以农业区位理论、比较优势理论和理性“经济人”假说为基础,构建考虑文化因素在内的中国茶叶生产布局变迁影响因素的理论分析框架,利用1993—2018年16个产茶省区的面板数据,阐述了中国茶叶生产布局变迁的特征与规律,厘清其主要影响因子和驱动机制。结果表明,1993—2018年期间,中国茶产业在生产规模上急剧扩张,茶叶生产空间变迁明显,特征差异显著;茶叶生产布局是自然资源、消费需求、文化因素、科技进步与社会经济因素共同作用的结果,这些因素随着时间的推移对茶叶生产布局产生深刻的影响,并引起全国各产茶省的差异;自然资源、科技进步是茶叶生产布局变动的基础和前提,也是茶叶生产布局变动的制约条件。茶叶生产布局变化的决定性条件是消费需求和社会经济因素。品牌建设和政策扶持对于当前的茶产业发展也是重要的补充因素。在此基础上,本文提出因地制宜优化茶叶生产布局;加强土地资源保护,合理规划茶园种植面积,保持茶产业持续稳定发展;重视科技创新和应用,提高茶叶单产水平;利用茶叶生产区际交互影响,实现茶产业整体效益提升等政策建议。
Based on the agricultural location theory, comparative advantage theory and rational "economic man" hypothesis, a theoretical analysis framework taking cultural factors and factors affecting the changes in China's tea production layout into account was constructed using data from 16 tea-producing provinces across the country from 1993 to 2018. The panel data of the district expounded the characteristics and laws of the changes in China's tea production layout, and clarified the main influencing factors and driving mechanisms that affected the changes in China's tea production layout. The results show that: (1) After the reform and opening up, from 1993 to 2018, China's tea industry had agglomerated and expanded in terms of production scale, and the tea production space had changed significantly, with significant differences in characteristics. (2) The layout of tea yield was based on natural resources, consumer demand, and culture. The factors like technological progress and social and economic factors had a profound impact on the layout of tea production over time, and resulted in differences in tea-producing provinces across the country. (3) Natural resources and technological progress were the basis and prerequisite for changes in the layout of tea production. The decisive conditions for changes in the layout of tea production were consumer demand and socio-economic factors. Brand building and policy support were also important supplementary factors for the current development of the tea industry. On this basis, this article proposed to optimize the layout of tea production according to local conditions, strengthen the protection of land resources, rationally plan the area of tea gardens, maintain the continuous and stable development of the tea industry, attach importance to technological innovation and application to improve the level of tea yields and use the inter-regional interaction of tea production to achieve policy recommendations such as improving the overall efficiency of the tea industry.
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