采用AFLP标记对仅在云南南部及周边地区狭域分布的茶树近缘植物大理茶11个居群204个个体的遗传多样性进行了研究。分析结果表明：(1)大理茶遗传多样性水平低。在物种水平上,He=0.099,Ho=0.178;在居群水平上,He=0.083,Ho=0.137;(2)居群间的遗传分化较低。基于Nei’s遗传多样性分析得出的居群间遗传分化系数Gst=0.1606;Shannon’s居群分化系数为16.04%。AMOVA分析显示：大理茶的遗传变异主要存在于居群内,占总变异的80.97%,居群间的遗传变异占19.03%;(3)两两居群间的Nei’s遗传一致度(I)的范围为0.971~0.997。经Mantel检测,居群间的遗传距离和地理距离之间不存在显著的正相关关系(r=0.1127,P<0.001)。推测人类活动的干扰和生境的片断化是导致大理茶濒危现状的主要因素。基于观察到的居群遗传信息,建议采取就地保护和迁地保护的保护策略。
Camellia taliensis is a critically species endemic to southern Yunnan, China. We assessed the genetic variability within and among eleven populations of this species using AFLP marker. At species level: Nei’s (1973) gene diversity (He) was 0.099, and Shannon’s Information index (Ho) 0.178, at the population level: He=0.083, Ho =0.137. A low level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Gst =0.1606 (16.1%), Shannon’s diversity index (16.04%), and AMOVA (19.03%). Pairwise genetic identity (I) values among populations ranged from 0.971 to 0.997. There was no correlation between genetic and geographic distance among the populations studied. The influence of human activity and forest fragmentation may play a prominent role in creating this species’s current endangered status. Conservation strategies are suggested including in situ strategies and ex situ strategies based on the observed genetic information of population.
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