不同遮阳网直接覆盖调控茶园冠层微环境及其对碾茶类黄酮组成的影响

刘弈杰; 陈佳滢; 方奇挺; 叶俭慧; 金子晶

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.009

PDF(9575 KB)

茶叶科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 637-650. DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.009

研究报告

不同遮阳网直接覆盖调控茶园冠层微环境及其对碾茶类黄酮组成的影响

刘弈杰¹, 陈佳滢¹, 方奇挺¹, 叶俭慧¹, 金子晶^2,*

作者信息 +

Effects of Direct Covering with Different Shade Nets on The Tea Canopy Microenvironment and Flavonoid Composition of Tencha

LIU Yijie¹, CHEN Jiaying¹, FANG Qiting¹, YE Jianhui¹, JIN Zijing^2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

直接覆盖生产抹茶原料具有操作简便、成本较低和便于机械化作业等优势,但不同类型遮阳网对茶园冠层微环境及茶叶类黄酮合成的差异化影响仍有待探究。为明确不同遮阳网直接覆盖对茶树冠层微环境及碾茶类黄酮积累的影响,以‘龙井43’为试验材料,采用8种不同材质和颜色遮阳网进行大田覆盖。结果表明,覆盖处理可通过调节网下紫外辐射强度、空气湿度和叶片温度,进而影响茶树冠层微环境。遮阳网的遮光率是决定网下紫外辐射强度的关键因素;网内侧黑色有助于降低叶片温度,而网外侧白色或采用铝箔材质则有利于降低网面温度、减少热量积聚,从而降低叶片灼伤风险。各覆盖处理普遍降低所制碾茶中类黄酮物质含量,总儿茶素类含量降幅为16.4%~33.6%,黄酮醇苷总含量降幅可达23.8%~43.3%。基于测量数值和变化量,开展微环境参数与类黄酮物质含量的相关性分析,分析结果表明紫外辐射强度下降是导致碾茶中类黄酮物质,尤其是黄酮醇苷类物质含量降低的关键驱动因素;而适度的叶片温度提升则会促进儿茶素类物质及槲皮素糖苷的积累。可见,在采用直接覆盖方式生产抹茶原料时,应优先选用遮光率较高且散热性能良好的遮阳网,该类型的遮阳网既能降低网下紫外辐射强度,也能控制叶片温度升高。本研究为茶园遮阴优化及新型遮阳网的开发提供了理论依据,也为抹茶原料品质定向调控提供了技术支撑。

Abstract

Direct covering is widely used in the production of matcha raw material, with the advantages of easy operation, low cost, and compatibility with mechanized management. However, how shade nets with different materials and colors differentially affect the canopy microenvironment and flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plants remains unclear. In the present study, eight shade nets varying in material and color were applied to the tea cultivar ‘Longjing 43’ in the field to investigate their effects on the canopy microenvironment and flavonoid accumulation in tencha. The results show that direct covering primarily regulated the canopy microenvironment through changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation, air humidity, and leaf temperature beneath the cover. Net shade percentage was the major determinant of UV intensity under the net. A black inner surface was more effective in reducing leaf temperature, whereas a white outer surface or aluminum-foil material decreased net surface temperature and heat accumulation, thereby lowering the risk of leaf scorching. All covering treatments generally reduced flavonoid accumulation in the processed tencha, with total catechins decreasing by 16.4%-33.6% and total flavonol glycosides by 23.8%-43.3%. Correlation analysis based on both absolute values and treatment-induced changes further demonstrates that reduced UV radiation was the major driver of the decline in flavonoids, particularly flavonol glycosides, whereas a moderate increase in leaf temperature promoted the accumulation of catechins and quercetin glycosides. Therefore, when producing matcha raw materials under direct covering, shade-net types that combine a high shading rate with good heat dissipation properties should be prioritized,in order to both reduce the UV intensity beneath the net and control leaf temperature. This study provided a theoretical basis for optimizing shading practices and designing novel shade nets for the targeted quality regulation of matcha raw materials.

