不同施氮量对两种茶园土壤硝化作用和pH值的影响

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在土壤最大持水量60%和温度25℃的实验室培养条件下,对采自福建武夷山的两种类型土壤（黄壤和红壤）进行46βd的培养实验,研究了不同施氮量对茶园土壤硝化作用和pH值的影响。结果表明,两种茶园土壤中尿素的水解过程有明显差别,黄壤茶园土壤中尿素水解率高且较快（2~6βd）,红壤茶园中水解过程达到了16βd;对照处理（N0）两种茶园硝化率分别为81.32%和73.48%,黄壤茶园土壤硝化作用显著高于红壤茶园（P<0.05）;无论施氮与否,两种茶园土壤NO₃^--N含量随时间的变化趋势呈“J”型,具有11~16βd的延滞期,符合指数方程N=N₀e^kt（P<0.01）;施氮后,两种茶园土壤的净消化量、净硝化速率和k值（P<0.05）均显著增加,且随施氮量的增加而增加,但土壤硝化率（P<0.05）显著降低;无论施氮与否,黄壤茶园土壤N₂O排放速率在培养期间总体高于红壤茶园土壤,且前者累积排放量显著高于后者（P<0.05）;氮肥施用导致两种茶园土壤pH值下降,较对照分别下降了0.16~0.52和0.11~0.25,施氮量越大,pH值下降越多。以上结果表明,研究中两种茶园土壤硝化作用较强,均存在硝化作用延滞期（11~16βd）,有利于茶树对铵态氮的吸收利用;施氮导致土壤pH值降低,加速土壤酸化。

关键词: 茶园土壤, 氮肥水平, 硝化作用, pH

Abstract: Two tea garden soils (yellow soil and red soil) derived from Wuyishan City were incubated at 25℃with a soil moisture content of 60% water holding capacity (WHC) for 46 days. The dynamics of nitrification and pH of soil after urea application at different rates were measured. The results show that urea is hydrolyzed fast (2-6βd) with a high nitrification activity in yellow soil. However, the urea is hydrolyzed relatively slow (16βd) in red soil. The nitrification rate in two tea garden soils are 81.32% and 73.48% respectively, and the nitrification activity in yellow soil is significantly higher than that in red soil (P<0.05). With or without nitrogen application, changing tendency of the contents of NO₃^-N in two tea garden soils show as ‘J’ type with an obvious delay step for 11-16 days. The nitrification in these tea garden soils follows the exponential model N=N₀e^kt(P<0.01). Compared with the control treatment, the net amount of nitrified nitrogen, net nitrification rate and k value increase with the urea N application rates, however, the nitrification rates decreased with the urea N application rates. With or without Nitrogen Application, the N₂O fluxes from yellow tea garden soil were higher than those from red tea garden soil(P<0.05). Compared with the control treatment, soil pH decreased by 0.16-0.52 and 0.11-0.25 pH units with the urea N application rates. These results indicated that two highly acidic tea garden soils showed high nitrification activity(delay step were 11-16 days), and be conducive to absorb NH₄⁺-N. Urea application could decrease soil pH, and the nitrogen application rate is one of the main factors accelerating acidification of tea garden soil.

Key words: tea garden soil, Nitrogen fertilizer application rate, nitrification, pH

中图分类号:

S143.1
S153

王峰, 陈玉真, 尤志明, 吴志丹, 江福英, 张文锦, 翁伯琦. 不同施氮量对两种茶园土壤硝化作用和pH值的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2015, 35(1): 82-90. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.016.

WANG Feng, CHEN Yuzhen, YOU Zhiming, WU Zhidan, JIANG Fuying, ZHANG Wenjin, WENG Boqi. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Nitrification and pH of Two Tea Garden Soil[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2015, 35(1): 82-90. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2015.01.016.

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