生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率的影响

王峰; 吴志丹; 陈玉真; 江福英; 朱留刚; 张文锦; 翁伯琦; 尤志明

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.001

茶叶科学 >

2018 , Vol. 38 >Issue 4: 331 - 341

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.001

生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率的影响

王峰 ,
吴志丹 ,
陈玉真 ,
江福英 ,
朱留刚 ,
张文锦 ,
翁伯琦 ,
尤志明

展开

1 福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福安 355015;
2 福建茶树及乌龙茶加工科学观测站,福建福安 355015;
3福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福建福州 350013

王峰,男,助理研究员,主要研究方向为茶树栽培与环境生态,82458lin@163.com。

收稿日期: 2017-11-17

修回日期: 2017-12-27

网络出版日期: 2019-10-15

基金资助

国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200903）、福建省自然科学基金（2016J01120）、福建省公益类科研院所专项（2015R1012-5,2015R1012-6,2016R1011-4）、中央引导地方科技发展专项（2016L3004）、福建省科技重大专项（2017NZ0002）、福建省农业科学院科技创新团队（STIT2017-1-3）

收起

Effects of the Combined Application of Biochar and Nitrogen on Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Tea Plants

WANG Feng ,
WU Zhidan ,
CHEN Yuzhen ,
JIANG Fuying ,
ZHU Liugang ,
ZHANG Wenjin ,
WENG Boqi ,
YOU Zhiming

Expand

1. Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu′an 355015, China;
2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tea Tree and Oolong Tea Processes in Fujian, Ministry of Agriculture, Fu′an 355015, China;
3. Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil, Fuzhou 350013, China

Received date: 2017-11-17

Revised date: 2017-12-27

Online published: 2019-10-15

Fold

摘要

通过水泥池小区试验,采用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究了生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率（茶树吸收、土壤氨挥发、N₂O和土壤残留量）的影响。结果表明,与不施生物质炭且不施氮肥（B₀N₀）处理相比,施氮能促进茶树的生长发育,茶树株高、树幅和基部径粗均显著增加,茶叶增产68.06%~112.63%。生物质炭对茶叶产量的影响因施氮量而异,在不施氮（N₀）和减量化施氮（N₁）条件下,配施生物质炭处理茶叶产量增加8.82%和8.75%,而常规施氮（N₂）条件下配施生物质炭处理茶叶产量略有降低,但差异均不显著。与B₀N₀处理相比,施氮处理土壤氨挥发和N₂O排放量显著增加;在N₁条件下,配施生物质炭（B₁N₁）处理氨挥发和N₂O累积排放量分别降低了5.87%和4.99%;在N₂条件下,配施生物质炭（B₁N₂）处理氨挥发和N₂O累积排放量分别降低了9.97%和11.41%,B₁N₂处理氮素减排效果更好。与单施氮肥处理相比,配施生物质炭均能增加茶树各器官氮含量、¹⁵N丰度和Ndff值,有利于茶树对氮素的吸收利用。与单施氮肥处理相比,配施生物质炭处理茶树¹⁵N利用率和¹⁵N残留率分别增加了0.46~3.93百分点和4.09~14.37百分点,¹⁵N损失率下降4.54~18.30百分点,其中B₁N₁处理效果优于B₁N₂处理。总体而言,生物质炭配施氮肥促进了茶树对氮的吸收,增加土壤氮素持留,并降低氮素气态损失,从而提高了氮素利用率,以减量化施氮配施生物质炭（B₁N₁）处理茶树能起到“减氮增产”效果,具有良好的应用前景。

关键词： 生物质炭; 氮肥; 茶树; 氮素利用率; 气态损失; 氮素残留

本文引用格式

王峰 , 吴志丹 , 陈玉真 , 江福英 , 朱留刚 , 张文锦 , 翁伯琦 , 尤志明 . 生物质炭配施氮肥对茶树生长及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2018 , 38(4) : 331 -341 . DOI: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2018.04.001

