Journal of Tea Science

Proteomic Analysis of Tea Leaf under Polyethylene Glycol Stress

GUO Chun-fang, SUN Yun, LAI Cheng-chun, ZHANG Mu-qing

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 79-88. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.001

Abstract ( 391 )

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Two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) were carried out to study the proteomic change in of tea leaves in responsive to polyethylene glycol(PEG) stress, and expression profiles of 18 different proteins were analyzed under PEG stress. Sixteen different proteins were identified by MS/MS using 4700 Proteomics Analyzer(Applied Biosystems, USA),and 14 proteins were identified and represented 10 kinds of proteins. In these proteins, 5 were the same protein—ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit(RubisoLSU), other 9 proteins were response proteins to PEG stress including photosystem II 23 kDa polypeptide,chloroplast chaperonin 21, triose phosphate isomerase(TPI), ATP synthase subunit, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 1(SAMS1), centroradialis(CEN), nascent polypeptide associated complex alpha chain(α-NAC), 20 S proteasome alpha subunit E2(PAE2) and translation initiation factor 5A(eIF5A). These proteins will play an important role in many life activities of plant, such as chloroplast composition, sugar metabolism, energy metabolism, sulfur metabolism, protein metabolism, signal transduction, gene expression regulation and programmed cell death.

Study on Degradation of Nitrite by Kombucha Tea

FENG Yi, JIANG Sheng-jun, WANG Chao, LUO Chang-hui, DAN Zhong

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 89-94. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.002

Abstract ( 653 )

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In order to explore the health-protecting mechanism of Kombucha tea in the preventing of gastrointestinal cancer and other diseases, degradation of nitrite in vitro by Kombucha tea was preliminarily studied. The results showed that Kombucha tea could efficiently degrade nitrite in vitro and generate a lot of NO. 100~1 000 mg/L of sodium nitrite were added in the Kombucha tea, the degradation of nitrite by kombucha tea was up to 89.02~431.16 mg/L in 2 h. 5~200 mg/L of sodium nitrite could be efficiently degraded by kombucha tea, which could generate 52.3~376.1 mg/m³ of NO in 20 mins.

Study on the Change of Aroma Constituents During Pu-erh Tea Process

LU Hai-peng, ZHONG Qiu-sheng, WANG Li, LIN Zhi

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 95-101. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.003

Abstract ( 370 )

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The change of aroma constituents in Pu-erh raw tea during the pile-fermentation process were determined by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Results showed that the alcohols and hydrocarbons decreased distinctively, however, the heterocyclic oxygen compounds and esters increased distinctively during the pile-fermentation process. 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene was the most abundant component among the heterocyclic oxygen compounds, and its content reached the highest when the pile-fermentation process finished, and some main aromatic components, and relative contents which were obvious differences in Pu-erh raw tea and Pu-erh tea were analyzed.

Dynamic Change of Main Biochemical Components of Premium Green Tea Fresh Leaves during Spreading

YIN Jun-feng, XU Yong-quan, YUAN Hai-bo, YU Shu-ping, WEI Kun-kun, CHEN Jian-xin, WANG Fang, WU Rong-mei

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 102-110. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.004

Abstract ( 487 )

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By using of a leaf and a bud shoot as fresh tea leaves material, and spread continuously (78%~61%), spread leaves with different moisture content were fixed with liquid nitrogen and freeze-dried. then the contents of tea polyphenols and catechin components, total amino acids and free components, caffeine, total chlorophyll, Vc and total soluble sugar were determined to study the dynamic change of biochemical components of fresh tea leaves during spreading. Results showed that with increasing of spreading time, moisture content of fresh tea leaves decreased rapidly gradually, weight of dry substance decreased; contents of tea polyphenols and total catechins decreased at first and then increased during spreading, total esters-catechins decreased gradually, but GC could not be detected in fresh tea leaves and spread tea leaves, content of total amino acids increased, but different free amino acid have different changing trends during spreading; content of caffeine and total soluble sugar increased while total chlorophyll and Vc decreased gradually. Different biochemical components of fresh tea leaves changes in different rules during spreading. This study provides supplied some theory for improving the quality of premium green tea.

