU Jian-liang, KIM Hyesuk, WU Ying Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 6-10.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.002 Abstract （469）      PDF（pc） （319KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save When tea explants were pre-cultured on medium containing PVP 16g/L for 2-3d before infiltrated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens the transformation frequency was increased. Optimum conditions for preparing bombardment micro-particle were as follows: 10βµl tungsten suspension (60βmg/1ml), 1.6βµl plasmid DNA (1βµg/βµl), 4βµl spermidin (0.1βmol/L) and 15βµl CaCl2 (l2.5βmol/L). Ethanol was used to dilute the final volume up to 48βµl. The loading volume for each bombardment was 8-10βµl. The survival rate of resistant calli was 5.0%-12.1%, when the bombarded explants were cultured on selection media with kanamycin or hygromycin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Molecular Cloning, Subcellular Localization and Expression Analysis of CsPT4 Gene in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) XIN Huahong, WANG Weidong, WANG Mingle, MA Qingping, GAN Yudi, LI Xinghui Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (5): 493-502.   Abstract （576）      PDF（pc） （1542KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save Phosphate transporter proteins (Phts) play important roles in plant phosphorus (P) absorption and transportation. Furthermore, Phts affect usage efficiency of the tea garden fertilizer. A full-length phosphate transporter complementary DNA (cDNA) CsPht1:4 (also named CsPT4) was cloned from tea plant (Camellia sinensis cv. Longjingchangye) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. CsPT4 had an open reading frame of 1β620βbp (GenBank accession No. KY132100) and encoded a 539 amino acid polypeptide. Bioinformatic analyses showed that CsPT4 had a molecular weight of 59.12βkD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.51. The protein secondary structure was a “6+Hydrophilic+6” configuration,which was consistent with the typical structure of Phts. Subcellular localization assay showed that the CsPT4 protein localized in plasma membrane, which was consistent with the predicted results of Softberry. The expression pattern of CsPT4 gene was tissue-specific. Its transcript abundance in old leaves was much higher than that in tender leaves, stems and roots. The lowest expression of CsPT4 gene was identified in roots. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the gene expression trends in root and leaves were different under low-P and P-deficiency treatments. Under low-P treatment, its induced level was first increased and then decreased, with higher expression in roots than leaves. While under P-deficiency treatment, the induced expression of CsPT4 gene kept stable, with its peak in roots and leaves at 72 h and 48 h, respectively. The results of this study provided a reference for the study of the molecular mechanism of tea adaptation to low P. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsASR Gene in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) YUE Chuan, CAO Hongli, HAO Xinyuan, GUO Yuqiong, YE Naixing, WANG Xinchao, YANG Yajun Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 399-410.   Abstract （361）      PDF（pc） （1025KB）（374）    PDF（mobile） （1025KB）（14）    Knowledge map    Save Abiotic stress severely affects the growth and development of tea plant and the quality of tea. ASR (abscisic acid, stress, ripening) genes play crucial roles in the plant response to stresses. The full-length cDNA, genomic sequence and the promoter sequence of CsASR gene were cloned from tea cultivar Longjing 43 in this study, The bioinformatic and the expression analysis of CsASR in tissues under different stress treatments were performed. The results revealed that the full-length cDNA of CsASR was 875βbp, containing a 546βbp ORF encoding 181 amino acid. The predict protein molecular and theoretic isoelectric point of CsASR were 19.89βkD and 5.69. Most regions of the amino acid sequence (74.5%) were predicted as the non-ordered regions, indicating that CsASR is a disordered protein. C-terminal of CsASR contained an ABA/WDS functional domain which was primarily located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The homologous alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CsASR had the highest similarity (87%) with Phoenix dactylifera, and had the closest genetic relationship with Ziziphus nummularia. The genomic sequence of CsASR gene was comprised by two exons with 363 bp and 183 bp in length, respectively, and had a 2 750 bp intron which contained seven simple repeats and two DNA transposons. The promoter sequence of CsASR was 2 554 bp in length and was predicted to contain several stress-responsive elements related to drought, cold, high temperature stresses and ABA-signaling. The expression analysis showed that CsASR had the lowest level in roots, and its expression was repressed by ABA treatment. While the drought, NaCl and cold stresses could significantly up-regulate the expression of CsASR. The results revealed that CsASR might be closely related to stress response in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Fungicidal Activity Comparison and Synergetic Effect of Citronellol Optical Isomers Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides XIANG Xiaolong, YANG Wen, LIU Huifang, CHEN Yao, ZHOU Yufeng, HU Anlong Journal of Tea Science    2019, 39 (4): 425-430.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.04.007 Abstract （917）      PDF（pc） （321KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, the activities of dextral citronellol, rhodinol and their synergistic effect to the C. gloeosporioides was determined by method of mycelial growth rate, Horsfall and co-toxicity coefficient. The EC50 of dextral citronellol and rhodinol were (113.27±0.95) mg·L-1 and (119.87±0.20) mg·L-1 respectively. The dextral citronellol and rhodinol were mixed according to the mass ratio. The result shows that the synergistic effect was the highest with the co-toxicity coefficient of 130.19 under the mass ratio of 1.6︰1 (dextral citronellol︰rhodinol). The co-toxicity coefficients were 120.57 and 121.42 when the mass ratio were 1︰1.4 and 1︰3.8, respectively. The results indicate that citronellol and its two optical isomers had high inhibiting activities against C. gloeosporioides, and the synergistic effect could be performed by mixing them within certain proportion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Antioxidant and Anti-aging Activities of White Tea ZENG Qi, REN Fazheng, LEI Xingen, HOU Caiyun Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (6): 615-624.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.06.008 Abstract （930）      PDF（pc） （1236KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save To in vitro and in vivo evaluate and compare the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of white tea with different sources of raw materials, Baihaoyinzhen (YZ), Baimudan (MD), Shoumei (SM) were prepared and extracted to measure the main efficacy components. In vitro antioxidant assay, the antioxidantβactivitiesβwereβ also tested. For in vivo anti-aging test, the mice were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose and separately orally administered white tea extracts for aging model analysis. The contents of main efficacy components in YZ extract were higher than those in MD and SM extracts. The contents of tea polyphenols and flavonoids in SM extract were higher than those in MD extract. In vitro, YZ extract had better antioxidant capacity, and there was no obvious difference between SM and MD extract. In vivo, the degree of liver lipid peroxidation in YZH and YZL mice were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. The antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly (P<0.05) increased in serum of SMH and SML mice. But it did not show a dose-dependent manner. The 3 kinds of white tea extracts could up-regulate the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and anti-aging genes to improve the oxidative stress state and it showed a dose-dependent manner. And there was no hepatotoxicity in these group mice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Gene CsWRKY57 in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) GUO Junhong, WANG Weidong, GU Xing, GUO Shasha, GAO Yuefang, YANG Yajun, XIAO Bin Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (4): 411-419.   Abstract （499）      PDF（pc） （992KB）（373）    PDF（mobile） （992KB）（8）    Knowledge map    Save The WRKY is one of the characteristic transcription factors in plants, which play important roles in plant growth, development and stress regulation. In order to study the relationship between WRKY transcription factors and stress tolerance of tea plant (Camellia sinensis), a WRKY transcription factor was cloned from tea cultivar ‘Shanchayihao’ and named CsWRKY57, based on the searching result of tea plant transcriptome database. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length sequences of CsWRKY57 was 1β222βbp encoding 303 amino acids. The molecular weight of CsWRKY57 was 33.5βkD and theoretical isoelectric point was 5.49. The BLAST results showed that CsWRKY57 contained one typical WRKY domain and one zinc finger motif (C2H2), suggesting that it was a member of the WRKYIIc family. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of CsWRKY57 was induced by salt, drought and ABA stresses, and showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease, which implies that CsWRKY57 is involved in the process of tea plant responses to salt, drought and ABA. Furthermore, transcriptional activation activity assays indicated that CsWRKY57 didn't have transcriptional activation activity, which means that CsWRKY57 may be needed to combine with other elements to activate gene expression. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1965, 2 (03): 52-55.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1965.03.009 Abstract （437）      PDF（pc） （320KB）（373）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1989, 9 (01): 39-48.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1989.01.006 Abstract （539）      PDF（pc） （3933KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Studies on Lipid-depressing Function of Water Insoluble Tea Protein HUO Po, HUANG Guang-rong, ZHANG Xiao- hui, XIA Yong, JIANG Jia-xin, FU Jian-yun, ZHANG Ke-chang Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (2): 95-99.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.02.003 Abstract （516）      PDF（pc） （211KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save Alkali extraction technology of water insoluble protein from tea was studied. The extracting rate of tea protein was around 61.1%. The crude tea protein was prepared by adjusting pH of the extract and its purity was 54.45%.The effects of water insoluble tea protein on decreasing blood lipids were studied on the hyperlipidemia rats. Results showed that the protein had significant effects on decreasing TC、TG、LDL-C、AI and R-CHR in the hyperlipidemia rats(p<0.05). It could also modulate the HDL-C indexes. The results confirmed that the water insoluble tea protein had remarkable effects on decreasing the blood lipid of hyperlipidemia and possibly is preventing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(29) Select Effect of Heat Sterilization and Storage on Quality Attributes of Fresh Green Tea Beverages ZHANG Ling-yun, LIANG Yue-rong, SUN Qi-fu, SUN Qing-lei, LU Jian-liang, E.G. Mamati Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (2): 171-176.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.02.017 Abstract （428）      PDF（pc） （357KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save Effect of heat sterilization and storage on quality attributes of fresh green tea beverages was studied. The results showed that the lightness and greenness of the infusions decreased with the treatments of heat sterilization and storage whereas the yellowness increased. The concentration of tea polyphenols and amino acids did not correspondingly change with the colors, but the concentration of caffeine in the beverage decreased during storage. Among the major catechins, EGCG、ECG、EGC decreased, and GCG、CG、GC increased with heat sterilization and storage treatments. The changes in quality attributes of the different beverages could be due to variation in content of tea catechins, amino acid and caffeine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 79-81.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.019 Abstract （360）      PDF（pc） （331KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Occurrence of Bacillus thuringiensis on the Phylloplane and Screening of Highly Toxic Strains to Tea Pests ZHANG Ling-ling, LIN Jin, LUO Lan, FANG Fang, HUANG Tian-pei, XU Jin-han, WU Guang-yuan, WANG Qin-sen, GUAN Xiong Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (1): 56-60.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.01.010 Abstract （509）      PDF（pc） （363KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save An isolation method was developed with comparing different selective culture media and 54 Bt strains were isolated from 25 species of plants in China. The bioassay was conducted by use of Ectropis obliqua, Empoasca vitis and Acaphylla theae as target insects. It showed that there were 10 strains effective to Lepidoptera and 4 to Homoptera but they were all ineffective to Acaphylla theae mites. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Clinical Trial on the Effect of Drinking Jinhua Xiangyuan Tea for 3 Months on the Improvement of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in A Small Sample Hyperlipidemia Population SUN Ying, CHEN Xin, YANG Hua, YING Jian, SHAO Danqing, LÜ Xiaohua, XIAO Jie, CHEN Zhixiong, LI Song, QIN Junjie, ZHENG Bin, GAO Jianshe Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (4): 561-576.