茶树炭疽病防治技术研究进展与展望

魏鑫颖; 杜悦阳; 周逸德; 谭新东; 孙彬妹; 赵竑博; 郑鹏; 刘少群; 孟慧

PDF(987 KB)

茶叶科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3) : 381-393.

综述

茶树炭疽病防治技术研究进展与展望

魏鑫颖, 杜悦阳, 周逸德, 谭新东, 孙彬妹, 赵竑博, 郑鹏, 刘少群, 孟慧^*

作者信息 +

Advances in Prevention and Control Techniques of Tea Anthracnose

WEI Xinying, DU Yueyang, ZHOU Yide, TAN Xindong, SUN Binmei, ZHAO Hongbo, ZHENG Peng, LIU Shaoqun, MENG Hui^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

茶树炭疽病系由炭疽菌（Colletotrichum spp.）侵染所致的叶部病害,广泛分布于我国西南、江南等山区茶园,尤其在春秋两季发生较为严重,对茶叶产量和品质造成显著影响。本文从茶树炭疽病的病原菌、发病症状、发生规律及防治技术等方面进行全面综述,主要探讨了农业防治、化学防治和生物防治的研究进展,并对未来可持续、环境友好型防治技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract

Tea anthracnose, a foliar pathological damage caused by Colletotrichum spp., is widely distributed in the mountainous tea gardens of Southwest China and the Jiangnan region. The disease is most severe in spring and autumn, significantly impacting tea yield and quality. This paper comprehensively reviewed the pathogen biology, disease symptoms, epidemic patterns, and control technologies of tea anthracnose, with particular emphasis on recent advances in agricultural, chemical, and biological control strategies. Furthermore, prospects for sustainable and environmentally friendly management approaches were discussed.

导出引用

魏鑫颖, 杜悦阳, 周逸德, 谭新东, 孙彬妹, 赵竑博, 郑鹏, 刘少群, 孟慧. 茶树炭疽病防治技术研究进展与展望[J]. 茶叶科学. 2026, 46(3): 381-393

WEI Xinying, DU Yueyang, ZHOU Yide, TAN Xindong, SUN Binmei, ZHAO Hongbo, ZHENG Peng, LIU Shaoqun, MENG Hui. Advances in Prevention and Control Techniques of Tea Anthracnose[J]. Journal of Tea Science. 2026, 46(3): 381-393

