通过连续4年（2009~2012）田间定位试验,研究配施不同比例生物基质肥料（养猪场发酵床垫料）对茶园土壤酸度的影响,探讨生物基质肥料降低茶园土壤酸度机制。试验设置生物基质肥料替代化肥比例的5个处理：0（CK）、25%、50%、75%和100%。结果表明：与CK相比,配施生物基质肥料处理的0~20βcm土层土壤有机碳含量提高3.00%~22.74%,pH值提高0.22~0.72个单位,土壤交换性酸降低16.01%~73.64%,盐基离子总量增加39.29%~248.21%,盐基饱和度提高43.90%~254.21%;20~40βcm土层土壤有机碳含量提高0.99%~11.48%,pH值提高0.14~0.59个单位,土壤交换性酸降低8.75%~32.15%,盐基离子总量增加46.03%~301.59%,盐基饱和度提高51.79%~252.95%。配施生物基质肥料处理能有效降低茶园土壤酸度,改良效果随着生物基质肥料施用比例的提高而增大。配施生物基质肥料能提高酸化土壤的盐基离子浓度和盐基饱和度,降低土壤交换性酸含量是生物基质肥料改良茶园土壤酸度的重要原因。
A field experiment, with five treatments of application of biological manure fertilizer mixed with chemical fertilizers of different percentages: 0%（CK）, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively, was successively conducted from 2009-2012 to investigate the effects of application of the biological manure fertilizer (swine litter in the microbial fermentation bed) on ameliorating acidity of tea garden soil. Results showed that, compared with CK, the soil organic carbon, soil pH, the total amount of base cations, and the base saturation percentage increased by 3.00%-22.74%, 0.22-0.72 unit, 39.29%-248.21% and 43.90%-254.21% in biological manure fertilizer treatments, respectively, while the soil exchangeable acid decreased by 16.01%-73.64% on the 0-20βcm layer of the soils. Meanwhile, the soil organic carbon, soil pH, the total amount of base cations, and the base saturation percentage increased by 0.99%-11.48%, 0.14-0.59 unit, 46.03%-301.59%, and 51.79%-252.95%, respectively in biological manure fertilizer treatments, while the soil exchangeable acid decreased by 8.75%-32.15% on the 20-40βcm layer of the soils. It is concluded that biological manure application could effectively decrease acidity of tea garden soil. Moreover the effects increased with the higher biological manure fertilizer application rate. The reason of biological manure fertilizer application in ameliorating acidity of tea garden soil was that its application could increase the total base cations and the base saturation percentage of acid soil as well as simultaneously decreased the soil exchangeable acid.
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