茶树花表型性状及全基因组关联分析

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茶树花表型性状及全基因组关联分析

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Phenotypic Traits and Genome-Wide Association Study of Camellia sinensis Flowers

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摘要

花作为茶树主要的生殖器官，其表型性状多样性研究对茶树遗传改良具有重要意义。以64份茶树种质为材料，系统鉴定了其花部9个质量性状与12个数量性状的表型多样性，并利用47 111个高质量单核苷酸多态性（Single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）标记进行了群体遗传结构与全基因组关联分析（Genome-wide association study，GWAS）。结果表明，供试材料花部性状遗传多样性丰富，其中子房茸毛、百花质量及分裂部位长度占花柱全长比例变异较大，可作为核心评价指标。群体结构分析将材料划分为3个遗传亚群，且与表型聚类结果高度一致。通过GWAS，共鉴定出273个SNP位点与10个重要花部性状显著关联，并进一步筛选出5个核心候选基因（GWHTASIV003067、GWHTASIV018433、GWHTASIV032688、GWHTASIV001183、GWHTASIV044042），其功能涉及生长调节、RNA编辑、细胞周期调控、染色质重塑及转录调控等关键生物学过程。研究从多维度系统解析了茶树花性状的遗传基础，为茶树花部性状的分子机制研究和分子标记辅助育种提供了重要的基因资源与理论依据。

Abstract

As the primary reproductive organ of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), the flower exhibits rich phenotypic diversity, which holds significant importance for the genetic improvement of tea varieties. In this study, 64 tea germplasm accessions were used to systematically investigate the phenotypic diversity of nine qualitative traits and twelve quantitative traits related to floral morphology. Based on 47 111 high-quality SNP markers, population genetic structure analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) were performed. The results revealed abundant genetic diversity in floral traits among the tested materials, with ovary villi, weight per 100 flowers, and the proportion of the bifurcation to the columella showing relatively large variation, which could serve as core evaluation indicators. Population structure analysis divided the materials into three genetic subgroups, which were highly consistent with the phenotypic clustering results. Through GWAS, 273 SNP loci significantly associated with 10 important floral traits were identified. Furthermore, five core candidate genes (GWHTASIV003067, GWHTASIV018433, GWHTASIV032688, GWHTASIV001183, GWHTASIV044042) were screened, which are involved in key biological processes such as growth regulation, RNA editing, cell cycle control, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional regulation. This study provides, for the first time, a systematic multidimensional analysis of the genetic basis of floral traits in tea plants, offering important gene resources and a theoretical foundation for research into the molecular mechanisms of floral traits and for molecular marker-assisted breeding in tea plant.

导出引用

阳虹^{1, 2, 3}, 邵陈禹¹, 姚林^{1, 2, 3}, 饶佳怡^{1, 2, 3}, 彭律文^{1, 2, 3}, 黄飞毅^{2, 3}, 段继华^{2, 3}, 谢念祠^{2, 3}, 陈宇宏^{2, 3}, 李赛君^{2, 3}, 刘硕谦^{1, 2}, 雷雨^{1, 2}. 茶树花表型性状及全基因组关联分析[J]. 茶叶科学. 0

YANG Hong^{1, 2, 3}, SHAO Chenyu¹, YAO Lin^{1, 2, 3}, RAO Jiayi^{1, 2, 3}, PENG Lüwen^{1, 2, 3}, HUANG Feiyi^{2, 3}, DUAN Jihua^{2, 3}, XIE Nianci^{2, 3}, CHEN Yuhong^{2, 3}, LI Saijun^{2, 3}, LIU Shuoqian^{1, 2}, LEI Yu^{1, 2}. Phenotypic Traits and Genome-Wide Association Study of Camellia sinensis Flowers[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 0

中图分类号： S571.1 S326

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