综述

茶叶中生物碱类化学成分及其生物活性的研究进展

  • 汤海昆 ,
  • 张兰军 ,
  • 张盼盼 ,
  • 刘本英
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  • 云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所 云南省茶学重点实验室,云南 昆明 650205
汤海昆,男,助理研究员,主要从事茶叶加工与质检方面的研究。

收稿日期: 2025-03-14

  修回日期: 2025-07-04

  网络出版日期: 2025-10-17

基金资助

创新引导与科技型企业培育计划(202304BI090015)、云南省农业科学院人才引培项目(2024RCYP-01)、云南省科技计划项目基础研究专项(202501CF070035)

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Alkaloids in Tea

  • TANG Haikun ,
  • ZHANG Lanjun ,
  • ZHANG Panpan ,
  • LIU Benying
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  • Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Kunming 650205, China

Received date: 2025-03-14

  Revised date: 2025-07-04

  Online published: 2025-10-17

摘要

生物碱是一类具有化学多样性的含氮次级代谢产物,广泛分布于高等植物、真菌和细菌中。多数天然生物碱具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等生物活性。综述了茶叶中已鉴定的生物碱类群并简要分析其生物活性,包括嘌呤类生物碱通过拮抗腺苷受体调控神经兴奋作用、抑制磷酸二酯酶调控代谢功能及抗炎等生物活性,黄烷类生物碱预防糖尿病、抑制癌细胞血管生成等功效,异戊烯基吲哚类生物碱在抗炎、抑制癌细胞生长、保护神经细胞等方面的作用机制,并对未来茶叶生物碱的鉴定、合成及功能性评价体系构建作了展望。

本文引用格式

汤海昆 , 张兰军 , 张盼盼 , 刘本英 . 茶叶中生物碱类化学成分及其生物活性的研究进展[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025 , 45(5) : 727 -741 . DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.05.002

Abstract

Alkaloids, as a class of nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites characterized by remarkable chemical diversity, are widely distributed in higher plants, fungi, and bacteria. Most natural alkaloids possess biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. This review comprehensively summarized the identified alkaloid groups in tea and briefly analyzed their biological activities, including: (1) purine alkaloids, which regulate neural excitability by antagonizing adenosine receptors and inhibiting phosphodiesterase to regulate metabolic functions, exhibit anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. (2) flavor alkaloids have effects in preventing diabetes and inhibiting cancer cell angiogenesis. (3) the mechanisms by which prenylated indole alkaloids exert anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit cancer cell growth and exert neuro-protective effects. Finally, the future research directions focusing on the identification, appraisal, synthesis and functional evaluation systems of tea alkaloids were proposed.

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