中图分类号： S571.1 S435.711

参考文献

[1] Li T T, Wang S R, Shi D D, et al. Phosphate deficiency induced by infection promotes synthesis of anthracnose-resistant anthocyanin-3-O-galactoside phytoalexins in the Camellia sinensis plant[J]. Horticulture Research, 2023, 10(12): uhad222. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhad222.
[2] Wang L, Wang Y C, Cao H L, et al. Transcriptome analysis of an anthracnose-resistant tea plant cultivar reveals genes associated with resistance to Colletotrichum camelliae[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(2): e0148535. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148535.
[3] 韩雨欣. 白化茶树品种的代谢差异及其对茶炭疽菌的抗性研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2024: 10-64.
Han Y X.Metabolic differences of albino tea cultivars and their resistance to Colletotrichum camelliae[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2024: 10-64.
[4] Lü W Y, Xu Y J, Jiang H, et al. An NBS-LRR-encoding gene CsRPM1 confers resistance to the fungus Colletotrichum camelliae in tea plant[J]. Beverage Plant Research, 2023, 3: 13. https://doi.org/10.48130/BPR-2023-0013
[5] Zhang C Y, Li H L, Mei P, et al.QTL detection and candidate gene analysis of the anthracnose resistance locus in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(6): 2240-2250.
[6] 贡长怡, 刘姣姣, 邓强, 等. 茶树炭疽病病原菌鉴定及其致病性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(5): 1092-1101.
Gong C Y, Liu J J, Deng Q, et al.Identification and pathogenicity analysis of anthracnose pathogen in tea plant[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(5): 1092-1101.
[7] Jeyaraj A, Elango T, Chen X, et al.Advances in understanding the mechanism of resistance to anthracnose and induced defence response in tea plants[J]. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2023, 24(10): 1330-1346.
[8] 石媛, 王昆, 田家顺. 茶树炭疽病防治田间药效试验[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2023(4): 73-75. https://doi.org/10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2023.004.015.
Shi Y, Wang K, Tian J S.Field efficacy test for control of tea anthracnose[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2023(4): 73-75. https://doi.org/10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2023.004.015.
[9] 唐朝阳, 孔丽娅, 胡骞, 等. 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌YJK1鉴定及其对茶炭疽病的拮抗效果[J]. 茶叶科学, 2024, 44(3): 443-452.
Tang C Y, Kong L Y, Hu Q, et al.Identification of Bacillus velezensis YJK1 and its antagonistic effect on tea anthracnose[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2024, 44(3): 443-452.
[10] Peng X J, Wang Q C, Zhang S K, et al.Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia anthracnose in China[J]. Mycosphere, 2023, 14(2): 130-157.
[11] Tao L L, Zhu J Y, Hu J B, et al. Pangenome analyses of tea plants reveal structural variations driving gene expression alterations and agronomic trait diversification[J]. Nature Communications, 2026, 17: 372. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-67060-5.
[12] Xia E H, Tong W, Wu Q, et al. Tea plant genomics: achievements, challenges and perspectives[J]. Horticulture Research, 2020, 7(1): 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0225-4.
[13] Dean R, Van Kan J A L, Pretorius Z A, et al. The top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology[J]. Molecular Plant Pathology, 2012, 13(4): 414-430.
[14] Cannon P F, Damm U, Johnston P R, et al.Colletotrichum-current status and future directions[J]. Studies in Mycology, 2012, 73(1): 181-213.
[15] Von Arx J A. Die Arten der Gattung Colletotrichum Cda[J]. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 1957, 29(4): 413-468.
[16] Baxter A P, Van der Westhuizen G C A, Eicker A. Morphology and taxonomy of South African isolates of Colletotrichum[J]. South African Journal of Botany, 1983, 2(4): 259-289.
[17] 王玉春. 中国茶树炭疽菌系统发育学研究及茶树咖啡碱抗炭疽病的作用[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016: 17-43.
Wang Y C.Phylogenetic study of Colletotrichum from tea plants in China and the role of caffeine in resistance to anthracnose[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2016: 17-43.
[18] Lin S R, Yu S Y, Chang T D, et al. First report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola on tea in Taiwan[J]. Plant Disease, 2021, 105: 710. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1288-PDN.
