聚乙烯与镉胁迫下枯草芽孢杆菌与沼泽红假单胞菌对茶苗安全生长的影响

赵银雪; 张意卓; 杨敏成; 官妍丹; 侯琳; 尼芳源; 王凯林; 王国夫; 吴丽元; 孙小红

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.007

PDF(1290 KB)

茶叶科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 693-707. DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.007

研究报告

聚乙烯与镉胁迫下枯草芽孢杆菌与沼泽红假单胞菌对茶苗安全生长的影响

赵银雪, 张意卓, 杨敏成, 官妍丹, 侯琳, 尼芳源, 王凯林, 王国夫, 吴丽元, 孙小红^*

作者信息 +

Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris on the Safe Growth of Tea Seedlings Under Combined PE and Cd Stress

ZHAO Yinxue, ZHANG Yizhuo, YANG Mincheng, GUAN Yandan, HOU Lin, NI Fangyuan, WANG Kailin, WANG Guofu, WU Liyuan, SUN Xiaohong^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为探究微生物复合菌剂对茶园土壤聚乙烯（PE）微塑料与镉（Cd）复合污染的修复效应及机制,本研究以‘龙井43’茶苗为材料开展盆栽试验。通过向土壤添加PE微塑料悬液与五水合氯化镉（CdCl₂·5H₂O）溶液,建立PE微塑料-Cd复合污染胁迫体系,并接种由枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）与沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas palustris）按活菌数（CFU）1∶1复配的微生物复合菌剂,设置不同施用量梯度,系统分析菌剂对土壤生物活性、微生物群落结构及茶苗形态、Cd积累、抗逆特性、光合参数及相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,施用复合菌剂显著提升了土壤酶活性,降低了土壤有效态Cd含量,优化了土壤微生物群落结构,并增加了有益菌群的丰度。在植株响应方面,施加复合菌剂显著降低了叶片Cd积累,缓解了氧化胁迫损伤,改善了茶苗的代谢稳态、光合效能及抗氧化防御能力;基因表达分析显示,菌剂上调了α-亚麻酸代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢及脂肪酸降解等通路相关基因的表达水平。该微生物复合菌剂通过协同调控土壤微生态与茶树体内的生理分子网络,有效缓解了PE微塑料与Cd复合胁迫引起的氧化损伤与重金属毒害,且该效应呈现明显的浓度依赖性。本研究为茶园土壤微塑料-重金属复合污染的生物修复及茶叶安全生产提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

Abstract

To elucidate the remediation potential and underlying mechanisms of a microbial composite agent against polyethylene (PE) microplastic and cadmium (Cd) co-contamination in tea garden soils, a pot experiment was conducted using Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Longjing 43’ seedlings. Soil samples were spiked with PE particle suspension and CdCl₂·5H₂O to simulate co-contamination stress. A microbial composite agent composed of Bacillus subtilis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris with a 1∶1 viable cell ratio was subsequently applied to explore the effects of different application concentrations on soil biological activity, microbial community structure, as well as tea seedling morphology, Cd accumulation, stress resistance, photosynthetic parameters, and related gene expression. The results show that the application of the composite agent significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities, promoted the immobilization of available Cd, optimized the microbial community structure, and increased the abundance of beneficial microbial groups. At the plant level, the agent reduced Cd translocation to tea leaves, alleviated oxidative damage, and restored photosynthetic performance and antioxidant defense in tea seedlings. Expressions of genes related to α-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and fatty acid catabolism were up-regulated, indicating the activation of stress-adaptive metabolic pathways. These findings indicate that the microbial composite agent can effectively mitigate oxidative damage and heavy metal toxicity induced by PE-exacerbated Cd stress via regulating the soil environment and the physiological and molecular networks in tea plants in a concentration-dependent manner. This study provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the bioremediation of microplastic and heavy metal co-contamination in tea garden soils and for the safe production of tea plants.

导出引用

赵银雪, 张意卓, 杨敏成, 官妍丹, 侯琳, 尼芳源, 王凯林, 王国夫, 吴丽元, 孙小红. 聚乙烯与镉胁迫下枯草芽孢杆菌与沼泽红假单胞菌对茶苗安全生长的影响[J]. 茶叶科学. 2026, 46(4): 693-707 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.007

ZHAO Yinxue, ZHANG Yizhuo, YANG Mincheng, GUAN Yandan, HOU Lin, NI Fangyuan, WANG Kailin, WANG Guofu, WU Liyuan, SUN Xiaohong. Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Rhodopseudomonas palustris on the Safe Growth of Tea Seedlings Under Combined PE and Cd Stress[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 2026, 46(4): 693-707 https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.04.007

