为了快速、准确地从丰富的茶树种质资源中鉴定出育种上迫切需要的优异基因源,需要建立茶树资源的核心种质。利用“茶树种质资源鉴定评价数据库”中数据齐全的1048份资源的基本数据和鉴定评价数据,从总体取样比例、分组方法、组内取样比例和取样方法等方面进行了茶树核心种质构建取样策略研究,为进行茶树核心种质构建提供方法依据。结果表明,以20％的总体取样比例遗传多样性指数最高,能够保留95％以上的表型性状。在此比例下,对3种分组方法、4种组内取样比例、2种组内取样方法与不分组完全随机取样共25种取样方法构建的茶树初级核心种质进行了比较,用表型保留比例、表型方差、表型频率方差、多样性指数、数量性状变异系数5个参数对不同取样方法与原始种质都进行了的比较分析,发现不同检验指标下各种方法的排序结果不同,分组方法与确定组内取样比例的方法之间存在明显的互作效应。综合5种检验参数的排序结果,确定茶区-对数比例-聚类取样为茶树初级核心种质构建的最佳取样策略。
In order to rapid and precisely identify the excellent gene resource for the breeding of tea plant, the construction on core collection of tea plant is necessary. Based on the passport and evaluated datum of 1048 tea accessions in “Evaluated database of tea germplasms”, the optimum sampling proportion, grouping methods, intra-group sampling proportion and methods, in order to obtain the optimum sampling strategy to establish the core collection of China tea germplasm. Results showed that, (1) 20% was the optimum sampling proportion, at this proportion, the genetic diversity index of core collection was higher than other proportions, and the reserved ratio of phenotypic charater of core collection was higher than 95%. (2) At 20% sampling proportion, 25 primary core collections using 3 grouping methods, 4 intra-group sampling proportions, 2 intra-group individual selecting methods were evaluated using 5 parameters to determine the optimum sampling methods. The five parameters were a) ratio of phenotype reserved, b) phenotypic of variance value, c) variance of phenotypic frequency, d) Shannon-weave genetic diversity index, e) coefficient of variation quantitative characters. Results showed that there were different ranks when different evaluated parameter was used. It implied that there was significant interaction between grouping methods, sampling proportion and sampling methods within group. Combined the ranking results of 5 parameters, the optimum sampling strategy to establish primary core collection of tea plant is cultivated region grouping-logarithm sampling proportion-cluster individual selecting.
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