[19] Yu L, Lan G B, Yang Y G, et al.First report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola on Brassica parachinensis in China[J]. Crop Protection, 2022, 154: 105842. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CROPRO.2021.105842.
[20] Fernández R L, Rivera M C, Varsallona B, et al.Disease prevalence and symptoms caused by Alternaria tenuissima and Pestalotiopsis guepinii on blueberry in Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires, Argentina[J]. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2015, 6(19): 3082-3090.
[21] 刘威. 茶树炭疽病的病原鉴定及其遗传多样性分析[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2013: 9-33.
Liu W.Pathogen identification and genetic diversity analysis of tea anthracnose[D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2013: 9-33.
[22] Lu Q H, Wang Y C, Li N N, et al.Differences in the characteristics and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum camelliae and C. fructicola isolated from the tea plant[Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] [J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018, 9: 3060. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03060.
[23] Liu F, Weir B S, Damm U, et al. Unravelling Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia: employing ApMat and GS loci to resolve species in the C. gloeosporioides complex[J]. Persoonia, 2015, 35: 63-86. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687597.
[24] 邵鑫. 茶炭疽病的发生及其防治[J]. 蚕桑茶叶通讯, 2001(1): 14.
Shao X.Occurrence and control of tea anthracnose[J]. Newsletter of Sericulture and Tea, 2001(1): 14.
[25] 邹雨伽, 杨柳, 张秀琼, 等. 基于GIS的茶叶生产适宜性区划研究——以旺苍县为例[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 43(3): 53-59.
Zou Y J, Yang L, Zhang X Q, et al.GIS-based suitability regionalization for tea production: a case study of Wangcang County[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 43(3): 53-59.
[26] 林德锋, 吴顺章, 黄大龙, 等. 漳州铁观音茶炭疽病发生规律及化学防治试验[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2012(8): 1169-1171.
Lin D F, Wu S Z, Huang D L, et al.Occurrence regularity and chemical control experiment of Tieguanyin tea anthracnose in Zhangzhou[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2012(8): 1169-1171.
[27] 唐美君, 郭华伟, 姚惠明, 等. 龙井茶区茶炭疽病的发生规律[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2019, 60(10): 1763-1765.
Tang M J, Guo H W, Yao H M, et al.Occurrence regularity of tea anthracnose in Longjing tea area[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 60(10): 1763-1765.
[28] 张新春, 彭元科, 王家保. 不同来源荔枝胶孢炭疽菌生物学特性研究[J]. 中国果树, 2015(3): 27-31.
Zhang X C, Peng Y K, Wang J B.Biological characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from different sources of Litchi[J]. China Fruits, 2015(3): 27-31.
[29] 刘芸芸, 丁一汇. 2020年超强梅雨特征及其成因分析[J]. 气象, 2020, 46(11): 1393-1404.
Liu Y Y, Ding Y H.Characteristics and causes of the 2020 super Meiyu[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2020, 46(11): 1393-1404.
[30] 潘蔚娟, 蒋承霖. 华南地区春雨进程的气候特点及其气候季节内振荡[J]. 热带气象学报, 2014, 30(1): 83-91.
Pan W J, Jiang C L.Climatic characteristics and intra-seasonal oscillation of spring rainfall process in South China[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2014, 30(1): 83-91.
[31] 汪孝科. 茶叶炭疽病的防治试验[J]. 农业与技术, 2014, 34(6): 130-131.
Wang X K.Control experiment of tea anthracnose[J]. Agriculture and Technology, 2014, 34(6): 130-131.
[32] 王兴娥, 马媛, 孙友慧, 等. 都匀市螺丝壳秋季茶园主要真菌病害调查及防治建议[J]. 农业与技术, 2024, 44(8): 14-17.
Wang X E, Ma Y, Sun Y H, et al.Investigation and control suggestions of main fungal diseases in autumn tea garden of Luosike, Duyun City[J]. Agriculture and Technology, 2024, 44(8): 14-17.
[33] 李志伟, 谭玉梅, 任锡毅, 等. 茶树炭疽病病原菌的绿色荧光蛋白基因标记及其侵染研究[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2020, 39(8): 3510-3518.
Li Z W, Tan Y M, Ren X Y, et al.GFP gene labeling and infection study of tea anthracnose pathogen[J]. Genomics and Applied Biology, 2020, 39(8): 3510-3518.
[34] Li M, Liu J, Zhou G.Histopathological and ultrastructural observations of Camellia oleifera infected with Colletotrichum fructicola[J]. Australasian Plant Pathology, 2021, 50(5): 523-531.
[35] Pandey A K, Sinniah G D, Babu A, et al.How the global tea industry copes with fungal diseases: challenges and opportunities[J]. Plant Disease, 2021, 105(7): 1868-1879.