中图分类号： S571.1 S156.2

参考文献

[1] Gumilar F, Bras C, Aggio P, et al.Prenatal exposure to cadmium during organogenesis impairs memoryin young rats[J]. International Journal of Toxicology, 2019, 38(4): 312-318.
[2] 郝旭蕾. CsABCG11.2介导茶氨酸吸收缓解茶树镉毒害机理[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2022: 48-52.
Hao X L.Mechanism of CsABCG11.2-mediated theanine alleviating cadmium toxicity in tea plants [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2022: 48-52.
[3] 周悦, 马贵, 廖彩云, 等. PE微塑料对土壤吸附镉的影响及机理研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2023, 46(11): 123-129.
Zhou Y, Ma G, Liao C Y, et al.Effects and mechanism of polyethylene microplastics on cadmium adsorption in soil[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2023, 46(11): 123-129.
[4] Chen S H, Feng T Z, Lin X N, et al.Effect of microplastics on the adsorption and desorption properties of cadmium in soil[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2022, 110(1): 1-6.
[5] Wang F L, Wang X X, Song N N. Polyethylene microplastics increase cadmium uptake in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by altering the soil microenvironment [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 784: 147133. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.
scitotenv.2021.147133.
[6] Li G L, Cui X R, Tariq M, et al.Microplastic and cadmium contamination: impact on the soil byinhibiting the growth of pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2024, 189: 714-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.06.081.
[7] 王迪, 徐绍辉, 邵明艳, 等. PE介导的Cd污染土壤中Cd释放迁移特征及机制[J]. 环境科学, 2024, 45(2): 1069-1079.
Wang D, Xu S H, Shao M Y, et al.Release, migration characteristics and mechanisms of cadmium in PE-Cd co-contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Science, 2024, 45(2): 1069-1079.
[8] 岳聪, 黄顺寅, 屠春宝, 等. 植物修复重金属镉污染土壤研究进展[J]. 现代农业科技, 2024(17): 129-135.
Yue C, Huang S Y, Tu C B, et al.Progress of phy-toremediation of heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024(17): 129-135.
[9] 齐文博, 赵航航, 李鹏飞, 等. 生物炭对含有微塑料土壤中重金属迁移转化的影响[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2025, 48(8): 133-141.
Qi W B, Zhao H H, Li P F, et al.Effects of biochar on the migration and transformation of heavy metals in soil containing microplastics[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2025, 48(8): 133-141.
[10] Kumar A, Verma J P.Does plant-microbe interaction confer stress tolerance in plants: a review?[J]. Microbiological Research, 2018, 207: 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2017.11.004.
[11] 王丽, 王剑峰, 孔鑫, 等. PGPR促进植物生长及增强植物耐镉机制研究进展[J]. 种子, 2024, 43(6): 73-85.
Wang L,Wang J F, Kong X, et al.Research progress on the mechanism of PGPR in promoting plant growth and enhancing cadmium tolerance[J]. Seed, 2024, 43(6): 73-85.
[12] 刘悦畅, 李保珍, 王涛, 等. 2种菌联合修复农田土壤镉污染的研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(4): 364-369.
Liu Y C, Li B Z, Wang T, et al.Remediation of cadmium-contaminated farmland soil by two bacterial strains[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(4): 364-369.
[13] 宋璐. 沼泽红假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对连翘镉污染的修复作用研究[D]. 晋中: 山西农业大学, 2022: 19-23.
Song L.Remediation effects of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Bacillus subtilis on cadmium contamin-ation in Forsythia suspensa [D]. Jinzhong: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2022: 19-23.
[14] 李卓蔚. 施加不同解有机磷细菌对滇重楼品质与土壤环境影响研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆三峡学院, 2023: 18-20.
Li Z W.Effects of different organophosphorus-solubilizing bacteria on quality of Paris polyphylla and soil environment [D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Three Gorges University, 2023: 18-20.
[15] 张冀巍. 沼泽红假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌联合施用对连翘幼苗镉胁迫的解毒机制研究[D]. 太原: 山西农业大学, 2024: 11-14.
Zhang J W.Study on the detoxification mechanism of combined application of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Bacillus subtilis on cadmium stress in Forsythia suspensa seedlings [D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2024: 11-14.
[16] 刘悦畅. 沼泽红假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌联合修复农田土壤镉污染的研究[D]. 太原: 山西大学, 2020: 30-33.
Liu Y C.Study on the combined remediation of cadmium-contaminated farmland soil by Rhodopseudo-monas palustris and Bacillus subtilis [D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi University, 2020: 30-33.
[17] 金梦娇, 刘博, 王抗抗, 等. 薇甘菊光能利用及叶绿素合成在不同光照强度下的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(12): 2347-2359.
Jin M J, Liu B, Wang K K, et al.Responses of Mikania micrantha in light energy utilization and chlorophyll synthesis under different light intensities[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2347-2359.
[18] Tian Q H, Wang J J, Shao S Y, et al.Combining metabolomics and transcriptomics to analyze key response metabolites and molecular mechanisms of Aspergillus fumigatus under cadmium stress[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2024, 356: 124344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124344.
[19] Zhou Y, Li J J, Pei Y, et al.Cadmium spurred Microcystis aeruginosa to unleash more toxic metabolites[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2025, 292: 117915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117915.
[20] 李仰龙, 魏书蒙, 陈详腾, 等. 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌菌株JLS17对Cd²⁺胁迫的生长及代谢响应机制[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(8): 152-163.