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.04.010 Abstract （867）      PDF（pc） （1135KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save This study is aimed at investigating the clinical effect of drinking Jinhua Xiangyuan tea for 3 months on the glucose and lipid metabolism in a small sample patients with hyperlipidemia (with/without non-alcoholic fatty liver). Jinhua Xiangyuan tea was produced by the new process using Eurotium cristatum. In this study, before-and-after control design was used. The body composition (body weight, BMI, waist hip ratio, percentage of body fat, visceral fat grade), blood biochemical indicators (fasting blood glucose, uric acid, blood lipid), fatty liver, and gut microbiota were examined before and after the test. After drinking Jinhua Xiangyuan tea for 3 months, the body weight, BMI, percentage of body fat, visceral fat grade, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose of 38 volunteers were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Fatty liver was less severe. Gut microbiota’s diversity and richness were increased. The relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcus, Haemophilus and Veillonella were increased, and Dialister and Butyricimonas were decreased. Jinhua Xiangyuan tea could increase the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, increasing short-chain fatty acids, and improving insulin resistance, then improving glucose and lipid metabolism. The results of this study still need to be further confirmed by more rigorous long-term experimental observation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Technical Approach of Saving and Improving Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers in Dancong Tea Area of Guangdong ZHOU Bo, CHEN Qin, CHEN Hanlin, TANG Hao, LI Jianlong, CHEN Jialin, CHEN Yiyong, LIU Jiayu, TANG Jinchi Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (5): 607-616.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.005 Abstract （834）      PDF（pc） （381KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save The study of four technical modes of saving and improving efficiency of chemical fertilizers were carried out through field trials. Soil fertility, tea yield and quality were investigated. After that, the fertilizer agronomic efficiency and comprehensive economic benefits were compared and analyzed. The results show that, the four technical approaches could reduce chemical fertilizer input by 20%-30% (reduce total nutrient input by 17%-0) without reducing fresh tea leaves yield. Tea qualities were slightly improved and the annual economic benefits were increased by 15.1-32.6 thousand CNY. Among four technical modes, the controlled-release fertilizer model had the highest agronomic efficiency and comprehensive economic benefits, increasing by 58.0% and 10.9% respectively compared to the control. The organic substitution model had the most significant quality improvement, with an increase of 10.2% in amino acids, 9.6% in soluble sugars, and a decrease of 13.4% in phenol-ammonia ratio. In summary, the two technical approach models of controlled release fertilizer and organic substitution in this study had good adaptabilities in Dancong tea area of Guangdong, and could be promoted and applied. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsAAPs Gene Subfamily in Camellia Sinensis GUO Lingling, ZHANG Fen, CHENG Hao, WEI Kang, RUAN Li, WU Liyun, WANG Liyuan Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (4): 454-464.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20200612.002 Abstract （552）      PDF（pc） （582KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, five sequences of the amino acid permease (AAP) genes were successfully cloned from tea cultivar Longjing 43 by RT-PCR. The amino acid sequence alignment analysis revealed the high homology among the five CsAAP proteins (70.27%). Phylogenetic tree based on amino acid sequences showed that five CsAAPs could be classified into three groups. Further bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that these CsAAPs contained 9-10 transmembrane structures and 16-18 conserved AAP motifs. To investigate the response of this subfamily to nitrogen, cutting seedlings of three tea cultivars were fed with NH4NO3 of different concentrations after two weeks of nitrogen starvation and then used for qRT-PCR analysis. The results show that these five CsAAPs were expressed in all vegetative tissues of tea cutting seedlings, but there were certain differences in tissue expressions. Among them, CsAAP3 showed the highest gene expression levels in stems and the main expression sites of CsAAP8 were roots and stems. The expression levels of CsAAPs varied temporally and spatially with nitrogen treatments. The gene expression of CsAAP3 was significantly changed among the tea cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiency. The expressions of CsAAP3 and CsAAP8 in the stem of the high nitrogen efficient cultivar Zhongcha 302 could quickly respond to low nitrogen levels. Their gene expression levels were increased significantly after 3 h of the low nitrogen treatment. These results implies that CsAAPs subfamily might play important roles in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism through the intricate transports of amino acids in tea plants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Multi-pesticide Residues in Tea Based on the Combination of CS/GO/DM SPE Column and UPLC-MS/MS HU Gaohua, CAO Jianrong, YANG-LEI Wenxuan, WANG Chen, ZHOU Sujuan, LIU Xin, LU Chengyin, CHEN Hongping, MA Guicen Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (2): 249-262.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.02.004 Abstract （505）      PDF（pc） （2168KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, the synthesized chitosan/graphene oxide/diatomite (CS/GO/DM) solid phase extraction (SPE) column cartridge was used for the purification of tea matrix. A method for determination of 46 kinds of pesticide residues in tea by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. The tea samples were extracted by acetonitrile, purified by CS/GO/DM SPE column, washed by acetonitrile. Then, the target compounds of 46 pesticide residues were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results show that CS/GO/DM SPE column could efficiently remove tea interference substances, which could greatly reduce the matrix effect of pesticides in green tea, black tea and oolong tea by 4.7%-66.5%, 3.2%-35.5% and 4.4%-42.8%, respectively. The recoveries of 46 kinds of pesticides ranged from 61.5% to 118% at three spiked levels, with good linearity. The correlation coefficients (R2) were all higher than 0.98. The developed method has the great advantages of operation simplicity, time saving, and high cleanup ability with only one kind towards different types of tea, no need for using matrix standard solution and a low amount of adsorbent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Ecological Effects of Intercropping Tea with Aromatic Plant Basil and Perill in Young Tea Plantation ZHANG Zhengqun, TIAN Yueyue, GAO Shuwen, XU Yongyu, HUANG Xiaoqin, ZHANG Lixia Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (4): 389-395.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.04.007 Abstract （778）      PDF（pc） （740KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate integrated ecological effects of intercropping young tea plants with aromatic plants, we investigated the populations of pests and natural enemies, soil nutrient status, growth of tea plants and tea ingredients in the intercropping plots. Aromatic plants intercropped with young tea plants reduced the numbers of Empoasca onukii Matsuda and Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür, and increased the numbers of natural enemies, such as coccinellids, lacewings, parasitoids and spiders in the tea plantations. The contents of ammonium nitrogen, available phosphate and available potassium in the soils in the plots intercropped with aromatic plants were relatively higher than those in the plots intercropped with white clover and the control. Intercropping facilitated tea growth, enhanced tree crown formation and increased vigor of young leaves, which are necessary for high yield of tea. Intercropping tea with aromatic plants decreased the contents of TP and caffeine, and increased the contents of soluble sugar and catechins in tea leaves, and finally improved the quality of tea. The results demonstrated that intercropping tea with aromatic plants is an effective cultivation method with great ecological economic benefits, and can promote the development of ecological tea plantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Morphological and Histological Observations on the Reproductive System in Male Adults of Ectropis obliqua Prout ZHANG Jiaxia, SUN Qingyu, ZHAO Qiang, XIA Xianjiang, DING Yong Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (6): 527-533.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.06.003 Abstract （650）      PDF（pc） （1260KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save By using both routine anatomy and paraffin-section microscopy, the morphology and histology of internal reproductive organs and external reproductive organs of the male adults in Ectropis obliqua Prout were described. Like other major organizational structure in Lepidoptera, the external organs including harpes, tegument, uncus and aedeagus, the internal organs consisted of a testis, a pair of seminal vesicle, a pair of accessory glands, and ductus ejaculatorius simplex. Eight radial testicutar tubule which were separated by thinner connective tissue were also observed in testis slices. And internal thinner connective tissue distributed a large number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and mature sperm bundles. The results found seminal vesicles and vas deferens were filled with liquid and also showed a large quality of sperm bundles in the seminal vesicles. This is the first study to clarify the male reproductive system and sperm bundles filling state in the thinner connective tissue of this species and it provides more guiding significance for field forecast, phylogeny and species identification. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1984, 4 (01): 45-52.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1985.01.007 Abstract （546）      PDF（pc） （373KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsCML16 in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) under Low Temperature Stress CHEN Siwen, KANG Rui, GUO Zhiyuan, ZHOU Qiongqiong, FENG Jiancan Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (3): 315-326.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210514.001 Abstract （708）      PDF（pc） （1933KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are important calcium signaling proteins in plants, which play a pivotal role in abiotic stress. In this study, one-year-old tea cutting seedlings of ‘Longjing43’, ‘Fuding Dabai’ and ‘Huangjinya’ were used as research materials. The physiological changes of the three tea cultivars were explored to preliminarily screen the cold-resistance tea cultivar. The CsCML16 gene was cloned to analyze its expression patterns in different cold-tolerance tea cultivars under low temperature stress. The results show that ‘Longjing43’ had the highest cold tolerance under low temperature stress, followed by ‘Fuding Dabai’ and ‘Huangjinya’. CsCML16 gene was cloned from ‘Longjing43’. Sequence analysis shows that the CDS length of CsCML16 is 480 bp, encodes 160 amino acids, contains EF-hand conserved domains with molecular weight of 17.58 kDa. Subcellular localization assay indicates that CsCML16 localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis reveals that CsCML16 gene was involved in the regulation of tea plants in response to low temperature stress, and its expression levels varied with tea cultivars with different cold tolerance. This study provided a basis for further study on the biological function of CsCML16 gene. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Jiukeng Longjing Tea on SREBPs Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota Regulation in High-fat Diet C57BL/6 Mice with Hepatic Steatosis GONG Mingxiu, YUAN Yiwei, ZHANG Yifan, YE Jiangcheng, GUO Li, LI Xiaojun, HUANG Hao, MAO Yuxiao, ZHAO Yun, ZHAO Jin Journal of Tea Science    2023, 43 (4): 576-592.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2023.04.010 Abstract （376）      PDF（pc） （2452KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effect of Jiukeng Longjing tea water extract (LJT) on liver steatosis and the regulation of gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diet, a non-alcoholic fatty liver model was established in mice induced by a high-fat diet, and LJT (300 mg·kg-1) was gavaged for intervention. The body weight of mice was recorded regularly, and serum biochemical indicators such as AST, ALT, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and glucose tolerance levels were measured. The characteristics of HE staining and oil red O staining liver tissue sections were observed and analyzed. Real-time qPCR technology was used to detect the expressions of seven genes including SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, ACC-1, SREBP-2, HMGCR, and PPARγ in mouse liver tissues. The relative expressions of proteins related to lipid metabolism were studied by western blot. At the same time, the gut microbiota of mice was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing (16 S rDNA) and its structure was analyzed. The results show that the body weight, blood glucose AUC, serum TG, TC, LDL-C, and liver TG, TC levels significantly decreased under LJT intervention. Western blot shows that LJT intervention reduced the expressions of SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC-1, SCD-1, and PPARγ in liver tissue of mice. LJT also significantly downregulated the relative expressions of SREBP-1c, SCD-1, FAS, ACC-1, SREBP-2, HMGCR and PPARγ in liver tissue. The 16 S rDNA detection reveals that the levels of gut microbiota were mainly classified into four categories: Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, and Actinobaciota. LJT could effectively alleviate the trend of increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota caused by high-fat diet, and increase the species abundance of gut microbiota. Therefore, LJT could interfere with the signal expression of SREBPs pathway in mouse liver steatosis, and improve the disturbance of gut microbiota in mice, thereby achieve the effect of reducing fat and weight loss. