15 October 2008, Volume 28 Issue 5

    

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  Adsorption Kinetics of Catechins onto Tea Stalk Lignocellulose

  YE Jian-hui, JIN Jin, LIANG Hui-ling, LIANG Yue-rong

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 313-318. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.004

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  Lignocelluloses prepared from woody tea stalk was used to adsorb tea catechins from green tea extract solution by static adsorption, focusing on the study of adsorption isotherm equation and characteristics of kinetics. The results showed that the Freundlich isotherm equation could be used to describe the adsorption of total catechins, and the adsorption capacities of total catechins decreased with the increase in temperature. The equations of pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model were used for the simulation of adsorption kinetic study. The kinetic results were more fitted to the pseudo-second-order model than the pseudo-first-order model. The saturated adsorption capacities on catechins calculated by the pseudo-second-order model were close to those of experimental data at different temperatures. With the increase in temperature, the rate constants of k₁ and k₂ are increased, while the initial adsorption rate of total catechins are decreased.
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  Study on Activity of Dark Tea Extracts on PPARs Model

  SONG Lu-bin, HUANG Jian-an, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Hao, WANG Kun-bo

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 319-325. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.002

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  Pu-er tea, Liu-bao tea, Fu-zhuan tea, Hua-zhuan tea, Qing-zhuan tea and Hei-zhuan tea as study material, and Tuo tea, Mi-zhuan tea as contrast material, the activity of dark tea on PPARδ and PPARγ model was studied. The results showed that the activation of dark tea to PPARδ & PPARγ receptor is high, and the activating components in dark tea on PPAR can be extracted by hot water. Therefore, dark tea showed a certain role on Hyperlipidemia, anti-obesity, regulation of carbohydrate metabolic and antiatherosclerosis.
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  Research on Enzymatic Nature of Polyphenol Oxidase from Trametes Trogii and the Enzymatic Synthesis of Theaflavins

  LI Shi, LIU Zhong-hua, HUANG Jian-an, WANG Kun-bo, SHI Ling

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 326-330. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.001

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  ：The investigation on the oxidative preparation in vitro of theaflavin by using the polyphenol oxidase(PPO) from Trametes trogii was conducted. Results showed that the optimum reaction temperature for PPO produced by Trametes trogii was ranged from 28℃to 36℃, and the optimum pH value for PPO was 5.2. The PPO showed higher activity and stability during the first 30 minutes when the reaction temperature was constant. 96.2% PPO could be precipitated from the crude enzyme solution when 50% Ammonium sulfate was added to. Added PPO (from Trametes trogii) to two-liquid-phase of catechin reaction system, the TFs was produced 10.19%. Compared with the contrast (PPO from fresh tea leaves), the total quantity of TFs (PPO from Trametes trogii) was lower,but the ratio of TF-3-G was much higher when PPO come from Trametes trogii, and the content of TF-3-G reached 68.1%. It occupied 92.08% of the total ester TFs.
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  Effect of Mn Addition Treatment on Accumulation of Mn and Physiological Active Substance in Tea Plants

  CHANG Shuo-qi, PENG Ke-qin, ZHANG Ya-lian, LIU Hong-yan, FU Hai-ping

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 331-338. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.003

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  Hydroponic cultivation was used to study the effects of long-term treatment with different levels of Mn on accumulation of Mn and physiological active substance in two tea cultivars. The result indicated that Fuding cultivars shows stress phenomenon of Mn after long-term treated by Mn addition treatment. while that of Zhu yeqi cultivar is not. Mn concentration in tea leaves of Zhu yeqi cultivar is higher than that of Fuding during growing 50 days and 176 days respectively. Except the A treatment the Mn concentration in other treatment, the tea plant leaves of Fuding cultivar are higher than that of Zhu yeqi cultivar in 143 days. At the middle stage, some leaves of Fuding cultivar show the phenomenon of Mn stress, chlorophyll content in tea leaves decrease, young leaves become yellow, old leaves become brown. The change of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and Maleic Dialdehyde (MDA) activity shows tea plants are in the situation of Mn stress. However, Zhu yeqi cultivar shows greater ability of anti-Mn stress than that of Fuding cultivar. This indicated that the ability of anti-Mn stress for tea pant showed relationship with tea plant cultivar.
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  Study on the Absorption and Accumulation of Cr³⁺ and Cd²⁺ in Tea Plants

  TANG Qian, YE Shan-rong, CHEN Neng-wu, ZHANG Su-ming, TAN He-ping

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 339-347. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.006

