广东单丛茶区化肥减施增效技术模式研究

周波; 陈勤; 陈汉林; 唐颢; 黎健龙; 陈佳琳; 陈义勇; 刘嘉裕; 唐劲驰

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.005

茶叶科学 >

2020 , Vol. 40 >Issue 5: 607 - 616

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.005

研究报告

广东单丛茶区化肥减施增效技术模式研究

周波 ,
陈勤 ,
陈汉林 ,
唐颢 ,
黎健龙 ,
陈佳琳 ,
陈义勇 ,
刘嘉裕 ,
唐劲驰

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1.广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所/广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室,广东广州 510640;
2.潮州市茶叶科学研究中心,广东潮州 521000

周波,男,博士,副研究员,主要从事茶树营养与生态栽培研究。

收稿日期: 2020-04-10

修回日期: 2020-06-10

网络出版日期: 2020-10-10

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200900）、广东省重点领域研发计划（2019B020214003）、“十三五”广东省农业科学院学科团队建设项目

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Technical Approach of Saving and Improving Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers in Dancong Tea Area of Guangdong

ZHOU Bo ,
CHEN Qin ,
CHEN Hanlin ,
TANG Hao ,
LI Jianlong ,
CHEN Jialin ,
CHEN Yiyong ,
LIU Jiayu ,
TANG Jinchi

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1. Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China;
2. Chaozhou Tea Science Research Center, Chaozhou 521000, China

Received date: 2020-04-10

Revised date: 2020-06-10

Online published: 2020-10-10

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摘要

通过田间试验,研究了控释肥、配方肥、有机替代和蚯蚓生物培肥4种化肥减施增效复合技术模式对广东单丛茶区茶园土壤肥力、茶叶产量和品质的影响,并比较了不同模式的肥料农学效率和综合经济效益。结果表明,4种技术模式可减少化肥养分投入量20%~30%（总养分投入量减少17%~0）,产量增加4.9%~12.3%,且品质均有不同程度提升,年经济效益每公顷增加1.51~3.26万元。其中,控释肥模式的肥料农学效率和综合经济效益最高,分别比习惯施肥增加58.0%和10.9%;有机替代模式品质提升最显著,氨基酸增加10.2%,可溶性糖增加9.6%,酚氨比下降13.4%。控释肥和有机替代两种化肥减施增效技术模式在广东单丛茶区具有较好的应用前景。

关键词： 单丛茶; 化肥减施增效; 品质成分; 肥料农学效率; 经济效益

本文引用格式

周波 , 陈勤 , 陈汉林 , 唐颢 , 黎健龙 , 陈佳琳 , 陈义勇 , 刘嘉裕 , 唐劲驰 . 广东单丛茶区化肥减施增效技术模式研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2020 , 40(5) : 607 -616 . DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.05.005

Abstract

The study of four technical modes of saving and improving efficiency of chemical fertilizers were carried out through field trials. Soil fertility, tea yield and quality were investigated. After that, the fertilizer agronomic efficiency and comprehensive economic benefits were compared and analyzed. The results show that, the four technical approaches could reduce chemical fertilizer input by 20%-30% (reduce total nutrient input by 17%-0) without reducing fresh tea leaves yield. Tea qualities were slightly improved and the annual economic benefits were increased by 15.1-32.6 thousand CNY. Among four technical modes, the controlled-release fertilizer model had the highest agronomic efficiency and comprehensive economic benefits, increasing by 58.0% and 10.9% respectively compared to the control. The organic substitution model had the most significant quality improvement, with an increase of 10.2% in amino acids, 9.6% in soluble sugars, and a decrease of 13.4% in phenol-ammonia ratio. In summary, the two technical approach models of controlled release fertilizer and organic substitution in this study had good adaptabilities in Dancong tea area of Guangdong, and could be promoted and applied.

Key words： Dancong tea; saving and improving efficiency of chemical fertilizers; tea quality components; fertilizer agronomic efficiency; economic benefit

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