有机管理模式对茶园土壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响

王峰; 陈玉真; 吴志丹; 尤志明; 余文权; 俞晓敏; 杨贞标

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.008

茶叶科学 >

2022 , Vol. 42 >Issue 5: 672 - 688

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.008

研究报告

有机管理模式对茶园土壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响

王峰 ,
陈玉真 ,
吴志丹 ,
尤志明 ,
余文权 ,
俞晓敏 ,
杨贞标

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1.福建农林大学园艺学院,福建福州 350002;
2.福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福州 350012;
3.福建农林大学海峡联合研究院园艺植物生物学及代谢组学研究中心,福建福州 350002;
4.福建省农业科学院,福建福州 350013;
5.美国加利福利亚大学河滨分校,加利福尼亚州河滨 92506

王峰,男,副研究员,主要研究方向为茶树栽培与环境生态,82458lin@163.com。

收稿日期: 2022-02-28

修回日期: 2022-05-06

网络出版日期: 2022-10-28

基金资助

福建省自然科学基金项目（2021J01489）、国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0200903）、福建省科技厅公益类科研专项（2020R1029001、2021R1029002）、农业科技创新联盟专项（CXLM202202）

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Effects of Organic Management Mode on Soil Fungal Community Structure and Functions in Tea Gardens

WANG Feng ,
CHEN Yuzhen ,
WU Zhidan ,
YOU Zhiming ,
YU Wenquan ,
YU Xiaomin ,
YANG Zhenbiao

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1. College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
2. Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China;
3. FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
4. Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
5. Institute of Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92506, USA

Received date: 2022-02-28

Revised date: 2022-05-06

Online published: 2022-10-28

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摘要

以两种不同管理方式（常规和有机种植）和3个坡位（上、中、下坡位）表层土壤（0~20 cm）为研究对象,通过野外调查、高通量测序、功能预测结合分子生态网络分析,研究管理方式和坡位对土壤真菌群落结构、功能特征和共发生网络的影响。研究结果表明,管理方式和坡位对土壤真菌α多样性指数影响不显著,且不存在交互作用。在门水平,管理方式及不同坡位样地的优势真菌均为子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢霉门,管理方式没有改变土壤优势真菌的种类,但影响其相对丰度。主坐标分析（PCoA）显示,管理模式导致茶园土壤真菌群落组成发生明显改变,常规管理方式下不同坡位之间的土壤真菌群落结构有显著差异（P<0.05）,而有机种植下不同坡位之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。组间群落差异分析（LEfSe）表明,37个差异物种对管理方式非常敏感,不同管理方式富集了不同的真菌类群。共现性网络分析发现,有机茶园土壤真菌网络节点数、平均聚类系数、边数、网络中心性和网络密度均明显高于常规茶园,说明其生态网络结构更为复杂。不同处理茶园土壤真菌以腐生营养型为主（66.67%~70.18%）,有机茶园土壤中内生-垃圾腐生-土壤腐生-未定义腐生真菌、木材腐生真菌和动物病原-内生-植物病原-未定义腐生真菌的丰度显著高于常规茶园,而未定义腐生真菌、植物病原真菌和动物病原-植物病原-未定义腐生真菌的丰度则显著降低。相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明,土壤全磷、有效磷、全钾、有机质、阳离子交换量和pH值是影响茶园土壤真菌群落结构的主要因子。综上所述,有机管理方式对茶园土壤真菌群落结构产生显著影响,提高了土壤有益真菌的数量（被孢霉属）,增强了土壤真菌网络稳定性和抗干扰能力,降低了病原真菌的丰度（如拟盘多毛孢属和假拟盘多毛孢属等）,具有良好的生态环境效应。

关键词： 管理方式; 坡位; 真菌群落结构; 共现性网络分析; FUNGuild功能预测

本文引用格式

王峰 , 陈玉真 , 吴志丹 , 尤志明 , 余文权 , 俞晓敏 , 杨贞标 . 有机管理模式对茶园土壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2022 , 42(5) : 672 -688 . DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2022.05.008

Abstract

To study the soil fungal community compositions and functional groups under different management practices and slope positions, soil samples derived from the topsoil (0-20 cm) were collected from the upper, middle, and lower slope positions of conventional and organic tea gardens. High-throughput sequencing, functional predictions and the molecular ecological network analysis were performed to investigate the community structures, functional groups and ecological network of soil fungi, respectively. The two-way ANOVA including management practices and slope positions showed that the two-way interaction had no effect on the soil fungal community α-diversity. Regardless of the management practices and the slope positions, the predominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Management practices did not change the compositions of dominant fungal species, but affected their relative abundance. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) shows that the soil fungal community structures differed significantly among different management practices. The community structures of soil fungi at different slope positions were noticeably different under the conventional planting pattern (P<0.05), but were similar under the organic planting pattern (P>0.05). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis shows that 37 biomarkers were very sensitive to the changes in the management, with different management practices enriching for different fungal populations. The numbers of degree, clustering, edges, degree centrality and closeness centrality of the fungal interaction network under the organic planting pattern were all higher than those under the conventional planting pattern, indicating that the fungal networks were more complex in the organic tea garden. Saprotrophic fungi were the dominant fungal group across all tea gardens (66.67%~70.18%). The effects of the management practices on soil fungal functions were obvious. Compared to those under the conventional planting pattern, the average abundance of endophyte-litter saprotroph-soil saprotroph, wood saprotroph and animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph significantly increased, but the average abundance of undefined saprotroph, plant pathogen and animal pathogen-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph remarkably decreased. The spearman correlation analysis and the redundancy analysis (RDA) show that soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and pH were the main factors affecting the abundance and diversity of the soil fungal community. Organic planting drastically changes the structure and the compositions of the soil fungal community, enhances fungal network complexity and stability, and thus is beneficial to maintain the sustainable ecosystem in tea garden soil.

Key words： management practices; slope position; fungal community structure; collinear network analysis; FUNGuild functional prediction

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