To investigate the effect of Jiukeng Longjing tea water extract (LJT) on liver steatosis and the regulation of gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diet, a non-alcoholic fatty liver model was established in mice induced by a high-fat diet, and LJT (300 mg·kg-1) was gavaged for intervention. The body weight of mice was recorded regularly, and serum biochemical indicators such as AST, ALT, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and glucose tolerance levels were measured. The characteristics of HE staining and oil red O staining liver tissue sections were observed and analyzed. Real-time qPCR technology was used to detect the expressions of seven genes including SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, ACC-1, SREBP-2, HMGCR, and PPARγ in mouse liver tissues. The relative expressions of proteins related to lipid metabolism were studied by western blot. At the same time, the gut microbiota of mice was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing (16 S rDNA) and its structure was analyzed. The results show that the body weight, blood glucose AUC, serum TG, TC, LDL-C, and liver TG, TC levels significantly decreased under LJT intervention. Western blot shows that LJT intervention reduced the expressions of SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC-1, SCD-1, and PPARγ in liver tissue of mice. LJT also significantly downregulated the relative expressions of SREBP-1c, SCD-1, FAS, ACC-1, SREBP-2, HMGCR and PPARγ in liver tissue. The 16 S rDNA detection reveals that the levels of gut microbiota were mainly classified into four categories: Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, and Actinobaciota. LJT could effectively alleviate the trend of increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota caused by high-fat diet, and increase the species abundance of gut microbiota. Therefore, LJT could interfere with the signal expression of SREBPs pathway in mouse liver steatosis, and improve the disturbance of gut microbiota in mice, thereby achieve the effect of reducing fat and weight loss.
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