采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,应用Le Bissonnais法研究茶园土壤团聚体稳定性。结果表明：（1）不同植茶年限茶园土壤>5 mm团聚体含量均表现为湿润扰动处理（81.05%~95.62%）>慢速湿润处理（64.18%~89.31%）>快速湿润处理（17.62%~24.26%）,团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）、几何均重直径（GWD）和偏倚系数（CS）值也具有相同的变化规律,表明茶园土壤团聚体的崩解机制主要是快速湿润时孔隙内封闭的空气压力作用,快速湿润处理更接近茶园土壤实际情况;（2）快速湿润处理下,土壤团聚体稳定性对茶树连作的响应存在明显差异。随着植茶年限的增加,土壤团聚体MWD、GMD和CS值先降低后升高,在植茶23 a时最低。表明茶园土壤团聚体稳定性在植茶23 a时最弱;（3）在快速湿润处理下,茶园土壤团聚体稳定性与土壤有机质和粘粒含量呈显著正相关。表明茶园土壤有机质和粘粒含量升高有利于土壤团聚体的形成和稳定性增强。因此,在茶园管理中应加强铺草覆盖,减弱消散作用对团聚体的破坏,植茶16~23 a时需增施有机肥料,以提高茶园土壤团聚体稳定性。
Through field investigation and laboratory analysis, soil aggregates stability in tea field was studied by Le Bissonnais method. Results showed that (1) the mass percentage of >5 mm soil aggregates expressed as wet stirring treatment (81.05%-95.62%)> slow wetting treatment (64.18%-89.31%)> fast wetting treatment (17.62%-24.26%) under different tea field age, and values of mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and bias coefficient (CS) of soil aggregates showed the same variation. The primary destructive mechanism of tea field soil aggregates was dissipation and fast wetting treatment was closer to the actual situation of tea field soil. (2) Stability of soil aggregates in response to continuous cropping of tea was significantly different under fast wetting treatment. Along with the increasing of planting age of the tea field values of soil aggregates MWD, GMD and CS displayed a falling-and-rising trend, and lower values were found in tea fields with 23 years of age and showed that field soil aggregates stability was weakest in tea field with 23 years of age. (3) The stability of soil aggregates in tea field showed a positive correlation with contents of soil organic matter and clay under fast wetting treatment. The increased contents of soil organic matter and clay were beneficial to formation of soil aggregates and improved to stability of soil aggregates. Therefore, in management of tea fields, it is essential to increase the amount of straw covering the soil, so as to weaken the role of dissipation on soil aggregates disintegration, and in tea fields with 16 to 23 years of age, it was necessary to apply to use organic manure, so as to improve the stability of soil aggregates.
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