调控茶树抗寒性对茶树越冬栽培、稳定产量、提升茶叶品质具有重要意义。为探究植物生长调节剂对茶树低温耐受性的影响,以‘保靖黄金茶1号'为试验材料,在自然低温条件下,分别叶面喷施稀释1 000倍（有效成分0.01 mg·L-1,C1）、500倍（有效成分0.02 mg·L-1,C2）和250倍（有效成分0.04 mg·L-1,C3）的吲哚丁酸·S-诱抗素复配制剂,以喷施清水为对照,系统测定茶树农艺性状、光合参数、叶绿素相对含量、主要品质成分（茶多酚与游离氨基酸）及抗逆生理指标（过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量）,综合评价该复配制剂对茶树抗寒性的生理调控效应,并通过转录组测序与分析,从分子层面解析其作用机制。结果表明,喷施复配制剂能改善茶树叶片生长,显著提高净光合速率与气孔导度等光合性能（P<0.05）,增加叶绿素相对含量、茶多酚与游离氨基酸含量,显著增强过氧化物酶活性,降低丙二醛积累（P<0.05）,有效缓解低温引起的膜脂过氧化损伤。主成分分析筛选出综合表现最优的处理为C2。转录组分析显示,C2处理与对照相比共有1 150个差异表达基因,其中674个上调,476个下调。KEGG富集分析表明,差异基因主要富集于单萜类生物合成、谷胱甘肽代谢、亚油酸代谢、黄酮类生物合成、玉米素合成、碳代谢、核黄素代谢以及次生代谢物生物合成等通路。本研究从生理与分子水平揭示了吲哚丁酸·S-诱抗素复配制剂通过协同调节光合特性、抗氧化系统与次生代谢网络增强茶树低温适应性的机制,为茶树抗寒栽培管理及品种选育提供了理论依据。
Abstract
Regulating the cold resistance of tea plants is of great significance to the overwintering cultivation, stable yield and quality improvement of the tea industry. To explore the effect of plant growth regulators on the low temperature tolerance in tea plants, a tea cultivar ‘Baojing Huangjincha 1' was used as the experimental material in this study. Under the condition of natural low temperature, the leaves were sprayed with indole butyric acid·S-abscisic acid compound at concentration of 1 000 times (active ingredient 0.01 mg·L-1, C1), 500 times (active ingredient 0.02 mg·L-1, C2) and 250 times dilution (active ingredient 0.04 mg·L-1, C3), with water sprayed onto the leaves as the control. The agronomic traits, photosynthetic parameters, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), main quality components (tea polyphenols and free amino acids) and stress-resistant physiological indexes (peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde content) of tea plants were systematically determined to comprehensively evaluate the physiological regulation effect of the compound on the cold tolerance of tea plants. RNA-seq analysis was further used for exploring its mechanism at a molecular level. The results show that spraying the compound agent improved leaf growth (length, width and thickness), significantly improved photosynthetic performance such as net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance (P<0.05), increased SPAD value, tea polyphenol and free amino acid contents, significantly enhanced POD activity and reduced MDA accumulation (P<0.05), and effectively alleviated membrane lipid peroxidation damage caused by low temperature. Principal component analysis shows that the best treatment was C2 (active ingredient 0.02 mg·L-1). Transcriptome analysis shows that there were 1 150 differentially expressed genes in the C2 treatment compared with the control, of which 674 were up-regulated and 476 were down-regulated. KEGG enrichment analysis shows that the differential genes were mainly enriched in monoterpene biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, zeatin synthesis, carbon metabolism, riboflavin metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This study reveals the mechanism of indolebutyric acid·S-abscisic acid to enhance the low temperature adaptability of tea plants by synergistically regulating photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant system and secondary metabolic network at physiological and molecular levels, which provided a theoretical basis for the cultivation and management of cold-resistant tea plants and the breeding of cold-resistant cultivars.
关键词
茶树 /
自然低温 /
调节剂 /
生长发育 /
转录组分析
Key words
tea plant /
natural low temperature /
regulator /
growth and development /
transcriptome analysis
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2019YFD1002205-3）
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