长期化肥减施及有机肥替代对茶园土壤肥力及茶叶产量和品质的影响

戴翠婷; 雷雨; 刘红艳; 向芬; 李赛君; 李维

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.03.005

茶叶科学 >

2026 , Vol. 46 >Issue 3: 449 - 460

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.03.005

研究报告

长期化肥减施及有机肥替代对茶园土壤肥力及茶叶产量和品质的影响

戴翠婷 ,
雷雨 ,
刘红艳 ,
向芬 ,
李赛君 ,
李维

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1.湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所,湖南长沙 410125;
2.岳麓山实验室,湖南长沙 410128

戴翠婷,女,助理研究员,主要从事茶园生态栽培方面的研究。

^*hncyslsj01@hunaas.cn;hncyslw@hunaas.cn

收稿日期: 2025-11-27

修回日期: 2026-01-09

网络出版日期: 2026-06-16

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2022YFD1600801、2016YFD0200904）; 湖南省重点研发计划（2025JK2023）; 湖南省农业科技创新资金项目（2022CX32）

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The Effects of Long-Term Reduction in Chemical Fertilizer Application Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility, Tea Yield, and Quality in Tea Garden

DAI Cuiting ,
LEI Yu ,
LIU Hongyan ,
XIANG Fen ,
LI Saijun ,
LI Wei

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1. Hunan Tea Research Institute, Changsha 410125, China;
2. Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China

Received date: 2025-11-27

Revised date: 2026-01-09

Online published: 2026-06-16

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摘要

通过长期田间定位试验,系统研究了长期化肥减施及有机肥替代对茶园土壤肥力、春茶产量与品质的影响。试验设置4个处理,分别为不施肥（NF）、常规施肥（CF）、微生物肥替代（MF）和有机肥替代（OF）。结果表明,MF和OF处理的春茶产量与CF相当（无显著差异）,均维持较高水平。相较于CF,OF茶叶中游离氨基酸含量提高7.8%,MF茶叶中咖啡碱含量提高54.8%。土壤性质方面,MF和OF较CF土壤的有机质含量分别提高28.4%和45.5%,全氮含量分别提高11.1%和24.8%。OF促进了粒径>2 mm的大团聚体形成和团聚体平均质量直径的提升,显著改善土壤团聚体结构,两种替代处理均提高了团聚体中的碳氮含量并降低了粉黏粒比例（粒径<0.053 mm）。酶活性方面,MF对脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的促进效应最强,而OF显著提高了过氧化氢酶活性。主成分分析显示,OF土壤肥力指数最高（0.474）,其次为MF（0.225）。相关分析表明,土壤结构改善（如降低粉黏粒比例、增加粒径0.25~2 mm团聚体比例）、有机碳积累以及有效氮磷养分的提升,与春茶产量及茶叶品质（如游离氨基酸、咖啡碱含量）的正相关性最强,这些因素可能是协同提升茶叶产量和品质的关键土壤机制。研究为湖南茶园化肥减施替代与绿色生产提供了理论依据与实践参考。

关键词： 化肥减施; 茶园土壤肥力; 茶叶产量; 茶叶品质; 土壤团聚体

本文引用格式

戴翠婷 , 雷雨 , 刘红艳 , 向芬 , 李赛君 , 李维 . 长期化肥减施及有机肥替代对茶园土壤肥力及茶叶产量和品质的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2026 , 46(3) : 449 -460 . DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2026.03.005

Abstract

This study systematically investigated the effects of long-term reduction in chemical fertilizer application and organic fertilizer substitution on soil fertility, spring tea yield and quality in tea garden through long-term field positioning experiments. The experiment included four treatments: no fertilizer (NF), conventional fertilization (CF), microbial fertilizer substitution (MF), and organic fertilizer substitution (OF). The results show that the spring tea yields under MF and OF treatments maintained high yield levels, which had no significant differences to those under CF. In terms of quality, compared to CF, the OF treatment increased free amino acid content by 7.8%, while the MF treatment increased caffeine content by 54.8%. Regarding soil properties, MF and OF treatments increased organic matter by 28.4% and 45.5%, and total nitrogen by 11.1% and 24.8%, respectively, compared to CF. OF promoted the formation of large aggregates (>2 mm) and mean weight diameter, significantly improving soil aggregate structure. While both substitution treatments increased carbon and nitrogen contents in aggregates and reduced the silt-clay fraction (<0.053 mm). In terms of enzyme activity, MF had the strongest promoting effects on urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase activities, while OF significantly increased catalase activity. Principal component analysis shows that OF had the highest soil fertility index (0.474), followed by MF (0.225). Correlation analysis indicates that improvements in soil structure (e.g., reduced silt and clay proportion <0.053 mm and increased aggregate proportion of 0.25-2 mm), organic carbon accumulation, and enhancements in available nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients exhibited the strongest positive correlations with spring tea yield and tea quality (e.g., free amino acid and caffeine contents). These factors may represent key soil mechanisms that synergistically enhance tea yield and quality. This study provided theoretical basis and practical reference for chemical fertilizer reduction and substitution, as well as green production in Hunan tea garden.

Key words： reduction in chemical fertilizer application; soil fertility in tea garden; tea yield; tea quality; soil aggregates

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