土壤是茶树生存的基本条件,它与茶树生长发育和茶叶品质形成关系十分密切。以现代茶园（或小茶林）土壤和茶叶为对照,对云南景迈山、布朗山和南糯山古茶园土壤（0~20βcm）的pH值、阳离子交换量（CEC）、有机质（SOM）、氮磷钾（NPK）养分和一芽二叶晒青绿茶的水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱及7种多酚类单体含量进行了测定分析。结果表明,古茶园土壤含水率与现代茶园相比提高了15.23%~46.82%,布朗山和南糯山古茶园的土壤pH值高于现代茶园（或小茶林）,古茶园土壤的CEC、SOM、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和有效磷（Olsen-P）含量均显著高于现代茶园（或小茶林）;各茶山古茶园和现代台地茶园（或小茶林）茶叶的水浸出物、氨基酸、茶多酚及多酚类单体物质含量虽然不一致,但古茶树茶叶酚氨比为6.75~12.28,明显低于现代茶园茶叶的9.98~15.25;各茶园茶叶中5种儿茶素含量的高低依次为：ECG>EGCG>EC>EGC>C,并且古茶园和现代茶园（或小茶林）茶叶的ECG和EGCG含量差异不显著;此外,仅在古茶树茶叶中检测到没食子酸（GA）。古茶园栽培模式有利于防止茶园土壤酸化、降低茶园光照强度、提高茶园土壤含水率、促进茶园土壤肥力的可持续利用,有利于茶叶高氨基酸含量和低酚氨比的形成。
Soil is the basic survival condition of the tea plant, so it was very closely related to the growth and development of tea plant and tea quality. The representative ancient tea arboretum and modern tea garden were selected in Jingmai, Bulang and Nannuo ancient tea mountain of Yunnan Province. The pH value, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), and nutrients content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) in tea garden soils (0-20βcm) and the tea main quality component of sundried green teas which were manufactured by a bud and two leaves (water extraction, tea polyphenols, amino acid, caffeine and polyphenols monomer content) were determined from the soil and tea samples and those from the modern tea garden (or young tea tree/forest) were used as control. The results showed that the soil moisture content increased by 15.23%~46.82% in ancient tea garden under forests shade in comparing with that from modern tea garden. The soil pH value in the ancient tea garden was higher than that of modern tea garden (or young tea tree/forest) in Bulang mountains and Nannuo mountain. The soil CEC, SOM, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (Olsen-P) contents of ancient tea garden were significantly higher than those of modern tea garden (or young tea tree/forest). All though the contents of tea water extract, amino acid, tea polyphenol and polyphenols monomer substance in all tea gardens were not consistent, however, the ratio of polyphenol to amino acid of ancient tea plants planted under forests range was 6.75 to 12.28 significantly lower than those of the modern tea garden (from 9.98 to 15.25). The changes of five kinds of catechins content were in the order: Epicatechin gallate (ECG) > Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) > Epicatechin (EC) > Epigallocatechin (EGC) > Catechin (C), and the ECG and EGCG contents were not significant differed between ancient tea garden and modern tea garden (or young tea tree/forest). Moreover, tea gallic acid (GA) was detected only in the ancient tea plants. The cultivation pattern in ancient tea garden was beneficial to prevent the soil acidification, to reduce the illumination intensity, to improve the soil moisture content, and to promote the sustainable utilization soil fertility in tea garden, and it is advantageous to tea plant in forming high amino acid content and low ratio of polyphenol to amino acid.
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