通过田间试验,研究了控释氮肥对茶园土壤无机氮含量、茶叶产量、品质成分、氮素利用效率和茶叶中氮磷等主要矿质元素吸收的影响,比较了不同施肥方式对经济效益的影响。结果表明,不同氮肥处理间土壤无机氮含量无显著差异,但控释肥处理土壤中无机氮变化幅度较小,而且比较稳定。与普通氮肥相比,控释氮肥单施或与普通氮肥配施,茶叶产量分别提高7.5%和15.2%。施控释氮肥对茶叶游离氨基酸总量、茶多酚含量、酚氨比值不会产生明显的影响。控释氮肥能促进茶树对氮、磷等主要矿质元素的吸收,提高茶树新梢氮素利用率,其中新梢氮素利用效率（NUE）,控释氮肥和普通氮肥配施比普通氮肥高5.38个百分点,比单施控释氮肥高2.39个百分点,新梢氮素偏生产率（PNE）,控释氮肥和普通氮肥配施比普通氮肥处理高1.16βkg·kg-1,比单施控释氮肥高0.57βkg·kg-1。与普通氮肥相比,单施控释氮肥每年每公顷增加纯收入0.93万元,控释氮肥和普通氮肥配施增加纯收入2.01万元。本研究结果表明,控释氮肥与普通氮肥配施增产、增效明显。
The study was carried out to investigate the effects of different N fertilization input on soil inorganic N, tea yield, quality components, N use efficiency, uptake of N, P, and other mineral nutrients and financial economic benefit. Results indicated that soil inorganic N concentration varied less and relatively more stable in controlled-release N fertilizer (CRF) or CRF blending with conventional N fertilizer (CF) than CF, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) among three N treatments. In comparison with CF, tea yields in CRF and CRF blending with CF were increased by 7.5% and 15.2%, respectively. The tea quality components, including free amino acid, tea polyphenol and the TP/AA ratio showed no statistical difference (P>0.05) among three N treatments. CRF or CRF blending with CF promoted tea plants to uptake N, P and other mineral nutrients, and improved N use efficiency in young shoots. Comparing CF and CRF, the NUE increment rates in CRF blending with CF were 5.38% and 2.39%, respectively. The PNE in CRF blending with CF was 1.16 kg·kg-1 higher than CF, and 0.57 kg·kg-1 higher than CRF. Compared to CF, the total net income increment in CRF and CRF blending with CF were 9.3 thousand yuan RMB and 20.1 thousand yuan RMB per hectare, respectively. It was concluded that CRF blending with CF has significant promoting effect on tea yields and economic benefit.
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