2002年7月’2003年7月,每1’2星期1次,对皖南麻姑山区25年生有机茶园、无公害茶园和普通茶园茶丛、茶丛上空及地表的昆虫和螨类进行了系统的调查。查得普通茶园29018个体,分属于79种41科;无公害茶园35117个体,分属于81种41科;有机茶园12727个体,分属于102种57科。查得有机茶园、无公害茶园和普通茶园中,假眼小绿叶蝉个体数及其占总个体数百分率分别为5176个和40%、14049和40%、17590和60%。蜂类、步甲类、虎甲类、瓢虫类和隐翅甲类是茶园主要天敌昆虫,这几类天敌的种数和个体数在有机茶园、无公害茶园和普通茶园中分别是40种和2620个、33种和1898个、29种和1610个。三类茶园中,3~4月、9~10月物种数较多,11月下旬~1月上中旬种数较少;4’6月个体数较大,7’8月天气炎热、个体数减少,9~10月个体数又增多较大,12月~次年1月个体数较少。普通茶园个体数波动大;无公害茶园个体数最多,由于及时监测和防治,可控制虫害大发生。有机茶园个体数最少而物种数最多。研究认为有机茶园建在山林间,植物相繁盛,生物多样性大,群落的能流路径复杂,稳定性强,涵养了自然控制潜能。

From July 2002 to July 2003, a survey on the species richness and abundance of insects and mites in the tea plant, the aerial space above the tea plant and on the ground from organic, non-pollution and common tea gardens were conducted in Magushan Mountains in the Southern Anhui Province. In total, 29018 individuals of 79 species from 41 families were recorded from a common tea garden, 35117 individuals of 81 species from 41 families were recorded from a non-pollution tea garden, and 12727 individuals of 102 species from 57 families were recorded from an organic tea garden. The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis, abundance and its percentage accounted for the total abundance in organic, non-pollution and common tea garden were 5176 and 40%, 14049 and 40% as well as 17590 and 60%, respectively. Wasps, ground beetles, tiger beetles, rove beetles and ladybugs are the major natural enemies in tea gardens, whose species richness and abundance in organic, non-pollution and common tea garden were 40 and 2620, 33 and 1898 as well as 29 and 1610, respectively. In all the three types of tea gardens, species richness was higher from March to April and from September to October, and was lower from late November to middle January. Insect and mite abundance was high from April to June and from September to October, and was lower from July to August due to the warm weather as well as from December to January due to the cold weather. The abundance in the common tea garden fluctuated more than in other two types of tea gardens. Though the Insect and mite abundance was highest in the non-pollution tea garden, the pests did not cause serious damage because of the appropriate forecast and control. In the organic tea garden, the abundance was the lowest, while the species richness was the highest, and the energy paths were complicated and the community may be stable. At the present stage, most of the organic tea gardens in China are established among the mountains where vegetation is flourishing and biodiversity is high, such ecosystems may enhance natural control.