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Segmentation Algorithm of Tea Combined withthe Color and Region Growing WANG Jian Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (1): 72-77.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.01.012 Abstract （518）      PDF（pc） （997KB）（370）       Knowledge map    Save Growth conditions and degree of maturity are two important factors affecting the quality of tea, while accurate segmentation of tea images is the precondition to analyze and identify the tea leaves. In this paper, an improved method based on the color and regional growth of tea is introduced to conduct the image segmentation of tender tea shoots. Firstly, the RGB color images are converted into HSI space, and then H and S parameters are selected for the initial selection of tea seed. Secondly, the regional growth based on color similarity and regional adjacency are conducted on the seed region, and then the color and edge distance is used to carry out regional growing and mergence. The image segmentation of tender tea shoots acquired from the different perspectives are conduced and compared, and the results indicate that this algorithm performs well in separating tender shoots from leaves and maintaining the outline of tender shoots. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Degradation of Nitrite by Kombucha Tea FENG Yi, JIANG Sheng-jun, WANG Chao, LUO Chang-hui, DAN Zhong Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (2): 89-94.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.002 Abstract （842）      PDF（pc） （244KB）（369）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the health-protecting mechanism of Kombucha tea in the preventing of gastrointestinal cancer and other diseases, degradation of nitrite in vitro by Kombucha tea was preliminarily studied. The results showed that Kombucha tea could efficiently degrade nitrite in vitro and generate a lot of NO. 100~1 000 mg/L of sodium nitrite were added in the Kombucha tea, the degradation of nitrite by kombucha tea was up to 89.02~431.16 mg/L in 2 h. 5~200 mg/L of sodium nitrite could be efficiently degraded by kombucha tea, which could generate 52.3~376.1 mg/m3 of NO in 20 mins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select Study on the Correlation between the Principal Factors during Scenting Process for Jasmine Tea FANG Shi-hui, XU Guo-qian, XIA Tao, LI Li-xiang, WAN Xiao-chun Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 21-26.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.005 Abstract （660）      PDF（pc） （350KB）（369）       Knowledge map    Save Four principal factors including the water content of tea dhool (WCTD), the rate of jasmine flower to tea dhool (RJF), the temperature in tea stack (T) and the scenting time (ST) during scenting process for jasmine tea were studied. Factor levels in integration test were optimized by DPS. For the purpose of increasing the contents of essential oil absorbed by tea dhool, the optimal combination of factor levels was as follows: the water content of tea dhool was 17.9%~20.0%, the rate of jasmine flower to tea dhool was 73.7%~77.6%, the temperature in tea stack was 27.2℃~29.7℃ and scenting time was 12.7βh~14.0βh. For the purpose of obtaining the higher overall quality of jasmine tea, the optimal combination of factor levels was as follows: the water content of tea dhool was 16.9%~20.0%, the rate of jasmine flower to tea dhool was 62.0%~69.8%, the temperature in tea stack was 29.3℃~32.2℃ and scenting time was 12.5βh~13.8βh. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Journal of Tea Science    1999, 19 (01): 67-72.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1999.01.012 Abstract （536）      PDF（pc） （1661KB）（369）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select SSR Identification and Pedigree Analysis of PVP Application Cultivars in Tea Plant HUANG Danjuan, MA Jianqiang, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 68-76.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.009 Abstract （596）      PDF（pc） （1433KB）（369）       Knowledge map    Save Thirty SSR markers were used in this study for molecular identification and pedigree analysis of 26 PVP application tea cultivars, and 13 similar cultivars and parents, for probing the possible application of PVP and DUS testing using SSR markers in tea plant. A total of 131 alleles were detected, the number of alleles detected by each SSR marker ranged from 3 to 7, with a mean of 4.4. The average values of Shannon index and polymorphism information content were 1.04 and 0.51, respectively. The genetic distance ranged from 0.03 to 0.70 between 39 cultivars. When the genetic distance was 0.15, they could be classified into 7 groups. Tea cultivars from the same province and genetic background were clustered into one group to some extent. The identification ability of the 30 SSR markers was quite different, each marker could identify 3-16 cultivars. The 39 tea cultivars could be clearly distinguished by 4 core primers which were used to construct the molecular fingerprinting of all cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Effects on the Yield and Quality of Oolong Tea by Covering with Shading Net Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (4): 276-282.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.04.010 Abstract （459）      PDF（pc） （87KB）（368）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of shading on ecology, physiology and biochemistry of Oolong tea by covering with black shading net in relative tea field in summer season were investigated by the authors. Results showed that in compared with control, the average temperature of daytime, maximum temperature, temperature difference and the relative humidity difference in plucking table of tea plant had been decreased remarkably, while the relative humidity of daytime and the daily minimum relative humidity in plucking table of tea plant in the shading treatment were remarkably increased. In compared with control, moisture content of shoots with one bud and three-leaves in the treatment of shading in summer and hot summer day was increased by 4.57％~6.47％ and 2.24％~2.78％ respectively. The content of total chlorophyll in leaves of the tea shoot in summer and hot summer day were respectively increased by 41.70％~48.92％and 52.38％~91.06％over the control. Similarly, chlorophyll a by 38.96％~47.25％ and 50.94％~72.52％,while chlorophyll b by 43.83％~54.58％and 67.98％~155.81％ were increased. Whereas the ratio of chlorophyll a and b was decreased by 0.1042~0.1868 and 1.10~3.54 respectively. After shading, the leaf epidermis, cuticle, palisade tissue, spongy tissue was thinned, while the lamina area was decreased, and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was decreased. After shading, the contents of tea polyphenols, crude cellulose and caffeine in fresh leaves are all obviously reduced, while the contents of amino acid in fresh leaves are obviously increased. It was regarded that moderate shading could improve the quality and the yield of Oolong tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(45) Select Study on the Analytical Method of EGCG 3″Me by HPLC in Tea SUN Ye-liang, LV Hai-peng, LIN Zhi, LI Xing-hui Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (5): 379-384.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.5.008 Abstract （507）      PDF（pc） （371KB）（368）       Knowledge map    Save EGCG3″Me was isolated by preparative HPLC system from tea and identified by NMR and LC/MS. The influence of different extracting method on the EGCG3″Me content in tea was discussed, and a simple high performance liquid chromatography analytical method of EGCG3″Me was developed. Results showed that the analytical method showed a good linear relationship between the peak area and content of EGCG3″Me (R2=0.9998) and high reproducibility. The average recovery rate of EGCG3″Me was 95.48% and the relative standard deviation(RSD)was 3.31%. The EGCG3″Me concentration in tea infusion can reach highest when the tea sample was immersed in distilled water for 5 min at 90℃. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Pattern Evolution and Spatial Agglomeration of Tea Production: A Case Study of Guangdong Province HUANG Xiujie, YAO Fei, MA Li, CHU Xialing Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (3): 415-429.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.03.012 Abstract （762）      PDF（pc） （3066KB）（368）       Knowledge map    Save Analyzing the evolution characteristics and agglomeration effect of tea production pattern is of great significance to the planning and layout of tea industry in Guangdong Province. In this study, the spatial gravity center model was introduced. The pattern evolution process and characteristics, and the spatial agglomeration effect of tea production in Guangdong Province were analyzed by using GIS technology and spatial autocorrelation analysis method. Results show that: (1) The planting area and yield of tea in Guangdong Province increased steadily from 1992 to 2017, and the growth rate was more obvious after 2008. (2) There were significant spatial differences in tea production in Guangdong. The northern and eastern Guangdong accounted for more than 85% of the planting area, and more than 83% of yield in Guangdong. The reduction in western Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta was obvious. (3) The center of gravity of tea production in Guangdong Province tended to move eastward and northward. The eastward shift of gravity center of tea planting area and yield reflected that the tea production has been gradually concentrated in east and north of Guangdong. (4) The spatial polarization and spillover of tea production in Guangdong Province were significant. The tea production agglomeration areas in Raoping, Chaoan, Dapu, Fengshun, Wuhua, Xingning, Yingde and Dongyuan were formed, which constituted the ‘hot spots’ of tea production in Guangdong Province, and they had stimulating effects on surrounding counties and cities. (5) Geographical environment and other natural factors were the basis for the expansion of area, the incentive and support of government policy was an important driving force for the formation of tea industry, the huge market consumption power was the direct factor of the rapid development of tea industry, the application and popularization of new cultivars and technologies were the important reasons for the expansion of tea planting area. The results indicate that the spatial agglomeration effect of tea production in Guangdong Province needs to be further strengthened. Next, it is necessary to promote the clustering development of tea production according to regional natural resources, geographical conditions and planting traditions, so as to enhance the market competitiveness of tea in Guangdong Province. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Purine Alkaloid Evaluation and Excellent Resources Screening of Fujian Wild Tea CHEN Xiaomin, ZHAO Feng, WANG Shuyan, SHAO Shuxian, WU Wenxi, LIN Qin, WANG Pengjie, YE Naixing Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (1): 18-28.   Abstract （535）      PDF（pc） （964KB）（368）       Knowledge map    Save A total of forty-three wild tea resources in Fujian Province were applied in the research and the contents of purine alkaloids were determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The descriptive statistical analysis and cluster analysis were carried out to systematically analyze and explore the composition characteristics of purine alkaloids in Fujian wild tea resources. The results show that large variations in the purine alkaloids were identified in tea resources, which could be divided into four specific groups: group Ⅰ with similar contents of purine alkaloids as those in normal tea cultivars, group Ⅱ with higher purine alkaloids especially high caffeine content and low theophylline and theobromine, group Ⅲ with higher purine alkaloids especially high bitter theophylline and theophylline contents, group Ⅳ with high purine alkaloids especially bitter theophylline. After comprehensive evaluation, 14 tea resources with specific purine alkaloid composition were identified, including five germplasm resources with high purine alkaloids (>60 mg·g-1), seven germplasm resources with high caffeine (>50 mg·g-1) and seven germplasm resources with high bitter theophylline (>30 mg·g-1). Through this study, it provided more information and a scientific basis for the protection, innovation, breeding, production and utilization of tea germplasm resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Agrobacterium Rhizogenes-Mediated High Frequency Hairy Root Induction and Genetic Transformation in Tea Plant ZHANG Guang-hui, LIANG Yue-rong, LU Jian-liang Journal of Tea Science    2006, 26 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2006.01.001 Abstract （901）      PDF（pc） （529KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save An efficient protocol for the establishment of transgenic high hariy root tea plant (Camellia sinensis) system induction infected by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is reported using two wild type strains of A. rhizogenes, three different co-cultivation media and six different explants. The highest induction frequency was obtained from stem segments of aseptic seedlings infected by A. rhizogenes and co-cultivated on YMB solid media with 100βmmol/L AS for 2βd. The hairy roots grew rapidly on LG0 medium without phytohormone and produced a plenty of branches and root hairs. PCR confirmed that rolA, rolB and rolC have inserted into the genomic DNA of hairy root induced by wild type A. rhizogenes. Hairy roots were also induced from explants of tea plant infected by A. rhizogenes 15834 carrying pCAMBIA2301 binary vector harboring Bt gene, transgenic root were confirmed by PCR and GUS histochemical staining that the Bt exogenous gene was inserted and expressed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Simultaneous Determination of Perchlorate and Chlorate in Tea by Ultra-peryethylene Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry SONG Zhenggui, ZHANG Shufen, ZHOU Ziyan, ZHANG Aizhi, SHEN Jian, FU Xiao, LI Hesheng, XING Jiali, MAN Zhengyin, ZHAO Chunling, CAO Lili Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 597-604.   