林地转变为茶园的土壤pH及养分变化特征

doi:10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对铁观音主产区安溪县10个乡镇38个茶园表土及相邻的林地进行调查,研究林地转变为茶园后土壤pH及养分变化特征。结果表明:林地转变为茶园后土壤pH每年平均下降0.031个单位,由林地土壤的4.81下降到茶园的4.17,达到极显著差异水平。与林地相比,茶园土壤pH在4.0~4.5区间的样本比例增加27.0%,pH<4.0样本比例增加36.8%,并显著提高交换性酸、交换性氢、交换性铝含量。林地转为茶园后土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别提高0.29 g·kg^-1、33.39 mg·kg^-1、59.06 mg·kg^-1、29.75 mg·kg^-1,土壤C∶N下降5.67,均达显著差异水平。随着茶园植茶年限增加,土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量显著上升,土壤pH变化量与土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾变化量呈显著负相关,茶园土壤pH若下降1个单位,土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾养分含量平均可累积63.92、52.45、55.84 mg·kg^-1,其中茶园土壤有效磷平均含量已达到环境临界值,存在对环境造成磷素污染的风险。调查结果表明,安溪县茶园增加有机肥的投入,并进行针对性配方施肥,可减缓茶园土壤酸化趋势。

关键词: 林地, 茶园, 土壤酸化, 化学性质

Abstract: In this study, 38 tea garden and adjacent woodland were chosen in An’xi county to investigate soil pH and nutrient changes. The results show that, soil pH was decreased by 0.031 units per year from 4.81 in woodland to 4.17 in tea garden. Contrast to woodland, the ratio of tea-grown soils with pH 4.0-4.5 and pH<4.0 were increased by 27% and 36.8%, which significantly increased the contents of total exchangeable acid, exchangeable H⁺ and exchangeable aluminum Al³⁺. After the conversion of forest land to tea garden, the contents of soil total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased by 0.29 g·kg^-1, 33.39 mg·kg^-1, 59.06 mg·kg^-1 and 29.75 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Furthermore, the C/N ratio was significantly decreased by 5.67. With the increase of tea planting years in tea garden, the contents of total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus were increased significantly. The change of soil pH was significantly and negatively correlated with those of soil hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. The average contents of hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium would be increased by 63.92 mg·kg^-1, 52.45 mg·kg^-1 and 55.84 mg·kg^-1 when soil pH was decreased by 1 unit. When the environmental threshold is reached, there is a risk of phosphorus pollution to the environment. The survey results show that the tea garden in Anxi County needs to increase the input of organic fertilizer and carry out targeted formula fertilization to slow down the acidification trend of soil.

Key words: woodland, tea garden, soil acidification, chemical properties

中图分类号:

林诚, 陈子聪, 吴一群, 颜明娟. 林地转变为茶园的土壤pH及养分变化特征[J]. 茶叶科学, 2020, 40(2): 186-193. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.005.

LIN Cheng, CHEN Zicong, WU Yiqun, YAN Mingjuan. Acidification Characteristics and Nutrient Contents in Soils of Tea Garden and Adjacent Woodland in Subtropical Region[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2020, 40(2): 186-193. doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2020.02.005.

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