为明确不同品种茶树的物质、养分积累及分配特性,本研究以10龄的龙井43、薮北和奥绿茶树为研究对象,考察了3个品种茶树的生物量以及养分量在地上部留存、新梢采摘、修剪和凋落物中的分配。结果表明,地上部留存的生物量以及新梢产量均为龙井43>薮北>奥绿;而修剪物的生物量则呈相反的趋势;凋落物的生物量未在品种间表现出明显差异。5种主要养分元素在3个品种间均表现为叶片含量高于树茎;但在新梢、修剪物和凋落物中的分配则与品种相关。地上部留存部分的养分累积量为龙井43>薮北>奥绿,而通过采摘、修剪与凋落物形式移出的养分总量表现为奥绿>龙井43>薮北;其中龙井43新梢养分累积量占地上部移出总量的比例最高（63.7%~85.0%）,薮北为37.4%~60.2%;修剪是奥绿转移物质和养分的主要形式,其养分累积量占地上部总移出量的66.6%~91.2%。本研究结果有利于根据品种优势和茶园生产模式制定针对性的养分管理措施,为优化茶园施肥、提高养分利用效率提供依据。
关键词：
品种; 生物量; 养分; 新梢; 修剪; 凋落物
In order to clarify the characteristics of biomass accumulation and nutrient distribution of different tea cultivars, the 10-year-old tea gardens of Longjing 43, Yabukita and Kyomidori cultivars were selected, and the biomass and nutrient distribution among aboveground remain, young shoots, pruning and litters were investigated. The results show that Longjing 43 had a larger biomass of aboveground remain and young shoots, followed by Yabukita and Kyomidori. The biomass of the pruning shows an opposite trend, but there was no significant difference among the cultivars. The five main nutrient concentrations in leaves were higher than those in stem. However, their distributions in young shoots, pruning and litters were related to the cultivars. The nutrient accumulation in aboveground remain of Longjing43 was the highest, followed by Yabukita and Kyomidori. While, the total nutrient removed by young shoots, pruning and litters were Kyomidori>Longjing 43>Yabukita. Among them, the nutrient accumulation in young shoots of Longjing43 accounted for 63.7%-85.0% of the total aboveground remain, which was 37.4%-60.2% for Yabukita. Pruning was the chief form of substances and nutrients transformation in Kyomidori, so the nutrient accumulation of pruning accounted for 66.6%-91.2% of the total aboveground remain. This study is beneficial to formulate targeted nutrient management strategies according to cultivars advantages and tea garden production mode. It is also providing a basis for optimizing the fertilization and improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization.
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