云南省分布着大量的古茶园,被认为是普洱茶的起源。澜沧县景迈古茶园是典型的栽培型古茶园,在古茶园区内大平掌处选择相邻的古茶园、台地茶园和天然林三种利用类型的土壤,进行了土壤养分和土壤酶活性的调查。结果表明：三种类型的土壤都呈明显的酸性,土壤pH在3.80~3.91,茶园土壤的酸度相对更低;三种类型的土壤主要养分含量和酶活性在表层0~20 cm都比下层20~40 cm高,但Mg、Al和K无明显的垂直分布;三者有机质含量都很高,有机质和氮的含量分布为台地茶园<古茶园<天然林,而磷含量为古茶园最高;土壤酶活性的差异与养分的差异不一致,不同的酶活性在三种土壤中的大小规律不一样;土壤pH与金属元素相关性显著,氮元素与其它养分相关性最强,养分与土壤酶活性有显著相关性,尤其是C、N、P和K等主要营养元素。
Ancient tea gardens in Yunnan Province are regarded as the provenance of Pu-erh Tea, and the ancient tea garden (ATG) in Jingmai, Lancang County is a typical example of cultivated ATGs. In order to investigate soil nutrients and enzyme activity, the ATG soil in Jingmai and its neighboring conventional tea garden (CTG) and forest soils were sampled. Soil pH, organic matter (OM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), alkaline hydrolyzed N (AN), available P (AP), available K (AK), Ca, Al, Mg, activity of acid phosphatase, catalase, urease and saccharase were analyzed. The results showed that (1) All the soils were acid and at a pH of 3.80~3.91, and pH in tea garden soils was lower than in forest soil. (2), The OM, N, P and soil enzyme activity were rich in top soil (0~20 cm) and poor under 20 cm in different soil layers, while K, Mg and Al showed no obvious difference in different layers. (3) OM was rich in all soils, and the contents of OM, TN and AN were CTG < ATG < forest, while TP and AP were richest in ATG. (4) Enzyme activity showed different distribution patterns in the three soils. (5) Soil pH correlated with metal elements, N existed the most significant correlation with other nutrients, and soil nutrients did certain correlation with soil enzymes, especially N, C, P, K.
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