为探讨田间不同生产方式对茶园产量、茶叶品质及茶树对氮肥吸收利用的影响,采用微区15N示踪技术,研究了不同采摘标准（一芽一叶和一芽三叶）和氮肥施用水平（200、450 kg·hm-2）下茶树春季新梢产量、品质成分和15N氮素吸收利用等变化。结果表明,新梢产量主要受采摘标准影响,一芽三叶的产量是一芽一叶的1.8~2.1倍,氮肥用量对春季新梢产量影响不显著;采摘标准对氨基酸含量特别是对茶氨酸等品质成分的影响大于施氮水平,以N2水平（N 450 kg·hm-2）下采摘一芽一叶的含量最高;成熟叶含氮量从初冬到春茶结束呈下降趋势,说明叶片内氮素在春茶期间发生再利用,但其肥料氮占全氮的比例（Ndff）在增加,可能是氮素吸收和再利用的共同结果;供氮水平对新梢Ndff的影响大于采摘标准,而新梢采摘的氮携带量主要受产量影响,低氮条件下新梢15N回收率最高。本研究表明,采摘标准和施氮量对茶园产量、茶叶品质及茶树对15N氮素的吸收分配产生影响,但两个氮肥水平都能基本满足不同采摘标准下茶树对氮素的需求。
To explore nitrogen absorption and utilization by tea plant, micro-plot 15N labeling was carried out during 2012-2013 on a field experiment established in 2008 investigating interaction of plucking standards and N fertilization. Yield and quality related chemical compounds of spring tea shoots and 15N parameters (N uptake and N derived from fertilizer) were measured under two plucking standards (one bud with one expanding leaf and one bud with three expanding leaves) and two N fertilization levels (200 and 450 kg·hm-2). The results showed that spring tea yields were mainly affected by plucking standards, being 1.8 to 2.1 times larger for standard of one bud and three leaves than for that of one bud and one leaf. Nitrogen fertilization levels had no significant effects on tea yields. The effects of plucking standards on the concentrations of quality related compounds such as amino acid, and especially the theanine, were greater than those of N levels. The contents of free amino acids in one bud and one leaf of plants supplied with N at 450 kg·hm-2 were the highest among the four treatments. Nitrogen concentrations in mature leaves decreased while Ndff increased through the period from winter dormancy (sampled on 17 December) to the end of spring tea season (on 24 April), Ndff in the young shoots was affected by N levels much greater than by plucking standards through the spring tea season. The recovery rate of 15N in young shoots under low N level was the highest among the four treatments. The overall results indicated that N absorption was influenced by plucking standards and the N levels while N demand by plants subjected variable plucking standards was satisfied by the two N levels.
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