选择浙西北、浙中、浙东和浙南等4个代表性产茶县市（长兴县、兰溪市、绍兴县和龙泉市）,进行了为期一年的茶叶生产过程中有机肥、化肥、大气沉降、茶叶收获物和地表径流中重金属流的定点定量分析,探讨了茶叶生态系统中重金属的年平衡值及其影响因素。结果表明,茶园生态系统中重金属来源物和农产品及排水中重金属流有较大的空间变异性。在施用化肥为主的茶园中,Zn、Cu和Pb输入主要为大气沉降,其次为有机肥施用;As的输入主要为大气沉降,其次为化肥施用;化肥施用对Cd和Hg的输入有较大的影响。在施用有机肥为主的茶园中,Zn、Cu、Cd和Hg的输入主要为有机肥的施用,其次为大气沉降;Pb和As的输入主要为大气沉降,其次为有机肥施用。以地表径流流失的Zn和Cu量高于因茶叶收获带走的Zn和Cu,而Pb、Cd、Hg和As的输出主要是通过茶叶的收获。在施用化肥为主的茶园中,Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As的年平衡值平均分别为313.0、11.8、41.2、2.95、0.22、2.18g/hm²;在施用有机肥为主的茶园中,Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As的年平衡值平均分别为849.3、303.4、66.3、2.59、0.47、7.43g/hm²。茶园系统中重金属的年平衡值有机肥施用为主的茶园高于化肥施用为主的茶园。

Four tea production sites, located in Changxing, Lanxi, Shaoxing and Longquan, were selected to study the flows of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As loaded by organic manure, chemical fertilizers, atmospheric deposition, tea harvest, and surface runoff in tea production system through one-year field monitoring. Annual mass balance of the heavy metals in the tea production system and its influencing factors were also discussed. The results showed that the flows of the heavy metals in input materials and agricultural products and drainages in the tea production systems varied spatially with investigated samples and fields. Inputs of Zn, Cu, and Pb in the tea gardens were mainly from atmospheric deposition, followed by organic manure. That of As was mainly from atmospheric deposition, followed by chemical fertilizers. Those of Cd and Hg were mainly from chemical fertilizers. In the tea gardens where organic manures were applied as main nutrients, annual input amounts of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were 1026.4, 366.8, 77.0, 3.14, 0.83, and 40.3g/hm², respectively. While annual output amounts of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were 187.1, 63.2, 10.7, 0.55, 0.36, and 32.9g/hm², respectively. Inputs of Zn, Cu, Cd and Hg in the tea garden were mainly from organic manure, followed by atmospheric deposition. Those of Pb and As were mainly from atmospheric deposition, followed by organic manure. Outputs of Zn and Cu in the way of surface runoff were higher than those in the way of tea harvest, and those of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As in the way of tea harvest were much higher than those in the way of surface runoff. Annual mass balances of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were 313.0, 11.8, 41.2, 2.95, 0.22, and 2.18g/hm² for tea gardens where chemical fertilizers were applied as main nutrients, and 849.3, 303.4, 66.3, 2.59, 0.47, and 7.43g/hm² for tea gardens where organic manures were applied as main nutrients. The annual mass balances of the heavy metals were higher in the tea gardens where organic manures were applied as main nutrients than those where chemical fertilizers were applied as main nutrients.