表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）作为茶叶中主要生物活性成分,具有良好的生理功能,但低稳定性使其容易被氧化降解,生物利用率低。利用羧甲基壳聚糖（CMC）、壳聚糖盐酸盐（CHC）、β-乳球蛋白（β-LG）作为壁材,制备壳聚糖复合β-乳球蛋白负载EGCG纳米粒,通过透射电镜、结构表征（粒径、Zeta电位测定）对颗粒微观形态进行观察,利用高效液相色谱仪对颗粒包埋率、模拟胃肠液释放率进行测定,最后建立糖尿病小鼠模型,探究包埋后颗粒的降血糖活性。结果表明,CS-β-LG-EGCG纳米粒结构完整、粒径10~100 nm、粒子分散;包埋率大于50%,且在肠液和胃液中具有缓释作用;CS-β-LG-EGCG纳米粒与胰岛素无拮抗作用,与未包埋的EGCG相比,包埋后颗粒具备的缓释作用可减缓血糖的回升。
As the main bioactive component in tea, EGCG has abundant physiological functions. However, its low stability makes it easy to be degraded and has low bioavailability. In this experiment, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), chitosan hydrochloride (CHC), and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were used as wall materials to encapsulate EGCG. The microscopic morphology of particles were observed through electron microscope microscopic morphological observation, structural characterization (measurement of particle size, Zeta potential). The entrapment efficiency and simulated gastrointestinal fluid release rate were determined by HPLC. Finally, the activities of nanoparticles were explored by measuring the effect of nanoparticles on blood glucose in diabetic mice. The result shows that the prepared CS-β-LG-EGCG nanoparticles had complete structures, particle size of 10-100 nm, and certain dispersibilities. The entrapment efficiency was greater than 50%, and it had a slow-release effect in intestinal and gastric juices. CS-β-LG-EGCG nanoparticles had no antagonistic effect with insulin. Compared with uncoated EGCG, the sustained-release effect of the particles can slow down the recovery of blood glucose.
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