通过同时蒸馏萃取法（SDE）提取腊梅精油,采用GC、GC/MS分析方法研究了不同开发度的腊梅香气变化规律。结果发现,腊梅在释香过程中香气组分的数量和香气成分的含量均发生了变化,在腊梅花苞、初展、开放、盛放四个阶段,分别检测出26、37、43和49个香气组分。随着腊梅花开放度的增大,与未开放的花苞相比,其烷烃类物质含量依次增加了0.590、7.152、13.820倍,烯烃类增加了0.424、1.078、4.286倍,醇类增加了0.895、3.324、5.091倍,酯类增加了1.071、2.182、15.101倍,其中酮类物质在开放后期才出现,盛放阶段含量急剧升高,为开放阶段的12.3倍。感官审评结果表明,腊梅花蕾香气淡薄,且含有一定的青草气,初展时才释放出其特有的香气,且随着开放度的增大,香气浓度由低至高。感官审评结果与GC、GC/MS测定的香气成分含量的变化趋势基本一致。

The change of essential oil which extracted by SDE method was studied by the gas chromatography (GC), GC/MS and evaluation methods during Lamei [Chimonathus praecox (L.) Link] blooming. The number and content of fragrant components of essential oil were changed during aroma releasing. Results showed 26, 37, 43, 49 aromatic components in Lamei were identified by GC/MS data during the following four stages (bud, early spread, spread, blooming). In compared with the unbloomed bud, the content of alkyl compounds raised 0.590, 7.152 and 13.820 times and the alkenes compounds raised 0.424, 1.078 and 4.286 times, the alcohol compounds raised 0.895, 3.324 and 5.091 times and the ester compounds raised 1.071, 2.182 and 15.101 times, respectively with the increase of opening of Lamei flower. The ketone compounds were appeared only during the later period of blooming. The content of ketone were increased steadily during the full blooming period and was 12.3 times higher than that in spreading flowerperiod. Organoleptic evaluation showed that the Lamei buds expressed a low aroma and with green grass taste, and the specific aroma was only appeared during the flower-spreading period. It is characteized that the intensity of aroma was increased from low to high with the increasing of the flower opening. On the basis of above experiments results, the trend of fragrant components’ content by GC and GC/MS method and the results from organoleptic evaluation method were similar.