The kernel percentage, fat content and fatty acid composition and absolute content of the seed kernel of 42 tea germplasm materials from Southern Henan were analyzed in this paper. The results show that the kernel percentage ranged from 33.53% to 71.60%, the fatty content was determined with Soxhlet extraction, varied from 17.77% to 38.39%, totally, 21 fatty acids were identified by GC-MS, and the range of main fatty acid contents, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, cis-oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, were 2.64%-5.70%, 0.21%-1.11%,7.33%-17.29%, 0.09%-8.44% and 0.01%-0.15%, respectively. Correlation analysis shows that cis-oleic acid was significantly negatively correlated with tridecanoic acid, myristic acid and cis-eicosadienoic acid, linoleic acid was significantly negatively correlated with trans-oleic acid and cis-docosahexaenoic acid. The content ratio of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids of seed kernel of Shuixian 7202 was 3.08∶12.16∶1, and others’ were around 1∶2.69∶1.37. According to higer kernel percentage and fat content of seed kernel, a total of eight tea cultivars including Zhonghuang 1, Nongkangzao, Yingshuang, Echa 11, Longjing 43, Zhongxuan 8, Laoshan 3 and Huangjinye were initially screened as candidate cultivars for constructing tea garderns harvesting leaf and seed.
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