呋虫胺、苯醚甲环唑、唑虫酰胺、虫螨腈、联苯菊酯、丁醚脲与草甘膦等7种农药是在我国登记的在茶树上广泛使用的化学农药,是茶叶中农药残留风险评估重点监控对象。使用气相色谱和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱,监测了绿茶冲泡中7种农药的浸出率。结果发现,茶汤中农药的浸出率与水溶解度、辛醇/水分配系数相关。呋虫胺、草甘膦易溶于水,在茶汤中的平均浸出率均高于70%,其他5种农药的水溶解度较低,平均浸出率小于11.3%。不同农药在绿茶第一次冲泡和第二次冲泡时,浸出率存在较大差异,除联苯菊酯外,6种农药在第一次冲泡时的平均浸出率是第二次的0.89~2.55倍。以喷药后第10天制备的绿茶为评估对象,根据农药的毒性及人体暴露风险评估表明,饮用绿茶茶汤摄入7种残留农药对人体健康的风险较低,其累积风险商仅为4.1%。
关键词：
茶; 茶汤; 风险评估; 浸出规律; 农药
Seven pesticides, including dinotefuran, difenoconazole, tolfenpyrad, chlorfenapyr, bifenthrin, diafenthiuron and glyphosate are registered and widely used as chemical pesticides on tea plants in China. These pesticides are key monitoring objects for pesticide residue risk assessment in tea. In this study, gas chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to monitor the leaching rates of seven pesticides during green tea brewing. The results show that the leaching rates of pesticides in tea infusion were related to water solubility and octanol/water partition coefficient. Dinotefuran and glyphosate were easily soluble in water, so their average leaching rates in tea infusion were higher than 70%. The water solubilities of the other five pesticides were lower, and their average leaching rates were less than 11.3%. There were significant differences in the leaching rates of different pesticides during the first and second infusions. With the exception of bifenthrin, the average leaching rates of other six pesticides of the first infusion were 0.89-2.55 times that of the second infusion. A risk assessment of green tea made from fresh leaves 10 days after pesticide spraying was performed. According to the toxicity and human exposure risk assessment of pesticides, the risk of human health impact from ingesting seven residual pesticides through drinking green tea soup was relatively low, and the cumulative hazard quotient of the seven pesticides was only 4.1%.
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