基于时变随机前沿引力模型和贸易非效率模型,运用37个代表性国家和地区2001—2017年面板数据,实证分析了中国茶叶出口的影响因素与贸易效率。结果显示,我国茶叶出口贸易效率呈现随时间递增的趋势,但是总体上我国茶叶出口效率处于较低水平,且呈现区域不平衡,对发达经济体的出口贸易效率相对较高,与“一带一路”沿线国家的茶叶贸易效率比较低;我国茶叶出口效率无法完全实现主要是由于技术效率损失;国内供给增加、进口市场容量扩大以及贸易成本降低均对茶叶贸易效率有促进作用;进口市场营商环境改善一定程度上能够抵消贸易非效率的影响,提升我国茶叶出口效率;自由贸易协定对于我国茶叶出口尚未发挥作用。
Based on the stochastic frontier gravity model and trade non-efficiency model, using panel data of 37 representative countries (regions) from 2001 to 2017, influencing factors and trade efficiency of China tea export were analyzed. The results show that China tea export efficiency had a rising tendency, but the overall export efficiency was at a low level and presented regional imbalance. The China tea export efficiency with the developed economies was relatively high, but the tea trade efficiency with countries along "the Belt and Road" was at a very low level. The failure to realize the full potential of China tea export efficiency mainly came from the loss of technical efficiency. The increase of domestic supply, the expansion of importing market capacity and the reduction of trade cost were all conducive to improve China tea export efficiency. To some extent, the business environment improvement of importing markets could offset the impact of trade inefficiency. Free trade agreement had not yet played a positive role in China tea export.
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