Li Y L, Wei S M, Chen X T, et al.Growth and metabolic response mechanisms of Burkholderia cepacia strain JLS17 to Cd²⁺ stress[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(8): 152-163.
[21] Machado D S, Kloas A A, Zarfl C, et al. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems [J]. Global Change Biology, 2018, 24(4): 1405-1416. https://doi.org/10.1111/ gcb.14020.
[22] Rillig M C, Lehmann A, de Souza Machado A A, et al. Microplastic effects on plants [J]. New Phytolo-Gist, 2019, 223(3): 1066-1070. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15794.
[23] Wang F Y, Zhang X Q, Zhang S Q, et al. Interactions of microplastics and cadmium on plant growth and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in an agricultural soil [J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 254: 126791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
chemosphere.2020.126791.
[24] 曾刘婷. Pseudomonas putida胞外多聚物对铅镉的吸附性能与机理的研究[D]. 广州: 广东工业大学, 2022: 27-29.
Zeng L T.Adsorption performance and mechanism of lead and cadmium by extracellular polymers from Pseudomonas putida [D]. Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology, 2022: 27-29.
[25] Wu S J, Zhou Z J, Zhu L, et al.Cd immobilization mechanisms in a Pseudomonas strain and its application in soil Cd remediation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 425: 127919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127919.
[26] Liu Y Q, Chen Y, Li Y Y, et al.Plant growth-promoting bacteria improve the Cd phytoremediation efficiency of soils contaminated with PE-Cd complex pollution by influencing the rhizosphere microbiome of sorghum[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024, 469: 134085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134085.
[27] Karmakar K, Roy D, Pal S, et al.EPS-producing Bacteriapromote aggregation in soil preventing the leaching loss of nutrient[J]. Current Microbiology, 2025, 82(7): 307-320.
[28] Chi Y W, Ma X Z, Chu S H, et al. Nitrogen cycle induced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria drives “microbial partners” to enhance cadmium phytoremediation [J]. Microbiome, 2025, 13(1): 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-025-02113-x.
[29] 李奇, 王艳红, 李义纯, 等. 不同类型调理剂对镉污染土壤修复效果和微生物群落的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2022, 53(7): 1855-1866.
Li Q, Wang Y H, Li Y C, et al.Effects of the different types of conditioners on remediation andmicrobial community in Cd-contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2022, 53(7): 1855-1866.
[30] 刘宏缘, 岑锎, 刘怡琳, 等. 镉胁迫下复合菌剂对大豆的光合修复及其固定化效果的探究[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(10): 2538-2549.
Liu H Y, Cen K, Liu Y L, et al.Photosynthetic remediation and immobilization effects of compound microbial agents on soybean under cadmium stress[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(10): 2538-2549.
[31] Tang H T, Lin S M, Deng J L, et al.Engineering yeast for the de novo synthesis of jasmonates[J]. Nature Synthesis, 2024, 3(2): 224-235.
[32] Li Q, Liu Z Z, Jiang Z X, et al. Phenylalanine metabolism-dependent lignification confers rhizobacteriuminduced plant resistance [J]. Plant Physiology, 2025, 197(2): kiaf016. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiaf016.
[33] Prakash P, Pathak N, Hasnain S E.PheA (Rv3838c) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes an allosteric-ally regulated monofunctional prephenate dehydratase that requires both catalytic and regulatory domains for optimum activity[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2005, 280(21): 20666-20671.
[34] Wu F F, Fan J W, Ye X W, et al. Unraveling cadmium toxicity in Trifolium repens L. seedling: insight into regulatory mechanisms using comparative transcriptomics combined with physiological analyses [J]. Inter-national Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(9): 4612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094612.
[35] Hussain M, Hafeez A, Al-Huqail A A, et al. Effect of hesperidin on growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant systems and uptake of cadmium, copper, chromium and zinc by Celosia argentea plants[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2024, 207: 108433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108433.
[36] Bai F, Yu L H, Shi J A, et al.Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases activate fatty acids for lipid synthesis, remodeling and energy production in Chlamydomonas[J]. New Phytologist, 2022, 233(2): 823-837.
[37] Chamoli M, Goyala A, Tabrez S S, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and p38-MAPK link metabolic reprogramming to cytoprotective gene expression during dietary restriction [J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11(1): 4865. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18690-4.
[38] Kan Y, Mu X R, Qu F, et al.A stepwise decoding mechanism for heat sensing in plants connectslipid remodeling to a nuclear signaling cascade[J]. Cell, 2025, 188(26): 7378-7396.
[39] Chen Y, Liu X, Li Q, et al.Integrated genomics and transcriptomics reveal the extreme heavy metal tolerance and adsorption potentiality of Staphylococcus equorum[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 229: 388-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.298.
[40] Zhang Y T, Wang Z Q, Liu Y S, et al.Plasma membrane-associated calcium signaling modulates cadmium transport[J]. New Phytologist, 2023, 238(1): 313-331.