The 81 accessions were detected by 15 nuclear SSR and 3 cpDNA markers. A total of 142 observed number of alleles were detected, and the expected homozygosty (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), Nei’s expected heterozygosity (Nei) of Chengbudong tea were 0.49, 0.62 and 0.62, respectively, suggesting Dong tea had a high genetic diversity. The STRUCTURE software was applied to the nSSR data to infer the genetic structure in the 79 Chengbudong tea accessions. When K=3, the Delta K value was maximized, but the five populations belonged to a mixed population without any clear genetic structure. F test showed that the inbreeding coefficient of Chengbudong tea was positive (FIS=0.177 5). Genetic differentiation coefficient FST was 0.034 5, indicating a low degree of differentiation and high gene flow (Nm=7.01). The aligned chloroplast DNA sequences of rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA were 473 bp, 704 bp, 320 bp in length. The polymorphic site percentages were 0.42%, 0.71% and 1.25%, respectively. A total of 9 haplotypes (H1-H9) were identified across the 81 tea accessions including two outgroup accessions. TXZ population had the highest haplotypes (6), followed by DZC (4), DPS (4), TYS (3) and HJZ (2). The total haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were 0.732 and 0.001 39, respectively. Among 9 cpDNA haplotypes, haplotypes H1 and H5 were the ancestral haplotypes. The sources of genetic differentiation were revealed within and among populations by the AMOVA method. The results of nSSR and cpDNA analysis were basically consistent, with variations within populations of 96.69% (nSSR) and 80.54% (cpDNA), respectively.
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