茶园根际解磷菌的筛选及其对茶叶产量、品质及土壤性质的影响

马雪晴; 吴华伟; 曹春霞; 郑娇莉

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.001

茶叶科学 >

2025 , Vol. 45 >Issue 1: 110 - 120

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.001

研究报告

茶园根际解磷菌的筛选及其对茶叶产量、品质及土壤性质的影响

马雪晴 ,
吴华伟 ,
曹春霞 ,
郑娇莉

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1.长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州 434023;
2.湖北省生物农药工程研究中心,湖北武汉 430064

马雪晴,女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤微生物方面研究,mxq20222022@163.com。

收稿日期: 2024-09-04

修回日期: 2024-11-05

网络出版日期: 2025-03-03

基金资助

湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项（2022BGE250）、湖北省重点研发计划项目（2023BBB148）

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Screening of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Tea Gardens and Their Effects on Tea Yield, Quality and Soil Properties

MA Xueqing ,
WU Huawei ,
CAO Chunxia ,
ZHENG Jiaoli

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1. College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China;
2. Hubei Biological Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Wuhan 430064, China

Received date: 2024-09-04

Revised date: 2024-11-05

Online published: 2025-03-03

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摘要

为了从茶园根际筛选具有产吲哚乙酸（IAA）能力的解磷菌,从湖北省英山县和恩施土家族苗族自治州茶园采集根际土壤,通过平板透明圈法筛选解磷菌,以解磷活性及产IAA能力为指标进行复筛,通过形态特征及16 S rDNA序列分析等方法对菌株进行鉴定并研究其促生特性。通过大田试验研究菌株对茶叶产量、品质及土壤性质等指标的影响。结果表明,从茶树根际土壤中筛选出的解磷菌DFP-24具有较好的产IAA能力,经鉴定为森林伯克霍尔德氏菌（Burkholderia arboris）,同时菌株具有产铁载体、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）脱氨酶和固氮等促生特性。大田试验表明,施加DFP-24菌株可提高茶芽密度,显著提高茶叶全磷含量,增加茶叶游离氨基酸含量,降低酚氨比,影响茶叶品质,同时还能改善土壤性质。综上所述,菌株DFP-24具有开发微生物菌肥的应用潜力,研究结果可为茶树专用根际促生菌肥的开发和应用提供菌种资源和理论依据。

关键词： 解磷菌; 茶叶品质; 促生作用; 肥效

本文引用格式

马雪晴 , 吴华伟 , 曹春霞 , 郑娇莉 . 茶园根际解磷菌的筛选及其对茶叶产量、品质及土壤性质的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2025 , 45(1) : 110 -120 . DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2025.01.001

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to screen phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with the ability to produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) from the rhizosphere of tea gardens. The rhizosphere soil was collected from Yingshan Couty and Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture tea gardens in Hubei Province, and the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were screened by plate transparent circle method. The phosphate-solubilizing and IAA-producing abilities were used as indicators for re-screening. The strains were identified by morphological characteristics and 16 S rDNA sequence analysis, and their growth-promoting characteristics were studied. The effects of strains on tea yield, quality and soil properties were studied by field experiments. The results show that the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium DFP-24 screened from the rhizosphere soil of tea plants had good IAA-producing ability and was identified as Burkholderia arboris. At the same time, the strain had the growth-promoting characteristics such as siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase production and nitrogen fixation ability. Field experiments show that the application of DFP-24 strain could increase the density of tea buds, significantly increase the total phosphorus content of tea, increase the free amino acid content of tea, reduce the ratio of phenol to ammonia, affect the quality of tea, and improve the soil properties. In summary, the strain DFP-24 has the application potential to develop microbial fertilizers. The research results could provide strain resources and theoretical basis for the development and application of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterial fertilizer for tea plants.

Key words： phosphate-solubilizing bacteria; tea quality; growth-promoting effect; fertilizer efficiency

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