茶树水杨酸：从合成、代谢到抗病虫反应

孙晨棋; 胡坤竹; 边磊; 罗宗秀; 李兆群; 修春丽; 付楠霞; 陈宗懋; 高宇; 蔡晓明

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.010

PDF(702 KB)

茶叶科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 600-608. DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.010

综述

茶树水杨酸：从合成、代谢到抗病虫反应

孙晨棋^1,2, 胡坤竹², 边磊², 罗宗秀², 李兆群², 修春丽², 付楠霞², 陈宗懋², 高宇^1,*, 蔡晓明^2,*

作者信息 +

Salicylic Acid in Tea Plants: from Biosynthesis and Metabolism to Defense Responses Against Pests and Diseases

SUN Chenqi^1,2, HU Kunzhu², BIAN Lei², LUO Zongxiu², LI Zhaoqun², XIU Chunli², FU Nanxia², CHEN Zongmao², GAO Yu^1,*, CAI Xiaoming^2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

水杨酸（Salicylic acid,SA）是一种酚类化合物,是介导植物抗病虫反应的核心信号分子。植物主要通过异分支酸合酶途径和苯丙氨酸解氨酶途径合成SA。植物体内的SA可发生羟基化、糖基化、甲基化等多种化学修饰,并且SA衍生物具有存储SA与信号传导等功能。激活SA信号途径可显著改变植物的次生代谢,进而提升植物的抗病性与抗虫性。茶树叶片中SA本底值较高,为6.9~41.4 μg·g^-1。本文结合最新的研究报道,从茶树SA生物合成、SA衍生物多样性、SA调控的茶树抗病虫作用等方面进行综述,并对今后相关研究方向进行了分析和展望,以期为深入研究SA调控茶树抗病虫作用及其机制、发展新型茶树绿色防控技术提供参考。

Abstract

Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound in plants, functions as a key component in signaling pathways that activate and precisely modulate the defense response against pests and diseases. In plants, SA is predominantly synthesized through the isochorismate synthase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathways. SA can undergo diverse modifications in plants, such as hydroxylation, glycosylation and methylation, which contribute to SA storage and signal transduction. Activation of the SA signaling pathway significantly reprograms secondary metabolism of plants, consequently enhancing plant resistance. Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) exhibit relatively high endogenous SA content in leaves, with values ranging from 6.9 to 41.4 μg·g^-1. This review summarized the latest research progress on tea plants, specifically focusing on the biosynthesis of SA, SA derivatives, and SA-mediated resistance. The issues in the existing research and the focuses of future research were also discussed. This review provided a reference for the in-depth exploration of the role and mechanism of SA in regulating the disease and pest resistance of tea plants and the development of novel green control technologies.

导出引用

孙晨棋, 胡坤竹, 边磊, 罗宗秀, 李兆群, 修春丽, 付楠霞, 陈宗懋, 高宇, 蔡晓明. 茶树水杨酸：从合成、代谢到抗病虫反应[J]. 茶叶科学. 2026, 46(4): 600-608 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.010

SUN Chenqi, HU Kunzhu, BIAN Lei, LUO Zongxiu, LI Zhaoqun, XIU Chunli, FU Nanxia, CHEN Zongmao, GAO Yu, CAI Xiaoming. Salicylic Acid in Tea Plants: from Biosynthesis and Metabolism to Defense Responses Against Pests and Diseases[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 2026, 46(4): 600-608 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.010

