土壤是昆虫病原真菌的重要贮存库,本文利用选择性培养基标准平板技术,对广东省英德市4个茶园土壤中昆虫病原真菌的物种多样性与群落结构进行了研究。结果显示：茶园土壤中共分离出了4个属8个种的昆虫病原真菌;其中以淡紫拟青霉最多,占90.20%;金龟子绿僵菌其次,占5.60%。昆虫病原真菌多样性随季节变化而变化,春夏两季多样性指数较高,分别为0.7148和0.6918;秋冬两季多样性指数较低,分别是0.4940和0.4302。茶园植被类型越复杂,土壤中昆虫病原真菌的物种多样性也越高,分离总数也越多。单一茶树品种但有乔木层遮蔽的茶园,其多样性指数为1.0651,远远高于没有乔木层遮蔽茶园的0.3393。增加茶树的种植品种,可以增加茶园土壤中昆虫病原真菌的多样性与丰富度,多样性指数也可以提高。调整茶园植被类型对于茶园土壤中昆虫病原真菌群落结构的丰富与多样性的提升有着重要的生态作用。
Soil is an important reservoir of entomopathogenic fungi in the fields. The community structure and species diversity of the entomopathogenic fungi in the soil of four tea gardens in Yingde, Guangdong province was investigated. Four genus and 8 species of entomogenous fungi was identified, and their population dynamics were monitored by the selective medium technique. The results showed Paecilomyces lilacinus dominated the community by a population percentage of 90.20% to the total, and followed by Metarhizium anisopliae of 5.60%. Community diversity of the entomogenous fungi changed with seasons. The brillouin diversity index reached peak at a value of 0.7148 and 0.6918 in spring and in summer, and decreased to 0.4940 and 0.4302 in autumn and in winter, respectively. The more complex of plant structure in the tea gardens showed, the higher biological diversity of entomogeneous fungi in the soil of the tea gardens was found. The monocultured tea garden shaded by tree layer had a diversity index of 1.0651, which far higher than that of 0.3393 of the garden without tree layer. More cultivars of tea bush in a garden increase the diversity and richness of entomopathogenic fungi in the soil. The diversity index was also increased. Plant structure played an important ecological role in increasing diversity of an entomopathogenic fungi community in a tea garden soil.
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