通过水培试验,研究比较了不同浓度（10~60 mg/L）的Cr3+、Cr6+胁迫对茶树叶片一些生理生化指标的影响。结果表明：随Cr3+、Cr6+胁迫浓度的增加,茶树受害程度加深,中毒症状明显;叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/b比值极显著降低,并对净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率及气孔导度产生显著负面影响。Cr3+胁迫下,SOD、POD、CAT活性随Cr3+浓度增加呈先升高后降低趋势;而Cr6+胁迫下,SOD、POD活性也出现先升后降趋势,但CAT活性则持续下降。丙二醛含量、细胞膜透性和脯氨酸含量也随Cr3+、Cr6+浓度增加显著增加,表明Cr3+、Cr6+胁迫对茶树细胞质膜系统及主要细胞器的结构与功能都具有较强的破坏作用,Cr6+的毒害作用强于Cr3+。
The toxic effects of different concentrations of Cr3+ and Cr6+ on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of tea plant were studied in Hoagland solution culture. The results indicated that: with the increasing of Cr3+, Cr6+ concentrations, the symptoms of tea plant became obviously; the contents of chlorophyll and the ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b reduced obviously, and there were obviously negative effects to net photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and stoma conductivity. Under the Cr3+ stress, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased at first and then decreased, under the Cr6+ stress, the activities of SOD and POD increased at first and then decreased too, but the activity of CAT decreased all the time. At the same time, the contents of MDA and proline (Pro), cytomembrane permeability increased obviously with the increasing of Cr3+, Cr6+ concentrations. Therefore, it highlighted that the Cr3+ and Cr6+ stresses could mangle the cytomembrane system, the structures and functions of the major organelles of tea plant, and the toxic effects of Cr6+ on tea plant was stronger than that of Cr3+.
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