茶基纳米材料的制备及其在药物递送中应用的研究进展

林燕萍; 杨陈; 程蓓

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.004

PDF(2903 KB)

茶叶科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 571-584. DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.004

综述

茶基纳米材料的制备及其在药物递送中应用的研究进展

林燕萍, 杨陈^*, 程蓓

作者信息 +

Research Progress in the Preparation of Tea-Based Nanomaterials and Their Application in Drug Delivery

LIN Yanping, YANG Chen^*, CHENG Bei

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

茶叶中的多种活性成分具有良好的还原配位、生物相容及界面作用,是制备药物递送纳米材料的理想载体。本文在综述茶叶主要活性成分性能与缺陷的基础上,总结了原位生长、配位组装、共混交联、静电组装等茶基纳米材料主流制备技术的反应机制、技术特点,以及所制纳米载体在提升活性成分稳定性、实现药物缓释控释与靶向转运方面的应用效果。指出未来应进一步优化工艺,完善靶向修饰及智能响应设计,推动茶基纳米材料在药物递送中的产业化应用。

Abstract

Various bioactive constituents in tea have been found to possess favorable reduction, coordination, biocompatibility and interfacial properties, making them ideal nanocarriers for preparing drug delivery nanomaterials. On the basis of reviewing the performances and drawbacks of primary tea-derived bioactive substances, the reaction mechanisms, technical features of dominant fabrication approaches including in situ growth, coordination self-assembly, blending crosslinking and electrostatic assembly were summarized in this paper, together with the applications of resultant nanocarriers in enhancing ingredient stability as well as realizing sustained, controlled and targeted drug delivery. It was proposed that fabrication procedures, targeted modification and stimuli-responsive design should be further optimized to promote the industrialized application of tea-based nanomaterials in drug delivery.

导出引用

林燕萍, 杨陈, 程蓓. 茶基纳米材料的制备及其在药物递送中应用的研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学. 2026, 46(4): 571-584 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.004

LIN Yanping, YANG Chen, CHENG Bei. Research Progress in the Preparation of Tea-Based Nanomaterials and Their Application in Drug Delivery[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 2026, 46(4): 571-584 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.004