Abstract （458）      PDF（pc） （976KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save A method using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of perchlorate and chlorate in tea. Tea extracts were purified by ProElut C18, separated by Click Xion column. The mobile phases were 5βmmol·L-1 ammonium formate/water (A) and methanol: 5βmmol·L-1 ammonium formate/water =9︰1 (B). The pH was adjusted to 3.2 by formic acid and the samples were then analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The method was applied to detect perchlorate and chlorate in tea. The average recovery and relative standard deviations were in the range of 60.5%-85.8% and 4.9%-7.7%, respectively. The detecting limits of perchlorate and chlorate were 3βμg·kg-1 and 5βμg·kg-1, respectively. The method is simple, quick and high sensitive, which is suitable for the determination of perchlorate and chlorate in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2000, 20 (01): 19-21.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2000.01.004 Abstract （564）      PDF（pc） （1055KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Methods of Plant Functional Genomics and Their Application in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) QIAO Xiao-yan, CHEN Dong, LI Jia-xian, WU Hua-ling, HUANG Hua-lin, HE Yu-mei, YAN Chang-yu Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (4): 362-368.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.04.013 Abstract （362）      PDF（pc） （581KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save With the generation of a great number of gene sequences, the research of plant genomics is moving from structural genomics to functional genomics, along with some new methodologies and techniques. The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) has a large and complex genome. Although functional genomics research on tea plant started later, great progress has been achieved so far. In this paper, the research progress and breakthrough on tea functional genomics based the application of these new technologies have been reviewed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Isolation of Endophytic Antifungal and Pesticide Degrading Bacteria from Tea Plant HONG Yong-cong, XIN Wei, LAI Yu-bin, WENG Xin, HU Fang-ping Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (3): 183-188.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.03.005 Abstract （653）      PDF（pc） （352KB）（366）       Knowledge map    Save The screening and identification of endophytic bacteria from the healthy and diseased leaves of various tea cultivar plants were conducted. Results showed that the endophytic bacteria were accounted in 2.9×106~39.4×106βcfu/(g•fw) in tea cultivars plants. The TL2 stain showed strongly antagonistic activity against leaf fungal pathogens of tea-plant. It showed a good protecting effect when inoculated the TL2 strain bacteria firstly than inoculated the tea grey blight pathogen(Pestallozzia theae) later, Besides, it showed a strong degrative activity to cypermethrin. The TL2 bacteria strain could colonize within tea plant. According to the results of identification, the TL2 bacteria strain was identified as bacillas subtilis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(12) Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (01): 21-26.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.01.00 Abstract （374）      PDF（pc） （113KB）（366）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select The Mathematical Model of Tea Rolling YANG Yuan-qing, YIN Jie Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (1): 38-40.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.01.008 Abstract （575）      PDF（pc） （225KB）（365）       Knowledge map    Save In tea rolling, the rolled twig rate is expressed as the regularity of twice curve equation with the extension of rolling time, the mathematical equation is: y=5.6277x–0.077x2–17.1439 and the broken cell rate is expressed as the regularity of the natural logarithm curve equation, the mathematical equation is: y=85.3e-11.9/x . For improving the quality of tea, the rolling time would be controlled between 30~40βminutes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Tea Germplasm Resources Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Jianghua Revealed by ISSR Markers LI Dan, LI Duan-sheng, YANG Chun, WANG Qing, LUO Jun-wu Journal of Tea Science    2012, 32 (2): 135-141.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2012.02.013 Abstract （479）      PDF（pc） （648KB）（365）       Knowledge map    Save The 10 pairs of ISSR primers were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism and genetic relationship of 70 Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Jianghua individuals. Totally 174 bands were generated with 10 ISSR primers, of which 166 (95.40％) were polymorphic, which indicated that the genetic diversity of Jianghua population was relatively high. The mean Nei´s gene diversity (H) and Shannon´s information index (I) of the tested tea germplasm were 0.382 and 0.558 respectively, indicating a rather high genetic diversity existed between the germplasm resources. The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.44 to 0.84, averaging 0.63. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that all the tested individuals could be classified into 6 groups including 5 complex groups and 1 simple group. The genetic relationship of all 70 Jianghua individuals was revealed by the ISSR dendrogram, which provide the basis for the utilization and protection of this local landrace population. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Farinograph and Extensograph Characteristics of Wheat Dough Added with UGA-TP HUANG Yun-yun, ZHU Yue-jin, WANG Xing-guo, JIN Qing-zhe, ZHANG Hai-hua, LI Da-wei, ZHANG Shi-kang Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (2): 185-191.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.02.003 Abstract （722）      PDF（pc） （609KB）（363）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, wheat flour with different gluten strength were dry-blended with UGA-TP. Dough mixing and stretching properties were assessed by farinograph and extensograph, respectively. The results showed that the indicators of samples added with UGA-TP were significantly different from those of the control samples. For example, the water absorption of flour increased, the dough development time and stability time extended because of the addition of UGA-TP. When face up to 45 min, 90 min, 135 min, the tensile resistance, the stretching area, tensile ratio of weak flour and plain flour were dough increased. On the contrary, extension of dough was decreased. The data showed that the weak folur dough was most affected. Mainly as the water absorption increased by 2.9%, formation time increased by 8.7min, and stabilization time of dough increased by 19.2 min. Face up to 45 min as an example, the stretching area of the weak flour increased to 134 cm2 from 76 cm2, the tensile resistance increased to 645 BU from 300 BU, the tensile ratio increased to 4.9 from 2.1, the extensibility reduced from 142 to 131. In summary,the processing properties of different gluten wheat added with UGA-TP were improved in which the weak flour showed a great influence. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Analysis of Optical Isomers of Linalool in Tea Aromatic Components YANG Ting, ZHU Yin, LYU Haipeng, MA Chengying, ZHANG Yue, SHI Jiang, LIU Shuang, LIN Zhi Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (2): 137-144.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.02.005 Abstract （845）      PDF（pc） （663KB）（363）       Knowledge map    Save Linalool is one of the most important tea aroma components with high content, and it has two optical isomers, namely 3R-(-)-Linalool and 3S-(+)-Linalool, both show entirely different aroma qualities. In this study, a method using chiral chromatographic column and based on headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) was developed to analyze 3R-(-)-Linalool and 3S-(+)-Linalool in green tea and black tea samples. Results showed that 3R-(-)-Linalool and 3S-(+)-Linalool isomers were existed in green and black tea. The ratio of the relative content of 3S-(+)-Linalool to that of 3R-(-)-Linalool in green tea ranged from 2.07 to 14.05, with an average ratio of the relative content of 5.21, while, the ratio varied greatly in steamed green tea, roasted green tea and baking green tea. The ratio of the relative content of 3S-(+)-Linalool and 3R-(-)-Linalool were the highest in baking green tea (8.05), with the lowest in steamed green tea (2.72), and 4.78 in roasted green tea. The ratio of the relative content of 3S-(+)-Linalool to that of 3R-(-)-Linalool in black tea ranged from 0.65 to 0.82, with an average ratio of the relative content of 0.74. The ratio of the two optical isomers during the processing of green and black tea was analyzed as well, with the highest found following de-enzyme stage during the processing of green tea and following 2 h fermentation of black tea (5.78 and 1.59 respectively). Fresh leaves of 12 tea cultivars were also analyzed. Moreover, it varied greatly in different tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Taxonomic Study on the Dendrocola of the Tea Plantations in Southern Area of Henan Province LU Dong-sheng, WU Xiao-qin Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (4): 243-248.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.04.004 Abstract （493）      PDF（pc） （39KB）（363）       Knowledge map    Save The present paper is to report the classification of fungi on tea bushes in Southern part of Henan Province. Two hundred and thirty four specimens were collected by the author from 13 tea gardens, and 46 species in 27 genera belonging to 13 families have been identified. Among them, 17 species are new records of those which are living on tea bushes in China and 19 species are new records in Henan Province. The distribution and the bioecological habit of every species of the fungi are given. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(19) Select Effect of Cadmium Ions on Photosynthetic Structure and Its Functions of Tea Leaves SU Jin-wei, WANG Xiang-Ping Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (1): 65-69.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.01.013 Abstract （547）      PDF（pc） （726KB）（362）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plant was cultivated in Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0.5βmmol/L Cd2+ for 8 days. Tea leaves lost their green color gradually with the change in the ultrastructure of the chloroplast . At the early stage, there was a slight decrease in the number of granum thylakoids. Then, the thylakoids piled up loosely, and chloroplasts rounded off to different extents. At the late stage , the structure of the chloroplast related to thylakoid became unclear, while the thylakoid system was disintegrated abnormally with a few single bent and swell thylakoids, and some ruptured envelope of chloroplast. Cadmium ions significantly inhibited the photosynthesis activity and led to the decline in the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio. Further more the photochemical efficiency of PSII（Fv/Fm）and the potential activity of PSII（Fv/Fo）decreased in different degrees with increasing Cd2+ stress . The pollution duration resulted in the damage of photosynthetic structure in tea leaf cells. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(21) Select Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis of Camellia ptilophylla AO Cheng-qi Journal of Tea Science    2004, 24 (1): 37-40.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2004.01.007 Abstract （532）      PDF（pc） （1151KB）（362）       Knowledge map    Save To Camellia ptilophylla, the cytokinesis at the time of pollen mother cell meiosis conforms to simultaneous type. The arrangment of microspores in tetrad is isobilateral.The mature pollen grain is of the 2-cell type.The development of the anther wall follows Basic-type,tapetum glandular,ovules anatropous, bitegminous, tenuinucellate and the embryo sac belongs to Allium type. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis of Aroma Components in Big-leaf Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) Flower Using Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction Coupled with GC/MS WANG Chen, LÜ Shidong, LIAN Ming, MENG Qingxiong Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (2): 175-183.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.02.008 Abstract （690）      PDF（pc） （926KB）（362）       Knowledge map    Save The volatile components of tea flower (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), which was collected from tea garden in Pu-erh district, were extracted by fully automated headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and compared with the volatile components of Pu-erh green tea from same tea garden. The results showed that 9 and 67 kinds of volatile components were identified in tea flower and Pu-erh raw tea, respectively. Among them, hydrocarbons and alcohols were two major volatile components. Comparison showed that all volatile components of the tea flower were also found in Pu-erh green tea. Our results suggests that the tea flower may have similar aroma to tea leaves, and can also be mixed with tea leaves to improve the aromatic flavor. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Determination of Aflatoxins B1 in Tea by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detector with Post-column Photochemical Reaction ZHAO Hao-jun, WANG Kun, YANG Wei-hua, YANG Chao-yi Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (3): 237-241.