中图分类号： S571.1 S435.711

参考文献

[1] Vlot A C, Dempsey D A, Klessig D F.Salicylic acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2009, 47(1): 177-206.
[2] Murphy A M, Zhou T, Carr J P, et al.An update on salicylic acid biosynthesis, its induction and potential exploitation by plant viruses[J]. Current Opinion in Virology, 2020, 42: 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2020.02.008.
[3] Peng Y J, Yang J F, Li X, et al. Salicylic acid: biosynthesis and signaling [J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2021, 72: 761-791. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-081320-092855.
[4] Oussou R, Camera S L, Marivingt-Mounira C, et al.Salicylic acid: a key natural foundation for next-generation plant defense stimulators[J]. Pest Management Science, 2026, 82(3): 2165-2176.
[5] Shah J.The salicylic acid loop in plant defense[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2003, 6(4): 365-371.
[6] Hazarika L K, Bhuyan M, Hazarika B N. Insect pests of tea and their management [J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 2009, 54: 267-286. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093359.
[7] Chen Z M, Luo Z X.Management of insect pests on tea plantations: safety, sustainability, and efficiency[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 2025, 70(1): 359-377.
[8] Li J L, Xiao Y Y, Fan Q, et al. Transformation of salicylic acid and its distribution in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) at the tissue and subcellular levels [J]. Plants, 2021, 10(2): 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020282.
[9] Torrens-Spence M P, Bobokalonova A, Carballo V, et al. PBS3 and EPS1 complete salicylic acid biosynthesis from isochorismate in Arabidopsis[J]. Molecular Plant, 2019, 12(12): 1577-1586.
[10] Deng X L, Huang D J, Wang Y H, et al. Genome-wide association study of salicylic acid provides genetic insights for tea plant selective breeding [J]. Horticulture Research, 2025, 12(4): uhae362. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae362.
[11] Zou Z Y, Fan Q, Zhou X C, et al.Biochemical pathways of salicylic acid derived from L-phenylalanine in plants with different basal SA levels[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2024, 72(6): 2898-2910.
[12] Garcion C, Lohmann A, Lamodière E, et al.Characterization and biological function of the ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE2 gene of Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Physiology, 2008, 147(3): 1279-1287.
[13] Wildermuth M C, Dewdney J, Wu G, et al.Isochorismate synthase is required to synthesize salicylic acid for plant defence[J]. Nature, 2001, 414(6863): 562-565.
[14] Xu L, Zhao H Y, Wang J B, et al.AIM1-dependent high basal salicylic acid accumulation modulates stomatal aperture in rice[J]. New Phytologist, 2023, 238(4): 1420-1430.
[15] Xue L J, Guo W B, Yuan Y N, et al.Constitutively elevated salicylic acid levels alter photosynthesis and oxidative state but not growth in transgenic Populus[J]. The Plant Cell, 2013, 25(7): 2714-2730.
[16] 朱孝波, 王立印, 陈学伟. 水杨酸介导的植物免疫反应: 从代谢、感知到免疫激活[J]. 植物学报, 2025, 60(5): 679-692.
Zhu X B, Wang L Y, Chen X W.Salicylic acid-mediated plant immune response: from metabolism, perception to immune activation[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(5): 679-692.
[17] Zhang K, Halitschke R, Yin C, et al.Salicylic acid 3-hydroxylase regulates Arabidopsis leaf longevity by mediating salicylic acid catabolism[J]. PNAS, 2013, 110(36): 14807-14812.
[18] Zhang Y J, Zhao L, Zhao J Z, et al.S5H/DMR6 encodes a salicylic acid 5-hydroxylase that fine-tunes salicylic acid homeostasis[J]. Plant Physiology, 2017, 175(3): 1082-1093.
[19] Lu M Q, Zhao Y F, Feng Y Y, et al.2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, a novel SA derivative, controls plant immunity via UGT95B17-mediated glucosylation: a case study in Camellia sinensis[J]. Advanced Science, 2024, 11(7): 2307051.
[20] Li C Y, Wu F X, Yang L, et al. UGT74B5-mediated glucosylation at ortho hydroxyl groups of benzoic acid derivatives regulating plant immunity to anthracnose in tea plants [J]. Horticulture Research, 2025, 12: uhaf009. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf009.
[21] Hu Y Q, Zhang M T, Lu M Q, et al.Salicylic acid carboxyl glucosyltransferase UGT87E7 regulates disease resistance in Camellia sinensis[J]. Plant Physiology, 2022, 188(3): 1507-1520.
[22] Deng W W, Wang R X, Yang T Y, et al.Functional characterization of salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase from Camellia sinensis, providing the aroma compound of methyl salicylate during the withering process of white tea[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017, 65(50): 11036-11045.
[23] Li D, Wang Y Q, Jin Y, et al.Functional characterization of the methyl esterase MES4 in hydrolytic activity of methylated phytohormones in tea plants based on multi-omics analysis[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2026, 74(4): 6419-6432.
[24] Westfall C S, Sherp A M, Zubieta C, et al.Arabidopsis thaliana GH3.5 acyl acid amido synthetase mediates metabolic crosstalk in auxin and salicylic acid homeostasis[J]. PNAS, 2016, 113(48): 13917-13922.
[25] Bourne D J, Barrow K D, Milborrow B V. Salicyloylaspartate as an endogenous component in the leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris [J]. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30: 4041-4044. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84345535.
[26] Baek D, Pathange P, Chung J S, et al.A stress inducible sulphotransferase sulphonates salicylic acid and confers pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2010, 33(8): 1383-1392.
[27] Shi Y L, Sheng Y Y, Cai Z Y, et al. Involvement of salicylic acid in anthracnose infection in tea plants revealed by transcriptome profiling [J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, 20(10): 2439. https://doi.org/10.3390/
ijms20102439.
[28] Jeyaraj A, Wang X, Wang S, et al.Identification of regulatory networks of microRNAs and their targets in response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019, 10: 1096. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01096.
[29] Jayaswall K, Mahajan P, Singh G, et al. Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes involved in blister blight defense in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) [J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 30412. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30412.
