不同父本对籽叶两用茶树‘金茶18’花粉直感效应的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 茶树是异花授粉植物,为探究花粉直感效应对茶籽的影响,以‘金茶18’为母本,‘苔茶’‘丽早香’‘黔湄1号’‘鸠坑大叶’和‘黔湄809’为父本开展人工授粉试验,比较不同授粉组合的坐果率、茶籽经济性状和品质性状差异,采用主成分分析法进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种授粉的茶籽干籽质量、干仁质量、含油率和脂肪酸含量等指标均表现出花粉直感效应。5个授粉组合中,以‘苔茶’‘黔湄1号’和‘鸠坑大叶’为父本的组合坐果率显著高于自然授粉组;其中父本为‘黔湄1号’的种子直径、干籽质量和干仁质量与自然授粉组接近,显著高于其他组合;以‘苔茶’‘丽早香’为父本的茶籽含油率、脂肪酸总量和不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其他组合。通过主成分分析法对6个授粉组合进行综合评价,结果显示,以‘苔茶’‘丽早香’为父本的授粉组合和自然授粉组合的综合评分位列前3。进一步分析表明,‘苔茶’作为‘金茶18’的授粉树,可显著提高其坐果率、茶籽含油率及不饱和脂肪酸含量,适宜作为‘金茶18’的授粉茶树品种。

关键词: ‘金茶18’, 花粉直感效应, 人工授粉, 坐果率, 茶籽性状

Abstract: Camellia sinensis is a cross-pollinated plant. To explore the effect of xenia on tea seeds, this study conducted artificial pollination experiments using ‘Jincha 18’ as the maternal parent and cultivars including ‘Taicha’, ‘Lizaoxiang’‘Qianmei 1’‘Jiukengdaye’ and ‘Qianmei 809’ as the paternal parents. The differences in fruit set rate, economic traits and quality traits of tea seeds among different pollination combinations were compared, and principal component analysis (PCA) was employed for comprehensive evaluation. The results demonstrate xenia effects on multiple tea seed indicators under different paternal pollination treatments, including dry seed weight, dry kernel weight, oil content and fatty acid composition. Among the five pollination combinations, those with the paternal parents ‘Taicha’‘Qianmei 1’ and ‘Jiukengdaye’ exhibited significantly higher fruit set rates compared to the naturally pollinated control group. Seeds with ‘Qianmei 1’ as the paternal parent had comparable seed diameter, dry seed weight, and dry kernel weight to those of the naturally pollinated group, but significantly higher values than other pollination combinations. Seeds with ‘Taicha’ or ‘Lizaoxiang’ as the paternal parent had significantly higher oil content, total fatty acid content, and unsaturated fatty acid content than other pollination combinations. A comprehensive evaluation of six pollination combinations via principal component analysis reveals that combinations with ‘Taicha’ and ‘Lizaoxiang’ as the paternal parents, together with the naturally pollinated group, ranked among the top three in overall performance scores. Further analysis demonstrates that when used as a pollinizer for ‘Jincha 18’‘Taicha’ significantly increased both tea seed yield and quality parameters, concurrently enhancing fruit set rate , oil content and unsaturated fatty acid proportion.

Key words: ‘Jincha 18’, xenia, artificial pollination, fruit-setting rate, tea seed traits

中图分类号:

S571.1
S326

李朵姣, 胡新荣, 沈英姿, 江丽, 袁名安, 王丽鸳, 郑寨生. 不同父本对籽叶两用茶树‘金茶18’花粉直感效应的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2026, 46(1): 50-60.

LI Duojiao, HU Xinrong, SHEN Yingzi, JIANG Li, YUAN Ming'an, WANG Liyuan, ZHENG Zhaisheng. Effects of Different Paternal Parents on Xenia in the Seed-Leaf Dual-Purpose Tea Cultivar ‘Jincha 18’[J]. Journal of Tea Science, 2026, 46(1): 50-60.

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