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.03.001 Abstract （661）      PDF（pc） （540KB）（362）       Knowledge map    Save A new method for the sensitive determination of Aflatoxins B1 in tea by high performance liquid chromatography with photoelectric reactor and fluorescence detector was established. A solution of V(acetonitrile)∶V(H2O)=86∶14 was used to extract Aflatoxins B1 from tea. The extracted solution was then purified by a multifunctional and immuneaffinity column, respectively. The peak area and the concentration of Aflatoxins B1 showed a good linear relationship within the range from 0.591βμg/L to 5.91βμg/L with a linear correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9994. The recoveries at the concentrations studied [low level (7.090βμg/kg), high level (14.180βμg/kg)] were between 85.6% and 98.9% with a relative standard deviations ranging from 1.7% to 1.8%. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.1βμg/kg (S/N=3). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) is (0.591βμg/kg). The new method was used to analyze eight tea samples collected from the local markets and negative results were obtained. The method is suitable for detection of Aflatoxins B1 in tea with high selectivity and sensitivity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(10) Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (02): 170-174.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.02.022 Abstract （360）      PDF（pc） （92KB）（362）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1984, 4 (01): 31-38.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1985.01.005 Abstract （445）      PDF（pc） （3126KB）（361）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Functional Analysis of the CsMYB Promoter In Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis L.) ZHENG Shizhong, JIANG Shengtao, LIU Wei, CHEN Meixia, LIN Yuling, LAI Zhongxiong, LIN Jinke Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (6): 580-588.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.06.004 Abstract （687）      PDF（pc） （1263KB）（360）       Knowledge map    Save The 1β828βbp full-length gDNA of CsMYB and a 1β038βbp 5′-flanking sequence of CsMYB (named proMYB) were cloned from the shoots of tea cultivar ‘1005’by gDNA cloning and genome-walking method. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the gDNA of CsMYB contained 2 introns and 3 extrons. The cis-acting element analysis showed that the proMYB promoter contained 5′-UTR Py-rich stretch motifs, TATA-box, CAAT-box core elements putative elements responding to hormone, light, stresses and some cis-elements with unknown or specific function, suggesting the inducible character of proMYB. It was also implied that CsMYB might be involved in abiotic stress responses and hormonal signal transduction in tea plant. The transient expression in transformed tobacco showed that the proMYB could drive the expressions of downstream genes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Preliminary Research on Induced Biodegradation of PCBs of Tea Saponin LI Xuelian, FANG Zhiguo, XIA Huilong Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (1): 91-96.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.017 Abstract （480）      PDF（pc） （688KB）（360）       Knowledge map    Save Two bacterial strains named temporally as WTS and YTS were separated from the soil, and they could utilize tea saponin for growing and showed significant promotion effect on the biodegradation of PCBs. Under the condition of coexistence with tea saponin, the degradation rate constants of PCB 77, PCB 118 and PCB 138 were increased by 4.3 times, 4.8 times and 2.8 times, respectively, by WTS, and 7.1 times, 9.1 times and 8.9 times. respectively, by YTS compared to those treatments without tea saponin. The results indicated that tea saponin could promote the biodegradation of PCBs, implying that tea saponin might be a potential inducer for the biodegration of PCBs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Toxicology of an Anti-radiation Preparation of Tea-polyphenols WANG Yue-fei, LIANG Shan-zhu, ZHANG Shi-kang, CHEN Hong-bo, ZHU Yue-jin, HUANG Shuang-ru, YANG Xian-qiang Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (5): 405-410.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.05.002 Abstract （544）      PDF（pc） （643KB）（360）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the edible safety of anti-radiation preparations of tea polyphenol, the experiment included acute toxicity test, Ames test, micronucleus test, sperm shape abnormality test and thirty days feeding test were performed. Results showed that the oral maximum tolerance dose(MTD) was higher than 20.0 g/kg·bw both in female and male mice and rats. The results on toxicity of Ames test, micronucleus test, sperm shape abnormality test and mutagencity were negative. No toxicological symptom was appeared in tested animals from thirty days feeding test. It is concluded that the anti-radiation preparations of tea-polyphenol was classified as non-toxicology and genotoxicity, high edible safety. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(5) Select Estimating the Quality of Tea Leaf Materials Based on Contents of Moisture, Total Nitrogen and Crude Fiber by NIR-PLS Techniques WANG Sheng-peng, WAN Xiao-chun, LIN Mao-xian, ZHANG Zheng-zhu Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (1): 66-71.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.01.011 Abstract （492）      PDF（pc） （220KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save In order to estimate the quality of the fresh tea leaves by near infrared spectrum (NIRS) technique, the correlative model equation between near infrared spectrum of the fresh tea leaves and their corresponding moisture, crude fiber and total nitrogen amounts respectively through cross-validation and partial least squares (PLS) method were established in this paper. When the dimension was 7, the three indicators of R value were 0.92, 0.86 and 0.90, root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) were 0.769, 0.332 and 0.742, respectively. A quality coefficient equation was suggested depending on the contents of moisture, crude fiber and entire nitrogen of fresh tea leaves. According to the quality coefficient equation of fresh tea leaf raw material, the quality coefficient of fresh tea leaves was obtained. The larger quality coefficient is, the higher quality of fresh leaf is. Thus, we developed a new method for the evaluation for the quality of fresh tea leaves by using NIRS was developed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(22) Select Differential Proteomic Analysis in Normal Tea Shoot and Exogenous Induced Tea Shoot for Increasing EGCG Content LIN Jin-ke, ZHENG Jin-gui, YUAN Ming, ZHANG Xue-qin, Wang Feng Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (2): 109-115.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.02.005 Abstract （342）      PDF（pc） （364KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save Induced by harmless inducer, the EGCG content of tea shoots improved 20.15%~25.00%. To probe into the molecular mechanism, the immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate the total proteins of induced tea shoots and normal tea shoots. The two- dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis map with high resolution and repeatability was produced. Differential expression analysis indicated that 14 specific proteins were emerged in induced shoot and 8 disappeared, 11 expressed above ten-fold, and 6 below one-tenth. Two differential protein spots were selected for MALDI-TOF-MS to determine the post-enzymolysis peptide mass fingerprinting. Using Mascot to search NCBInr database on website at http://www.matrixscience.com. The results were as follows: one was photosystem I iron-sulfur protein, and the another unkown. The results showed that there were proteome difference between induced and normal tea shoots, that the specific protein might play an important part during inducing process. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(10) Select Determination of 21 Pesticide Residues in Tea by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry JIN Lili, HAO Zhenxia, GAO Guanwei, CHAI Yunfeng, WANG Chen, CHEN Hongping, LU Chengyin Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (6): 595-605.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.06.006 Abstract （657）      PDF（pc） （710KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save A ultra performance liquid chromatography orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry method for the determination of 21 pesticides in tea was developed. The tea samples were extracted by methanol-water (Vmethanol∶Vwater=1∶1), and cleaned up by a mixture of adsorbents containing primary secondary amine and strong cation exchanger. The chromatography analysis was performed on a C18 column. The target analytes were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry under Full Scan mode. The results showed that the linearities of 21 pesticides ranged from 0.5βμg·L-1 to 200βμg·L-1 with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. At the spiked levels of 10, 50 and 100βμg·kg-1, the average recoveries were from 70% to 125%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 15%. The limits of quantitation were 10βμg·kg-1. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and appropriate for the determination of 21 pesticide residues in tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1986, 6 (01): 1-8.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1986.01.001 Abstract （969）      PDF（pc） （410KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2001, 21 (01): 38-43.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2001.01.010 Abstract （365）      PDF（pc） （1622KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Anthocyanin Accumulation and Expression of Synthesis-related Genes in Leaves of Different Developmental Stages in Camellia sinensis cv. Zijuan JIANG Huibing, SUN Yunnan, LI Mei, DAI Weidong, SONG Weixi, TIAN Yiping, XIA Lifei, CHEN Linbo Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (2): 174-182.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.02.008 Abstract （774）      PDF（pc） （987KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the regulatory factors and structural genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaves of different developmental stages in C. sinensis cv. Zijuan, anthocyanin contents and compositions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass, and the expression of synthesis-related genes were tested by RNA-sequencing and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling technology. HPLC-MS analysis showed that the anthocyanin content was consistent with color changes, increased firstly and then decreased with the leaf positions of Zijuan, with the highest anthocyanin content in the second leaf (9.87βmg·g-1) and the lowest content in mature leaf (0.11βmg·g-1). DGE determination results showed that the expression levels of PAL gene were relatively high in bud, second leaf and open surface leaf, but low in mature leaf. C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, F3'5'H and ANS showed a pattern of declining expression as PAL in different leaf positions of Zijuan. FLS was firstly up-regulated in the second leaf and then declined in the mature leaf, which was consistent to the anthocyanin changes. DFR showed no clear expression pattern. GT and ACT exhibited similar expression patterns, which were up-regulated in the second, open surface and mature leaves. ANR and LAR showed similar expression patterns, which were high in bud, second and open surface leaves, but low in mature leaf. The gene expression of bHLH, MYB and WDR showed different expression patterns in different leaf positons of Zijuan. These results suggested that the temporal expression specificities of structural and regulatory genes may significantly affect the accumulation of anthocyanin in Zijuan. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of CsbHLH2 in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) HAN Yongtao, XIAO Bin, QIAN Wenjun, LIANG Shaoru Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (5): 481-490.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.05.012 Abstract （447）      PDF（pc） （1245KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save The bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix) transcription factor is one of the most important transcription factor in plants, which play important roles in plant growth and stress regulation. The bHLH transcription factor CsbHLH2 was cloned from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) cultivars ‘Shanchayihao’ by homologous cloning technology using cDNA template. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the CsbHLH2 contains 714 bp ORF and was predicted encoding 297 amino acid, the deduced protein molecular weight was 58.4 kD and its theoretical isoelectric point was 5.14. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that CsbHLH2 was highly homologous to other higher plant bHLH proteins. Transient expression of recombinant plasmid CsbHLH2/PBI221-GFP in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that CsbHLH2 was located in cell nuclei. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the expression profiles showed that the CsbHLH2 gene was expressed in bud, leaf, stem and root. The highest expression level of the CsbHLH2 was found in the young leaf. Different hormone treatments results showed that the CsbHLH2 was induced by ETH, MEJA and SA treatment, respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Diversity Analysis of Tea Germplasm in Shaanxi Province Based on SCoT Marker CHEN Xi, ZHANG Yu, LI Jiao, XI Yanjun, ZHANG Yanqing Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (2): 131-138.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.02.003 Abstract （570）      PDF（pc） （975KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save Genetic diversity of 50 tea germplasm materials in Shaanxi was investigated. Taking 6 representative Shaanxi tea germplasm materials as templates, 38 of 121 SCoT marker primers were screened out, which showed specific bands and highly polymorphism. The results showed that SCoT markers could reveal high genetic diversity among tea germplasm, and each primer can detect out 4 to 17 alleles. On average, 11 allelic variations could be detected by each SCoT marker. 