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茶叶科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 587-594.doi: 10.13305/j.cnki.jts.2019.05.010

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茶园常用除草剂田间药效试验与残留动态

高万君1, 张永志1, 童蒙蒙1, 马慧勤2, 钱珊珊3, 王天雨3, 李叶云1, 吴慧平2, *, 侯如燕1, *   

  1. 1. 安徽农业大学茶树生物学及资源利用国家重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230036;
    2. 安徽农业大学植物保护学院,安徽 合肥 230036;
    3. 安徽省公众检验研究院有限公司,安徽 合肥 230051
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-20 修回日期:2019-02-19 出版日期:2019-10-15 发布日期:2019-10-15
  • 通讯作者: *whp@ahau.edu.cn;hry@ahau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:高万君,女,硕士,主要从事茶叶化学与安全方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200900)、国家自然科学基金(31772076和31270728)

Weeds Control Effect and Residues of Several Herbicides in Tea Gardens

GAO Wanjun1, ZHANG Yongzhi1, TONG Mengmeng1, MA Huiqin2, QIAN Shanshan3, WANG Tianyu3, LI Yeyun1, WU Huiping2, *, HOU Ruyan1, *   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
    2. School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
    3. Public Inspection Institute(Anhui) Co., Ltd, Hefei 230051, China
  • Received:2018-12-20 Revised:2019-02-19 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-10-15

摘要: 对比评价了草甘膦、草铵膦、复配剂型草甘膦-乙草胺及草甘膦-助剂对茶园主要恶性杂草的防治效果,并对试验小区土壤中各除草剂的残留水平进行了评估。试验结果表明,与草甘膦相比,草铵膦起效快,在施药第7天杂草覆盖度降低到9.15%,施药14βd后对野老鹳、续断菊、小飞蓬等杂草的防治效果在95%以上,草胺磷在茶园土壤中降解较快,30βd的消解率达到94%,残留水平较低(第58天残留量为0.01βmg·kg-1),可能是替代草甘膦除草剂的较优选择;乙草胺作为封闭型除草剂,能够抑制禾本科杂草出苗,且在土壤中消散较快(21βd后的消解率为97%),可用于防治禾本科等杂草。

关键词: 茶园, 除草剂, 药效, 农药残留

Abstract: The weeds control effect of several herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate and combination of glyphosate-acetochlor and glyphosate-auxiliaries) and the herbicides residues in the soil of treated plots in the tea gardens were compared. The results show that the glufosinate had a faster control effect on the weeds. The coverage of weeds decreased to 9.15% on the 7th treatment day. The control efficiency of glufosinate to the Geranium carolinianum L., Sonchus asper (L.) Hill., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronqreached more than 95% on the 14th day. Glufosinate showed a faster degradation (the dissipation ratio was 94% on the 30th day) in the soil than the glyphosate (the residue concentration was 0.01βmg·kg-1 on the 58th treatment day). Therefore, glufosinate might be an alternative herbicide for weed control in tea gardens. Acetochlor, as a closed herbicide, had the potential of inhibiting the emergence of gramineous weeds and faster dissipation rate in the soil (the dissipation ratio was 97% on the 21th day), and therefore, it was recommended to control gramineous or the other weeds.

Key words: tea garden, herbicide, efficacy, pesticide residue

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