Analysis of the Aroma Components in the Pile-Fermentation of Small Leaf Tea Picked in Summer and Autumn

JIN Dong-shuang, GONG Shu-ying, LIN Yu-hao, ZHANG Ying-bin, GU Zhi-lei, WANG Hai-jian

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 111-119. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.005

Abstract ( 432 )

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The pile-fermentation experiment was conducted in Zhejiang province by using the sun-dried raw green tea processed by the summer/autumn small leaf tea plant. The aroma components of the tea sampled in different pile-fermentation time were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS (Headspace-Solid-phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Resulted showed that eight groups of aroma components were identified, which were terpene and derivatives, hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and acids. The main components among them were terpenes and derivatives the contents was up to 70.20% in the finished products. The maximum value of types (totally 47 kinds of compounds) of aroma was on the tenth day and the relative content was maximum (95.78%) on the fifth day after pile-fermentation. Those the components related to the sweet aroma were 3-Octanone, 3-Carene, Selinene and etc, which increasd when the sweet aroma improved. Some new components were detected in the finished products, such as Hexanal, methyl-Cyclopentane, Heptanol, 2-Pentyl-Furan, Isophoron, and others. The characteristic aroma components of the small-leaf pile-fermented tea were includeα-Cedrene, β-Cedrene, α-Gurjunene, β-Cyclocitral,β-Ionone, Cedrol, etc, especially terpene and derivatives.

Study on Cryopreservation of Suspension Culture Cells by Vitrification in Camellia Sinensis

LIU Ya-jun, GAO Li-ping, XIA Tao, GAO Ke-jun

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 120-126. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.006

Abstract ( 445 )

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To preserve eminent cell lines with stable metabolism, the cryopreservation of suspension culture cells by vitrification in Camellia sinensis has been preliminarily investigated in this article. It showed that the preculture for four days was best, loading with 60% PVS₂ in freezing bath for 20 minutes was optimal. Treating with 100% PVS₂ dehydration in freezing bath for 60 minutes was suggested. The cryopreservation of suspension culture cells warmed in 40℃water bath had the highest survival rate. The cells’ survival rate was as high as 76% when these parameters were adopted through the whole trial. The procedure of cryopreservation of suspension culture cells by vitrification in Camellia sinensis was preliminarily established.

Application of Tea on Reducing Harmful Components in Smoking

YAO Er-min, ZHANG Jun-song, LIANG Yong-lin

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 127-130. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.007

Abstract ( 514 )

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In order to investigate the reduction of free radical and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) by tea filter, the content of free radical in cigarette mainstream smoke was detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in conjunction with the spin trapping method. The experimental results showed that the contents of free radical in gas phase and solid phase of tea filter cigarette mainstream smoke were reduced by 16.42%~0.48% and 12.36%~16.48%, respectively, compare with regular filter cigarette. The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) were detected by gas chromatography-thermal energy analyzer. The results indicated that the contents of NNN, NAT, NAB, NNK and total TSNAs in tea filter flue-cured cigarette mainstream smoke were to be reduced by 16.88%, 15.12%, 26.04%, 11.39% and 14.61% respectively, the contents of NNN、NAT、NAB、NNK and total TSNAs in tea filter blended cigarette mainstream smoke were to be reduced by 23.04%, 11.62%, 17.41%, 17.38% and 17.41% respectively, compare with regular filter cigarette. So application of tea-filter in cigarette is an effective way to reduce harmful components in cigarette smoke.

Study on the Activity of Dark Tea Extracts to FXR and LXR Model

SONG Lu-bin, HUANG Jian-an, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Hao, WANG Kun-bo

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 131-135. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.008

Abstract ( 384 )

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By using the Pu-er tea, Liu-bao tea, Fu-zhuan tea, Hua-zhuan tea, Qing-zhuan tea, Hei-zhuan tea as study material, and Tuo tea, Mi-zhuan tea as contrast material, the Activity of Dark tea to FXR and LXR Model was studied. The results showed that the Dark tea possesses a fine activety on FXR receptor. Pu-er tea possesses a good activation to LXR receptor, and Tuo tea increase hypersensitive of FXR. Therefore, Dark tea possesses a certain role in adjusting cholesterol in the blood and glycometabolism, and with good activity on anti-metabolic syndrome.

Construction of No-Pollution Control System on Tea Pests Based on Chemical Ecology

SUN Xiao-ling, CHEN Zong-mao

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 136-143. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.009

Abstract ( 390 )

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Progress and application of ecological functions of the sex pheromone of tea pests, herbivore induced tea volatiles, extraneous induction on resistance of tea plant, and behavioral regulation effect of secondary metabolites from nonhost on Ectropis obliqua Prout and Empoasca vitis (Göthe) were introduced. The construction and prospects on no-pollution control system of tea pests based on the current chemical ecology achievements was discussed.