414 DNA fragments were amplified via 38 pairs of SCoT primer, of which 400 showed polymorphism and the ratio (PPB) was 96.62%. In addition, genetic polymorphism information content of each SCoT locus was between 0.56 and 0.99, the average of which was 0.90 for the tested materials, and the genetic similarity coefficient was between 0.59 and 0.71. The research showed that SCoT marker could be used in the genetic diversity research of tea germplasm. Basing on SCoT marker, genetic diversity level of these Shaanxi tea germplasms were relatively high in the genetic diversity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Enzymatic Treatment on Aroma Quality of Anxi Tie-Guan-Yin Harvested in Summer XIAO Shi-qing, ZHANG Xue-bo, DU Xian-feng, LIN Duan-lian Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (4): 341-348.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.04.006 Abstract （541）      PDF（pc） （466KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the quality of Anxi Tie-Guan-Yin harvested in summer, laccase, α-galactosidase and combined-enzyme were applied in the processing of Anxi Tie-Guan-Yin. The quality of the tea samples were compared by sensory evaluation and the volatile constituents were investigated by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that the relative level of the total aroma oil in the tea samples treated by enzymes were more than that in the untreated samples. α-Galactosidase treatment greatly improved the contents of aldehydes and alcohols. Laccase treatment greatly improved the contents of esters. Both of the two enzymes significantly increased the contents of alkenes. Nerolidol, indole and farnesene were found to be the most important odor-active compounds in Tie-Guan-Yin. The relative contents of these three compounds were all increased in tea samples by different enzymatic treatments. The sensory evaluation showed that the grassy smell of tea reduced and the flowery smell appeared by combined-enzyme treatment. The results indicated that enzymatic treatment improved the aroma quality of Anxi Tie-Guan-Yin harvested in summer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2) Select Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Wild Tea Plants in Sichuan and Chongqing by ISSR Markers WANG Heng-hong, SUO Hua-yi, YANG Jian, LIU Qin-jin Journal of Tea Science    2009, 29 (2): 168-172.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.013 Abstract （511）      PDF（pc） （221KB）（358）       Knowledge map    Save The ISSR markers were used to analysis the genetic diversity of 12 important wild tea plants in the areas of Sichuan and Chongqing. Seven primers were screened from 60 random primers, and a total of 146 DNA bands were amplified, among which 139(95.2%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA bands was 21. ISSR data matrix was built according to this method which is to record 1 when there is an amplified band, and 0 when there is not. Nei' s gene diversity (H) and Shannon's information index (I) were 0.20 and 0.34, respectively. Through the UPGAM cluster analysis of 12 wild tea plants, the genetic similarity among all the tested wild teas ranged from 0.37 to 0.71, averaging 0.51. Based on it, a DNA molecular dendrogram was established. The dendrogram divided the 12 wild teas into three groups. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(11) Select Journal of Tea Science    1997, 17 (01): 27-32.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1997.01.005 Abstract （311）      PDF（pc） （163KB）（357）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on Literatures of Tea Medicine in China ZHU Yong-xing, DENG Jun-qi Journal of Tea Science    2003, 23 (2): 129-135.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2003.02.009 Abstract （553）      PDF（pc） （410KB）（356）       Knowledge map    Save 1060 tea medical literatures were collected from more than 7000 Chinese periodicals. These literatures were written by 653 authors (the first author) from 352 institutions, and were published in 399 periodicals. Cao Jin was the author who wrote the highest amounts of academic papers on tea medical thesis, the institution that possessed the highest amounts of such kind of papers was Zhejiang (Agricultural) University, and the periodical that published the highest amounts of such kind of papers was JOURNAL OF TEA SCIENCE. There are 13 kinds of components with medical values in tea. These components possess 7 kinds of effect concerning human health, such as anti-oxidation, metabolizing modulation, providing important nutrition etc, and by which tea was concerned to prevention and cure of more than twenty kinds of diseases such as diseases on liver, kidney, lung, tummy, the five sense organs and tumors. Following aspects were also statistically analyzed and discussed in the paper: the developing law and trend of tea medical literatures, the distribution and composition of authors, institutions and journals of which the literatures were published. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(8) Select Virulence Difference of Two Strains of EoNPV Isolates to Ectropis obliqua and Ectropis grisescens XU Bin, HAN Guangjie, QI Jianhang, LI Chuanming, XU Jian, LU Yurong, LIU Qin Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (4): 545-552.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2021.04.008 Abstract （729）      PDF（pc） （824KB）（355）       Knowledge map    Save The virulence differences of Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus (EoNPV) from different isolates to Ectropis obliqua and Ectropis grisescens were analyzed, which provided a basis for effectively improving the control effect of EoNPV. The virulence of EoNPV Zhejiang strain (EoNPV-ZJ) and EoNPV Jiangxi strain (EoNPV-JX) to third instar larvae of E. obliqua and E. grisescens were determined by leaf dipping. The homologous regions (hrs) of EoNPV-ZJ and EoNPV-JX were further sequenced and analyzed by multiple sequence alignment. The results indicate that the 14 d LC50 of EoNPV-JX to E. grisescens and E. obliqua were 5.95×106 PIB·mL-1 and 3.14×106 PIB·mL-1, respectively, while the 14 d LC50 of EoNPV-ZJ to the two tea geometrid moths were 1.13×107 PIB·mL-1 and 5.04×106 PIB·mL-1, respectively. The hr1 of EoNPV-JX and EoNPV-ZJ were both 1 795 bp in size, containing 11 complete palindrome sequences, and hr3 were both 665 bp in size, containing 3 complete palindrome sequences, which were the same as EoNPV Anhui strain (EoNPV-AH). However, the hr2 regions of the three strains were different. The hr2 of EoNPV-JX was 864 bp in size and contained 7 complete palindrome sequences, and it was 1 168 bp in size and contained 12 complete palindrome sequences in EoNPV-ZJ, all of which were less than the 18 complete palindrome sequences of hr2 in EoNPV-AH. Our study suggests that the virulence of different strains of EoNPV to E. obliqua were higher than that of its related species, E. grisescens, while the toxicity of EoNPV-JX to E. grisescens was more than that of EoNPV-ZJ. The sensitivity of E. obliqua to EoNPV was higher than that of E. grisescens. The virulence of EoNPV might be related to the number of palindromes of hr2. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Preliminary Study on SNP Molecular Markers in Tea Chloroplast Genome LUO Xiangzong, HU Yunfei, WU Linhui, ZHAO Yaqi, ZHENG Weiming, LI Xiangru, LI Li Journal of Tea Science    2022, 42 (6): 768-778.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.06.012 Abstract （525）      PDF（pc） （1518KB）（355）       Knowledge map    Save The application value of traditional chloroplast gene molecular markers in tea section classification is limited relatively. The aim of this study was to screen out SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) combinations that could be used for tea plant identification and maternal traceability. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequences of 18 reported tea plants were compared. By designing universal primers, the candidate molecular markers were amplified and analyzed by sanger sequencing in 169 tea cultivars/strains, and 16 pairs of primers containing 25 SNP loci were screened out. This set of SNP molecular markers can be used for maternal traceability and identification analysis of tea cultivars. In addition, the DNA fingerprints composed of SNP sites were digitally encoded in combination with the basic information of tea resources, and finally a 30-digit molecular ID card of tea resources was formed, and corresponding barcodes and two-dimensional codes were constructed for cultivar identification. The data from this study provided a new idea for maternal origin tracing and identification of tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Distribution Characteristics of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in Tea Fresh Leaves HU Linling, LIU Zunying, LIU Qiuling, FENG Jinyu, LONG Jinhua, XIAO Wenjun Journal of Tea Science    2014, 34 (6): 565-571.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2014.06.017 Abstract （518）      PDF（pc） （640KB）（355）       Knowledge map    Save The distribution characteristics of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon(PAHs) in different fresh tea leaves of different tea cultivars in different seasons were analyzed by using HPLC. Results showed that Zhenghedabaicha has lowest concentration of 16 PAHs and lowest standard deviation between Zhenghedabai, Taoyuandaye and Xiangfeicui, the average content is 126.92 μg·kg-1, the standard deviation is 17.59 μg·kg-1, the concentration of 16 PAHs and standard deviation in different part of tea leaves is expressed as: the bud< the second leaf< the fourth leaf< the sixth leaf, the PAHs′ concentration in bud is 119.13 μg·kg-1, standard deviation is 14.36 μg·kg-1. The concentration of 16 PAHs in different seasons is expressed as autumn<spring<summer in one year. The concentration of PAHs in autumn is 112.75 μg·kg-1, standard deviation is 11.97 μg·kg-1, 16 PAHs in fresh tea leaves are mainly composed of 2, 3 rings, account for about 80%. The proportion of 4-6 rings PAHs is lower. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1986, 6 (02): 31-40.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1986.02.005 Abstract （396）      PDF（pc） （468KB）（355）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1991, 11 (01): 77-82.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1991.01.018 Abstract （372）      PDF（pc） （320KB）（354）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Organization of Chinese Tea Industry:Performance and Policy SU Zhu-cheng Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (3): 264-272.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.03.012 Abstract （641）      PDF（pc） （398KB）（354）       Knowledge map    Save The organization of Chinese tea industry, its performance and policy, were discussed in this paper. The present organizational structure of Chinese tea industry showed some features such as small householder of tea garden, no-monopoly competition, market division between primary and refining production, processing for exportation according to giving samples and so on. From perspective of other major tea-production countries, the organizational structure was characterized by vertical proportional share-distribution in Sri Lanka, cooperation institution of farmers in Japan and exportation of black tea by auction market, which had some significant implication for us. It was suggested that,targeting the market entry of small householder of tea garden and integration of primary and refining production, industry polices should focused on innovation of institution and technology. Besides, transformation of mode of exportation transaction should also be explored. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Study on Scientific Input-output Efficiency of Tea Research Institute in China during the Year of 2006~2010 YANG Zhen-wei, YANG Ya-jun Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (6): 561-566.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.06.007 Abstract （494）      PDF（pc） （630KB）（352）       Knowledge map    Save The scientific input-output efficiency of ten Tea Research Institutes at or above provincial level in China was investigated by using DEA method during the year of 2006~2010. The result showed that institutes’ input & output efficiency keep well in total, but not 100% is efficient. Nine institutes were effective, and their scale and resources allocation level was in good situation. One institute was PE invalid and in scale decrease stage, it needs to strengthened scientific research management and improved resource allocative efficiency, to increase output and make DEA efficient. The correlation between input item and output item was investigated. The results showed that all outputs items correlate positively with the input items of fund and staff, while not positively with per capita fund. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Clone, Expression and Functional Analysis of Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Gene of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) WANG Yun-sheng, XU Yu-jiao, HU Xiao-jing, JIANG Xiao-lan, YANG Qing, LI Wei-wei, LIU Ya-jun, GAO Li-ping, XIA Tao Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (3): 193-201.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.03.010 Abstract （559）      PDF（pc） （1272KB）（352）       Knowledge map    Save Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of catechins in tea plant. However, the functions and the zymologic properties of DFR were not deeply identified in recent researches. The open reading frame of DFR gene, which encoding a 347 amino acids protein, was cloned from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by RT-PCR. The deduced protein molecular weight was 38.69βkD and its theoretical isoelectric point was 6.02. The gene was cloned into the expression vector SUMO for expression in prokaryotic cells. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase peoteins was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The optimal inducing conditions including time, temperature and IPTG concentration were studied. The deduced protein was purified and its activity was detected by HPLC-MS method. The results indicated that purified protein showed the DFR activity, catalyzed the reduction reaction of DHQ and DHM. The research provides a valuable foundation for better understanding the substrate specificity and enzymatic properties of CsDFR. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of Exogenous Calcium and Inhibitors of Calcium Signaling Transduction Pathway on Cold Resistance of Tea Plant HUANG Yuting, QIAN Wenjun, WANG Bo, CAO Hongli, WANG Lu, HAO Xinyuan, WANG Xinchao, YANG Yajun Journal of Tea Science    2015, 35 (6): 520-526.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.06.002 Abstract （752）      PDF（pc） （1078KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save The calcium signal transduction pathway plays a pivotal role in the response to the stress of low temperatures. In order to verify the relationship between calcium signal transduction pathway and cold resistance of tea plant, the changes of some cold resistance related index were measured under artificial low temperature stress in climatron accompanied with using exogenous CaCl2, CaM inhibitor W-7 [N-(6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide] and calcium signal channel inhibitor LaCl3, respectively. Calcium signaling transduction pathway inhibitors W-7 and LaCl3 improved electrolyte leakage, enhanced contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion radical (O2·-) and proline, reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with control treatment, however, CaCl2 treatment showed opposite effects. It showed that calcium signaling system play an important role in the response to low temperature stress in tea plant. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(4) Select Study on the Beverage Suitability of Two Different Flavour Types of Raw Teas YUAN Hai-bo, XU Yong-quan, DENG Yu-liang, YIN Jun-feng Journal of Tea Science    2010, 30 (S1): 544-550.   Abstract （372）      PDF（pc） （831KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save Two beverages made from raw teas with pure and high-fire flavors respectively were studied for their suitability before and after sterilization with high temperature, and stored at the temperature of 37℃ and 4℃ for 7 d, respectively, by measuring polyphenols, amino acids, protein, total sugar and other chemical components, and catechin components, aroma components as well as color, turbidity, combined with color, aroma, taste and other sensory evaluation. The results showed that (1) Sterilization at high temperature was easy to produce cooked taste or frowzily smell, resulting in adverse effects on aroma and taste. (2) Different storage methods had significant impact on the aroma and taste, tea beverage with high-fire aromatic taste should be consumed in a short period storage; tea beverage with pure flavor could be saved at low-temperature for relatively long time, and the flavor could be deteriorated at high temperature. (3) Cold storage to a certain extent could effectively alleviate the color deterioration of tea beverage, and hot would accelerate etiolation of tea drink. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(1) Select Study on Extraction and SeparationProcess of EGCG3˝Me LUO Zheng-fei, JIN Xiao-fang, GONG Zheng-li, LIANG Min-zhi, WANG Yi, WANG Li-bo, CHEN Ji-wei Journal of Tea Science    2011, 31 (3): 218-224.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2011.03.003 Abstract （499）      PDF（pc） （413KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save ：The extraction and separation process of EGCG3˝Me was studied by HPLC, polyamide resin and HPTLC methods. According to the orthogonal experimental design, the optimum extracting conditions of EGCG3˝Me were as follows: alcohol concentration 70%, reflux time 30 min, reflux temperature 80℃ and solid-liquid ratio 1:10. And the yield of EGCG3˝Me was 0.89%. Large amount of EGCG3˝Me was found in the elution of alcohol concentration 40% and 60%. With elution of methanol: chloroform (7:2), the high purity EGCG3˝Me was obtained by further separation and purification of 100~120 mesh polyamide resin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Comparison of Leaf Structures and Empoasca Onukii Matsuda Honeydew Excretion among Five Tea Cultivars (Strains) LIU Fengjing, RAN Wei, LI Xiwang, WANG Suqin, SUN Xiaoling Journal of Tea Science    2020, 40 (5): 625-631.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.008 Abstract （856）      PDF（pc） （449KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save The food consumptions of Empoasca onukii female adults feeding on the leaves of five tea cultivars (strains) were compared by weighing the honeydew excretion after 24 h. The leaf structures and colors of five tea cultivars (strains) were also compared. Further analysis illustrated the relationship between plant resistance to E.onukii and leaf structures. The results show that: (1) the food consumption of female adults feeding on cv. Zhongxuan 10 was significantly lower than those feeding on other cultivars (strains), and there was no significant difference between the male and female adults. (2) The leaf area, blade thickness, upper skin thickness, lower skin thickness and chromatic aberration of different tea cultivars (strains) had little effect on E. onukii’s honeydew excretion. The density of leaf pubescence was negatively correlated to the honeydew excretion, but the length of leaf pubescence had a positive correlation with the honeydew excretion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Different Plucking Season on Aroma Constituents in Deep-Fermented Lingtoudancong Oolong Tea ZHANG Ling-yun, ZHANG Yan-zhong, YE Han-zhong Journal of Tea Science    2007, 27 (3): 236-242.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2007.03.002 Abstract （577）      PDF（pc） （437KB）（350）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of different plucking season on aroma constituents in Lingtoudancong Oolong tea was investigated by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. Results showed that the tea which plucked in summer possessed more kinds of aroma constituents, higher total essential oil and lower concentration of flower aroma constituents. The tea plucked in spring and autumn possessed fewer kinds of aromatic constituents, lower amounts of essential oil, but with higher concentration of characteristic aroma constituents. The difference of characteristic aroma constituents expressed in the contents of linalool and linalool oxide in different plucking season. The tea plucked in autumn and spring seasons showed lower content of linalool and linalool oxide (50.98%~51.72%). However tea plucked in summer season showed a higher content of linalool oxide, cadinol and muurolene (more than 70.33%). The concentration of essential constituents such as α-citral, indole, jasmone and nerolidol are higher in autumn tea than those in other teas. The result of sensory evaluation showed that the sensory quality score of autumn tea is higher. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(7) Select Journal of Tea Science    1990, 10 (01): 71-78.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1990.01.014 Abstract （331）      PDF（pc） （427KB）（350）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1985, 5 (01): 7-17.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1985.01.002 Abstract （260）      PDF（pc） （473KB）（350）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of Natural Low-temperature on Endogenous Hormones of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Plant ZENG Guanghui, MA Qingping, WANG Weidong, ZHOU Lin, YIN Ying, LI Xinghui Journal of Tea Science    2016, 36 (1): 85-91.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2016.01.011 Abstract （591）      PDF（pc） （708KB）（349）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the changes of endogenous hormones in tea plant [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] under natural low-temperature, ten-year-old tea plants of the cultivar ‘Longjingchangye’ were used as the material and the changes of endogenous hormones content were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the fluctuation amplitude of indole acetic acid (IAA) content is highest among all detected hormones during overwintering period. The change of abscisic acid (ABA) content was smaller than IAA but higher than that of gibberellins (GA3) and zeatinriboside (ZR). In addition, the changing trends of IAA, ZR and GA3 content is consistent, while the trend of ABA is different from them. Furthermore, the changes between ZR and GA3, ZR and IAA, IAA and GA3 content were significantly related. As well, there are significant positive correlations between ABA and IAA, ZR, respectively. All of the above results suggest that endogenous hormones in tea plant are closely related under natural low-temperature. Tea plant may regulate the ratio of ABA/(GA3 + IAA + ZR) to adapt to low temperature. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    2002, 22 (01): 87-89.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2002.01.019 Abstract （312）      PDF（pc） （186KB）（349）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Application of Fertilization Bio-organic System in Tea Plantation of South China TANG Jin-chi, ZHANG Chi, ZHAO Chao-yi, TANG Hao, LI Jian-long, DAI Jun Journal of Tea Science    2008, 28 (3): 201-206.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.03.006 Abstract （594）      PDF（pc） （243KB）（349）       Knowledge map    Save Fertilization Bio-organic System (FBO)is applicated in Yingde tea plantation of south China. The tea quality, yield and soil physico-chemical properties were analyzed after one year. Result showed that FBO can obtain the same quality and higher yield under less chemical fertilizer. FBO can improve the physical and chemical characteristics of soil. As a new fertilization management system, FBO will not only promote the soil structure of tea plantation and decrease the fertilization of chemical fertilizer, but also improve soil properties and develop better circulation with the time elapsed. So it has wide application prospects in tea plantation in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(9) Select Preventive Effect of Green Brick Tea on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Gut Microbiota Changes ZHOU Tingting, CHEN Guiting, CAO Nan, HE Jiangang, HE Gongwei, XIAO Changyi, LI Shigang Journal of Tea Science    2021, 41 (5): 669-680.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20210914.001 Abstract （698）      PDF（pc） （4419KB）（349）       Knowledge map    Save The preventive effect of green brick tea (GBT) on the mouse non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model was studied by affecting changes in gut microbiota. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, including normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), positive drug control group (PC), low-dose group (LD) and high-dose group (HD) of GBT. A NAFLD model was established by feeding mice with high-fat diet, and supplemented with low and high doses of GBT water extract and positive drug (Xuezhikang) respectively. The body weight, food utilization efficiency, liver weight, liver index, TC, LDL-C/HDL-C and ALT contents of mice were determined. Liver tissue pathological sections were observed by HE staining and Oil Red O staining. ELISA method was used to detect changes of IL-1β and IL-18 in liver tissue. The changes of gut microbiota were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing in 16 S rDNA V3-V4 region, and Spearman's correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and NAFLD phenotype. Compared with the model control group, the body weight, food utilization efficiency, liver weight, liver index, serum TC, LDL-C/HDL-C, ALT, liver tissue TC, IL-1β, and IL-18 contents of mice in the GBT group were significantly reduced, and the degree of liver disease was improved. Gut microbiota analysis and correlation analysis show that the species abundance of Bacteroides decreased, and it was positively correlated with the NAFLD phenotype. The species abundance of Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, and Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis increased, and they were negatively correlated with the NAFLD phenotype. Bacteroides and Lactobacillus had the strongest correlation with NAFLD phenotype. Green brick tea has a certain preventive effect on NAFLD, and its effect may be related to the changes in gut microbiota. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Study on the Impact of Standards Differences in Pesticide Maximum Residue Limits on the Trade Efficiency of RCEP Members Exporting Tea from China: Based on the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model HUO Zenghui, LIU Chang, ZHANG Mei, CHEN Fuqiao, LIU Zhonghua Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 526-542.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.006 Abstract （229）      PDF（pc） （962KB）（349）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, tea trade is facing challenges from technical trade barriers. This study used the standards differences in pesticide maximum residue limits (MRLs) as the entry point to construct The Heterogeneity Index of Trade (HIT) to quantify the specific differences in pesticide MRLs between countries. The stochastic frontier gravity model was used to study the impact of standards differences in pesticide MRLs on the trade efficiency of RCEP members exporting tea from China. The results show that there are differences in the pesticide MRLs standards between China and RCEP members, but overall there is a decreasing trend. The negative differences in pesticide MRLs standards between China and RCEP members will lead to a reduction in the trade efficiency of China's tea exports. The inhibitory effect path is manifested by significantly reducing tea export volume and export unit price. China's pesticide MRLs standard system should be further improved to align with international standards, promote mutual recognition of standards among countries in the RCEP region, and reduce the adverse effects of trade barriers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genomic Characteristics, Codon Preference, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chloroplasts of Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Damianbai’ YIN Minghua, ZHANG Jiaxin, LE Yun, HE Fanfan, HUANG Tianhui, ZHANG Mutong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (3): 411-430.