[36] Lu Q H, Wang Y C, Xiong F, et al. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the effects of callose deposition and multihormone signal transduction pathways on the tea plant-Colletotrichum camelliae interaction[J]. Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 12858. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69729-x.
[37] Li Y X, Lin K Q, Wang A R, et al.Multi-omics analysis of molecular mechanisms driving the grafting-enhanced resistance of tea plants to Colletotrichum camelliae[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2025, 16: 1750493. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPLS.2025.1750493.
[38] Liu W, Guo X Y, Chen Q, et al.Brassinolide-induced resistance enhances antioxidant defense and metabolic pathways against anthracnose in Camellia sinensis ‘Fuding Dabaicha’[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2025, 349: 114258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114258.
[39] Qiao X Y, Zhang S H, He S N, et al.Urate oxidase treatment increases the quality of autumn yellowish ‘Yinghong 9’ black tea[J]. LWT, 2023, 184: 115092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115092.
[40] 黄镇雄, 吴家豪, 叶思潭, 等. 基于高光谱成像技术的茶树炭疽病早期诊断方法[J]. 农业工程学报, 2025, 41(23): 193-205.
Huang Z X, Wu J H, Ye S T, et al.Early diagnosis method of tea anthracnose based on hyperspectral imaging technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2025, 41(23): 193-205.
[41] Zrimec J, Correa S, Zagorščak M, et al. Evaluating plant growth-defense trade-offs by modeling the interaction between primary and secondary metabolism[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025, 122(32): e2502160122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2502160122.
[42] Xu L Y, Su J J, Zhang C K, et al. Identification of key genes associated with anthracnose resistance in Camellia sinensis[J]. PLoS One, 2025, 20(6): e0326325. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0326325.
[43] 张景贺, 张瑾, 孙晓玲, 等. 10种化学杀菌剂对茶树炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum camelliae)的室内毒力测定[J]. 中国茶叶, 2024, 46(8): 35-39.
Zhang J H, Zhang J, Sun X L, et al.Indoor toxicity determination of 10 chemical fungicides against tea anthracnose pathogen (Colletotrichum camelliae)[J]. China Tea, 2024, 46(8): 35-39.
[44] 石文波, 黄楚平, 陈宇航, 等. 纳米氢氧化铜对茶炭疽病菌的抑制活性及作用机制[J]. 农药学学报, 2024, 26(5): 962-973.
Shi W B, Huang C P, Chen Y H, et al.Inhibitory activity and mechanism of nano-copper hydroxide against tea anthracnose pathogen[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2024, 26(5): 962-973.
[45] 吴庆丽, 秦刚, 李慧, 等. 助剂激健与杀菌剂混用对3种茶树病害的防效[J]. 中国植保导刊, 2020, 40(8): 69-71, 77.
Wu Q L, Qin G, Li H, et al.Control efficacy of adjuvant Jijian mixed with fungicides on three tea diseases[J]. China Plant Protection, 2020, 40(8): 69-71, 77.
[46] Liu L, Guan H N, Jiao M M, et al. Identification of two antagonistic fungi and antifungal activity analysis against anthracnose in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)[J]. Beverage Plant Research, 2024, 4: e032. https://doi.org/10.48130/bpr-0024-0020.
[47] 刘辉, 冯月玲, 周罗娜, 等. 茶炭疽病拮抗木霉菌株的分离鉴定及其对茶炭疽病的拮抗作用[J]. 西南农业学报, 2025, 38(4): 757-768.
Liu H, Feng Y L, Zhou L N, et al.Isolation and identification of antagonistic Trichoderma strains against tea anthracnose and their antagonistic effects[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 38(4): 757-768.
[48] 尤佳琪, 杜然, 顾卫红, 等. 拟康宁木霉T-51菌株生物学特性及其生物防治潜力[J]. 植物保护学报, 2022, 49(3): 946-955.
You J Q, Du R, Gu W H, et al.Biological characteristics and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma koningiopsis T-51 strain[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2022, 49(3): 946-955.
[49] Cortez-Lázaro A A, Chavez-Castillo J I, Romero-Bozzetta J L, et al. From mechanisms to networks: a global bibliometric and functional synthesis of Trichoderma in plant disease management[J]. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2026, 26: 102706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102706.
[50] Chen Q X, Song Y J, An Y X, et al. Mechanisms and impact of rhizosphere microbial metabolites on crop health, traits, functional components: a comprehensive review[J]. Molecules, 2024, 29(24): 5922. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245922.