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  The accumulation and distribution of Cr³⁺ and Cd²⁺ in hydroponic cultured different tea cultivars including Mingshan131, Mingshan213 and Fudingdabaicha and their toxic symptoms to these plants had been studied. The results indicated that the inhibitory effects and toxic symptoms of Cr³⁺ and Cd²⁺ on tea plants new shoots and new shoots of tea plants changed with different stress concentration, time and tea cultivars under Cr³⁺(20~100 mg/L), Cd²⁺（1~5 mg/L）stress. The concentrations of Cr and Cd in tea plants increased with the increasing of Cr³⁺ and Cd²⁺ stress or the prolonging of treated times. The total content of chromium and cadmium in all organs of tea plant was significantly positively correlated with the chromium, cadmium concentrations and the distribution order of Cr in the tea plants was: fine roots> main root> main stem> branches> old leaves>new shoots (one bud two leaves) while that of Cd was: fine roots> main root>main stem>new shoots (one bud two leaves)> branches> old leaves. Chromium and cadmium elements absorbed by roots were fixed in the fine root and the proportion of transport to upper was low, but the activity and transfer ability of cadmium in tea are stronger than that of chromium. Cadmium transported to the ground and could easily be migrated to new shoots. The order of Cadmium content in different leaf location of new shoots was: the bud> the second >the third >the fourth leaves. Cadmium had an obvious upward trend. The absorption, accumulation and migration ability of chromium and cadmium in tea plants changed with the different tea cultivars.
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  (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Protects Chang Liver Cell from Carmustine-induced DNA Damage

  HUANG Xiu-hua, ZHANG Dan, DENG Guo-bing, YANG Zu-jun, REN Zheng-long

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 348-352. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.009

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  The protective effect and mechanism of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) combined with carmustine on the DNA damage of Chang liver cells were evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometric assay and Comet assay respectively. The results showed that EGCG can prevent the growth inhibition caused by carmustine, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of carmustine to Chang liver cells was 43.31 μg/ml, while it is combined with EGCG(25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, the concentration under which EGCG has no growth inhibition to Chang liver cells), the IC₅₀ to Chang liver cells increased to 52.46 μg/ml and 46.65 μg/ml respectively. EGCG also decreased carmustine-induced DNA damage in Chang liver cells according to Comet assay results. The Olive tail moment decreased from 9.07±5.48 to 6.02±2.46. EGCG also decreased the apoptosis percentages of Chang liver cells caused by carmustine. After Chang liver cells treated with EGCG(25 μg/ml) and carmustine (20 μg/ml) for 4 h, 6 h and 24 h, the apoptosis percentage decrease from 4.53±0.64（%）、6.01±0.14（%）、2.27±0.32（%）to 3.04±0.47（%）、5.61±0.10（%）、1.14±0.23（%）respectively. These results suggest that EGCG can protect the human normal liver cells from the lethal action by carmustine. The mechanism is the EGCG possess the activity of decreasing the DNA damage caused by these agents and the apoptosis percentage caused by carmustine.
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  Effect of Green Tea Decoction on Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Rats

  JIANG Yue, QIU Mo-yan, SUN hui, LI Bao-qing

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 353-357. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.008

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  A model of chronic renal failure of rats was established by using adenine gavaging after unilateral nephrectomy. Treatment group gavaged by green tea decoction and the control group gavaged by Niaoduqing solution for 28 days in succession. Pathological staining of rat renal paraffin sections conducted with Hemotoxylin and Eosin staining method, Periodic Acid-Silver Methenamine staining method, Masson staining method, Sirius red staining method and Mallory staining method. The pathomorphological changes of these five strained samples were observed by optical microscope. The samples of periodic Acid-Silver Methenamine staining, Masson staining, Sirius red staining, Mallory staining were randomly selected for kidney pathology image analysis. Green tea decoction group was better than model group in area of renal interstitial fibrosis, integral optical density of glomerular mesangium and the type I and III distribution area in renal interstitial(P<0.05). It illustrate that the green tea decoction can reduce the patho, ogical damage of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats caused by adenine. Green tea decoction shows effect of anti-renal interstitial fibrosis. And it also inhibits the proliferation of I, III type collagen fibers, which may be the mechanism green tea decoction in the control of the development of renal interstitial fibrosis and chronic renal failure.
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  Research on the Effect of Tea and Mulberry Mixture Tea Bag on Blood Glucose-decrease in Diabetic Model Mice

  LIANG Yan, WANG Yue-fei, XIE Zheng-zhen, ZHANG Xing-hai, YANG Xian-qiang

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 358-362. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.010