导出引用

刘弈杰, 陈佳滢, 方奇挺, 叶俭慧, 金子晶. 不同遮阳网直接覆盖调控茶园冠层微环境及其对碾茶类黄酮组成的影响[J]. 茶叶科学. 2026, 46(4): 637-650 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.009

LIU Yijie, CHEN Jiaying, FANG Qiting, YE Jianhui, JIN Zijing. Effects of Direct Covering with Different Shade Nets on The Tea Canopy Microenvironment and Flavonoid Composition of Tencha[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 2026, 46(4): 637-650 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.009

中图分类号： S571.1 S36

参考文献

[1] 齐锴亮, 刘欣昊, 雷蕊英. 我国抹茶产业的发展现状[J]. 包装与食品机械, 2019, 37(4): 53-57.
Qi K L, Liu X H, Lei R Y.Research progress of matcha sector in China[J]. Packaging and Food Machinery, 2019, 37(4): 53-57.
[2] 吕品, 龚淑英, 许勇泉, 等. 研磨技术对抹茶品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2021, 62(11): 2281-2285, 2294.
Lü P, Gong S Y, Xu Y Q, et al.Effect of grinding technology on matcha quality[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 62(11): 2281-2285, 2294.
[3] Lin N, Liu X Y, Zhu W F, et al.Ambient ultraviolet B signal modulates tea flavor characteristics via shifting a metabolic flux in flavonoid biosynthesis[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2021, 69(11): 3401-3414.
[4] Ye J H, Ye Y, Yin J F, et al.Bitterness and astringency of tea leaves and products: formation mechanism and reducing strategies[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2022, 123: 130-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.031.
[5] Tang H, Tang J C, Liu J Y, et al.Metabolomics analyses reveal anthocyanins-rich accumulation in naturally mutated purple-leaf tea (Camellia sinensis L.)[J]. All Life, 2021, 14(1): 744-755.
[6] He H F, Wei K, Yin J F, et al.Insight into tea flavonoids: composition and chemistry[J]. Food Reviews International, 2021, 37(8): 812-823.
[7] Shi J, Yang G Z, You Q S, et al.Updates on the chemistry, processing characteristics, and utilization of tea flavonoids in last two decades (2001-2021)[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2023, 63(20): 4757-4784.
[8] Mamati G E, Liang Y R, Lu J L.Expression of basic genes involved in tea polyphenol synthesis in relation to accumulation of catechins and total tea polyphenols[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2006, 86(3): 459-464.
[9] Fang Z T, Lü Y Q, Song C J, et al. Simultaneous preparation of abundant flavonol triglycosides from tea leaves [J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(21): 5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215140.
[10] Ye J H, Fang Q T, Zeng L, et al.A comprehensive review of matcha: production, food application, potential health benefits, and gastrointestinal fate of main phenolics[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2023, 64(22): 7959-7980.
[11] 曾淋, 毛雅琳, 汪芳, 等. 不同遮荫方式及加工工艺对碾茶品质的影响[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2023, 44(15): 118-126.
Zeng L, Mao Y L, Wang F, et al.Effects of different shading treatments and processing techniques on the quality of tencha[J]. Food Research and Development, 2023, 44(15): 118-126.
[12] Sano T, Horie H, Matsunage A, et al.Effect of shading intensity on morphological and color traits and on chemical components of new tea (Camellia sinensis L.) shoots under direct covering cultivation[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2018, 98(15): 5666-5676.
[13] 付晓青, 陈佩, 秦志敏, 等. 遮荫处理对丘陵茶园生态环境及茶树气体交换的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(8): 40-46.
Fu X Q, Chen P, Qin Z M, et al.Effects of shading on eco-environment and leaf gas exchange of tea in hilly tea plantation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(8): 40-46.
[14] Li Y C, Jeyaraj A, Yu H P, et al.Metabolic regulation profiling of carbon and nitrogen in tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] in response to shading[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020, 68(4): 961-974.
[15] 金琦芳, 孙威江, 王仲. 遮阴处理对茶树叶色表型及生化成分的影响[J]. 食品工业科技, 2018, 39(23): 1-6.
Jin Q F, Sun W J, Wang Z.Effects of shading treatments on leaf color phenotype and biochemical composition of tea leaves[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2018, 39(23): 1-6.
[16] 石元值, 肖强, 吕闰强, 等. 不同遮荫材料对茶树叶产量与品质的影响[C]//中国茶叶学会. 第十五届中国科协年会第20分会场: 科技创新与茶产业发展论坛论文集. 杭州: 中国茶叶学会, 2013: 76-86.
Shi Y Z, Xiao Q, Lü R Q, et al.The effects of the shading materials on the tea yield and tea qualities[C]//China Tea Science Society. Proceedings of the 20th Parallel Session of the 15th Annual Meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology: Forum on Scientific and Technological Innovation and Tea Industry Development. Hangzhou: China Tea Science Society, 2013: 76-86.
[17] Jin J, Lü Y Q, He W Z, et al. Screening the key region of sunlight regulating the flavonoid profiles of young shoots in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) based on a field experiment [J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(23): 7158. https://doi.org/10.3390/
molecules26237158.
[18] Shu Z F, Ji Q Y, He T J, et al.Combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal that growing under red shade affects secondary metabolite content in Huangjinya green tea[J]. Frontiers in Genetics, 2024, 15: 1365243. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1365243.