[51] Bardas G A, Lagopodi A L, Kadoglidou K, et al.Biological control of three Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races using Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 and Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365[J]. Biological Control, 2009, 49(2): 139-145.
[52] 宫安东, 韩萌真, 孔宪巍, 等. 茶树内生菌的应用性研究进展[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2017, 30(1): 168-172.
Gong A D, Han M Z, Kong X W, et al.Research progress on application of tea endophytes[J]. Journal of Xinyang Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 30(1): 168-172.
[53] 施云龙. 茶树抗炭疽病和抗冻机制及评价研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2020: 50-84.
Shi Y L.Study on resistance mechanism to anthracnose and freezing and evaluation in tea plant[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2020: 50-84.
[54] 孙春霞, 邵元海, 周红, 等. 茶树六种重要叶部病害研究进展[J]. 茶叶, 2020, 46(2): 71-76.
Sun C X, Shao Y H, Zhou H, et al.Research progress on six important leaf diseases of tea plant[J]. Journal of Tea, 2020, 46(2): 71-76.
[55] 刘荣, 周爽爽, 韦玲冬, 等. 茶炭疽病菌的生物学特性研究[J]. 福建茶叶, 2020, 42(11): 13-14.
Liu R, Zhou S S, Wei L D, et al.Study on biological characteristics of tea anthracnose pathogen[J]. Tea in Fujian, 2020, 42(11): 13-14.
[56] 唐美君, 郭华伟, 石碧鹏, 等. 新昌雪溪茶场茶炭疽病发生动态与绿色防控示范[J]. 中国茶叶, 2022, 44(12): 29-33.
Tang M J, Guo H W, Shi B P, et al.Occurrence dynamics and green control demonstration of tea anthracnose in Xinchang Xuexi Tea Farm[J]. China Tea, 2022, 44(12): 29-33.
[57] 向雪琴. 茶叶病虫害种类及其生态防控策略[J]. 贵茶, 2024(6): 21-24.
Xiang X Q.Types of tea diseases and pests and their ecological control strategies[J]. Guizhou Tea, 2024(6): 21-24.
[58] 周凌云, 李静, 王沅江. 茶炭疽病菌的分离、培养及PCR检测[J]. 福建茶叶, 2009, 31(3): 11-12.
Zhou L Y, Li J, Wang Y J.Isolation, culture and PCR detection of tea anthracnose pathogen[J]. Tea in Fujian, 2009, 31(3): 11-12.
[59] 谢宝林. 茶炭疽病的识别与防治[J]. 农技服务, 2007(2): 63.
Xie B L.Identification and control of tea anthracnose[J]. Agricultural Technology Service, 2007(2): 63.
[60] Takeda Y, et al. Breeding of the early budding cultivar ‘Saemidori’ and the late budding cultivar ‘Okumidori’[J]. Breeding Science, 2006, 8: 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbr.8.113.
[61] Han R, Mei H L, Huang Q W, et al. CsNAC17 enhances resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by interacting with CsbHLH62 in Camellia sinensis[J]. Horticulture Research, 2025, 12(2): uhae295. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae295.
[62] Li C Y, Wu F X, Yang L, et al. UGT74B5-mediated glucosylation at ortho hydroxyl groups of benzoic acid derivatives regulating plant immunity to anthracnose in tea plants[J]. Horticulture Research, 2025, 12(4): uhaf009. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf009.
[63] Tao Y N, Wang P K, Gong Y L, et al.A positive regulator CsPR10-9 confers resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is negatively regulated by CsMYB72 in tea plants[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2025, 48(9): 6965-6981.
[64] Jiang T, Li X, Song J M, et al. Long non-coding RNA Cslnc256 regulates tea plant resistance to anthracnose by suppressing CsmiR395-mediated sulfate metabolism[J]. The Plant Journal, 2026, 125(4): e70720. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70720.
[65] 梁俊杰, 王东霞. 基于改进EfficientNet-Lite适用于复杂背景下茶树病害识别轻量级移动模型[J]. 农业技术与装备, 2024(9): 23-25, 28.
Liang J J, Wang D X.Lightweight mobile model for tea disease recognition in complex background based on improved EfficientNet-Lite[J]. Agricultural Technology and Equipment, 2024(9): 23-25, 28.
[66] 宋军, 张佑丞, 徐锋, 等. 基于改进DETR模型的轻量化茶叶病虫害检测方法[J]. 实验室研究与探索, 2025, 44(8): 39-47, 54.
Song J, Zhang Y C, Xu F, et al.Lightweight tea pest and disease detection method based on improved DETR model[J]. Research and Exploration in Laboratory, 2025, 44(8): 39-47, 54.
[67] 王兴娥, 刘荣, 杨欣, 等. 茶炭疽病的研究进展[J]. 湖北植保, 2024(2): 13-17.
Wang X E, Liu R, Yang X, et al.Research progress on tea anthracnose[J]. Hubei Plant Protection, 2024(2): 13-17.
[68] 王玉春, 刘守安, 卢秦华, 等. 中国茶树炭疽菌属病害研究进展及展望[J]. 植物保护学报, 2019, 46(5): 954-963.
Wang Y C, Liu S A, Lu Q H, et al.Research progress and prospects of Colletotrichum diseases of tea plant in China[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2019, 46(5): 954-963.
[69] Fan K, Zhang J, Wang M, et al.Development and application of SNP-KASP markers based on genes related to nitrogen uptake, assimilation and allocation in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(10): 2534-2534.