用四臂嗅觉仪和昆虫触角电位仪（EAG）研究了新鲜茶梢和茶花的15种单一挥发性组分对有翅茶蚜的引诱效应。结果表明其中的顺-3-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯醛、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、正辛醇和己醛等组分,及茶花主要香气组分橙花醇和烯丙基异硫氰酸酯显著引诱有翅茶蚜。在嗅觉仪生测中,15种组分的10-4βg/ml和10-2βg/ml两种剂量引诱蚜数的差异明显。EAG反应还表明：①新鲜芽下第一叶气味引出的EAG值最大;②用10-2βg/ml的正己醇、正戊醇、1-戊烯-3-醇、2-戊烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯-1-醇和乙酸顺-3-己烯酯按1∶1∶1∶1∶1∶1∶1比例组成“绿叶气味”,也可引起有翅蚜强烈的EAG反应;③蚜害茶梢嫩茎的气味忌避有翅蚜。认为新梢和茶花释放的绿叶气味和水杨酸甲酯可引导有翅茶蚜朝茶梢定位,严重遭受蚜害的茶梢可能释放忌避有翅蚜的信息物质。
The attracting effects of the fifteen volatile components emitted from tea shoots and tea flowers on alate tea aphid, Toxoptera aurantii, were measured by four-arm olfactometer and electroantennogram (EAG). The result showed that in those odors (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, methyl salicylate, linalool, n-octanol and hexanal as well nerol and allyl isothiocyanate, the main aroma components from tea flowers showed significant attracting effect on the winged tea aphids. The difference in aphid number attracted by 2 doses of 10-4βg/ml and 10-2βg/ml of 15 components was obvious in olfactometer bioassay. EAG responses showed that: ① the EAG value by the odor from the fresh 1st leaf below the bud was largest; ② Simulating the “green leaf volatiles”, a mixture composed of 10-2βg/ml n-hexanol, n-pentanol, 1-penten-3-ol, 2-penten-1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate according to ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1∶1∶1∶1, could elicit strong EAG responses; ③ the odor from aphid-damaged tender stem repelled tea aphids. It was supposed that the green leaf volatiles and methyl salicylate liberated from tea shoots and tea flowers play a role of attracting lures in alate tea aphids foraging and orienting to tea shoots, and the aphid-damaged tea shoots maybe emit infochemicals to dispel tea aphids.
[1] Pettersson J.Studies on Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). I. Laboratory studies on olfactometric responses to the winter host Prunus padus L[J]. Lantbrukshögskolans Annaler, 1970, 36: 381~399.
[2] Hou Z Y, Yan F S, Chen X.Olfactory responses of Lysiphlebia japonica to volatile chemicals and fresh leaves of the host plants of cotton aphids in olfactometer[J]. Entomologia Sinica, 1996, 3: 49~57.
[3] Hou Z Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, et al. EAG and orientation tests on the parasitoid Lysiphlebia japonica (Hym., Aphidiidae) to volatile chemicals extracted from host plants of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii (Hom., Aphidae)[J]. J Appl Ent, 1997, 121: 495~500.
[4] Park K C, Elias D, Donato B, et al. Electroantennogram and behavioural responses of different forms of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, to sex pheromone and a plant volatile[J]. J Insect Physiol, 2000, 46: 597~604.
[5] 韩宝瑜, 崔林. 茶蚜及其主要天敌的种群动态[J].福建茶叶, 2003, (1): 13~14.
[6] 杜家纬. 植物–昆虫间的化学通讯及其行为控制[J]. 植物生理学报, 2001, 27: 193~200.
[7] Visser J H,Taanman J W.Odour-conditioned anemotaxis of apterous aphids (Cryptomyzus korschchelti) in response to host plants[J]. Physiol Entomol, 1987, 12: 473~479.
[8] Quiroz A, Pettersson J, Pickett J A, et al. Semiochemicals mediating spacing behavior of bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi feeding on cereals[J]. J Chem Ecol, 1997, 23: 2599~2607.
[9] Quiroz A, Niemeyer H.M. Olfactometer-assessed responses of aphid to wheat and oat volatiles[J]. J Chem Ecol, 1998, 24: 113~124.
[10] Visser J H, Piron P G M, Hardie J. The aphids’ peripheral perception of plant volatiles[J]. Entomol Exp Appl, 1996, 80: 35~38.
[11] Visser J H, Piron P G M. Olfactory antennal responses to plant volatiles in apterous virginoparae of the vetch aphid Megoura viciae[J]. Entomol Exp Appl, 1995, 77: 37~46.
[12] 刘勇, 陈巨莲, 倪汉祥. 麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜对小麦挥发物的触角电位反应[J]. 昆虫学报, 2003, 46: 679~683.
[13] 李名君. 茶叶挥发物中的醇类[A]. 见: 陈宗懋: 中国茶叶大辞典[M]. 北京: 轻工业出版社. 2000. pp. 352.
[14] 赵冬香, 陈宗懋, 程家安. 茶树–假眼小绿叶蝉–白班猎株间化学通讯物的分离与活性鉴定[J]. 茶叶科学, 2002, 22(2): 109~114.
[15] Bernasconi M, Turlings T C J, Ambrosetti L, Bassetti P, and Dorn S. Herbivore-induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis[J]. Entomol Exp Appl, 1998, 87: 133~142.
[16] 韩宝瑜. 茶树–茶蚜–捕食、寄生性天敌间定位、取食的物理、化学通讯机制[C]. 中国农业科学院博士学位论文. 1999: 58~64.
浙公网安备 33019902000101号 