[19] Lin N, Liu X Y, Zhu W F, et al.Ambient ultraviolet B signal modulates tea flavor characteristics via shifting a metabolic flux in flavonoid biosynthesis[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2021, 69(11): 3401-3414.
[20] Zhang X Y, Li L Y, He Y Q, et al. The CsHSFA-CsJAZ6 module-mediated high temperature regulates flavonoid metabolism in Camellia sinensis [J]. Plant Cell and Environment, 2023, 46: 2401-2418. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14610.
[21] Zheng X Q, Nie Y, Gao Y, et al.Screening the cultivar and processing factors based on the flavonoid profiles of dry teas using principal component analysis[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2018, 67: 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.016.
[22] 刘瑜, 何卫中, 娄艳华, 等. 不同覆盖处理对茶园小气候及碾茶品质的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2021, 52(3): 711-721.
Liu Y, He W Z, Lou Y H, et al.Effects of different shading treatments on microclimate of tea garden and the quality of flake tea[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2021, 52(3): 711-721.
[23] Ge S B, Wang Y M, Shen K Y, et al. Effects of differential shading on summer tea quality and tea garden microenvironment [J]. Plants, 2024, 13(2): 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020202.
[24] Wang Y S, Gao L P, Shan Y, et al.Influence of shade on flavonoid biosynthesis in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2012, 141: 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.04.013.
[25] Hu Z, Yao X Z, Chen H F, et al.Changes and dynamics of the main quality components in tea leaves of 4 tea cultivars during the shading process[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2024, 333:113242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113242.
[26] Elango T, Jeyaral A, Dayalan H, et al.Influence of shading intensity on chlorophyll, carotenoid and metabolites biosynthesis to improve the quality of green tea: a review[J]. Energy Nexus, 2023, 12: 100241. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2024.1365243.
[27] Sano S, Takemoto T, Ogihara A, et al. Stress responses of shade-treated tea leaves to high light exposure after removal of shading [J]. Plants, 2020, 9(3): 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030302.
[28] Li X, Liang T, Liu H T. How plants coordinate their development in response to light and temperature signals [J]. The Plant Cell, 2022, 34(3): 955-966. https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab302.
[29] Ye J H, Lü Y Q, Liu S R, et al. Effects of light intensity and spectral composition on the transcriptome profiles of leaves in shade grown tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) andregulatory network of flavonoid biosynthesis [J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(19): 5836. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195836.
[30] Liu L L, Li Y Y, She G B, et al. Metabolite profiling and transcriptomic analyses reveal an essential role of UVR8-mediated signal transduction pathway in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in response to shading [J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2018,18: 233. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1440-0.
[31] Chen X, Ye K, Xu Y, et al. Effect of shading on the morphological, physiological,biochemical characteristics as well as the transcriptome of matcha green tea [J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(22): 14169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214169.
[32] Huang F Y, Lei Y, Duan J H, et al. Investigation ofheatstress responses and adaptation mechanisms by integrative metabolome and transcriptome analysis inteaplants (Camellia sinensis) [J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 10023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60411-0.
[33] Ren T Y, Zheng P C, Zhang K X, et al.Effects of GABA on the polyphenol accumulation and antioxidant activities in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) under heat-stress conditions[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021, 159: 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.003.
[34] 孙京京, 朱小元, 罗贤静丽, 等. 不同遮荫处理对绿茶品质的影响[J]. 安徽农业大学学报, 2015, 42(3): 387-390.
Sun J J, Zhu X Y, Luo X J L, et al. Effects of different degrees of shading on green tea quality[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2015, 42(3): 387-390.
[35] Tukhvatshin M, Peng Q, Zhao X, et al.Identifying meteorological factors influencing catechin biosynthesis and optimizing cultivation conditions of tea plant (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2025, 16: 1532880. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1532880.
[36] 李治鑫, 李鑫, 范利超, 等. 高温胁迫对茶树叶片光合系统的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2015, 35(5): 415-422.
Li Z X, Li X, Fan L C, et al.Effect of heat stress on the photosynthesis system of tea leaves[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2015, 35(5): 415-422.