The preventive effect of green brick tea (GBT) on the mouse non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model was studied by affecting changes in gut microbiota. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, including normal control group (NC), model control group (MC), positive drug control group (PC), low-dose group (LD) and high-dose group (HD) of GBT. A NAFLD model was established by feeding mice with high-fat diet, and supplemented with low and high doses of GBT water extract and positive drug (Xuezhikang) respectively. The body weight, food utilization efficiency, liver weight, liver index, TC, LDL-C/HDL-C and ALT contents of mice were determined. Liver tissue pathological sections were observed by HE staining and Oil Red O staining. ELISA method was used to detect changes of IL-1β and IL-18 in liver tissue. The changes of gut microbiota were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing in 16 S rDNA V3-V4 region, and Spearman's correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and NAFLD phenotype. Compared with the model control group, the body weight, food utilization efficiency, liver weight, liver index, serum TC, LDL-C/HDL-C, ALT, liver tissue TC, IL-1β, and IL-18 contents of mice in the GBT group were significantly reduced, and the degree of liver disease was improved. Gut microbiota analysis and correlation analysis show that the species abundance of Bacteroides decreased, and it was positively correlated with the NAFLD phenotype. The species abundance of Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, and Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis increased, and they were negatively correlated with the NAFLD phenotype. Bacteroides and Lactobacillus had the strongest correlation with NAFLD phenotype. Green brick tea has a certain preventive effect on NAFLD, and its effect may be related to the changes in gut microbiota.
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