为综合评价不同茶树品种在黔北地区的生长情况,并筛选出适应当地生态环境的优异茶树品种,以46个茶树品种为材料,测定13项生长表型与品质指标,采用变异系数、Shannon多样性指数（H′）、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析进行综合评价。结果表明：①46个茶树品种的13项指标差异极显著（P<0.01）,变异系数为5.74%~53.74%,分枝高度（53.74%）和酚氨比（30.68%）变异系数最大;H′为1.72~2.04,遗传多样性丰富。②游离氨基酸与酚氨比、茶多酚呈极显著负相关（P<0.001）;百芽质量与地径、冠幅、叶面积呈极显著正相关（P<0.001）,与发芽密度呈极显著负相关（P<0.001）。③主成分分析提取6个主成分,累计贡献率为86.630%;综合得分前5名品种为‘黔湄601'‘中茶108'‘云抗10号'‘雪芽100'和‘紫娟'。④聚类分析将46个茶树品种分为4个类群,第Ⅱ类群（‘黔湄601'‘中茶108'‘云抗10号'‘紫娟'及‘郁金香'等）生长势强、茶多酚含量高（18.41%）。综上,‘黔湄601'‘中茶108'‘云抗10号'‘雪芽100'和‘紫娟'等5个品种综合性状优良,可作为黔北地区品种改良与特色产品开发的优选材料。
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the growth performance of different tea cultivars in northern Guizhou and to screen for elite cultivars adapted to the local ecological environment, 13 growth phenotypic and quality indicators were measured using 46 tea cultivars as test materials. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the coefficient of variation, Shannon diversity index (H′), correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that: ① There were highly significant differences (P<0.01) in the 13 indicators, with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.74% to 53.74%. Branch height (53.74%) and the phenol-to-amine ratio (30.68%) exhibited the greatest variation. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 1.72 to 2.04, indicating high genetic diversity. ② Free amino acid content was significantly negatively correlated with phenol-ammonia ratio and tea polyphenol content (P<0.001). 100-bud weight was significantly positively correlated with ground diameter, crown width, and leaf area (P<0.001), but significantly negatively correlated with germination density (P<0.001). ③ Six principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 86.630%. The top five cultivars ranked by their comprehensive score were ‘Qianmei 601' ‘Zhongcha 108' ‘Yunkang 10' ‘Xueya 100', and ‘Zijuan'. ④ Cluster analysis divided the 46 cultivars into four groups, among which Group Ⅱ ‘Qianmei 601' ‘Zhongcha 108' ‘Yunkang 10' ‘Zijuan', and ‘Yujinxiang' exhibited strong growth vigor and high polyphenol content (18.41%). In conclusion, five cultivars including ‘Qianmei 601' demonstrated superior comprehensive traits and can be used as preferred materials for cultivar improvement and specialized product development in northern Guizhou.
关键词
茶树品种 /
生长表型 /
品质成分 /
主成分分析 /
聚类分析
Key words
tea cultivars /
growth phenotype /
quality components /
principal component analysis /
cluster analysis
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基金
遵义市校联合项目[遵市科合HZ字（2022）410号、遵市科合HZ字（2024）335号]
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