调查采集了我国130个茶园的土壤,用0.5mol/L的K2SO4提取法和实验室恒温培养法分别测定了土壤NO3--N含量和净硝化速率。结果表明,茶园土壤NO3--N含量在0~286.8mg/kg之间,平均为41.7mg/kg,40.8%的土样低于20mg/kg;土壤NO3--N浓度的高低主要取决于施氮量,与土壤净硝化速率相关性不显著,与pH呈二次方程关系：Y=738.0-289.9X+28.8X2（r2=0.2033,P<0.001）。土壤净硝化速率在-6.08~6.54mg/kg·d之间,平均为1.62mg/kg·d,变异系数高达119%;其中,10%的土壤净硝化速率低于零,表明这些土壤处于氮固定化状态中;土壤净硝化速率与施氮量呈显著正相关,与pH呈反函数方程关系：Y=10.14-33.96/X（r2=0.253,P<0.001）。文章对茶园土壤中NO3-积累、硝化作用与pH的关系等进行了讨论。
An investigation of NO3--N concentration and net nitrification rate in 130 tea soil samples was conducted. The net nitrification rate was measured by laboratory incubation method. The results showed that the NO3- -N concentration ranged from 0 to 286.8mg/kg with a mean of 41.7mg/kg. Among all the samples, 40.8% of the soils were less than 20mg/kg in NO3- -N concentration. Soil NO3- -N concentration had a significant relationship with N application rate, but no obvious relation with soil net nitrification rate. A quadratic equation Y=738.0-289.9X+28.8X2（r2=0.2033, P<0.001） was established between NO3--N concentration (Y) and pH (X). Soil net nitrification rate ranged from -6.08 to 6.54 with a mean of 1.62mg/kg·d, and coefficient of variation (CV) was as high as 119%. 10% of the soil samples were below 0 in net nitrification rate, indicating net immobilization of nitrate happened in these soils. Net nitrification rate was positively and significantly related with N application rate. And an inverse function Y=10.14-33.96/X（r2=0.253, P<0.001）was found between net nitrification rate (Y) and soil pH (X). Why nitrate accumulated in tea soils and relationship between nitrification and pH was discussed.
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