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  Effect of tea and mulberry mixture tea bag on blood glucose-decrease in diabetic model mice was studied. Normal model and diabetic model mice were fed with tea bag at three different doses (0.5 g/kg·bw, 1 g/kg·bw and 3 g/kg·bw) for 14 days, and then, mice were gavaged with 2.5 g/kg·bw glucose solution. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance (GT) were determined after 0 h, 0.5 h and 2 h. Results showed that the higher doses groups (1 g/kg·bw and 3 g/kg·bw) showed a significant effect on decreasing the blood glucose in diabetic model mice which caused by alloxan in 0.5 h and 2 h, the blood glucose difference value in 0.5~0 h showed the same changes. And that, normal mice were not affected by tea bag in blood glucose, glucose tolerance and its difference value. As a result, it suggested that tea and mulberry mixture tea bag was beneficial for decreasing blood glucose.
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  The Anti-obesity Effects of Hubei Qingzhuan Tea on Rats

  CHEN Yu-qiong, ZHANG Wei, CHENG Qian, DONG Fa-jin, LIU Xiao-hua, GAN Duo-ping, QIAN Yu-ping

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 363-369. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.011

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  The anti-obesity effects of Hubei Qingzhuan tea on rats were investigated. The results showed, compared with the obese control group, New Qingzhuan tea of this year(NQT) and the Qingzhuan tea which had been stored for 10 years(QTS) reduced the body weights of rats, Lee’s index and the ratio of body fat and mass significantly. Both teas possessed obvious effects on lowering the serum and liver level of TC, TG, MDA, increasing HDL-C levels and the activities of SOD, GSH-PX. The observation on the fat tissue showed that both teas could reduce the accumulation and volume of fat cells. As a results, New Qingzhuan tea had the effects of anti-obesity and antioxidation. The effects of anti-obesity increased with the dose adding of NQT, and the anti-obesity effects of QTS were better than that of the NQT.
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  Detection the Polymorphism of Polyphenols Oxidase Gene in Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis) by PCR-RFLP

  HUANG Jian-an, HUANG Yi-huan, LI Jia-xian, LUO Jun-wu, LI Juan, LIU Zhong-hua

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 370-378. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.007

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  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR amplified fragments of Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) genes was applied for the characterization of genetic relationship and processing property of four tea accessions. Four restriction sites were investigated. The results of genetic parameters indicated that 4 restriction sites fitted Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The HpaⅡ restriction site showed high polymorphism and BsuRⅠrestriction site showed moderate polymorphism. There was a high relationship between genotype distribution of BsuRⅠ, HpaⅡrestriction sites and genetic background of accessions. The HpaⅡrestriction site in primer L7/L8 amplified region was of abundant polymorphism and a high relationship between genotype and processing property of different accessions. If the genotype was AA, existing of HpaⅡrestriction site, the cultivar was good for processing black tea. If the genotype was BB or AB, this restriction site could not be digested or could partly be digested by HpaⅡrestriction endonucleases, and the cultivar was good for processing green tea or oolong tea. The restriction patterns of F1 progenies of Qi Men No.4 × Chao An Da Wu Ye at HpaⅡ restriction site in primer L7/L8 amplified region showed that the segregation of HpaⅡ restriction site in F1 population was in accord with Mendelian heredity law (x²=0.23). From this research, BsuRⅠand HpaⅡ (in primer L7/L8 amplified region) restriction sites in PPO gene might be considered as two useful genetic markers for characterization of genetic relationship and identification of parents. HpaⅡ restriction site (in primer L7/L8 amplified region) could be recommended as a genetic marker to identify processing property of tea cultivars at forepart of tea plant breeding.
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  The Demonstration Research on Congregation Degree of Tea Industry

  SONG Yan-ping, WANG Yan-rong

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 379-385. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.012

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  Industry accumulation is an economic phenomenon of space congregation or local special congregation with the process of economic development. The paper calculates the congregation degree of AnHui tea industry in the period of 2002~2006 by using the means of LQ quotient and the index of concentration. The result indicated that Anhui tea industry possessed a signification congregation tendency and it’s mostly concentrated in the south and west regions of Anhui province. The result also indicated that the level of AnHui tea industry accumulation has a strong positive correlation to the industry development.
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  On the Attribute Aspects of Studies on Tea Culture from Cultural Theories and Relationships between Tea Art and Tea Culture

  GUAN Jian-ping

  Journal of Tea Science. 2008, 28(5): 386-390. https://doi.org/10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2008.05.005

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  The relationships between tea art and tea culture have always been of great concern for both the fields of tea art and tea culture. Yet there have been no outcomes of study so far. In this view, the paper starts from analysis of some basic conceptions, to prove that the current tea art and tea culture are in full accord both in their extension and intension. And the reasons can be summarized as the conceptual extension of tea art, and meantime the proposal of such a concept on tea culture. The paper is resumed then, based on studies into structures of tea culture, to demonstrate and prove on the aspects of socio-science and humanities of studies on teas culture. And as a conclusion, it proposes for the associated studies of multidisciplinary to meet the different needs of subjects for the research works, based on the well-divided studies according to different properties and aspects of the above-mentioned subjects and disciplines.