以云南大叶种晒青茶为原料,接种产毒黄曲霉进行模拟普洱茶发酵试验,并在发酵结束时通过LC-MS/MS法对茶样进行黄曲霉毒素检测,研究普洱茶发酵过程中黄曲霉的生长及产毒情况。结果表明,在普洱茶发酵过程中,接种的黄曲霉能在茶叶中生长繁殖,初期生长较快,但随发酵时间的延长,黄曲霉在茶叶中的生长明显受到抑制,其数量逐渐下降。发酵终止时,未在茶样中检测出黄曲霉毒素。
For the purpose of studying the Aspergillus flavus growth and toxin production in Pu′er tea fermentation, the Yunnan large-leaves solar-drying green tea was used as the raw material to fermentate by inoculating toxigenic Aspergillus flavus fungus in Pu′er tea. Aflatoxin was tested by LC-MS/MS method at the end of tea samples fermentation. The results showed that during the tea fermentation, Aspergillus flavus growth was observed in the initial fermentation. However, with the extension of Pu′er tea fermentation time, Aspergillus flavus growth were inhibited in the late fermentation, the number decreased gradually, while the end of fermentation, the aflatoxin was not detected in tea samples.
[1] 蔡新, 张理珉, 杨善禧, 等. GB/T 22111—2008 地理标志产品普洱茶[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008: 2.
[2] 周红杰. 云南普洱茶[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2004: 114-124.
[3] 龚加顺, 周红杰. 云南普洱茶化学[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2011: 244-251.
[4] 周红杰, 龚加顺. 普洱茶与微生物[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2012: 183-197.
[5] Kurtzman C P, Horn B W, Hesseltine C W.Aspergillus nomius, a new aflatoxin-producing species related to Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamari[J]. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 1987, 53: 147-158.
[6] 苏志. 黄曲霉毒素的危害[J]. 食品安全, 2006(3): 44-45.
[7] 王长宇. 食品中黄曲霉毒素的处理措施[J]. 中国新技术新产品, 2010(5): 8.
[8] Joe W Dorner, Richard J Cole, Paul D.Blankenship. Effect of Inoculum Rate of Biological Control Agents on Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanuts[J]. Biological Control, 1998, 12: 171-176.
[9] Squire R L.Ranking animal carcinogens a proposed regulatory approach[J]. Scinece, 1981, 214: 877-889.
[10] Smith O S, Smith J S C, Bowen S L, et al. Similarities among a group of elite maize inbreds measured by pedigree[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 1990, 80: 833-840.
[11] 李培武, 马良, 杨金娥, 等. 粮油产品黄曲霉毒素B1检测技术研究进展[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2005, 27(2): 77-81.
[12] 李洪, 李爱军, 董红芬, 等. 黄曲霉毒素的发生危害与防控方法[J]. 玉米科学, 2004, 12: 88-90.
[13] 孙璐西. 普洱茶模拟渥堆试验接种黄曲菌之研究[A]//中国茶叶学会. 第三届海峡两岸茶叶学术研讨会论文集. 2003.
[14] 徐丹, 孙秀兰, 李永仙, 等. 黑曲霉对黄曲霉生长、产毒及黄曲霉毒素B1的影响[J]. 中国微生态学杂志, 2011, 23(6): 490-494.
[15] 陈建玲, 李文学, 杨光宇, 等. 广州某茶叶市场普洱茶中多种生物毒素污染现状调查[J]. 癌变.畸变.突变, 2011, 23(1): 68-71.
[16] GB/T 5009.23—2006 食品中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2检测方法[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006: 5-10.
[17] 于成广. UPLC-MS-MS法快速测定玉米中的黄曲霉毒素B1[J]. 化学分析计量, 2012, 21(2): 81-83.
[18] 周红杰, 李家华, 赵龙飞, 等. 渥堆过程中主要微生物对云南普洱茶品质形成的研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2004, 24(3): 212-218.