Nutritional Diagnosis for the Pathogenesis of Fluorescence Green Spot Disease of Tea Plant

YAO Yuan-tao, ZHANG Li-xia, WANG Ri-wei, MI Pei-pei, WANG Jun

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 144-153. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.010

Abstract ( 361 )

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The fluorescence green spot disease is a physiological disease of mature tea plant. The symptom is that there are many green spots on the lower epidermis of tea leaves. Moreover, green and yellow fluorescence can be emitted from the green spots. In order to investigate the cause of this disease, the contents of thirteen mineral elements in the diseased tea leaves that picked from different areas in Shandong province and various tea varieties and degree of disease were analyzed, and then were compared with the contents of the control and the range contents of normal tea leaves to select the elements that are relative to occurring the fluorescent green spot disease of tea plant. On the basis of above results, the hydroponics experimentation for inducing fluorescent green spot disease of tea leaves by applying with different nutrient solutions were designed. The mineral contents in tea leaves in different treatment were determined. Results indicated that ⑴ excessive content of calcium, manganese and aluminum respectively can cause the fluorescent green spot disease of tea plant. ⑵ the fluorescent green spot disease of tea leaves occurred in Shandong province due to the excessive accumulation of calcium and manganese in tea leaves. In addition, the nutritional diagnosis index for excessive content of calcium, manganese and aluminum in tea leaves was discussed.

The Regional Diversity of Resistance of Tea Green Leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (GÖthe), to Insecticides in Fujian Province

ZHUANG Jia-xiang, FU Jian-wei, SU Qing-quan, LI Jian-yu, ZHAN Zhi-xiong

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 154-158. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.011

Abstract ( 388 )

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The relative susceptible toxicity baseline of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (GÖthe) to 8 insecticides were tested in this study. Also, the regional diversity of resisitance to 5 insecticides in Fujian Province was analyzed by the tea tip-dipping method. The results showed high toxicities to the tea green leafhopper of 8 insecticides, including Bifenthrin, Chlorfenapyr, Cyhalothrin, Imidacloprid, Beta-cypermethrin, Acetamiprid, Buprofezin and Cartap. Different resistance levels were found in the different sites. Higher resistance level was observed in Fuan population to Bifenthrin and Acetamiprid. The resistance indexes were 44.1 and 97.4 times, respectively. The resistance index to Imidacloprid was 11.8 times. The Beifeng population showed a middle-level resistance to Cartap and the resistance index was 16.4 times. The Wuyi mountain population showed a high-level resistance to Acetamiprid and the resistance index was 52.3 times. The tea green leafhopper collected from different sites displayed different sensitive to Chlorfenapyr.

Sampling Strategy to Establish a Primary Core Collection of Chinese Tea Germplasms

WANG Xin-chao, LIU Zhen, YAO Ming-zhe, MA Chun-lei, CHEN Liang, YANG Ya-jun

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 159-167. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.012

Abstract ( 429 )

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In order to rapid and precisely identify the excellent gene resource for the breeding of tea plant, the construction on core collection of tea plant is necessary. Based on the passport and evaluated datum of 1048 tea accessions in “Evaluated database of tea germplasms”, the optimum sampling proportion, grouping methods, intra-group sampling proportion and methods, in order to obtain the optimum sampling strategy to establish the core collection of China tea germplasm. Results showed that, (1) 20% was the optimum sampling proportion, at this proportion, the genetic diversity index of core collection was higher than other proportions, and the reserved ratio of phenotypic charater of core collection was higher than 95%. (2) At 20% sampling proportion, 25 primary core collections using 3 grouping methods, 4 intra-group sampling proportions, 2 intra-group individual selecting methods were evaluated using 5 parameters to determine the optimum sampling methods. The five parameters were a) ratio of phenotype reserved, b) phenotypic of variance value, c) variance of phenotypic frequency, d) Shannon-weave genetic diversity index, e) coefficient of variation quantitative characters. Results showed that there were different ranks when different evaluated parameter was used. It implied that there was significant interaction between grouping methods, sampling proportion and sampling methods within group. Combined the ranking results of 5 parameters, the optimum sampling strategy to establish primary core collection of tea plant is cultivated region grouping-logarithm sampling proportion-cluster individual selecting.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Wild Tea Plants in Sichuan and Chongqing by ISSR Markers

WANG Heng-hong, SUO Hua-yi, YANG Jian, LIU Qin-jin

Journal of Tea Science. 2009, 29(2): 168-172. doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2009.2.013

Abstract ( 387 )

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The ISSR markers were used to analysis the genetic diversity of 12 important wild tea plants in the areas of Sichuan and Chongqing. Seven primers were screened from 60 random primers, and a total of 146 DNA bands were amplified, among which 139(95.2%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA bands was 21. ISSR data matrix was built according to this method which is to record 1 when there is an amplified band, and 0 when there is not. Nei' s gene diversity (H) and Shannon's information index (I) were 0.20 and 0.34, respectively. Through the UPGAM cluster analysis of 12 wild tea plants, the genetic similarity among all the tested wild teas ranged from 0.37 to 0.71, averaging 0.51. Based on it, a DNA molecular dendrogram was established. The dendrogram divided the 12 wild teas into three groups.

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