易贡茶树根际固氮菌的筛选及促生作用研究

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20260610.001

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茶叶科学 ›› 0 DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20260610.001

易贡茶树根际固氮菌的筛选及促生作用研究

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Screening and Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria with Nitrogen-Fixing Ability from Tea Plants in Yigong

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摘要

从西藏易贡高海拔茶区茶树根际分离筛选具有多功能促生特性的优良固氮菌株，鉴定其系统发育地位，探究其应用潜力，为开发高原茶园专用微生物菌剂提供资源与依据。采用稀释涂布法结合改良阿须贝氏无氮培养基分离固氮菌株，通过乙炔还原法测定菌株固氮酶活性，结合形态学、生理生化特征及16 S rDNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定，并进一步测定其溶磷、解钾、产铁载体、合成吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）能力及耐盐性。以茶树（宿主植物）、玉米和油菜为供试材料，通过盆栽试验验证菌株的实际促生效果。结果显示，从茶树根际土壤中分离并筛选获得10株固氮菌，其固氮酶活性为20.06~23.71 nmol·mg^-1·h^-1。鉴定结果显示，菌株MZ-4-74、SC-5-67、MZ-2-5和FX-2-86为气味沙雷氏菌（Serratia odorifera），FX-3-48、FX-4-31、FX-4-73和MZ-3-16为居泉沙雷氏菌（Serratia fonticola），FX-2-66为韩国假单胞菌（Pseudomonas koreensis），FX-3-66为乙酸钙不动杆菌（Acinetobacter calcoaceticus）。功能特性分析表明，10株固氮菌均具有解钾能力，8株菌具有溶磷能力，9株菌能产铁载体，7株菌能合成IAA；其中菌株FX-3-48、FX-2-86和SC-5-67耐盐性较强。盆栽试验结果显示，接种10株菌株均能显著促进茶树、玉米和油菜幼苗生长，以FX-3-48处理效果最优，其对应的茶树幼苗鲜质量、茎粗、株高和根长分别较CK对照显著增加330.77%、61.54%、86.09%和94.53%。筛选获得的菌株具有开发为微生物菌剂的巨大潜力，对促进高原茶园绿色生产具有重要意义。

Abstract

This study aimed to isolate and screen elite nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains with multiple plant growth-promoting (PGPR) traits from the rhizosphere of tea plants in the high-altitude Yigong tea area of Tibet, identify their phylogenetic positions, and evaluate their application potential, so as to provide resources and a theoretical basis for developing specialized microbial inoculants for high-altitude tea plantations. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated using the dilution plate method with Ashby's nitrogen-free medium. Nitrogenase activities of the strains were measured by the acetylene reduction assay. Strain identification was based on morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16 S rDNA sequence analysis. The abilities of the strains to solubilize phosphate, release potassium, produce siderophores, synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), as well as their salt tolerance were further determined. Pot experiments using tea plants (the host plants), maize and rapeseed were conducted to verify the practical growth-promoting effects of the strains. The results show that ten nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains were isolated and screened from the tea rhizosphere soil, exhibiting nitrogenase activities ranging from 20.06 to 23.71 nmol·mg^-1·h^-1. The strains MZ-4-74, SC-5-67, MZ-2-5 and FX-2-86 were Serratia odorifera. The strains FX-3-48, FX-4-31, FX-4-73 and MZ-3-16 were Serratia fonticola. The strains FX-2-66 and FX-3-66 were Pseudomonas koreensis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, respectively. Functional characterization reveals that all 10 strains could solubilize potassium, 8 strains possessed phosphate solubilizing ability, 9 strains could produce siderophores, and 7 strains could synthesize IAA. Among them, FX-3-48, FX-2-86 and SC-5-67 exhibited strong salt tolerance. The pot experiment results demonstrate that inoculation with all strains significantly promoted the growth of tea, maize and rapeseed seedlings. The FX-3-48 treatment shows the most pronounced effect, increasing the fresh weight, stem diameter, plant height, and root length of tea seedlings by 330.77%, 61.54%, 86.09%, and 94.53%, respectively, compared to the CK control. The rhizosphere of tea plants in Yigong in Xizang area harbors abundant nitrogen-fixing bacterial resources with multiple plant growth-promoting functions. The screened strains exhibit significant potential for development into microbial inoculants, holding great importance for promoting green production in high-altitude tea plantations.

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易贡 / 茶树 / 固氮菌 / 促生作用

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薛小凡¹, 马晓丹¹, 陶傲¹, 肖颖¹, 王贞红¹, 巩文峰², 魏丽萍¹. 易贡茶树根际固氮菌的筛选及促生作用研究[J]. 茶叶科学. 0 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20260610.001

XUE Xiaofan¹, MA Xiaodan¹, TAO Ao¹, XIAO Ying¹, WANG Zhenhong¹, GONG Wenfeng², WEI Liping¹. Screening and Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria with Nitrogen-Fixing Ability from Tea Plants in Yigong[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 0 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.20260610.001

中图分类号： S571.1 S154.3

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