[30] Zhou X L, Hoang N H, Tao F, et al.Transcriptomics and phytohormone metabolomics provide comprehensive insights into the response mechanism of tea against blister blight disease[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2024, 324: 112611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112611.
[31] 冉隆珣, 肖星, 殷丽琼, 等. 水杨酸和茉莉酸诱导茶树抗茶饼病研究初报[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2022, 68(4): 32-35.
Ran L X, Xiao X, Yin L Q, et al.Preliminary study on the induction of tea plant resistance to blister blight by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 68(4): 32-35.
[32] 王翠兰, 左璐莹, 张绍勇, 等. 7种杀菌剂和5种植物抗病激活剂对油茶炭疽病病菌活性研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2022, 37(2): 176-179.
Wang C L, Zuo L Y, Zhang S Y, et al.Activity of seven fungicides and five plant immune activators against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of Camellia oleifera[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2022, 37(2): 176-179.
[33] Liu S Y, Zhang Q Q, Guan C F, et al.Transcription factor WRKY14 mediates resistance of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) to blister blight[J]. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2021, 115: 101667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2021.101667.
[34] Zhang Q Q, Guo N N, Zhang Y H, et al. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) gene family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in response to blister-blight disease stress [J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(3): 1292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031292.
[35] 苗进, 韩宝瑜. MeSA诱导茶树抗叶蝉取食效应的DC-EPG分析[J]. 植物保护学报, 2008, 35(2): 143-147.
Miao J, Han B Y.DC-EPG analysis of the effect of MeSA inducing tea plant resistance against Empoasca onukii[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2008, 35(2): 143-147.
[36] Jiang W B, Lu C H, Fan J J, et al.Exogenous salicylic acid induces defense responses in tea plants against Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)[J]. Journal of Economic Entomology, 2024, 117(1): 302-310.
[37] Wu M Y, Jiang W B, Lu C H, et al.Effect of defense enzyme activities, endogenous SA and MeSA in tea plants on the host adaptability of Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)[J]. Crop Protection, 2025, 190: 107135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107135.
[38] Wan Y H, Yang C, Qiao D H, et al.Comparative transcriptome and defense hormone analyses of resistant and susceptible tea plant varieties revealed the response mechanisms of tea plants to Apolygus lucorum feeding[J]. Plant Stress, 2025, 18: 100989.
[39] Wang X P, Xiang Y J, Sun M S, et al. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals keys genes and metabolic pathways in tea (Camellia sinensis) against six-spotted spider mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) [J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2023, 23: 638. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04651-8.
[40] 范培珍, 韩善捷, 韩宝瑜. 灰茶尺蠖为害诱导茶树释放的互利素的鉴定[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(1): 65-71.
Fan P Z, Han S J, Han B Y.Identification of synomone released from tea plants induced by Ectropis grisescens infestation[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2020, 36(1): 65-71.
[41] 付雪莲, 李品武, 盛忠雷, 等. 三种信息化合物对叶蝉及其优势天敌的生态效应[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2016, 53(3): 536-544.
Fu X L, Li P W, Sheng Z L, et al.Ecological effects of three semiochemicals on tea leafhopper and its dominant natural enemies[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 2016, 53(3): 536-544.
[42] 黄毅, 韩宝瑜, 唐茜, 等. 茶尺蠖绒茧蜂对茶梢挥发物的EAG和行为反应[J]. 昆虫学报, 2009, 52(11): 1191-1198.
Huang Y, Han B Y, Tang Q, et al.EAG and behavioral responses of Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to tea shoot volatiles[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2009, 52(11): 1191-1198.
[43] 韩宝瑜, 周成松. 茶梢和茶花主要挥发物对门氏食蚜蝇和大草蛉引诱效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(4): 623-626.
Han B Y, Zhou C S.Attractive effects of main volatiles from tea shoots and flowers on Sphaerophoria menthastri and Chrysopa septempunctata[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(4): 623-626.
[44] Wu Y Q, Han S J, Fan P Z, et al. Utilizing tea plant synomones to attract Encarsia smithi for suppressing Aleurocanthus spiniferus in tea plantations [J]. Plants, 2026, 15(3): 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15030491.
[45] Liu N N, Wang Y Y, Li K Y, et al.Transcriptional analysis of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in response to salicylic acid treatment[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2023, 71(5): 2377-2389.
[46] Li X, Zhang L P, Zhang L, et al. Methyl salicylate enhances flavonoid biosynthesis in tea leaves by stimulating the phenylpropanoid pathway [J]. Molecules, 2019, 24(2): 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020362.
[47] Arafin M S, Sheuli S A, Sultana S, et al. Enhancing polyphenol synthesis and antioxidant activity in Camellia sinensis using shikimic and salicylic acids [J]. JSFA Reports, 2026, 6: 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.70029.
[48] Berens M L, Berry H M, Mine A, et al. Evolution of hormone signaling networks in plant defense [J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2017, 55: 401-425. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035544.
[49] Pieterse C M, Van der Does D, Zamioudis C, et al. Hormonal modulation of plant immunity [J]. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 2012, 28: 489-521. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154055.
[50] Thaler J S, Humphrey P T, Whiteman N K.Evolution of jasmonate and salicylate signal crosstalk[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2012, 17(5): 260-270.
[51] Jiao L, Bian L, Luo Z X, et al. Enhanced volatile emissions and anti-herbivore functions mediated by the synergism between jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways in tea plants [J]. Horticulture Research, 2022, 9: uhac144. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac144.
[52] Jiao L, Mao Y X, Zhao Y J, et al.Volatile cues of enhanced attractiveness to Parapanteles hyposidrae (Wilkinson) wasps mediated by jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways synergism in tea plant[J]. Pest Management Science, 2025, 81(6): 2847-2856.