Abstract

A pool experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on tea plant growth and ¹⁵N transformation (Tree uptake, ammonia volatilization, N₂O emission and soil residual) using ¹⁵N trace technique. The results showed that the N application treatments improved the tea plant growth, and the tea yields of nitrogen application treatments increased from 68.06% to 112.63% as compared B₀N₀. Biochar effect on tea yields varied with N applications. Under N₀ and N₁ conditions, the tea yields of B₁N₀ and B₁N₁ treatments increased by 8.82% and 8.75%. But under N₂ conditions, the tea yield of B₁N₂ treatment was slightly reduced, although not significant. Compared with the B₀N₀, N application significantly increased the amounts of ammonia volatilization and N₂O emission. Under N₁ conditions, the B₁N₁ treatment reduced the ammonia volatilization and N₂O emission by 5.87% and 4.99% respectively. Under N₂ conditions, the B₁N₂ treatment reduced the ammonia volatilization and N₂O emission by 9.97% and 11.41% respectively. Compared with N treatment, the biochar mixed with N treatments increased the nitrogen concentration, ¹⁵N and the contribution of N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) in different parts of tea plants, thereby facilitated nitrogen uptake. The ¹⁵N use efficiency and ¹⁵N residue rate of biochar mixed with N treatments were higher than those of the N treatments with the percentages increasing by 0.46 to 3.93 percent and 4.09 to 14.37 percent respectively. The ¹⁵N loss rates of biochar mixed with N treatments were lower than those under N treatments, which were 4.54% to 18.30% differences, especially for B₁N₁treatment. In general, application of biochar in tea garden soil could promote N uptake in tea plants, increase the N fixed by soil and decrease N gaseous loss, thus improve the N use efficiency. Taken together, the results supported the theory of “less N fertilizer and increase yield” under B₁N₁ treatment, and this approach could be applied in tea production.

Key words： biochar; nitrogen fertilizer; tea plants; nitrogen use efficiency; nitrogen gaseous loss; nitrogen residue