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.03.009 Abstract （173）      PDF（pc） （1268KB）（349）       Knowledge map    Save ‘Damianbai’ was approved as a national tea cultivar by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 1985, but its origin and evolutionary relationship with other tea resources are still unclear. Using ‘Damianbai’ as the experimental material, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence, assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genome of ‘Damianbai’. In order to provide a basis for studying its phylogenetic evolutionary relationship, bioinformatics software was used to analyze the characteristics, phylogeny, and codon preference of its chloroplast genome. The results show that the chloroplast genome of the tea cultivar ‘Damianbai’ had a total length of 157 129 bp and was a typical tetrad structure, including 1 LSC region (86 687 bp), 1 SSC region (18 282 bp), and 2 IR regions (including IRa and IRb, both of which were 26 080 bp). A total of 135 functional genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome of ‘Damianbai’, including 90 CDS genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. A total of 52 SSRs and 50 Longrepeat sequences were detected in the chloroplast genome of ‘Damianbai’. The SSRs had only A/T single nucleotide repeat sequences, while Longrepeat sequences had only two types: forward repeat and palindrome repeat. The codon usage bias in the chloroplast genome of tea cultivar ‘Damianbai’ was mainly influenced by natural selection, and was less affected by internal mutation pressure. The chloroplast gene of tea cultivar ‘Damianbai’ had 14 optimal codons (AAU, GAU, UGU, AAA, UAA, GCA, GCU, GGU, CCU, GUA, CGU, CUU, AGU, UCU). The Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Damianbai’ had a close genetic relationship with Camellia sinensis isolate Baiyin cultivar Phoenix Dancong Tea (OL690374). This study analyzed the chloroplast genome sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of ‘Damianbai’, which provided a reference basis for strengthening the identification of tea cultivar ‘Damianbai’ and the development and utilization of its resource diversity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on the Application of Gas Chromatography-ion Mobility Spectrometry in the Field of Tea GAN Fangyuan, LIU Zhenping, FU Bingsheng, LONG Daoqi, PANG Kejing, JIANG Rong Journal of Tea Science    2024, 44 (4): 565-574.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2024.04.001 Abstract （252）      PDF（pc） （484KB）（348）       Knowledge map    Save Tea is an important economic crop in traditional Chinese agriculture, with a long history and rich cultural connotation. The different parameters of tea origin, storage time and processing method determine the quality, nutritional value and market positioning. Known as a newly developed non-destructive testing technique, GC-IMS can analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of samples under normal pressure to characterize the differences between samples. This paper collected the existing literature data, reviewed the applications of GC-IMS technology in the study of kind differentiation, grade identification, origin identification, storage time determination and processing quality control of tea, and analyzed the current problems and future prospects of GC-IMS technology in the field of tea application, and provided theoretical reference for the flavor research, process optimization, quality analysis and quality monitoring of tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1989, 9 (02): 155-159.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1989.02.010 Abstract （302）      PDF（pc） （246KB）（348）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1991, 11 (S1): 49-55.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1991.02.009 Abstract （590）      PDF（pc） （324KB）（348）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Analysis on Literature Development Trend of International Tea Polyphenols Research Based on the Web of Science YANG Hua, WANG Xiao-ping, GAN Wen-zhi, XIAN Jun-ren Journal of Tea Science    2013, 33 (6): 541-549.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2013.06.002 Abstract （802）      PDF（pc） （326KB）（347）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the searching of Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) database, the research status and trends of tea polyphenols were studied by analyzing the publication years, journals of SCI articles, and hot keywords with the method of bibliometrical analysis. Meanwhile, Histcite, Bibexcel and Netdraw were used to study the international research development of tea polyphenols from a brand-new angle. The results indicated that: the 1β958 collected papers were published in 713 journals, averaged 2.75 papers per journal, and focused in 50 research directions; there were 6233 authors (the first author were 1β454), 66 countries or regions, and 1β539 organizations to participate in international tea polyphenols research. 327 published papers had been completed by international cooperation (16.7% of the total), and the major(61 papers) was Sino-US cooperation (14.32% of the cooperation). The analysis also showed that the important period of international tea polyphenols rearch was about ten years from 1993 to 2003, especially in 1997, and the international tea polyphenols research focused on the constituents of tea polyphenols and their physiological activities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(6) Select Effects of Superfine Grinding on the Physicochemical Properties of Congou Black Tea CHU Feiyang, CHEN Heli, SUN Dian, HE Huafeng, YE Yang, TONG Huarong Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (6): 616-622.   Abstract （513）      PDF（pc） （736KB）（346）       Knowledge map    Save In the study, the black tea sample was crushed into superfine grinding black tea powder with average particle size of 26.116, 9.612, 4.338, 3.742, 3.328βμm. The effects of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of congou black tea were investigated by means of determination of its materialized properties. The results showed that the particle size of superfine tea powder gradually decreased, the bulk density, expansion force and water holding capacity decreased, and the angle of repose and sliding angle gradually increased after superfine grinding, indicating that the fluidity was worse. The L value and b value of chroma gradually increase, which indicates that the superfine grinding can improve the color of the congou black tea. Embedded component test results showed that as the superfine tea powder particle size is reduced, water content of extract, amino acid content and soluble sugar content increased significantly, but the tea polyphenol, tea pigment and the content of crude fiber gradually reduce, It is presumed that the superfine grinding destroyed the cell wall structure of cellulose as the main body, and the crude fiber was damaged, thereby the contained ingredients were more easily exposed and the polyphenols were unstable and easily oxidized. Thus tea pigment content had a downward trend. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Journal of Tea Science    1992, 12 (02): 145-150.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.1992.02.008 Abstract （361）      PDF（pc） （292KB）（346）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics Select Production of Bioactive Indole Alkaloids through Fermention of Eurotium cristatum from Fuzhuan Tea LIU Liping, TANG Yuwei, WANG Ruoxian, LI Zhibing, LIU Zhonghua, LIU Shuoqian Journal of Tea Science    2017, 37 (5): 503-512.   Abstract （541）      PDF（pc） （1287KB）（345）       Knowledge map    Save Eurotium cristatum is the dominant fungi in Funzhuan tea, which produces indole alkaloids that have many important bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antiallergic, antiradiation, antiultraviolet, antitumor effects. In order to improve the production of indole alkaloids by E. cristatum, we investigated the factors affecting reproduction, growth and the fermentation of E. cristatum. The fermentation products of E. cristatum were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrum. The results showed that E. cristatum reproduced fast on Czapek-Dox solid medium with a large number of mature spores in 8 days, and the optimal growth conditions were obtained as following: pH 6.0, culture temperature 30℃, rotating speed 200 r·min-1 and culture time 6 days. Moreover, fresh tea leaf powder, fresh tea leaf extract, Funzhuan tea powder, Funzhuan tea extract and tryptophan obviously improved the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids, with the best enhancing effect of tryptophan. Furthermore, at least 10 compounds were observed in thin-layer chromatography, most of which were identified to be indole alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrum, with a yield up to 2.45 g·L-1. The present work provided technical support for utilization of E. cristatum in Fuzhuan tea. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Cloning and Expression Analysis of Small GTPase (CsRAC5) under Cold Stress in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) YE Xiaoli, PAN Junting, ZHU Jiaojiao, SHU Zaifa, CUI Chuanlei, XING Anqi, NONG Shouhua, ZHU Xujun, FANG Wanping, WANG Yuhua Journal of Tea Science    2018, 38 (2): 146-154.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.02.005 Abstract （494）      PDF（pc） （1497KB）（345）       Knowledge map    Save Small GTPase binding proteins are a kind of important signal transduction proteins, which are involved in various life activities of plants. However, few relative studies were reported in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Here, a small GTPase binding protein named CsRAC5 was cloned by using a cDNA template from tea cultivar ‘Longjingchangye’. The results showed that the length of its open reading frame (ORF) is 597βbp, encoding 198 amino acids. It has a conserved Rho domain which belongs to ROP family. Multiple alignment of CsRAC5 with homologue genes in other plant species showed that their identity could reach 95.96%. CsRAC5 is a hydrophilic protein with the theoretical relative weight of 21.79βkDa. The subcellular assay showed that CsRAC5 was localized in the nuclear and membrane. In addition, the results of RT-PCR analysis showed that the highest expression level of CsRAC5 was in leaves but the lowest in pollen. The expression level of CsRAC5 was decreased under cold stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic Control Studies to Exploit Flavonoids Synthesis Pathway in Tea Biochemical Improvement Edward G Mamati, LIANG Yue-rong Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (2): 81-89.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.02.001 Abstract （449）      PDF（pc） （279KB）（345）       Knowledge map    Save The main characteristic components in tea are the tea polyphenols; flavonoids derivatives and caffeine. The basic tea polyphenols are secondary metabolites among the flavonoids group of compounds that accumulate in high concentration in the young tender leaves of tea. The catechins share the major part of the biosynthetic pathway with other derivative flavonoids products, hence similar synthesis mechanisms. The widely studied pathway in several plant species is tightly controlled by a series of structural and regulatory genes determining the main products of the pathway. Understanding the biochemical, molecular and genetic control of tea polyphenols synthesis pathway is necessary in order to derive maximum value from the tea genetic improvement process. The pathway and critical genes in the flavonoids synthesis leading to the synthesis of tea catechins are discussed. Potential value for knowledge of the pathway in tea and its application is enumerated. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(3) Select Analysis on Applicability of ISSR in Molecular Identification and Relationship Investigation of Tea Cultivars YAO Ming-zhe, HUANG Hai-tao, YU Ji-zhong, CHEN Liang Journal of Tea Science    2005, 25 (2): 153-157.   DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2005.02.013 Abstract （579）      PDF（pc） （379KB）（345）       Knowledge map    Save Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) is a recently developed PCR-based molecular technology. It has been widely used in genetic diversity, phylogenetic studies, gene tagging, genome mapping and evolutionary biology in a wide range of crop species due to its simple, quick, efficient, high reproducibility and low expense. In this study, the applicability of ISSR on molecular identification and relationship analysis of tea cultivars were investigated. A total of 99 bands were amplified by eight ISSR primers in six tea cultivars and the average polymorphism was 79.6%. The six tea cultivars could be clearly distinguished by ISSR fingerprinting amplified with primers TRI22 and TRI30, and also by the presence or absence of specific ISSR markers and their combination. Six cultivars were divided into two groups by cluster analysis. Maolu, Cuifeng, Qingfeng, Yingshuang and Jinfeng were in one group and Longjing 43 in the other. The relationship of six tea cultivars were validated by cluster analysis based on ISSR. The results indicate that ISSR is a useful tool for molecular identification and relationship analysis of tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(56) Select Genetic Diversity and Structure of Tea Germplasm Originated from Region of North Yangtze Ri