不同种质茶叶籽皂素含量及组成分析

陈宇宏; 高颖; 韩震; 尹军峰

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.005

茶叶科学 >

2022 , Vol. 42 >Issue 5: 705 - 716

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.005

研究报告

不同种质茶叶籽皂素含量及组成分析

陈宇宏 ,
高颖 ,
韩震 ,
尹军峰

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1.中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,浙江杭州 310008;
2.中国农业科学院研究生院,北京 100081;
3.宁波市农业技术推广总站,浙江宁波 315012

陈宇宏,女,博士研究生,主要从事茶深加工与多元化利用研究。

收稿日期: 2022-04-25

修回日期: 2022-05-13

网络出版日期: 2022-10-28

基金资助

中国农业科学院创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2016-TRI）、浙江省“万人计划”科技创新人才项目（2018R52024）、财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-19-02A）、宁波市科技计划（202002N3020）

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Analysis of the Saponin Contents and Composition in Tea Seeds of Different Germplasms

CHEN Yuhong ,
GAO Ying ,
HAN Zhen ,
YIN Junfeng

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1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China;
2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
3. General Agricultural Extension Station of Ningbo City, Ningbo 315012, China

Received date: 2022-04-25

Revised date: 2022-05-13

Online published: 2022-10-28

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摘要

茶皂素是一类在山茶科植物种子中含量丰富且具有特异生物活性的化合物,但不同种质茶叶籽中皂素含量及组成尚不清晰。以浙江省同一地区采集的21个茶树品种（系）的茶叶籽为试验材料,对茶叶籽的基本特征、皂素含量及组成进行测定和分析。结果表明,不同品种（系）的茶叶籽的百粒质量、壳仁比、皂素含量均有显著性差异（P<0.05）。紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测得21个茶树品种（系）的茶叶籽的皂素含量范围分别为30.82%~48.16%和16.93%~31.82%,其中黄观音的茶叶籽皂素含量最高。利用高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电轨道阱质谱（UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS）同时检测出68种茶叶籽皂素单体,其中Theasaponin E1的峰相对强度最大。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）显示,21个品种（系）的茶叶籽以树型为依据被明显地划分为2组,组间差异单体物质有21种。结合相关性分析,高积累的Theasaponin E12、Camelliasaponin B1/B2、Theasaponin A5/A6、Camelliasaponin C1/C2和Assamsaponin G可能是灌木型种质资源有别于小乔木型、乔木型种质资源的重要特征物质。研究结果为生产茶叶籽皂素原料的选择和高值化利用奠定了基础。

关键词： 茶叶籽; 超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱; 单体; 皂素

本文引用格式

陈宇宏 , 高颖 , 韩震 , 尹军峰 . 不同种质茶叶籽皂素含量及组成分析[J]. 茶叶科学, 2022 , 42(5) : 705 -716 . DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.005

Abstract

Tea saponins are abundant in the seeds of Camellia sinensis with specific biological activities. Their contents and composition in tea seeds of different germplasms remain unclear. In this study, seeds from 21 tea germplasms were collected from the same region of Zhejiang and used as experimental materials to determine the basic characteristics, saponin contents and composition. Correlation analysis between germplasm and saponin composition was also performed. The results show that the seed weight, shell kernel ratio and saponin content of different tea seeds were significantly different (P<0.05). The saponin content detected by UV spectral method and HPLC ranged from 30.82% to 48.16% and 16.93% to 31.82%, respectively. ‘Huangguanyin' had the highest saponin content in tea seeds. Totally 68 tea seed saponin monomers were detected simultaneously using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer（UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS）. Theasaponin E1 had the highest relative intensity. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) shows that the 21 tea seed germplasms can be distinguished into 2 groups according to tree type with 21 different Camelliasaponin B1/B2, Theasaponin A5/A6, Camelliasaponin C1/C2 and Assamsaponin G were the most significant characteristic substances of semi-tree form and arbor form resources. The results of the study laid the foundation for the selection and value-added utilization of tea seed saponins.

Key words： monomer; saponin; tea seed; UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS

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