为阐明怀化地区茶树种质资源的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,提升地方茶树资源开发与利用的效率,以怀化地区收集并初步筛选的72份茶树种质资源为研究对象,通过系统农艺性状观测与筛选,结合全基因组测序技术进行基因组单核苷酸多态性（Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）检测,并对其群体遗传结构、同源一致性及亲缘关系进行深入分析。结果表明,72份茶树资源主要以大叶种（39份）与中叶种（31份）为主;其中氨基酸含量高于5%的茶树资源有41份,酚氨比高于10的有3份,低于8的有61份。关联分析表明,芽长与咖啡碱（γ=0.862 8）、水浸出物（γ=0.871 8）关联密切。基因组学分析显示,72份茶树资源可划分为2个纯系组和1个混合组,其中中方组与洪江组聚为一类,靖州组和沅陵组各自独立成簇,通过CoreHunter筛选出核心种质资源56份。研究结果为碣滩茶专用品种选育及特色茶树资源创新利用提供了重要的理论依据和材料基础。
To elucidate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of tea germplasm resources in the Huaihua region and enhance the efficiency of local tea resource development and utilization, this study focused on 72 tea germplasm resources collected and preliminarily screened from the Huaihua area. Through systematic agronomic trait observation and screening, combined with whole-genome sequencing for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, an in-depth analysis was conducted on their population genetic structure, identity-by-descent (IBD), and genetic relationships. The results show that the 72 tea resources primarily consisted of large-leaf varieties (39 accessions) and medium-leaf varieties (31 accessions). Among them, 41 accessions had an amino acid content exceeding 5%, three exhibited a phenol-ammonia ratio above 10, and 61 had a ratio below 8. Correlation analysis reveals that bud length was significantly correlated with caffeine content (γ=0.862 8) and water extract (γ=0.871 8). Genomic analysis indicates that the 72 resources could be classified into two pure lineages and one admixed group. Specifically, the Zhongfang and Hongjiang groups clustered together, while the Jingzhou and Yuanling groups formed separate clusters. Using CoreHunter, 56 core germplasm resources were selected. This study provided an important theoretical foundation and material basis for the breeding of specialty Jietan tea cultivars and the innovative utilization of unique tea resources.
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