中图分类号： S571.1 TS272

参考文献

[1] Kharissova O V, Dias H V R, Kharisov B I, et al. The greener synthesis of nanoparticles[J]. Trends in Biotechnology, 2013, 31(4): 240-248.
[2] Wang C, Han J X, Pu Y T, et al. Tea (Camellia sinensis): a review of nutritional composition, potential applications,omics research [J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(12): 5874. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125874.
[3] Tang G Y, Meng X, Gan R Y, et al. Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of tea components: an update review [J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, 20(24): 6196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246196.
[4] Rolim W R, Pelegrino M T, Lima B A, et al.Green tea extract mediated biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles: characterization, cytotoxicity evaluation and antibacterial activity[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 463: 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.203.
[5] Niu L, Li Z Q, Fan W, et al. Nano-strategies for enhancing the bioavailability of tea polyphenols: preparation, applications,challenges [J]. Foods, 2022, 11(3): 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030387.
[6] Thirumal V, Yuvakkumar R, Ravi G, et al.Characterization of activated biomass carbon from tea leaf for supercapacitor applications[J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 291(Pt 2): 132931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132931.
[7] Chaudhary P, Bansal S, Sharma B B, et al.Waste biomass-derived activated carbons for various energy storage device applications: a review[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 78: 109996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109996.
[8] Luo Q X, Luo L B, Zhao J M, et al.Biological potential and mechanisms of Tea’s bioactive compounds: an updated review[J]. Journal of Advanced Research, 2024, 65: 345-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.004.
[9] Xu C, Zhou S, Song H Z, et al.Green tea polyphenols-derived hybrid materials in manufacturing, environment, food and healthcare[J]. Nano Today, 2023, 52: 101990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2023.101990.
[10] Ishii T, Mori T, Ichikawa T, et al.Structural characteristics of green tea catechins for formation of protein carbonyl in human serum albumin[J]. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2010, 18(14): 4892-4896.
[11] Qi C Y, Liu G Y, Ping Y, et al.A comprehensive review of nano-delivery system for tea polyphenols: construction, applications, and challenges[J]. Food Chemistry X, 2023, 17: 100571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100571.
[12] Mu W M, Zhang T, Jiang B.An overview of biological production of L-theanine[J]. Biotechnology Advances, 2015, 33(3/4): 335-342.
[13] Jia L J, Wang F M, Zhang K, et al.L-Theanine inhibits (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate oxidation via chelating copper[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2022, 70(25): 7751-7761.
[14] 丁树洽, 谢昕雅, 刘助生, 等. 茶叶成分EGCG与L-theanine联合应用的神经保护作用研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(5): 779-792.
Ding S Q, Xie X Y, Liu Z S, et al.A study on the neuroprotective effects of combined EGCG and L-theanine from tea leaves[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(5): 779-792.
[15] Zhang L Y, Ge H F, Zhao J, et al. L-Theanine improves the gelation of ginkgo seed proteins at different pH levels [J]. Gels, 2024, 10(2): 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10020131.
[16] Fang X, Gao W L, Shao X M, et al.Tea polysaccharides: recent advances in extraction, structure, modification, bioactivities, and applications[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2026, 167: 105457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105457.
[17] Fan M H, Zhang X, Zhao Y, et al.Mn(Ⅱ)-mediated self-assembly of tea polysaccharide nanoparticles and their functional role in mice with type 2 diabetes[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14(27): 30607-30617.
[18] Lin X R, Mu J J, Chen Z Z, et al.Stabilization and functionalization of selenium nanoparticles mediated by green tea and Pu-Erh tea polysaccharides[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2023, 194: 116312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116312
[19] Li S Y, Zhang N, Li S Y, et al.Preparation, stability and digestive properties of tea polysaccharide nanoparticles[J]. LWT, 2024, 191: 115694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115694.
[20] Hao R Q, Li D, Zhang J, et al. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using green tea and its removal of hexavalent chromium [J]. Nanomaterials, 2021, 11(3): 650. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030650.
[21] Ding X, Wang F X, Hu H, et al.Tea-polyphenol green fabricating catkin-like CuAg for electrochemical H₂O₂ detection[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2022, 219: 112827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112827.
[22] Khac K T, Phu H H, Thi H T, et al.Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using tea leaf extract (Camellia sinensis) for photocatalyst and antibacterial effect[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9(10): e20707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20707.
[23] Safa M A T, Koohestani H. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with green tea extract from silver recycling of radiographic films[J]. Results in Engineering, 2024, 21: 101808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.101808.
[24] Hu Y, Zhou F, Zhang N, et al. Green synthesis of iron (Ⅱ, Ⅲ)-polyphenol nanoparticles and their adsorption of malachite green [J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science, 2024, 39: 1025-1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-024-2966-7.
[25] Li Q, Gao Y, Zhang J J, et al. Crosslinking and functionalization of acellular patches via the self-assembly of copper@tea polyphenol nanoparticles [J]. Regenerative Biomaterials, 2022, 9: rbac030. https://doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbac030.
[26] Ye J, Li Q H, Zhang Y S, et al.ROS scavenging and immunoregulative EGCG@Cerium complex loaded in antibacterial polyethylene glycol-chitosan hydrogel dressing for skin wound healing[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2023, 166: 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.027.
[27] Wang M, Yu A L, Han W, et al.Self-assembled metal-phenolic nanocomplexes comprised of green tea catechin for tumor-specific ferroptosis[J]. Materials Today Bio, 2024, 26: 101040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101040.