参考文献

[1] Hilton P J, Palmer Jones R, Ellis R T.Effects of season and nitrogen fertiliser upon the flavanol composition and tea making quality of fresh shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in Central Africa[J]. Journal of the Science of Food Agriculture, 2010, 24(7): 819-826.
[2] 张振梅, 石元值, 马立锋, 等. 采摘标准与施氮水平对茶树春茶产量、品质及氮素利用的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2014, 34(5): 506-514.
[3] 马立锋, 苏孔武, 黎金兰, 等. 控释氮肥对茶叶产量、品质和氮素利用效率及经济效益的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2015, 35(4): 354-362.
[4] 阮建云, 吴洵, 石元值, 等. 中国典型茶区养分投入与施肥效应[J]. 土壤肥料, 2001(5): 9-13.
[5] 吴询, 茹国敏. 茶树对氮肥的吸收和利用[J]. 茶叶科学, 1986, 6(2): 15-24.
[6] Qin P, Qi Y C, Dong Y S, et a1. Soil nitrous oxide emissions from a typical semiarid temperate steppe in inner Mongolia: effects of mineral nitrogen fertilizer levels and forms[J]. Plant Soil, 2011, 342: 345-357.
[7] 刘宗岸, 杨京平, 杨正超, 等. 苕溪流域茶园不同种植模式下地表径流氮磷流失特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2012, 26(2): 29-32.
[8] 王峰, 陈玉真, 吴志丹, 等. 酸性茶园土壤氨挥发及其影响因素研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(4): 808-816.
[9] Zwieten L V, Kimber S, Morris S, et al.Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J]. Plant and Soil, 2010, 327(1): 235-246.
[10] Yao Y, Gao B, Zhang M, et al.Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 89(11): 1467-1471.
[11] Clough T J, Condron L M, Kammann C, et al.A Review of Biochar and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics[J]. Agronomy, 2013, 3(2): 275-293.
[12] 俞映倞, 薛利红, 杨林章, 等. 生物炭添加对酸化土壤中小白菜氮素利用的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2015, 52(4): 759-767.
[13] 张爱平, 刘汝亮, 高霁, 等. 生物炭对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(5): 1352-1360.
[14] 曲晶晶, 郑金伟, 郑聚锋, 等. 小麦秸秆生物黑炭对水稻产量及晚稻氮素利用率的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2012, 28(3): 288-293.
[15] Zhang A, Bian R, Pan G, et al.Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality, crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a Chinese rice paddy: A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles[J]. Field Crops Research, 2012, 127: 153-160.
[16] Li B, Bi Z, Xiong Z.Dynamic responses of nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen use efficiency to nitrogen and biochar amendment in an intensified vegetable field in southeastern China[J]. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 2017, 9(2): 400-413.
[17] Zhu Q, Peng X, Huang T.Contrasted effects of biochar on maize growth and N use efficiency depending on soil conditions[J]. International Agrophysics, 2016, 29(2): 257-266.
[18] Zhu Q H, Peng X H, Huang T Q, et al.Effect of biochar addition on maize growth and nitrogen use efficiency in acidic red soils[J]. Pedosphere, 2014, 24(6): 699-708.
[19] 吴志丹, 尤志明, 江福英, 等. 生物黑炭对酸化茶园土壤的改良效果[J]. 福建农业学报, 2012, 27(2): 167-172.
[20] 王朝辉, 刘学军, 巨晓棠. 田间土壤氨挥发的原位测定-通气法[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2002, 8(2): 205-209.
[21] 李露, 周自强, 潘晓健, 等.不同时期施用生物炭对稻田N₂O和CH₄排放的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2015(4): 839-848.
[22] 萧自位, 王丽娟, 毛加梅, 等. 西双版纳不同林茶复合生态系统碳储量[J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(7): 1617-1625.
[23] 曼如, 束怀瑞, 周宏伟. 苹果氮素营养研究Ⅳ.贮藏¹⁵N的运转、分配特性[J]. 园艺学报, 1986, 13(1): 23-30.
[24] Sun H, Zhang H, Min J, et al.Controlled-release fertilizer, floating duckweed, and biochar affect ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission from rice paddy fields irrigated with nitrogen-rich wastewater[J]. Paddy Water Environment, 2016, 14(1): 105-111.
[25] Wu F, Jia Z, Wang S, et al.Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil[J]. Biology and fertility of soils, 2013, 49(5): 555-565.
[26] Han W, Xu J, Wei K, et al.Estimation of N₂O emission from tea garden soils, their adjacent vegetable garden and forest soils in eastern China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2013, 70(6): 2495-2500.
[27] Fu X Q, Li Y, Su W J, et al.Annual dynamics of N₂O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China[J]. Plant Soil Environment, 2012, 58(8): 373-378.
[28] Hou M, Ohkama-Ohtsu N, Suzuki S, et al.Nitrous oxide emission from tea soil under different fertilizer managements in Japan[J]. Catena, 2015, 135: 304-312.
[29] Fu X, Liu X, Li Y, et al.Wet-season spatial variability in N₂O emissions from a tea field in subtropical central China[J]. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2015, 12(2): 1475-1508.
[30] 尹昌, 范分良, 李兆君, 等. 长期施用有机和无机肥对黑土nirS型反硝化菌种群结构和丰度的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(11): 3967-3975.
[31] 张婧, 夏光利, 李虎, 等. 一次性施肥技术对冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统土壤N₂O排放的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(1): 195-204.
[32] Yao Z, Zheng X, Dong H, et al.A 3-year record of N₂O and CH₄ emissions from a sandy loam paddy during rice seasons as affected by different nitrogen application rates[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2012, 152(3): 1-9.
[33] 王峰, 陈玉真, 吴志丹, 等. 施用生物质炭对酸性茶园土壤氨挥发的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2017, 37(1): 60-70.
[34] Kastner J R, Miller J, Das K.Pyrolysis conditions and ozone oxidation effects on ammonia adsorption in biomass generated chars[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 164(2): 1420-1427.
[35] Wang J, Chen Z, Xiong Z, et al.Effects of biochar amendment on greenhouse gas emissions, net ecosystem carbon budget and properties of an acidic soil under intensive vegetable production[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2015, 31(3): 375-383.
[36] 陈玉真, 王峰, 尤志明, 等. 添加生物黑炭对茶园土壤CO₂、N₂O排放的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(5): 1009-1016.
[37] Cayuela M L, Jeffery S, van Zwieten L. The molar H: Corg ratio of biochar is a key factor in mitigating N₂O emissions from soil[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems Environment, 2015, 202: 135-138.
[38] Dempster D N, Gleeson D B, Solaiman Z M, et al.Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil[J]. Plant Soil, 2012, 354(1): 311-324.
[39] Zwieten L V, Singh B P, Kimber S W L, et al. An incubation study investigating the mechanisms that impact N₂O flux from soil following biochar application[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems Environment, 2014, 191: 53-62.
[40] Jaiswal A K, Elad Y, Graber E R, et al.Rhizoctonia solani, suppression and plant growth promotion in cucumber as affected by biochar pyrolysis temperature, feedstock and concentration[J]. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 2014, 69(1): 110-118.
[41] Viger M, Hancock R D, Miglietta F, et al.More plant growth but less plant defence? First global gene expression data for plants grown in soil amended with biochar[J]. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 2015, 7(4): 658-672.
[42] 马立锋. 茶树氮素吸收利用与氮肥施用技术研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2015: 33-36.
[43] 张伟明, 管学超, 黄玉威, 等. 生物炭与化学肥料互作的大豆生物学效应[J]. 作物学报, 2015, 41(1): 109-122.
[44] 刘玉学. 生物质炭输入对土壤氮素流失及温室气体排放特性的影响[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2011: 81-82.
[45] 张万杰, 李志芳, 张庆忠, 等. 生物质炭和氮肥配施对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(10): 1946-1952.
[46] 袁晶晶, 同延安, 卢绍辉, 等. 生物炭与氮肥配施对土壤肥力及红枣产量、品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 468-475.
[47] 李琦, 马莉, 赵跃, 等. 不同温度制备的棉花秸秆生物碳对棉花生长及氮肥利用率(¹⁵N)的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(3): 600-607.
[48] 苏有健, 廖万有, 丁勇, 等. 不同氮营养水平对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(6): 1430-1436.
[49] 葛顺峰, 姜远茂, 魏绍冲, 等. 不同供氮水平下幼龄苹果园氮素去向初探[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(4): 949-955.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献