[28] Li G H, Lee Y Y, Lu X X, et al.Simultaneous loading of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and ferulic acid in chitosan-based nanoparticles as effective antioxidant and potential skin-whitening agents[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2022, 219: 333-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.242.
[29] Yang W J, Zhang S K, Feng A L, et al.Water-insoluble tea polyphenol nanoparticles as fillers and bioactive agents for pectin films to prepare active packaging for fruit preservation[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2024, 156: 110364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.110364.
[30] Li H C, Yang M R, Jia Y M, et al.Epigallocatechin gallate-loaded casein nanoparticles filled into κ-carrageenan/gelatin to develop sustained-release bioactive composite films for long-term preservation of strawberry[J]. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 2025, 50: 101545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101545.
[31] Jiao X Y, Chong X N, Du H Y, et al.Development of pH and enzyme dual responsive chitosan/polyaspartic acid nanoparticle-embedded nanofibers for fruit preservation[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 297: 139903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139903.
[32] Lu B B, Fu Y Y, Liu Y T, et al.Preparation of dual supramolecular EGCG-carboxymethyl chitosan: structure, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 294: 139523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139523.
[33] Li W Q, Li W, Wan Y L, et al.Preparation, characterization and releasing property of antibacterial nano-capsules composed of ε-PL-EGCG and sodium alginate-chitosan[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2022, 204: 652-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.123.
[34] Lei W Z, Song J L, Chen Y T, et al.Edible polyethylene glycol modified chitosan nanoparticles: separation and controlled release of tea polyphenols from multiphasic systems[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 315(Pt 2): 144375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144375.
[35] Ma Z Y, Lü J J, Zhang S T, et al. ε-Polylysine/sodium alginate bilayer-nodified nanoliposomes enhancing the stability and in vitro bioavailability of epigallocatechin gallate [J]. Foods, 2026, 15(5): 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15050818.
[36] Fabrikov D, Varga Á T, García M C V, et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of encapsulated tea polyphenols in chitosan/alginate-coated zein nanoparticles: a possible supplement against fish pathogens in aquaculture [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2024, 31: 13673-13687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32058-x.
[37] Wang L, Huang X, Jing H J, et al.Bilosomes as effective delivery systems to improve the gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)[J]. Food Research International, 2021, 149: 110631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110631.
[38] 寇先勇, 徐肖迪, 张成, 等. 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的磷脂纳米囊泡构建及其抗龋齿研究[J]. 中南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 40(4): 370-374.
Kou X Y, Xu X D, Zhang C, et al.Fabrication of phospholipid nanovesicles for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and its oral anti-caries[J]. Journal of South-central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 40(4): 370-374.
[39] Jin J C, Liu C Z, Tong H F, et al. Encapsulation of EGCG by zein-gum arabic complex nanoparticles and in vitro simulated digestion of complex nanoparticles [J]. Foods, 2022, 11(14): 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11142131.
[40] Zhang M Y, Gao X J, Su Y J, et al.Fabrication of egg white protein/phosphatidylcholine-EGCG co-assembled nanoparticles with sustained release in simulated gastrointestinal digestion and their transcellular permeability in Caco-2 cultures[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2023, 143: 108906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108906.
[41] Zhu Z T, Ding Z R, Liu Y Q, et al.Self-assembled preparation of wheat germ gliadin and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate nanoparticles: Structural characterization, formation mechanism and bioactivity[J]. Food Bioscience, 2025, 64: 105913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.105913.
[42] 杨鹏, 郭倩, 许舒婷, 等. 靶向脑淀粉斑的载EGCG纳米递释系统的构建及其治疗阿尔茨海默病小鼠的研究[J]. 四川大学学报(医学版), 2021, 52(4): 605-611.
Yang P, Guo Q, Xu S T, et al.Constructing brain Aβ-targeting nanoparticles loaded with EGCG for treating alzheimer’s disease in mice[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science), 2021, 52(4): 605-611.
[43] 许璐靖. 多响应性茶多酚-金属纳米花食品活性物质载体构建及TLC图像识别辅助载运控释特性研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2022: 103.
Xu L J.Construction of multi-responsive tea polyphenol-metal nanoflower food bioactive carriers and TLC image recognition assisted characterization of deliveryand controlled release properties [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2022: 103.
[44] Shraddha S, Selvakumar A, Chandran P A, et al. Formulating an Al-BTC metal-organic gel for efficient delivery of L-theanine in cancer therapy [J]. BioNanoScience, 2026, 16(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-025-02256-z.
[45] Mao X H, Long L L, Shen J C, et al.Nanoparticles composed of the tea polysaccharide-complexed cationic vitamin B₁₂-conjugated glycogen derivative[J]. Food & Function, 2021, 12(18): 8522-8534.
[46] 李亮, 袁传勋, 王敏, 等. PEG修饰EGCG/Cur复合脂质体的制备与抗氧化研究[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(9): 88-95.
Li L, Yuan C X, Wang M, et al.Preparation and antioxidant study of PEG-modified EGCG/Cur composite liposomes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(9): 88-95.
[47] 费燕娜, 张程, 张涛, 等. 聚乳酸负载茶多酚复合纳米薄膜的形貌及降解性能[J]. 上海纺织科技, 2023, 51(10): 15-19.
Fei Y N, Zhang C, Zhang T, et al.Morphology and degradation performance of polylactic acid composite nanofibrous films loaded with tea polyphenols[J]. Shanghai Textile Science & Technology, 2023, 51(10): 15-19.
[48] 施嘉妮, 张碟, 杨月月, 等. 茶多酚/羧基化纤维素纳米纤维/淀粉复合膜的制备及性能研究[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025, 51(19): 135-145.
Shi J N, Zhang D, Yang Y Y, et al.Preparation and properties of tea polyphenol/carboxylated cellulose nanofiber/starch composite films[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2025, 51(19): 135-145.
[49] Liu C, Wu H, Duan H X, et al.An EGCG-mediated self-assembled micellar complex acts as a bioactive drug carrier[J]. Food Chemistry, 2023, 418: 135939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135939.